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the binding spectra of carp c3 isotypes against natural targets independent of the binding specificity of their thioester.the central component of complement, c3, plays a versatile role in innate immune defense of vertebrates and some invertebrates. a notable molecular characteristic of this component is an intra-chain thioester site that enables c3 to bind covalently to its target. it has been reported that the binding preference of the thioester to hydroxyl or amino groups is primarily defined by presence or absence of the catalytic histidine residue at position 1126 in human c3. in teleosts, a unique c3 (non-his ...201222561425
estimation of fish biomass using environmental dna.environmental dna (edna) from aquatic vertebrates has recently been used to estimate the presence of a species. we hypothesized that fish release dna into the water at a rate commensurate with their biomass. thus, the concentration of edna of a target species may be used to estimate the species biomass. we developed an edna method to estimate the biomass of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using laboratory and field experiments. in the aquarium, the concentration of edna changed initially, but r ...201222563411
[polymorphism of the cytochrome oxidase b gene (cyt b) in russian populations of common carp and wild common carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].polymorphism of the mitochondrial cyt b gene was examined in 35 individuals of common carp and wild common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the fish examined represented two natural populations from khabarovsk krai (ac and am), volga wild common carp, don wild common carp, and two common carp breeds, ropsha (strains bb and mm) common carp and hungarian common carp. the highest level of nucleotide (pi) and haplotype (h) diversity was detected in two strains of ropsha common carp (mm, pi = 0.67%, h = 0. ...201222567860
evidence for dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans in wastewater collection systems in the new york metropolitan area.polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) are persistent organic pollutants targeted by the stockholm convention. both contain aromatic chlorines and are subject to microbial dechlorination. dechlorination of pcbs in sewers in the delaware river basin was recently reported. in this work, two data sets on concentrations of pcbs and pcbs+pcdd/fs in wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents were analyzed to look for evidence that the ...201222568653
the effect of dietary organic chromium on specific growth rate, tissue chromium concentrations, enzyme activities and histology in common carp, cyprinus carpio l.a 63-day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of three levels of cr yeast (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg cr/kg) on the utilization of diets containing 38.5 % of maize starch or dextrin in common carp, cyprinus carpio l. (initial mean body mass 14 ± 0.3 g) in an auto circulator system at 25 ± 0.5 °c. a two-way analysis of variance (anova) showed that the final body mass (fbm), percentage mass gain (%mg), specific growth rate (sgr) and feed conversion ratio (fcr) were significantly (p < 0 ...201222569805
characterization and dietary regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in different ploidy fishes.glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) plays a crucial role in amino acid deamination and has been used as an inductor of nutrients metabolism. in this study, we cloned and analyzed the gdh cdnas in diploids (red crucian carp), triploids and tetraploids and characterized their expression profiles upon dietary treatments. results showed a high sequence similarity of gdh among the three kinds of ploidy fishes and other vertebrates. expression analysis revealed that gdh exhibited a distinct spatial pattern ...201222569960
how well do muscle biomechanics predict whole-animal locomotor performance? the role of ca2+ handling.it is important to determine the enabling mechanisms that underlie locomotor performance to explain the evolutionary patterns and ecological success of animals. our aim was to determine the extent to which calcium (ca(2+)) handling dynamics modulate the contractile properties of isolated skeletal muscle, and whether the effects of changing ca(2+) handling dynamics in skeletal muscle are paralleled by changes in whole-animal sprint and sustained swimming performance. carp (cyprinus carpio) increa ...201222573763
comparison of structural, architectural and mechanical aspects of cellular and acellular bone in two teleost fish.the histological diversity of the skeletal tissues of fishes is impressive compared with that of other vertebrate groups, yet our understanding of the functional consequences of this diversity is limited. in particular, although it has been known since the mid-1800s that a large number of fish species possess acellular bones, the mechanical advantages and consequences of this structural characteristic - and therefore the nature of the evolution of this feature - remain unclear. although several ...201222573778
hypoxia associated nmda receptor 2 subunit composition: developmental comparison between the hypoxia-tolerant subterranean mole-rat, spalax, and the hypoxia-sensitive rat.vertebrate brains are sensitive to oxygen depletion, which may lead to cell death. hypoxia sensitivity originates from the high intrinsic rate of atp consumption of brain tissue, accompanied by the release of glutamate, leading to the opening of ionotropic glutamate receptors, such as n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors (nmdars). the relative expression levels of the four nmdar-2 (nr2) subunits change during mammalian development with higher levels of units nr2b and nr2d observed during early ...201222576753
quantitative bioassays for measuring biologically functional gonadotropins based on eel gonadotropic receptors.significant declines in eel stocks have been noted in many parts of the world. because eel aquaculture is dependent on wild-caught juveniles, there is a need to achieve artificial reproduction. adult eel maturation is currently induced by repeated injections of purified gonadotropin (human chorionic gonadotropin [hcg]) or pituitary extract. thus the determination of the biological efficacy and quantification of internal levels of gonadotropic hormones is important for optimizing artificial repro ...201222580328
alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters of catla catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin.a 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of lc(50)) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the indian major carp, catla catla fingerlings. under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. all the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin-globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethri ...201222580924
persistence of viral rna in fish infected with vhsv-ivb at 15°c and then moved to warmer temperatures after the onset of disease.smallmouth bass, micropterus dolomieu lacepède, bluegill, lepomis macrochirus rafinesque (coppernose strain), koi carp, cyprinus carpio l., and channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), were infected by intraperitoneal injection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype ivb (vhsv-ivb) at 15 °c. when clinical signs of disease developed, one-third of the fish was moved to 20°c and one-third to 25°c. mortality in challenged fish at all three temperatures ranged from 25 to 45% in sm ...201222582793
[isolation and identification of citrobacter freundii from diseased giant salamander, andrias davidianus].to determine the pathogenic bacterium infecting giant salamander (andrias davidianus).201222586994
exploring androgen-regulated pathways in teleost fish using transcriptomics and proteomics.in the environment, there are aquatic pollutants that disrupt androgen signaling in fish. laboratory and field-based experiments have utilized omics technologies to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying androgen-receptor agonism/antagonism. transcriptomics and proteomics studies with 17β-trenbolone, a growth-promoting pharmaceutical found in water systems surrounding cattle feed lots, and androgens such as 17α-methyltestosterone and 17α-methyldihydrotestosterone, have been conducted i ...201222596056
the effects of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress biomarkers in cyprinus carpio exposed to herbicide quinclorac (facet®).the occurrence of pollutants in the aquatic environment can produce severe toxic effects on non-target organisms, including fish. these sources of contamination are numerous and include herbicides, which represent a large group of toxic chemicals. quinclorac, an herbicide widely applied in agriculture, induces oxidative stress due to free radical generation and changes in the antioxidant defense system. the aim of this study was to assess if dietary diphenyl diselenide (phse)₂ has a protective e ...201222608528
infection level of monogenean gill parasite, diplozoon kashmirensis (monogenea, polyopisthocotylea) in the crucian carp, carassius carassius from lake ecosystems of an altered water quality: what factors do have an impact on the diplozoon infection?monogeneans are of great interest to the ecologists because of their simple life cycle and are considered as one of the important and sensitive parasites to any changes in water quality. the monogenean gill parasite, diplozoon kashmirensis of the carassius carassius was examined with the aim to evaluate the infection level and the factors influencing the infection. our results showed that highest prevalence (34.22%) of d. kashmirensis was in the lake having high trophic status and least prevalen ...201222608705
responses of biomarkers of a standardized (cyprinus carpio) and a native (pimelodella laticeps) fish species after in situ exposure in a periurban zone of luján river (argentina).the luján river basin, which is located in the northwest area of the province of buenos aires, argentina, receives different anthropogenic inputs before reaching the río de la plata estuary. the aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the river in the middle part of the basin. to this end, an in situ cage assay was conducted in two sites of the river (s1 and s2) near luján city, and the responses of hepatic biomarkers of both a standardized (cyprinus carpio) and a native (pimelodel ...201422610875
introduced pathogens and native freshwater biodiversity: a case study of sphaerothecum destruens.a recent threat to european fish diversity was attributed to the association between an intracellular parasite, sphaerothecum destruens, and a healthy freshwater fish carrier, the invasive pseudorasbora parva originating from china. the pathogen was found to be responsible for the decline and local extinction of the european endangered cyprinid leucaspius delineatus and high mortalities in stocks of chinook and atlantic salmon in the usa. here, we show that the emerging s. destruens is also a th ...201222615866
subcellular localization and functional characterization of a fish irf9 from crucian carp carassius auratus.mammalian interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf-9) has long been recognized as the dna sequence recognition subunit of ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3) complex, which is critical for type i ifn to induce the expression of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) against viral infection. recent studies have shown that fish ifn exerts antiviral effects by induction of a number of isgs and also of itself; however, little is known about the role of fish irf9 in ifn signaling. here we identify a fish irf9 ...201222626811
the effects of subchronic exposure to terbuthylazine on early developmental stages of common carp.the aim of this study was to assess the impact of terbuthylazine in surface waters on fish under experimental conditions. subchronic toxic effects on embryos and larvae of common carp (cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test. the exposure to terbuthylazin showed no effect on mortality, but significant differences (p < 0.0001) were revealed on weight and growth parameters at concentrations of 520 and 820 μg/l. the inhibition of specific growth rate at concentrations of 52 ...201222629165
protective role of propolis in chlorpyrifos-induced changes in the haematological parameters and the oxidative/antioxidative status of cyprinus carpio carpio.the protective effect of propolis on haematological parameters and antioxidant status were evaluated in the blood and various tissues of carp exposed to chlorpyrifos (cpf). the fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cpf (0.040 and 0.080 mg/l) for 10 days, and propolis (10 mg per kg of fish weight) was simultaneously administered. samples of the blood and tissue (liver, kidney, and gill) were collected at the end of the experiment and analysed for their oxidant-antioxidant status, inclu ...201222634289
pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in carp blood and head kidney leukocytes exposed to cyanotoxin stress--an in vitro study.cyanotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites produced by different species of cyanobacteria that are present all over the world in aquatic environments. no data are available about the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress associated with exposure of fish immune cells to low concentrations of cyanotoxins. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression of cytokines that underlie immune regulation are changed after incubation of fish leukocytes with pure cyanotoxins: microc ...201222641113
[effect of temperature on proteinase activities of enteral microbiota and intestinal mucosa of fish of different ecological group].effect of temperature on proteinases activities of enteral microbiota and of intestinal mucosa was studied in five fish species (roach rutilus rutilus, crucian carp carassius carassius, common perch perca fluviatilis, pike-perch zander lucioperca, and pike esox lucius) belonging by the nutrition type to different ecological groups. essential differences of temperature characteristics of proteinases of intestinal mucosa and of enteral microbiota are revealed in fish belonging by the nutrition typ ...201222645973
changes in biogenic amines of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at different temperatures and their relation to total volatile base nitrogen, microbiological and sensory score.biogenic amines have received considerable attention owing to their undesirable effects in humans. there are few studies of changes in biogenic amine contents related to freshwater fish. silver carp is an important freshwater fish species in china. this study aimed to investigate the changes in biogenic amines and their relation to total volatile base nitrogen (tvb-n), microbiological and sensory score of silver carp fillets stored at 0, 3 and 15 °c.201222653554
molecular cloning and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of igf2a genes in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).we studied whether two igf2 transcripts in common carp are similar to those found in zebrafish. the full-length igf2a cdna contains a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 105 bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 1358 bp and an open reading frame of 612 bp, which encodes a 206-amino acid protein. a 6614-bp full-length igf2a dna molecule, including the 5'-flanking region, was isolated. genomic dna structure analysis revealed that the igf2a gene contains four exons and three introns. bioinformatics analysi ...201222653579
two new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida) infecting an indian major carp in ropar and kanjali wetlands (punjab).in india, more than 104 species of myxobolus are recorded infecting freshwater and marine fishes. during our study on the myxozoan parasites of fishes of punjab wetlands, india, two new myxosporean species, myxobolus ropari sp. nov. and myxobolus kanjali sp. nov. were recorded from mucous membrane around gill lamellae and scales of cirrhina mrigala (ham.), respectively. spores of the first species, m. ropari sp. nov. measure 12.58 × 4.5 μm in size, elongately pyriform, slender in shape with a po ...201122654311
evaluation of metal pollution in fish and water collected from gorgan coast of the caspian sea, iran.in this study, concentrations of zinc, chromium, cadmium and lead were determined in water and three species of fish sampled from 10 selected stations along gorgan coast using atomic absorption spectrophotometery, summer 2009. mean lead levels in water and fish samples (119.50 ± 22.24 μg/l and 113.80 ± 33.11 μg/kg) were significantly higher than that of cadmium and chromium (p < 0.05). cyprinus carpio had highest metals content than mugila auratus and rutilus frisikutum. the evaluated metals val ...201222664555
closing the serological gap: promising novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and damage of the joints affecting about 0.5% of the general population. early treatment in ra is important as it can prevent disease progression and irreversible damage of the joints. despite the high diagnostic value of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa) and rheumatoid factor (rf), there is a strong demand for novel serological biomarkers to further improve the diagnosis of this abundant disease. ...201222664776
sperm characteristics and androgens in acipenser ruthenus after induction of spermiation by carp pituitary extract or gnrha implants.spermiation and changes in androgen (testosterone, t and 11-ketotestosterone, 11-kt) levels were studied in sterlet (acipenser ruthenus) treated with gnrh agonist implants (dala(6)-pro(9)-lhrha) at 25 and 75 μg kg(-1) b.w. and compared with those males treated with 4 mg kg(-1) b.w. of carp pituitary extract (cpe) and 3 pellets of ovopel kg(-1) b.w., which contains dala(6)-pro(9)net-mgnrh and metoclopramide. sperm quality (sperm mass, spermatozoa concentration and sperm motility and velocity) was ...201222665160
impact of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common edible carp (labeo rohita).laboratory evaluations were made to assess the toxicological and biochemical effect of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common edible freshwater culture carp (labeo rohita). there was a significant negative (p < 0.05) correlation observed between effective doses of cypermethrin and exposure periods; that is, lc₅₀ values decreased from 0.323 μg/l (6 h) to  > 0.278 μg/l (12 h),  > 0.240 μg/l (18 h) and >0.205 μg/l (24 h). exposure to sublethal doses of cypermethrin for 24 h and 96 h exposure period ...201222666103
efficacy of two avermectins, doramectin and ivermectin against argulus siamensis infestation in indian major carp, labeo rohita.the efficacy of two avermectins, doramectin and ivermectin via oral and parenteral routes and their prophylactic effects against argulus siamensis infestation in indian major carp, labeo rohita was studied. doramectin and ivermectin were fed once to l. rohita sub-adults naturally infested with a. siamensis parasites at graded levels of 1000, 750 and 500 μg/kg body weight and 500, 300 and 200 μg/kg body weight, respectively. the mean time of clearance of parasites was 24 ± 0.149 h for 1000 and 24 ...201222673107
flexibility in starting posture drives flexibility in kinematic behavior of the kinethmoid-mediated premaxillary protrusion mechanism in a cyprinid fish, cyprinus carpio.premaxillary protrusion in cypriniform fishes involves rotation of the kinethmoid, an unpaired skeletal element in the dorsal midline of the rostrum. no muscles insert directly onto the kinethmoid, so its rotation must be caused by the movement of other bones. in turn, the kinethmoid is thought to push on the ascending processes of the premaxillae, effecting protrusion. to determine the causes and effects of kinethmoid motion, we used xromm (x-ray reconstruction of moving morphology) to measure ...201222675187
differential effects of chronic hypoxia and feed restriction on the expression of leptin and its receptor, food intake regulation and the endocrine stress response in common carp.appetite suppression is a common response to hypoxia in fish that confers significant energy savings. yet little is known about the endocrine signals involved in the regulation of food intake during chronic hypoxia. thus, we assessed the impact of chronic hypoxia on food intake, the expression of the potent anorexigenic signal leptin and its receptor (lepr), the mrna levels of key hypothalamic appetite-regulating genes, and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (hpi) axis in comm ...201222675188
cyprinus carpio decoction improves nutrition and immunity and reduces proteinuria through nephrin and cd2ap expressions in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy.cyprinus carpio decoction (ccd) is a well-known chinese food medicine formula, accepted widely as a useful therapy in preventing edema and proteinuria caused by renal disease. however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. the current study investigated the potential mechanism of ccd in alleviating nephropathy induced by adriamycin (adr) in rats. 70  eight-week-old wistar rats were randomly divided into normal, model, fosinopril, yd, yg groups. all rats except for the normal grou ...201222675377
improved diagnosis of spring viremia of carp by nested reverse-transcription pcr: development of a chimeric positive control for prevention of false-positive diagnosis.polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays allow for the rapid and accurate detection of infectious agents through identification of nucleic acid sequences. however, contamination of samples with positive dna can lead to false-positive results. in this study, positive control plasmids were developed to minimize false-positive reactions due to pcr contamination during detection of svcv by semi-nested reverse-transcription pcr. an ampicillin resistance gene was truncated by pcr amplification, and the ...201222677224
influence of dietary fatty acids on muscle fatty acid composition and expression levels of δ6 desaturase-like and elovl5-like elongase in common carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).the effects of dietary fatty acids on muscle fatty acid composition and liver expression levels of δ6 desaturase-like and elovl5-like elongase were investigated in common carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian). two δ6 desaturase-like cdnas (fad6-a and fad6-b) and two elovl5-like elongase (elovl5-a and elovl5-b) cdnas were cloned. juvenile carp were fed three semi-purified diets (d1-3) for 6 weeks with different lipid sources: d1, fish oil with high highly unsaturated fatty acids (hufas); d2, corn oil ...201222677415
interferon type i responses to virus infections in carp cells: in vitro studies on cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and rhabdovirus carpio infections.interferons (ifns) are secreted mediators that play a fundamental role in the innate immune response against viruses among all vertebrate classes. common carp is a host for two highly contagious viruses: spring viraemia of carp virus (rhabdovirus carpio, svcv) and the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), which belong to rhabdoviridae and alloherpesviridae families, respectively. both viruses are responsible for significant losses in carp aquaculture. in this paper we studied the mrna expression prof ...201222683518
quality and biochemical properties of artificially hibernated crucian carp for waterless preservation.the aim of this study was to explore the artificial hibernation of crucian carp for waterless preservation and to characterize the quality and biochemical properties during and after the hibernation. anesthetized crucian carp using eugenol were stored at 8 °c with 90 % oxygen and 95-100 % relative humidity for 38 h and then transferred to fresh water to recover. liquid loss and cooking loss had no significant changes (p > 0.05). the total volatile basic nitrogen content and 2-thiobarbituric acid ...201222688451
accelerating cardiac bidomain simulations using graphics processing units.anatomically realistic and biophysically detailed multiscale computer models of the heart are playing an increasingly important role in advancing our understanding of integrated cardiac function in health and disease. such detailed simulations, however, are computationally vastly demanding, which is a limiting factor for a wider adoption of in-silico modeling. while current trends in high-performance computing (hpc) hardware promise to alleviate this problem, exploiting the potential of such arc ...201222692867
assessment of the sublethal toxicity of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).this study is aimed at evaluating the sublethal effects of endosulfan (eds) in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio). for this purpose, fish were exposed for 15 days to the technical eds (95% pure) diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) 0.1% of the total volume in water solution in a semi-static system at sublethal concentration (1 μg/l). subsequently, the liver somatic index (lsi) and factor condition (k) were determined. the total cytocrome p450 (cyp), cyp1a isoform, and the ethoxyresorufin-o-d ...201222702825
diversification of ifnγ-inducible cxcb chemokines in cyprinid fish.we earlier identified two cxcl8-like lineages in cyprinid fish, which are functional homologues of the mammalian cxcl8, but with diverged functions. we here investigated whether the carp ifn-γ-inducible cxcb gene, related to the mammalian cxcl9, -10 and -11 chemokines, was subject to a similar diversification. on the zebrafish genome, a cluster of seven cxcb genes was found on chromosome five. analysis of the promoter of the zebrafish cxcb genes suggests a partially shared, but differential indu ...201222705555
an interlaboratory comparison study for the determination of dialkyl phthalate esters in environmental and biological samples.a series of interlaboratory comparison exercises were conducted to assess the accuracy of dialkyl phthalate ester (dpe) concentration measurements in environmental and biological samples. five laboratories participated in analyses to determine dpe concentrations in standard test solutions; marine sediments; three certified reference materials, including carp-2 (fish muscle) and bcr-07 (fortified milk powder); and several livestock samples (sheep's milk, liver, and muscle). in addition, one labor ...201222707032
development of an es-like cell culture system (resc) from rohu, labeo rohita (ham.).an embryonic stem (es)-like cell culture system resc from a commercially important freshwater carp, labeo rohita, was developed using blastula stage embryos. the cells were cultured in leibovitz-15 (l-15) medium in gelatin-coated cell culture flask supplemented with 15 % fetal bovine serum along with 10 ng ml(-1) basic fibroblast growth factor at 28 °c under feeder-free conditions. the es-like cells were characterized by their unique morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, embryoid body forma ...201222707190
thyroid endocrine dysregulation and erythrocyte dna damage associated with pbde exposure in juvenile crucian carp collected from an e-waste dismantling site in zhejiang province, china.in the present study, 40 juvenile crucian carp (carassius auratus) were caught from a river close to an electronic waste (e-waste) site (exposed group) and another located 80 km away from the e-waste site (control group) in zhejiang, china. results indicated that muscle levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (median pbdes, 235.98 ng/g wet wt; range, 7.70-703.31 ng/g wet wt), serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (median tsh, 2.32 µiu/ml; range, 2.05-2.72 µiu/ml) and erythrocyte dna damag ...201222707201
the complete mitochondrial genome of the crucian carp, carassius carassius (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of carassius carassius was determined to be 16,597 bp long circular molecule with a typical gene arrangement of vertebrate mitochondrial dna. its control region contains two copies of unit (ttcycaatataa) at 3' ends, which has never been reported before for carassius species. phylogenetic trees based on 12 protein-coding genes on heavy strand confirmed that the complete mtdna sequence of crucian carp was reported in this study for the first time.201222708851
molecular identification and real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) for rapid detection of thelohanellus kitauei, a myxozoan parasite causing intestinal giant cystic disease in the israel carp.intestinal giant-cystic disease (igcd) of the israel carp (cyprinus carpio nudus) has been recognized as one of the most serious diseases afflicting inland farmed fish in the republic of korea, and thelohanellus kitauei has been identified as the causative agent of the disease. until now, studies concerning igcd caused by t. kitauei in the israel carp have been limited to morphological and histopathological examinations. however, these types of diagnostic examinations are relatively time-consumi ...201222711920
a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation.in this study, an oral physiologically based pharmacokinetics (pbpk) model was developed for florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus). subsequently, oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation was performed and the two models were used to predict florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp. the oral model gave good predictions in most tissues, except for kidney and liver in which the florfenicol concentrations were underestimated at the later time points. in contrast, using t ...201322712485
elevated expressions of gh/igf axis genes in triploid crucian carp.growth hormone (gh), growth hormone receptor (ghr) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) are pivotal signaling factors of the gh/igf axis, which plays a crucial role in regulating growth in vertebrates. in this study, gh, ghr and igf-1 cdnas were cloned from triploid and tetraploid crucian carp. in addition, mrna expression levels were characterized in diploid red crucian carp, triploids and tetraploids. reverse transcriptase pcr indicated that gh genes were only expressed in the pituitary, w ...201222713693
comparison of the exomes of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (danio rerio).research on common carp, cyprinus carpio, is beneficial for zebrafish research because of resources available owing to its large body size, such as the availability of sufficient organ material for transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. here we describe the shot gun sequencing of a clonal double-haploid common carp line. the assembly consists of 511891 scaffolds with an n50 of 17 kb, predicting a total genome size of 1.4-1.5 gb. a detailed analysis of the ten largest scaffolds indicates ...201222715948
organization and variation analysis of 5s rdna in different ploidy-level hybrids of red crucian carp × topmouth culter.through distant crossing, diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var., rcc♀, cyprininae, 2n = 100) × topmouth culter (erythroculter ilishaeformis bleeker, tc♂, cultrinae, 2n = 48) were successfully produced. diploid hybrids possessed 74 chromosomes with one set from rcc and one set from tc; triploid hybrids harbored 124 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and one set from tc; tetraploid hybrids had 148 chromosomes with two sets from rcc and two sets fr ...201222720007
structure and function of the median finfold in larval teleosts.this paper offers a structural and mechanical analysis of the median finfold in larval teleosts. the median finfold is strengthened by bundles of collagen fibres, known as actinotrichia. we demonstrate that these structures contribute to increase the mass of backward accelerated water during swimming. the amount, dimensions, orientation and growth of actinotrichia were measured at various locations along the finfold in several developmental stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish ( ...201222723474
enhancement of hsp70 synthesis protects common carp, cyprinus carpio l., against lethal ammonia toxicity.exposure to tex-oe®, a patented extract of the prickly pear cactus (opuntia ficus indica) containing chaperone-stimulating factor, was shown to protect common carp, cyprinus carpio l., fingerlings against acute ammonia stress. survival was enhanced twofold from 50% to 95% after exposure to 5.92 mg l(-1) nh(3) , a level determined in the ammonia challenge bioassay as the 1-h ld50 concentration for this species. survival of tex-oe®-pre-exposed fish was enhanced by 20% over non-exposed controls dur ...201222724455
physiologic and biochemical measurements and response to noxious stimulation at various concentrations of ms-222 in koi (cyprinus carpio).to evaluate the physiological effect and response to noxious stimulation at five concentrations of ms-222 in koi (cyprinus carpio).201322726125
sublethal propoxur toxicity to juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758): biochemical, hematological, histopathological, and genotoxicity effects.the sublethal toxicological and genotoxic potential of propoxur, a widely used carbamate insecticide against household pests, in veterinary medicine, and in public health, was evaluated on carp as a model species (cyprinus carpio l., 1758) using the erythrocyte micronucleus test. based on the 96-h lethal concentration, 50% (lc50) data from the u.s. environmental protection agency ecotox database (10 mg/l), a sublethal exposure concentration of 5 mg/l was used under static bioassay laboratory con ...201222730006
molecular characterization and expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (igfbp-3) in common carp, cyprinus carpio.a full-length cdna encoding the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (igfbp-3) was cloned from the liver of common carp (cyprinus carpio) by rt-pcr. the igfbp-3 cdna sequence is 1,680 bp long and has an open reading frame of 882 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 293 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues resulting in a mature protein of 268 amino acids. a single band of approximate 1.9 kb was found in liver b ...201222736237
effects of degraded optical conditions on behavioural responses to alarm cues in a freshwater fish.prey organisms often use multiple sensory cues to gain reliable information about imminent predation threat. in this study we test if a freshwater fish increases the reliance on supplementary cues when the reliability of the primary cue is reduced. fish commonly use vision to evaluate predation threat, but may also use chemical cues from predators or injured conspecifics. environmental changes, such as increasing turbidity or water colour, may compromise the use of vision through changes in the ...201222745663
growth performance and starch utilization in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) in response to dietary chromium chloride supplementation.a nutrition trial was conducted on juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio), initial mean body weight 15 ± 0.4 g within a controlled facility at 25 ± 0.5°c. six diets containing various levels of supplementary cr (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) mg cr/kg of diet as cr chloride hexahydrate were fed to carp for a period of 10 weeks. lower growth performance was observed in fish fed on the control diet and the diet supplemented with the highest level of cr (2.0mg cr/kg). although fish fed 0.5mg cr/kg ...201322748694
expression pattern of potential biomarker genes related to growth, ion regulation and stress in response to ammonia exposure, food deprivation and exercise in common carp (cyprinus carpio).waterborne ammonia has become a persistent pollutant of aquatic habitats. during certain periods (e.g. winter), food deprivation may occur simultaneously in natural water. additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may be enforced to swim at a high speed in order to catch prey, avoid predators and so on. consequently, fish need to cope with all these stressors by altering physiological processes which in turn are controlled by their genes. in this present study, toxicogenomic analyse ...201222750116
variations in the gene expression of zona pellucida proteins, zpb and zpc, in female european eel (anguilla anguilla) during induced sexual maturation.vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular glycoprotein coat termed zona pellucida (zp). integrity of zp is critical for a correct embryo development. two zona pellucida protein genes (zpb and zpc) from european eel were characterized, specific qpcr assays developed and their expression in immature males and females carried out. an experimental group of silver-stage eel females was maintained at 18 °c and hormonally induced to sexual maturation by weekly injections of carp pituitary extr ...201222750510
oxidative stress in cyprinus carpio to analyze microcystin impact in eutrophic shallow lakes: a preliminary study.microcystins (mcysts) are toxins produced by cyanobacteria in aquatic environment and are of high potential risk to aquatic organisms. the physiological responses and pathobiological developments that they elicit in fish have been extensively studied, mainly through acute toxicity experiments. this study was designed to examine the seasonal fluctuation of biochemical markers of oxidative stress in different tissues of a natural population of cyprinus carpio inhabiting a shallow mediterranean lak ...201222766939
[nosoareas of clonorchiasis in the primorye territory].the mammalian liver parasite (clonorchis sinensis flukes) has spread in the primorye territory. the areas of the first intermediate hosts for the parasite mollusks of the genus parafossarulus have been found to recently become wider south-western predominantly due to lotus acclimatization, resulting in the expansion of a parasite habitation area. the intensity of newly formed foci of clonorchiasis is an order of magnitude greater than that of natural ones and they are a higher hazard since they ...201222774498
assessment of pollution in ataturk dam lake (adiyaman, turkey) using several biochemical parameters in common carp, cyprinus carpio l.ataturk dam lake, the largest impounded lake in turkey, has been contaminated by domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents coming from adiyaman city. in this study, we investigated the possible effects of pollutants on several biochemical parameters in the cyprinid fish, cyprinus carpio, by comparing the parameters in fish collected from a polluted area (sitilce) to a relatively clean area (samsat) in august 2011. the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alka ...201222782360
identification of housekeeping genes suitable for gene expression analysis in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) is an important economic fish species cultured in china. in this report, we performed a systematic analysis to identify an appropriate housekeeping (hk) gene for the study of gene expression in jian carp. for this purpose, partial dna sequences of four potential candidate genes (elongation factor 1 alpha (ef-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (gapdh), beta-actin (actb), and 18s ribosomal rna (18s rrna) were isolated, and their expression levels were studied usi ...201222789712
effect of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on the hematological and biochemical parameters and protection against aeromonas hydrophila in allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).the effect of dietary intake of coriolus versicolor polysaccharides (cvp) on the hematological and biochemical indices of allogynogenetic crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) was investigated. fish were fed cvp supplemented diets (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 g cvp kg(-1)) for 56 days. the rbc, wbc counts, hemoglobin content, esr in blood and tp, alt, ast, alp, glu, cho, tg, and bun in serum were measured on day 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. after feeding of 56 days, fish were infected with aeromo ...201322791194
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on the mrna levels of hsp70 and hsc70 in the liver, brain, kidney and gill of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).although the chaperone role of heat shock proteins (hsps) has been demonstrated in invertebrates, the function of hsps in vertebrates, especially in fish, remains unclear. in this study, relative changes in the mrna abundance of the hsp70 gene were examined by real-time pcr in the muscle, spleen, head kidney, heart, liver, brain, kidney and gill of common carp. results indicated that the highest and lowest levels of hsp70 expression were found in the heart and muscle, respectively, and the highe ...201322801242
presence of bound substrate in lactate dehydrogenase from carp liver.while attempting to purify udp-galactose 4-epimerase from carp liver extract at ph 8.0, it was observed that the preparation even after dialysis could reduce nad to nadh, interfering epimerase assay. the nad reduction activity and the epimerase were co-eluted in a series of chromatographic steps. mass spectrometric analysis of semi-purified fraction revealed that carp liver lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) contained bound lactate which was converted to pyruvate in the presence of nad. the enzyme-boun ...201222803333
spatio-temporal analysis of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 genetic diversity at a local scale.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), the causative agent of koi herpesvirus disease, is a major threat for carp populations in many countries worldwide, including indonesia. it has been shown that many genotypes circulate worldwide, all highly related to one of the two known lineages u/i and j. in this study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of cyhv-3 strains in a small enzootic area, the lake of cirata (west java, indonesia). of the 365 samples analysed, from clinical or asymptoma ...201222805046
histopathological effects and bioaccumulation of mercury in the kidney of an indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton).the effect of mercuric chloride on the histo-morphology and bioaccumulation in the kidney of an indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton) were examined after exposing the fish (15-20 cm) to three sublethal concentrations (0.033, 0.066 and 0.132 mg/l) of hgcl(2) for 30 days. mercury deposition in kidney tissues had increased significantly with dose and exposure duration dependant manner. several histological changes were noted in the kidney of all treated groups in compare to control group.201222810019
sequence structure and intragenomic variability of ribosomal its2 in monozoic tapeworms of the genus khawia (cestoda: caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fish.the sequence structure of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) was determined for six species of khawia (cestoda: caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fish in the holarctic region. homologous intragenomic its2 structure was found in khawia armeniaca, khawia baltica, and khawia rossittensis; whereas divergent intragenomic its2 copies were detected in chinese, japanese, and slovak isolates of khawia sinensis and in khawia japonensis, both parasitic in common carp, and in khawia sau ...201222814768
identification of distant agouti-like sequences and re-evaluation of the evolutionary history of the agouti-related peptide (agrp).the agouti-like peptides including agrp, asip and the teleost-specific a2 (asip2 and agrp2) peptides have potent and diverse functional roles in feeding, pigmentation and background adaptation mechanisms. there are contradictory theories about the evolution of the agouti-like peptide family as well the nomenclature. here we performed comprehensive mining and annotation of vertebrate agouti-like sequences. we identified a2 sequences from salmon, trout, seabass, cod, cichlid, tilapia, gilt-headed ...201222815886
seasonal development and pathological changes associated with the parasitic nematode philometroides sanguineus in wild crucian carp carassius carassius (l.) in england.pathological changes associated with the parasitic nematode philometroides sanguineus (rudolphi, 1819) are described for the first time from observations of infections in wild crucian carp carassius carassius (l.) in england. the damage caused by p. sanguineus was influenced strongly by host size, parasite development and the seasonal migrations of female nematodes within host tissues. male and unfertilized female nematodes located on the swim-bladder wall caused only minor, localized changes. i ...201222824259
tetrabromobisphenol a: tissue distribution in fish, and seasonal variation in water and sediment of lake chaohu, china.tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is the most widely used brominated flame retardants (bfrs). it has been detected in various environment media and has been approved to be high toxic to aquatic organisms. however, the exposure levels of tbbpa in the main watersheds in china have not been investigated sufficiently. in this study tbbpa concentrations in water, sediment and tissues of four fish species from lake chaohu were determined. spatial and temporal distribution patterns of tbbpa in water and se ...201222825637
habitat-specific locomotor variation among chinese hook snout carp (opsariichthys bidens) along a river.the wujiang river is a tributary of the upper yangtze river that shows great variations in its flow regime and habitat condition. dams have been built along the wujiang river and have altered the habitats profoundly enough that they may give rise to reproductive isolation. to test whether the swimming performance and morphology of the chinese hook snout carp (opsariichthys bidens), varied among habitats and whether the possible differences had a genetic basis, we measured the steady and unsteady ...201222829884
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against putative t lymphocytes of catla catla.catla catla is the fastest growing indian major carp and one of the major aquaculture species in south asia. a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated b8 mab was produced against nylon wool-enriched thymus mononuclear cells of c. catla. this mab did not show reactivity with macrophage and epithelial cell lines derived from catla thymus in cellular elisa. in flow cytometric analysis of gated lymphocytes, the percentage of b8 positive (b8+) cells in thymus (n = 10, 500-600 g) was determined to be 77. ...201222832892
development and characterization of new single nucleotide polymorphism markers from expressed sequence tags in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the common carp (cyprinus carpio) is an important aquaculture fish worldwide but only limited single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers are characterized from expressed sequence tags (ests) in this species. in this study, 1487 putative snps were bioinformatically mined from 14,066 online ests mainly from the european common carp, with the occurrence rate of about one snp every 173 bp. one hundred and twenty-one of these snps were selected for validation using pcr fragment sequencing, and 48 o ...201222837697
coordinated and sequential transcription of the cyprinid herpesvirus-3 annotated genes.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) is the cause of a fatal disease in carp and koi fish. the disease is seasonal and appears when water temperatures range from 18 to 28°c. cyhv-3 is a member of the alloherpesviridae, a family in the herpesvirales order that encompasses mammalian, avian and reptilian viruses. cyhv-3 is a large double-stranded dna (dsdna) herpesvirus with a genome of approximately 295kbp, divergent from other mammalian, avian and reptilian herpesviruses, but bearing several genes sim ...201222841491
down-regulation of the cyprinid herpesvirus-3 annotated genes in cultured cells maintained at restrictive high temperature.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) is a member of the alloherpesviridae, in the order herpesvirales. it causes a fatal disease in carp and koi fish. the disease is seasonal and is active when water temperatures ranges from 18 to 28 °c. little is known about how and where the virus is preserved between the permissive seasons. the hallmark of the herpesviruses is their ability to become latent, persisting in the host in an apparently inactive state for varying periods of time. hence, it could be expe ...201222841492
new insights into the plasticity of gill structure.the ability of some fishes to reversibly remodel their gill morphology has become a focus of research after the discovery of extreme morphological gill plasticity in crucian carp and goldfish-both members of the cyprinid genus carassius. their lamellae are largely embedded in an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) during normoxic conditions in cold water. the ilcm regresses in hypoxia, warm water, and during exercise, whereby the respiratory surface area and the capacity for oxygen uptake are greatly ...201222846495
the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors for molybdenum in the aquatic environment from natural environmental concentrations up to the toxicity boundary.in a regulatory context, bioaccumulation or bioconcentration factors are used for considering secondary poisoning potential and assessing risks to human health via the food chain. in this paper, literature data on the bioaccumulation of molybdenum in the aquatic organisms are reviewed and assessed for relevance and reliability. the data available in the literature were generated at exposure concentrations below those recommended in the reach registration dossiers for molybdenum compounds i.e. pn ...201222846769
a model to approximate lake temperature from gridded daily air temperature records and its application in risk assessment for the establishment of fish diseases in the uk.ambient water temperature is a key factor controlling the distribution and impact of disease in fish populations, and optimum temperature ranges have been characterised for the establishment of a number important aquatic diseases exotic to the uk. this study presents a simple regression method to approximate daily average surface water temperature in lakes of 0.5-15 ha in size across the uk using 5 km(2) gridded daily average air temperatures provided by the uk meteorological office. a geographi ...201322862828
fasting goldfish, carassius auratus, and common carp, cyprinus carpio, use different metabolic strategies when swimming.fish need to balance their energy use between digestion and other activities, and different metabolic compromises can be pursued. we examined the effects of fasting (7 days) on metabolic strategies in goldfish and common carp at different swimming levels. fasting had no significant effect on swimming performance (u(crit)) of either species. feeding and swimming profoundly elevated total ammonia (t(amm)) excretion in both species. in fed goldfish, this resulted in increased ammonia quotients (aq) ...201222884681
direct detection of unamplified spring viraemia of carp virus rna using unmodified gold nanoparticles.spring viraemia of carp (svc) is a viral disease that mainly affects carp cyprinus carpio and other cyprinid fish, causing severe economic losses. rapid detection and identification of spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) is crucial for effective disease management. recent advances in nanoscience are having a significant impact on many scientific fields, especially biodiagnostics, where a number of nanoparticle-based assays have been introduced for biomolecular detection. single- and double-stra ...201222885508
development of mrna-specific rt-pcr for the detection of koi herpesvirus (khv) replication stage.an mrna-specific reverse transcription (rt)-pcr primer set spanning the exon junction of a spliced putative terminase gene in the koi herpesvirus (khv) was developed to detect the replicating stage of the virus. the proposed rt-pcr amplified a target gene from the rna template, but not from a dna template extracted from common carp brain (ccb) cells infected with khv. in addition, the rt-pcr did not amplify the target gene of templates extracted from specific cell lines infected with either cyhv ...201222885509
species specific differences in the in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant mixture, firemaster® bz-54.firemaster(®) bz-54 is a flame retardant additive and consists of a brominated benzoate (2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate; tbb) and a brominated phthalate (bis (2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate; tbph). previous research has shown that fathead minnows exposed in vivo to firemaster(®) bz-54 accumulate tbb and tbph. this study examined the in vitro biotransformation potential of tbb and tbph in hepatic subcellular fractions (i.e., s9, microsomes and cytosol) in the fathead minnow, c ...201222889877
subchronic toxicity study of gh transgenic carp.a subchronic toxicity study of gh (growth hormone) transgenic carp was carried out with 60 sd rats aged 4 weeks, weight 115∼125 g. ten male and 10 female rats were allotted into each group. animals of the three groups (transgenic carp group (gh-tc), parental carp group (pc) and control group) were fed soy- and alfalfa-free diet (safd) with 10% gh transgenic carp powder, 10% parental carp powder or 10% common carp powder for 90 consecutive days, respectively. in the end of study, animals were kil ...201222889892
increased expression of rififylin in a < 330 kb congenic strain is linked to impaired endosomal recycling in proximal tubules.cell surface proteins are internalized into the cell through endocytosis and either degraded within lysosomes or recycled back to the plasma membrane. while perturbations in endosomal internalization are known to modulate renal function, it is not known whether similar alterations in recycling affect renal function. rififylin is a known regulator of endocytic recycling with e3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity. in this study, using two genetically similar strains, the dahl salt-sensitive rat and ...201222891072
26s proteasome regulation of ankrd1/carp in adult rat ventricular myocytes and human microvascular endothelial cells.ankyrin repeat domain 1 protein (ankrd1), also known as cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp), increases dramatically after tissue injury, and its overexpression improves aspects of wound healing. reports that ankrd1/carp protein stability may affect cardiovascular organization, together with our findings that the protein is crucial to stability of the cardiomyocyte sarcomere and increased in wound healing, led us to compare the contribution of ankrd1/carp stability to its abundance. we found th ...201222892129
novel mutations in the sarcomeric protein myopalladin in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.recently, missense mutations in titin-associated proteins have been linked to the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm). the objective of this study was to search for novel disease-associated mutations in the two human titin-binding proteins myopalladin and its amino-terminal-interacting partner cardiac ankyrin-repeat protein (carp). in a cohort of 255 cases with familial and sporadic dcm, we analyzed the coding regions and all corresponding intron flanks located in the mypn and carp-enco ...201322892539
assessment of metabolic stability using the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver s9 fraction.standard protocols are given for assessing metabolic stability in rainbow trout using the liver s9 fraction. these protocols describe the isolation of s9 fractions from trout livers, evaluation of metabolic stability using a substrate depletion approach, and expression of the result as in vivo intrinsic clearance. additional guidance is provided on the care and handling of test animals, design and interpretation of preliminary studies, and development of analytical methods. although initially de ...201222896006
koi herpesvirus encodes and expresses a functional interleukin-10.koi herpesvirus (khv) (species cyprinid herpesvirus 3) orf134 was shown to transcribe a spliced transcript encoding a 179-amino-acid (aa) interleukin-10 (il-10) homolog (khvil-10) in koi fin (kf-1) cells. pairwise sequence alignment indicated that the expressed product shares 25% identity with carp il-10, 22 to 24% identity with mammalian (including primate) il-10s, and 19.1% identity with european eel herpesvirus il-10 (ahvil-10). in phylogenetic analyses, khvil-10 fell in a divergent position ...201222896613
effect of trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio.this study evaluated the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio. seventy-five fish were divided into five groups (each group in triplicate), and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/l of trichlorfon and fed with commercial feed for 30 d. at the end of the experiment, plasma and hepatic lipid metabolic biochemical status were analyzed. triglyceride contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased i ...201222897202
characterization of myosin subfragment-1 of summer and winter silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) muscle.myosin subfragment-1 (s1) was prepared from myofibrils of summer and winter silver carp by chymotryptic digestion in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta). two s1 heavy chain isoforms with different molecular sizes of 91 kda and 95 kda were detected in the fast skeletal muscle from summer and winter silver carp, respectively. atpase inactivation assay indicated that winter s1 was about 20-fold unstable comparing to summer s1. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-f ...201222900620
assessment of antibacterial properties and the active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch).in this study, the antibacterial properties and active ingredient of plant extracts and its effect on the performance of crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio var. e'erqisi, bloch) were assessed.201322903651
identification of common carp (cyprinus carpio) micrornas and microrna-related snps.micrornas (mirnas) exist pervasively across viruses, plants and animals and play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. in the common carp, mirna targets have not been investigated. in model species, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been reported to impair or enhance mirna regulation as well as to alter mirna biogenesis. snps are often associated with diseases or traits. to date, no studies into the effects of snps on mirna biogenesis and regulation in the co ...201222908890
withaferin a inhibits the proteasome activity in mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo.the medicinal plant withania somnifera has been used for over centuries in indian ayurvedic medicine to treat a wide spectrum of disorders. withaferin a (wa), a bioactive compound that is isolated from this plant, has anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) suppressive effects of wa and the molecular mechanisms involved. wa inhibited growth of the murine as well as patient-derived mpm cells in pa ...201222912669
retracted: detection of lc50 of crude oil in silver carp ( hypophthalmicthys molitrix), common carp ( cyprinus carpio) and caspian roach ( rutilus rutilus caspicus). 201722914263
studies of ribonucleotide reductase in crucian carp-an oxygen dependent enzyme in an anoxia tolerant vertebrate.the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, the precursors for dna. rnr requires a thiyl radical to activate the substrate. in rnr of eukaryotes (class ia rnr), this radical originates from a tyrosyl radical formed in reaction with oxygen (o(2)) and a ferrous di-iron center in rnr. the crucian carp (carassius carassius) is one of very few vertebrates that can tolerate several months completely without oxygen (anoxia), a trait tha ...201222916159
evaluation of two outer membrane proteins, aha1 and ompw of aeromonas hydrophila as vaccine candidate for common carp.aeromonas hydrophila is an important fish pathogen responsible for huge economic losses in aquaculture sector. the bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps), especially adhesins play a key role in the virulence of the bacteria and are considered potential vaccine candidates. we evaluated the immunogenicity of two important outer membrane proteins namely aha1 and ompw of a. hydrophila. these proteins were over-expressed in escherichia coli, purified and used for the vaccination of common carp. seq ...201222917476
the complete mitochondrial genome of the oujiang color carp, cyprinus carpio var. color (cypriniformes, cyprinidae).the complete mitochondrial genome of oujiang color carp was determined to be 16,581 bp in length accurately using the next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools. the complete mitochondrial genome of oujiang color carp shows typical circular molecule structure of vertebrate's mitochondrial genome, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and 1 control region. the whole genome base composition was estimated to be 31.89% a, 27.53% c, 15.76% g, and ...201322920435
methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from an electronic waste-recycling site in south china: levels, congener profiles, and chiral signatures.great concerns have been raised about the fate and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and other organic contaminants contained in electronic waste (e-waste) exported from industrialized countries at midlatitudes to subtropical and tropical regions. information on the metabolites of these chemicals, for example, methylsulfonyl-pcbs (meso(2)-pcbs) in wildlife from the later regions is scarce. in the present study, 17 meso(2)-pcbs, including five chiral congeners, were detected in the musc ...201222927054
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