Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| iron status and the outcome of hiv infection: an overview. | theoretical considerations and experiments in the laboratory suggest that excessive iron stores may have an adverse effect on immunity. if so, high iron stores might be especially a problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 2001 | 11166657 |
| progressive reduction in treatment-related deaths in medical research council childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia trials from 1980 to 1997 (ukall viii, x and xi). | in the last 20 years, the survival rate for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) has markedly improved, largely owing to a decrease in relapses. however, children still die from complications of treatment and these are potentially preventable. we have analysed data from three large consecutive national protocols for all from 1980 to 1997 [medical research council united kingdom all (mrc ukall) trials viii, x and xi] to compare the incidence and causes of treatment-related deaths (tr ... | 2001 | 11167821 |
| evaluation of two nested polymerase chain reactions for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. | 2000 | 11168092 | |
| dual pulmonary infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | during a 22-month period, we identified 39 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (mean cd4(+) count, 90 cells/mm(3)) who were hospitalized with pneumonia and who had sputum and/or other specimens that tested concurrently positive for both mycobacterium tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii. the most common chest x-ray abnormality was a reticulonodular pattern or bilateral infiltrates (n=26). serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were elevated in 17 (85%) of 20 of patients teste ... | 2001 | 11170920 |
| unusual presentation of thoracic pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pleura-based masses and hilar adenopathy were seen on a chest radiograph of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had a history of pneumocystis carinii infection. the differential diagnosis of such a presentation is discussed in light of atypical and extrapulmonary manifestations of p. carinii infection in a patient receiving prophylaxis with dapsone. | 2001 | 11170960 |
| a randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with hiv infection. grupo de estudio del sida 04/98. | prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is indicated in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who have less than 200 cd4 cells per cubic millimeter and in those with a history of p. carinii pneumonia. however, it is not clear whether prophylaxis can be safely discontinued after cd4 cell counts increase in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. | 2001 | 11172138 |
| discontinuing pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | 2001 | 11172146 | |
| correlates of opportunistic infections in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus managed before highly active antiretroviral therapy. | opportunistic infections (ois) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children infected with hiv. however, few data are available regarding the overall prevalence, incidence and immunologic correlates associated with these diseases in the pediatric hiv population. the pediatric aids clinical trials group (pactg) has conducted multicenter studies in hiv-infected children since 1988 and through these studies has collected prospective data on the immunologic and virologic status of st ... | 2001 | 11176565 |
| significance of respiratory isolates of mycobacterium avium complex in hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is isolated with increasing frequency from respiratory specimens. this study was an attempt to determine the significance of this in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. | 2000 | 11179916 |
| pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b mutations are associated with atovaquone exposure in patients with aids. | this retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine whether pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b gene mutations in patients with aids and p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) are associated with atovaquone exposure. portions of the p. carinii cytochrome b genes that were obtained from 60 patients with aids and pcp from 6 medical centers between 1995 and 1999 were amplified and sequenced by using polymerase chain reaction. fifteen patients with previous atovaquone prophylaxis or treatment exposure were ... | 2001 | 11181161 |
| [risk factors related to infections during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy]. | to evaluate the immunological, virological and clinical response of hiv-infected patients who start combined therapy with protease inhibitors (pi) in a community hospital. to identify risk factors related with infections. | 2001 | 11181268 |
| rapid detection of mutations in the human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene associated with sulfa resistance. | recent studies have shown that point mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene of human-derived pneumocystis carinii are related to exposure to sulfa drugs and possibly represent the emergence of sulfa resistance. we developed a simple single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) method to permit rapid detection of these mutations. with plasmid constructs, sscp was able to detect as little as 10% of a minority population. the sscp assay was compared to direct sequencing for typing ... | 2001 | 11181359 |
| discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. eight european study groups. | patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and a history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are at high risk for relapse if they are not given secondary prophylaxis. whether secondary prophylaxis against p. carinii pneumonia can be safely discontinued in patients who have a response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is not known. | 2001 | 11188837 |
| prospective evaluation of detoxification pathways as markers of cutaneous adverse reactions to sulphonamides in aids. | the use of sulphonamides is complicated by a high rate of cutaneous reactions in aids. metabolic risk factors have been suspected for these reactions. we conducted a prospective study to evaluate whether glutathione s-transferase m1 null genotype, glutathione deficiency and acetylator status as risk factors. to explain the high frequency of slow acetylator phenotype in aids patients, we compared n-acetyltransferase-2 phenotype and genotype in this population. aids patients treated with sulphonam ... | 2000 | 11191886 |
| pulmonary complications in patients with aids: a report from a beijing hospital. | the aim of this study was to improve the awareness of pulmonary complications in patients with aids. | 2000 | 11192557 |
| [dramatic improvement of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by corticosteroids despite lack of antipneumocystis therapy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | a 30-year-old thai man was admitted to our hospital complaining of general fatigue, pyrexia, dyspnea, and a productive cough. he was in serious respiratory failure and had a pao2 of 45.9 torr in room air. chest radiography showed marked infiltration of both lungs. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was ruled out by a negative test for hiv antibody. he was given corticosteroids including methylprednisolone mini-pulse therapy and antibiot ... | 2000 | 11193327 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced aseptic meningitis in a renal transplant patient. | a 45-year-old man underwent renal transplant for end-stage renal disease complicating systemic lupus erythematosis. within 24 hours of initiating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) he developed fever and confusion. cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed a pleocytosis but cultures were negative. the patient improved within three days after cessation of the tmp-smx but symptoms recurred rapidly upon drug rechallenge. drug-induced aseptic ... | 2001 | 11200873 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without hiv infection. | pneumocystis carinii is an important, but sporadic, opportunistic pulmonary pathogen in immunosuppressed hiv seronegative persons. historically, patients at highest risk for p. carinii pneumonia are included infants with severe malnutrition, children with primary immunodeficiencies, patients with hematological malignancies, and recipients of solid organ or bone marrow transplants. recently, solid tumor patients, in particular those receiving high-dose corticosteroids for brain neoplasms, and pat ... | 2001 | 11202481 |
| pneumocystis infections: the iceberg? | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a well-recognized lung disease of immunocompromised patients, but the real impact of pneumocystis infection in humans remains to be discovered. pneumocystis represents probably one of the more frequent infectious agents faced by humans. seroconversion revealed p. carinii primary infection in > 90% of infants and small children, but the infection source and the clinical or pathological changes associated with this first contact with the parasite remain unkn ... | 2000 | 11204150 |
| mycoses in aids. | major changes are occurring in the epidemiology of opportunistic infections (oi) in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). a marked decrease of minor and major oi was observed and clinical resistance of thrush to antifungal agents became extremely rare. primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii infections can be stopped; however, the situation is less clear for other oi such as cryptococcosis or ... | 2000 | 11204154 |
| new targets and delivery systems for antifungal therapy. | development of new approaches for treatment of invasive fungal infections encompasses new delivery systems for approved and investigational compounds, as well as exploiting the cell membrane, cell wall and virulence factors as putative antifungal targets. novel delivery systems consisting of cyclodextrins, cochleates, nanoparticles/nanospheres and long circulating ('stealth') liposomes, substantially modulate the pharmacokinetics of existing compounds, and may also be useful to enhance the deliv ... | 2000 | 11204162 |
| natural pathogens of laboratory animals and their effects on research. | the natural fungal pathogens of laboratory animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs are mainly dermatophyte species, most commonly trichophyton mentagrophytes and also, less frequently microsporum gypseum and m. canis. however, the incidences of infection and clinical disease are low in well-managed animal facilities. young or immunocompromised rabbits are thought to be most susceptible. dermatophytes infect the epidermis and adnexal structures, including hair follicles and shafts, usually on or ... | 2000 | 11204165 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a yorkshire terrier dog. | a 14-month-old male yorkshire terrier was presented to the autonomous university of barcelona veterinary teaching hospital because of a history of chronic non-productive cough and acute dyspnea. a follow-up radiograph revealed a diffuse, bilaterally interstitial-alveolar lung disease with presence of air bronchograms. the dog died 5 h after admission with severe dyspnea. histological sections of the necropsy specimens revealed the presence of characteristic pneumocystis carinii cysts within alve ... | 2000 | 11204883 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child without immunodepression]. | we report the case of a 5 1/2 month baby with an atypical pneumonia. the pcr revealed a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the complementary approach failed to show any immunosuppression. we will discuss the aetiology, physiopathology and treatment of pneumocystis carnii pneumonia, particularly in cases without immunosuppression. we will also recall the importance of this disease in aids. | 2000 | 11205188 |
| the impact of cmv on the respiratory burst of macrophages in response to pneumocystis carinii. | infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages with cmv decreased the respiratory burst when cells were stimulated with opsonized zymosan or pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii). such an effect, though smaller, was also seen with heat-inactivated cmv, but only when triggered by zymosan. the effect was most pronounced in cells obtained from cmv antibody-negative donors. dexamethasone further reduced the respiratory burst, both in uninfected and cmv-infected cells. interferon-gamma increased the res ... | 2001 | 11207654 |
| pulmonary colonisation with pneumocystis carinii in an immunosuppressed hiv-negative patient: detection and typing of the fungus by pcr. | mostly pneumocystis carinii isolates from patients with acute pneumocystosis (pcp) have been typed until now. this report describes the typing of p. carinii organisms obtained from an hiv-negative patient without pcp. the patient underwent a broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) to investigate an abnormal chest x-ray. he was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. however, a low level of p. carinii organisms undetectable by microscopy was detected in bal fluid by two subsequent nested pcr assays: one assay amplifyi ... | 2001 | 11211229 |
| secondary infections of aids autopsy cases in japan with special emphasis on mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection. | in order to study the frequency of secondary infections of aids autopsy cases in japan, especially the frequency of mycobacterium aviumintracellulare complex (mac) infection, retrospective autopsy study was conducted between 1986 and 1997 at the affiliated hospital of institute of medical sciences, university of tokyo. secondary infections of various organs from 43 aids autopsy cases were examined using histopathology, genetic diagnosis of tuberculosis, ziehl-neelsen stain for acid-fast bacilli ... | 2000 | 11211316 |
| [listeriosis: an infrequent infection in patients with hiv]. | although resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection requires intact t-cell mediated immunity, listeriosis is an infrequent problem in patients with hiv infection and only about 50 patients have been reported to date. only two patients with hiv and l. monocytogenes have been attended in our hospital since the beginning of aids epidemic in 1981. case 1: a man with hiv and 364 cd4+ cells/mm3 presented fever and occipital headache. the cerebral scan was normal and l. monocytogenes grew in licuor ... | 2000 | 11213581 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. review of 70 cases]. | 2000 | 11213593 | |
| atovaquone suspension for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | to describe clinical experience with atovaquone suspension for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. | 2001 | 11216929 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum of aids patients in chennai (madras). | induced sputum samples were collected from 32 aids patients with respiratory ailments. pneumcystis carinii was demonstrated in 9 out of 32 aids cases by indirect immunofluorescence technique (hf). four cases were positive by all the three techniques namely giemsa staining, toluidine blue staining and iif, three were positive by both toluidine blue and iif, and two were positive only by iif. among other microbial pathogens, acid fast bacilli was demonstrated in all the p carinii positive cases an ... | 2000 | 11218675 |
| [diagnosis. pneumocystis carinii]. | 2001 | 11218793 | |
| differential splicing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase pre-mrna. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) is a rate-limiting enzyme in guanine nucleotide metabolism that has drawn attention as a drug target in several organisms. pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii impdh mrna (genebank accession no: u42442) previously identified from cultured organisms yielded a predicted amino acid sequence about 70 amino acids shorter at the amino terminus than impdh from other species. recent research has shown that the amino terminal region is important for enzyme ac ... | 2001 | 11223253 |
| safety of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone combined with rituximab in the treatment of stage iv indolent lymphoma. | rituximab (rituxan; genentech, inc, south san francisco, ca and idec pharmaceutical corporation, san diego, ca) is an effective agent for the treatment of cd20-positive b-cell lymphomas. because its toxicities are minimal and do not overlap with the toxicities of standard chemotherapy, it is an appealing agent to use in combination with chemotherapy. moreover, there is evidence for synergy between rituximab and some chemotherapeutic agents. the combination of fludarabine/ mitoxantrone/dexamethas ... | 2000 | 11225999 |
| aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children hospitalized in south africa. | to determine the aetiology and outcome of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children, we prospectively investigated 250 children hospitalized with pneumonia who were known or clinically suspected to be hiv-positive, or who required intensive care support in cape town, south africa. blood culture, induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage, nasopharyngeal aspirate and gastric lavage were performed. of the total, 151 children (60.4%) were hiv-infected. pneumocystis carinii pne ... | 2001 | 11236037 |
| a case of pneumocystis pneumonia after cessation of secondary prophylaxis. | improvement in the immunological and virological profile of hiv-infected population during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), has allowed guidelines on discontinuation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis to be published. a case of a 37-year-old homosexual man, who had sustained cd4 count over 200 cells/microl for 2 years while on secondary prophylaxis for pcp, who then developed pcp after cessation of prophylaxis, is presented. this case emphasizes the need ... | 2001 | 11236102 |
| immunosuppressed surfactant protein a-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to pneumocystis carinii infection. | immunosuppressed swiss black mice deficient in surfactant protein a (sp-a(-/-)) and wild-type control mice (sp-a(+/+)) were exposed to pneumocystis carinii by environmental exposure, intratracheal inoculation, and direct exposure to other infected animals. the frequency and intensity of p. carinii infection were significantly greater in the sp-a(-/-) mice by all 3 methods of exposure. p. carinii free of sp-a and alveolar macrophages were isolated from sp-a(-/-) mice and were tested in an in vitr ... | 2001 | 11237812 |
| the ste3 pheromone receptor gene of pneumocystis carinii is surrounded by a cluster of signal transduction genes. | although the clinical aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are well characterized, the basic biology of the causative organism is poorly understood. most proposed life cycles of p. carinii include both asexual and sexual replicative cycles. the two most prominent morphological forms are a trophic form, thought to undergo asexual replication by binary fission, and a cystic form or ascus containing intracystic bodies or ascospores, the products of sexual replication. to facilitate the pneumoc ... | 2001 | 11238389 |
| clinical correlation of variations in the internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f.sp. hominis. | to analyse the importance of sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions 1 and 2 of the nuclear rrna operon in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2001 | 11242141 |
| genetic diversity of pneumocystis carinii in hiv-positive and -negative patients as revealed by pcr-sscp typing. | to describe the epidemiology of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected and non hiv-infected patients. | 2001 | 11242142 |
| discontinuation of primary prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients at high risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: prospective multicentre study. | to assess the safety of discontinuation of primary prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients on antiretroviral combination therapy at high risk of developing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2001 | 11242147 |
| primary prevention with cotrimoxazole for hiv-1-infected adults: results of the pilot study in dakar, senegal. | to assess the efficacy and tolerance of chemoprophylaxis with cotrimoxazole compared with placebo among hiv-1-infected adults. | 2001 | 11242179 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia recurrence in hiv patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: secondary prophylaxis. | the incidence and risk factors for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) recurrence were evaluated in 451 hiv-infected patients enrolled in the french hospital database on hiv who started highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) while receiving secondary pcp prophylaxis after a first episode occurring between january 1995 and december 1998. there were 18 episodes of recurrent pcp. on haart, the cd4+ cell count increased to above 200 x 106/l in 274 patients, 51 of whom stopped pcp prophylaxis. ... | 2001 | 11242182 |
| spectrum of aids-defining illnesses in australia, 1992 to 1998: influence of country/region of birth. | to examine the influence of country/region of birth on spectrum of aids-defining illness. | 2001 | 11242202 |
| twice-weekly pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine effectively prevents pneumocystis carinii pneumonia relapse and toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fixed 25mg pyrimethamine--500mg sulfadoxine combination plus 15mg folinic acid given twice weekly for the prevention of relapses of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and primary episodes of toxoplasmic encephalitis. | 2001 | 11243747 |
| prognostic markers of short-term mortality in aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | since 1990, corticosteroids have been recommended as adjunctive therapy for patients with aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and respiratory failure. we hypothesized that the natural course of aids-associated pcp has changed in the era of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy. | 2001 | 11243967 |
| search for primary infection by pneumocystis carinii in a cohort of normal, healthy infants. | to determine whether pneumocystis carinii is associated with clinical illness in the competent host, 107 normal, healthy infants were enrolled in a 2-year prospective cohort study in chile. p. carinii was identified by specific stains and nested--deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) amplification of the large subunit mitochondrial ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene of p. carinii f. sp. hominis, and seroconversion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum samples drawn every 2 months. p. car ... | 2001 | 11247708 |
| clinical presentation and risk behaviors of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in thailand, 1994--1998: regional variation and temporal trends. | from 1994 through 1998, the clinical and demographic features and risk behaviors of 101,945 adolescent and adult patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were reported to the ministry of public health in thailand. the number of reported cases of aids infection increased from 12,005 in 1994 to 24,722 in 1997. nearly 40% of the cases were reported from the northern provinces, which contained only approximately 20% of the adult population. about 80% of cases were among male patients, ... | 2001 | 11247718 |
| structural changes in rat pneumocystis carinii surface antigens after terbinafine administration in experimental p. carinii pneumonia. | terbinafine is a synthetic antifungal agent which has recently been found to be highly effective against pneumocystis carinii. this study evaluated the efficacy of terbinafine on rat p. carinii antigenic profile and the immune response by western blot analysis, in comparison with atovaquone and co-trimoxazole in rats with pneumocystosis. terbinafine was shown to target two specific major antigens, particularly those of 116 and 35-40 kda. antibodies reactive against these moieties were found in a ... | 1999 | 11252340 |
| clinical profile of hiv infection. | to study the clinical profile of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in children. | 2001 | 11255299 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumopathy in patients with aids. the first 3 cases reported in algeria and review of the literature]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a severe and dangerous infection which afflicts patients with immune deficiency, particularly those with aids. this pathology isn't well known in algeria. the aim of the present study is a contribution to make this disease more known in the algerian aids patients. it has focused on the research and the identification of p. carinii in the expectorations and in the bronchalveolar lavage (bal) fluids of 14 patients with respiratory troubles: 13 were aids case ... | 1998 | 11256310 |
| what causes smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in malawi, an area of high hiv seroprevalence? | the central hospital and the district tuberculosis (tb) registry in lilongwe, the capital of malawi. in this setting smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) is diagnosed using clinical and radiographic criteria for tb, and mycobacterial cultures are not routinely available. | 2001 | 11258504 |
| pulmonary disease in hiv-infected african children. | childhood human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is common in most regions of sub-saharan africa. acute and chronic respiratory diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in hiv-infected children. they represent a significant added burden in a region where diagnostic capabilities are limited and management decisions are often made on the basis of clinical guidelines alone. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is now recognised as an important cause of acute severe pneumonia and death i ... | 2001 | 11263511 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection in children with vertically acquired hiv infection. | the outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected infants is poor, and the role of cytomegalovirus (cmv) co-infection in the course and outcome of pcp is unclear. this study describes the prevalence, clinical characteristics, management and changes in survival over time of vertically hiv-infected infants developing pcp and/or cmv infection. | 2001 | 11273213 |
| effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapies on the incidence of opportunistic infections before and after aids diagnosis. | to determine the effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in reducing opportunistic infections (oi) as both a presenting event and subsequent to an aids-defining event. | 2001 | 11273215 |
| [cytomegalic disease as a cause of disseminated lung lesions in an immunosuppressed patient]. | a case of disseminated lesions in the lungs was diagnosed just during autopsy as cytomegalic infection. 54-year old patient treated since 10 years because of lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma of low malignancy was admitted to institute of tuberculosis with suspicion of miliary tuberculosis. the high temperature, pemphigus--like skin lesions and disseminated lesions in the chest x-ray appeared immediately after succeeding chemotherapy. tuberculous bacilli. aspergillus fumigatus and pneumocystis carinii ... | 2000 | 11276977 |
| synthesis and anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia activity of novel dicationic dibenzothiophenes and orally active prodrugs. | dicationic carbazoles have been found to be highly active against a rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). unfortunately, amidoxime derivatives, designed as prodrugs, were inactive against pcp even though the corresponding amidines were highly active. in the present work, a series of 2,8- and 3,7-bis cationic dibenzothiophenes was synthesized and assayed for anti-pcp activity. three of the compounds proved to be more potent and less toxic than a standard anti-pcp drug (pentamidine) w ... | 1999 | 11278043 |
| fatal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-seropositive infants in harare, zimbabwe. | lung biopsies taken post mortem from 24 hiv-seropositive children who died of pneumonia in harare hospital (zimbabwe) during 1995 were examined for pathogens using histology, culture, microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pneumocystis carinii was detected in 16 (67%) children, in 5 of whom bacterial pathogens were also detected. there were 2 cases of cytomegalovirus infection. on the basis of histology and pcr, none of the children had tuberculosis. these data add to the evidence that ... | 2001 | 11280062 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids in south africa. | 2001 | 11280063 | |
| clinical manifestations and survival trends during the first 12 years of the aids epidemic in mexico. | our objective was to evaluate survival trends (1984-1995), the prevalence of aids-defining conditions, and the role of treatment with zidovudine and/or prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in survival following aids diagnosis. | 2001 | 11282182 |
| transport of aspartic acid, arginine, and tyrosine by the opportunistic protist pneumocystis carinii. | in order to improve culture media and to discover potential drug targets, uptake of an acidic, a basic, and an aromatic amino acid were investigated. current culture systems, axenic or co-cultivation with mammalian cells, do not provide either the quantity or quality of cells needed for biochemical studies of this organism. insight into nutrient acquisition can be expected to lead to improved culture media and improved culture growth. aspartic acid uptake was directly related to substrate concen ... | 2001 | 11286978 |
| respiratory diseases in the first year of life in children born to hiv-1-infected women. | our objective was to describe the respiratory complications, clinical findings, and chest radiographic changes in the first year of life in infected and uninfected children born to hiv-1-infected women. we prospectively followed a cohort of 600 infants born to hiv-1-infected women from birth to 12 months in a multicenter study. of these, 93 infants (15.5%) were hiv-1-infected, 463 were uninfected, and 44 were of unknown status prior to death or loss to follow-up. the cumulative incidence ( +/- s ... | 2001 | 11288208 |
| comparative yield of different respiratory samples for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infections in hiv-seropositive and seronegative individuals in india. | respiratory specimens were prospectively examined for pneumocystis carinii from 53 patients. the majority of specimens were comprised of expectorated sputum, induced sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage (bal), and tracheal aspirates. in only four patients pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) was detected. all the samples were produced by broncho-alveolar lavage. candida spp and aspergillus spp were also identified in a small number of patients. acid-fast-bacilli were not detected in any of the cases und ... | 2000 | 11289004 |
| [evaluation of a panfungal pcr assay for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp)]. | we compared a universal fungal pcr assay with fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 82 bronchoalveolar lavages (bals) of 64 immunocompromised patients with atypical pneumonia and 50 bals of 50 immunocompetent adults without lung disease were examined. 10 immunocompromised patients were clinically and/or histologically proven to suffer from pcp. for fluorescence microscopy, sensitivity and specificity in detecting p. carinii were 80.0% and 98.1%, for the pcr ... | 2000 | 11291575 |
| survival of patients with aids, after diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, in the united states. | to examine survival after diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and factors associated with early death (during the month of or the month after diagnosis of pcp), data were analyzed from the adult and adolescent spectrum hiv disease project. among 4412 patients with 5222 episodes of pcp during follow-up (1992-1998), survival at >1 month after diagnosis was 82%, and survival at > or =12 months after diagnosis was 47%; 12-month survival increased from 40% in 1992-1993 to 63% in 1996-19 ... | 2001 | 11294675 |
| cd4(+) t-lymphocytopenia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with miliary tuberculosis. | we report a case of miliary tuberculosis (mtb) occurring after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in a 51-year-old man. the mtb was complicated by pancytopenia and cd4(+) t-lymphocytopenia, which was responsible for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. hematological parameters returned to normal in response to antituberculous treatment. | 2001 | 11297918 |
| localization of cytoskeletal proteins in pneumocystis carinii by immuno-electron microscopy. | pneumocystis carinii causes serious pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. this study was undertaken to observe the cytoskeletal proteins of p. carinii by immuno-electron microscopy. p. carinii infection was experimentally induced by immunosuppression of sprague-dawley rats for seven weeks, and their lungs were used for the observations of this study. the gold particles localized actin, tropomyosin, and tubulin. the actin was irregularly scattered in the cytoplasm of the trophic forms ... | 2001 | 11301586 |
| activities and conformational fitting of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and other cyclic 1,4-diones tested in vitro against pneumocystis carinii. | atovaquone is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in some immunocompromised patients. a set of cyclic 1,4-diones were tested in vitro for ability to inhibit growth of p. carinii, including 22 variously substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones, one bis-1,4-naphthoquinone, and three other quinones. for comparison, the antipneumocystic primaquine and its 5-hydroxy-6-desmethyl metabolite were also tested. at 1.0 microg/ml, seven compounds inhibited growth by at lea ... | 2001 | 11302813 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii in the lungs of infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome. | recently pneumocystis carinii has been identified in a significant number of infants diagnosed as having died from sudden infant death syndrome (sids) in south america and europe. | 2001 | 11303835 |
| carbohydrate recognition domain of surfactant protein d mediates interactions with pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a. | pneumocystis carinii continues to cause severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. surfactant protein d (sp-d), a lung collectin, markedly accumulates during p. carinii pneumonia and binds to glycoprotein a (gpa) on the surface of p. carinii, thereby enhancing interactions with alveolar macrophages. herein, we report the structural basis of the interaction of sp-d with gpa. we demonstrate that natural sp-d binds to purified gpa in the presence of 2 mm calcium in a saturable, concentration-d ... | 2001 | 11306442 |
| infections in patients with immunodeficiency with thymoma (good syndrome). report of 5 cases and review of the literature. | immunodeficiency with thymoma (good syndrome, gs) is a rare, adult-onset condition that is characterized by thymoma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and low numbers of peripheral b cells. cd4+ t lymphopenia and an inverted cd4:cd8+ t-cell ratio may be present. here we report 5 patients with gs and infectious complications who were seen at 3 institutions between 1983 and 1999. three patients had recurrent sinopulmonary infections, 3 had severe cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease, and 1 had pneumocystis carinii ... | 2001 | 11307588 |
| reappraisal of the aetiology and prognostic factors of severe acute respiratory failure in hiv patients. | the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors in 1996 has changed the morbidity and mortality of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. therefore, the aetiologies and prognostic factors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with life-threatening respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit (icu) admission need to be reassessed. from 1993 to 1998, we prospectively evaluated 57 hiv patients (mean+/-sem age 36.5+/-1.3 yrs) admitted t ... | 2001 | 11307762 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a cavalier king charles spaniel. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by postmortem examination of a one-year-old cavalier king charles spaniel with four-week history of dyspnea. cytologic and histologic examination of lung tissues revealed numerous p. carinii trophozoites and cysts, and p. carinii specific dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction. the dog showed hypogammagloblinemia and extremely low levels of serum igg. it was considered that p. carinii pneumonia in this case was associated with an immunodeficien ... | 2001 | 11307943 |
| anti-inflammatory treatment of acute and chronic pneumonia. | the inflammatory response to infection is necessary for host defense but can contribute to the systemic toxicity and lung injury that may result from pneumonia. in some settings, adjunctive treatment of lower respiratory infections with anti-inflammatory agents can reduce morbidity. corticosteroids have a well-documented role in the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. corticosteroids also were found to reduce systemic symptoms o ... | 2001 | 11309715 |
| complications during clinical courses of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to describe the incidence of complications before and during therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 2001 | 11310488 |
| pneumocystosis in wild small mammals from california. | cyst forms of the opportunistic fungal parasite pneumocystis carinii were found in the lungs of 34% of the desert shrew, notiosorex crawfordi (n = 59), 13% of the ornate shrew, sorex ornatus (n = 55), 6% of the dusky-footed wood rat, neotoma fuscipes (n = 16), 2.5% of the california meadow vole, microtus californicus (n = 40), and 50% of the california pocket mouse, chaetodipus californicus (n = 2) caught from southern california between february 1998 and february 2000. cysts were not found in a ... | 2001 | 11310900 |
| real time quantitative pcr and rt--pcr for analysis of pneumocystis carinii hominis. | pneumocystis carinii hominis is a common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and particularly in those infected by hiv. giemsa- and gomori--grocott-stained smears are widely used for detection and quantification of this opportunistic fungus obtained from biological samples or from in vitro culture. but these methods are fastidious and time-consuming. thus, instead of performing a count of organisms, we focused our attention on the level of specific dna by a quantitative pcr techniqu ... | 2001 | 11311396 |
| neonatal t cells in an adult lung environment are competent to resolve pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | initiation of the pulmonary inflammatory response to pneumocystis carinii is delayed by 3 wk in mice infected as neonates compared with adults. there was no difference in the proliferative response of draining lymph node t cells from mice infected as neonates compared with adults when stimulated in vitro with either con a or anti-cd3 mab: however, tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma mrna expression in the lungs of p. carinii-infected neonates was significantly lower than in adults indicating a lack of appro ... | 2001 | 11313412 |
| value of limited necropsy in hiv-positive patients. | we performed limited autopsy with histological examination of tissue cores obtained percutaneously using the tru-cut needle and the jamshidi trocar in 150 adult hiv-positive patients. data were compared retrospectively with the antemortem clinical diagnosis. eighty-one percent of the patients were male, and 78% were intravenous drug users. specimens were obtained from the brain, liver, lung, bone marrow, and kidney of most patients. the main findings included liver cirrhosis in 22 cases (associa ... | 2001 | 11314779 |
| surfactant protein d and kl-6 as serologic indicators of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised patients is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality. serum levels of surfactant protein d (sp-d) and kl-6 are useful biomarkers for understanding some pulmonary inflammatory responses in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf). we present a child with pcp following bone marrow transplantation (bmt) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), for whom both sp-d and kl-6 in sera were simultaneously measured through the ... | 2001 | 11321887 |
| early versus deferred zidovudine monotherapy: impact on aids-free time and survival in the multicenter aids cohort study. | the objective of this study was to compare the time to aids and to death between men receiving zidovudine therapy before or not before the diagnosis of aids. for the time to aids comparison, 821 men receiving zidovudine therapy before the diagnosis of aids were pair matched with men who did not receive zidovudine therapy until after diagnosis on their cd4 cell count (+/- 75 cells/mm3), haemoglobin level (+/- 0.75 g/dl), number of clinical symptoms and study visit at the time of initiation of zid ... | 1997 | 11322263 |
| internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii from monkeys. | analysis of sequence variations among isolates of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. macacae from 14 indian rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) at the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna gene was undertaken. like those from p. carinii f. sp. hominis, the its sequences from various p. carinii f. sp. macacae isolates were not identical. two major types of sequences were found. one type of sequence was shared by 13 isolates. these 13 sequences were homologous but not identical. varia ... | 2001 | 11329448 |
| resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | sulfonamides have a glorious history. in 1935, they were the first class of true antimicrobial agents with life-saving potency. today, 66 years later, increased bacterial resistance to sulfonamides and to trimethoprim (tmp), a synthetic antimicrobial agent that is 30 years younger than sulfonamides, has limited their use to only a few indications. in the treatment and prophylaxis of patients with urinary tract infections, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) or tmp alone is still considered t ... | 2001 | 11340533 |
| white spots syndromes. | the different types of white spots occurring in the fundus are analysed. a. acute white spots, vanishing later on. 1. multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. 2. cat scratch disease. 3. aids microangiopathy. 4. cotton-wool spots. 5. acute vitelliform maculopathy. b. acute white spots with coalescence and diffuse scarring. 1. acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. 2. serpiginous choroïditis (geographic choroïditis). 3. herpes retinitis. c. acute white spots becoming white scars ... | 2001 | 11344717 |
| genotypes of clustered cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | reports of outbreaks of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among human immunodeficiency virus-negative immunocompromised patients have suggested a person-to-person transmission of p. carinii. in this study, 17 bronchoalveolar lavage isolates from patients in 3 pcp outbreaks were genotyped, 2 in renal transplant recipients and 1 outbreak among patients with haematological disorders. genotypes in the p. carinii sp. f. hominis (p. carinii f.sp. hominis) mt large subunit ribosomal rna site 85 were ... | 2001 | 11345221 |
| risk factors for prophylaxis failure in patients receiving aerosol pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. | the purposes of this study were (1) to determine the incidence of prophylaxis failure in hiv-infected patients receiving aerosol pentamidine (ap) for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, and (2) to identify risk factors for pcp prophylaxis failure. | 2001 | 11348949 |
| application of fluorescent in situ hybridization for specific diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in foals and pigs. | fluorescent in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and grocott's methenamine-silver nitrate staining were compared as diagnostic methods for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in formalin-fixed lung tissue from foals and pigs. an oligonucleotide probe targeting 18s ribosomal rna of p. carinii was designed for in situ hybridization, and a commercially available monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemistry. samples from six foals and 10 pigs with p. carinii pneumonia, as verified by gro ... | 2001 | 11355656 |
| approaches to solving the rigid receptor problem by identifying a minimal set of flexible residues during ligand docking. | using fixed receptor sites derived from high-resolution crystal structures in structure-based drug design does not properly account for ligand-induced enzyme conformational change and imparts a bias into the discovery and design of novel ligands. we sought to facilitate the design of improved drug leads by defining residues most likely to change conformation, and then defining a minimal manifold of possible conformations of a target site for drug design based on a small number of identified flex ... | 2001 | 11358692 |
| [clinical analysis of pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | this clinical analysis is made to achieve a better understanding of the opportunistic infection of patients with aids, especially pulmonary infection. | 1998 | 11360501 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a pediatric perspective. | 1995 | 11361390 | |
| trimetrexate glucuronate associated with anti-kaposi sarcoma effect. | trimetrexate glucuronate, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor related to methotrexate, was developed by parke-davis as an alternative antineoplastic agent for tumors, especially sarcomas, that had developed resistance to methotrexate. this is a report on a patient with aids who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which was treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (bactrim) with poor response, then with pentamidine with poor response, and finally with trimetrexate glucuronate (neutrexin) ... | 1996 | 11361514 |
| outcome and survival in hiv-infected infants with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure. | a retrospective chart review (january 1987-december 1994) of cases of histologically proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 9 infants (ages 1.1-7 months) who had perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency-1 virus (hiv) infection was performed. none of the children was suspected of having hiv or had received pcp prophylaxis. respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation developed in all 9 children. comparison of survivors (5) with nonsurvivors (4) showed no significant differences ... | 1996 | 11361582 |
| attitudes and practices of physicians caring for hiv-infected children. | the objective of our study was to describe the practices and attitudes of physicians who manage children with hiv infection. | 1996 | 11361585 |
| small airways dysfunction in patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | abnormalities of small airways function may have clinical relevance in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) since obstructive dysfunction at alveolar levels may impede delivery of aerosolized medication. this study was designed to determine if small airways dysfunction is present in aids patients with pcp despite normal standard spirometric results. | 1996 | 11361652 |
| current management practices in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1996 | 11361688 | |
| the use of genetic markers to characterize transmission of pneumocystis carinii. | 1997 | 11361786 | |
| failure of prophylaxis against pcp in patients with hiv infection. | since the end of the 1980s, primary anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis has become a fundamental part of the global aids control strategy in industrialized countries. the widespread adoption of anti-pcp chemoprophylaxis has been a key element in prolonging the survival of patients with aids. there is general agreement on the need to begin chemoprophylaxis when individual cd4+ cell counts drop below the value of 200/microl. however, pcp still develops in up to 27% of susceptible ... | 1998 | 11362040 |
| temporal trends in aids-related survival. | although research indicates that aids-related survival has improved over calendar time, studies of temporal aids-related survival patterns are often confounded by the stage of aids diagnosis. the objective of the present study was therefore to assess temporal trends in aids-related survival from clinical indicators other than point of aids diagnosis. the study sample consisted of 2126 adult hiv-positive patients who were treated between 1987 and 1996 at a large southwestern academic medical cent ... | 1999 | 11362081 |
| study questions increasing cost of intensive care of pneumocystis. | according to a new study, intensive care for aids patients with severe pneumonia is becoming so expensive that policy makers may decide to ration or refuse treatments. researchers at the university of california-san francisco (ucsf) found that it costs an average of $215,000 to extend by one year the life of an aids patient who is treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a hospital's intensive care unit. this is twice as much as comparable care cost in 1988. aids patients are survivin ... | 1995 | 11362220 |
| management of late-stage aids grows more complex. | the question of what to do for patients with late-stage aids becomes more complicated as new research reinforces the value of early treatment and prophylaxis for hiv patients. decisions ranging from cost and quality of life to toxicity and multiple drug interactions all must be taken into account. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) still is the most common adverse event in the last six months of life, with wasting syndrome being second, followed closely by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and ... | 1995 | 11362247 |