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male primer endocrine responses to preovulatory female cyprinids under natural conditions in sweden.this study investigated two related aspects of male-female reproductive interactions in the family cyprinidae: (1) whether ovulating female rudd scardinius erythrophthalmus (subfamily leuciscinae) induce endocrine and gonadal priming responses in conspecific males, a phenomenon which has been described only in species from the subfamily cyprininae such as goldfish, carassius auratus, crucian carp carassius carassius and common carp, cyprinus carpio and (2) whether the stimuli mediating these res ...201222220895
morphological, physiological and behavioural response patterns of carp gudgeon hypseleotris spp. to food deprivation: implications for assessing health.morphological (growth, fulton's condition factor), physiological (per cent dry mass, total lipid content) and behavioural (activity levels) response patterns of carp gudgeon hypseleotris spp. were examined in response to food deprivation during a 56 day experiment. considerable variability in the nature and magnitude of these response patterns was observed, suggesting that caution should be taken when interpreting changes in the health of small-bodied fishes based on individual response variable ...201222220900
risk-benefit evaluation of fish from chinese markets: nutrients and contaminants in 24 fish species from five big cities and related assessment for human health.the risks and benefits of fish from markets in chinese cities have not previously been fully evaluated. in the present study, 24 common fish species with more than 400 individual samples were collected from markets from five big chinese cities in 2007. the main nutrients and contaminants were measured and the risk-benefit was evaluated based on recommended nutrient intakes and risk level criteria set by relevant authorities. the comprehensive effects of nutrients and contaminants in marine oily ...201222225822
molecular cloning and expression of two β-defensin and two mucin genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and their up-regulation after β-glucan feeding.in this study, we described the partial structure, mrna tissue distribution and regulation of two carp mucin and two β-defensin genes. this is the first description of these genes in fish. the genes might provide relevant tools to monitor feed-related improvements of fish health under aquaculture conditions. carp mucin 2 and mucin 5b genes show a high similarity to their mammalian and avian counterparts. the carp β-defensin 1 and β-defensin 2 genes cluster together well with their piscine family ...201222227003
pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide and its metabolites in crucian carp (carassius auratus) after oral administration.the pharmacokinetics and residues elimination of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide (abzso) and its metabolites were studied in healthy crucian carp (carassius auratus, 250 ± 30 g) kept at water temperatures of 10 °c and 25 °c. the concentrations of abzso and its metabolites concentration in plasma and tissues were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using an ultraviolet detector. the results revealed that the plasma concentration of abzso in plasma was significan ...201222227164
effects of microcystin-containing cyanobacterial extract on hematological and biochemical parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to assess the effects of a cyanobacterial extract containing microcystins (mcs) on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), as well as to determine the accumulation of toxins in fish tissues. the fish were immersed for 5 days in water containing toxins at a final concentration of 12 μg/l of microcystin lr equivalent. microcystin lr residues were detected in fish liver, reaching 207, 238 and 260 ng/g f.w. of the tissues taken ...201222228075
the effects of dissolved oxygen levels on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in cyprinid fishes with different locomotive and digestive performances.to test whether the effects of water oxygen concentration ([o(2)]) on the metabolic interaction between locomotion and digestion differ between fish species with different locomotive and digestive behaviours in normoxia, we investigated the swimming performance of fasted and fed fish at water [o(2)] of 1, 2 and 8 (normoxia) mg l(-1) (2.5, 5 and 20 kpa) at 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). ...201222234476
assessment of copper and zinc levels in fish from freshwater ecosystems of moldova.the aim of this work was to assess the levels of copper and zinc in fish from the main freshwater ecosystems of moldova, in relation with species, habitat, age, sex, season, and development stage.201222234853
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on activity and transcription of glutathione s-transferase in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).glutathione s-transferase isoenzymes (gsts) play a critical role in detoxification pathways. here we report the tissue distribution of four antioxidant gsts gene in common carp, and their expression profiles. we also investigated the gsts activity in different tissues after exposure to the agricultural chemicals atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf), and their mixture. relative changes in the mrna abundance of the gst isoforms were examined by real time pcr in liver, brain, kidney and gill of commo ...201222236720
editorial focus: myoglobin-2, an adaptation for life at low oxygen pressure. focus on: "functional differentiation of myoglobin isoforms in the hypoxia-tolerant carp". 201222237594
determination of hypoxia and dietary copper mediated sub-lethal toxicity in carp, cyprinus carpio, at different levels of biological organisation.hypoxic events frequently occur in the aquatic environment in association with micro pollutants, including heavy metals. only a few studies are however available on the uptake and biological responses of heavy metals under hypoxic conditions. to elucidate the phenomenon, mirror carp cyprinus carpio l. (16.13-16.22 g) were exposed chronically to dietary copper (cu; 250 and 500 mg kg dry wt.(-1)) for 30 d under normoxic (8.25 mg o(2) l(-1)) and hypoxic (~3 mg o(2) l(-1)) conditions and adopting an ...201222239943
bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and hsp70 expression in cyprinus carpio l. exposed to microcystin-lr under laboratory conditions.microcystin-lr (mc-lr) produced by cyanobacteria are potent specific hepatotoxins. so far the pathogenesis of environmental mc-lr toxicity to aquatic organisms has not been fully elucidated. in the present study the accumulation of mc-lr was investigated in various organs/tissues of cyprinus carpio l. (c. carpio) following exposure to mc-lr for 14 d at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1 to 10 μg l(-1)). results showed that the presence of mc-lr enhanced toxin accumulation in all invest ...201222240489
biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in high-back crucian carp exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluents.endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) found in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents have been shown to cause adverse effects, but the uptake of edcs from effluents (measured in fish muscle) are not known. in this study, the biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic edcs were assessed in high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed to wwtp effluents for 141 days. compared with fish controls caged in dianchi lake, a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index ( ...201222243881
effects of graded levels of dietary methionine hydroxy analogue on immune response and antioxidant status of immune organs in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).immune response and antioxidant status of immune organs in juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (mha) (0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg(-1) diet) for 60 days were investigated. results indicated that head kidney index, spleen index, red and white blood cell counts significantly increased with increasing mha levels up to a point (p < 0.05), whereupon decreased (p < 0.05). glutathione reductase activity in head kidney and spleen, anti-hy ...201222245840
orally administered thermostable n-acyl homoserine lactonase from bacillus sp. strain ai96 attenuates aeromonas hydrophila infection in zebrafish.n-acylated homoserine lactone (ahl) lactonases are capable of degrading signal molecules involved in bacterial quorum sensing and therefore represent a new approach to control bacterial infection. here a gene responsible for the ahl lactonase activity of bacillus sp. strain ai96, 753 bp in length, was cloned and then expressed in escherichia coli. the deduced amino acid sequence of bacillus sp. ai96 aiia (aiia(ai96)) is most similar to those of other bacillus sp. ahl lactonases (~80% sequence id ...201222247159
common carp implanted with prostaglandin f2α release a sex pheromone complex that attracts conspecific males in both the laboratory and field.when ovulated, female fish of many species are known to release a f-prostaglandin-derived sex pheromone that attracts conspecific males. recently, this pheromone was identified in the common carp as a mixture of prostaglandin f(2α) (pgf(2α)) and unidentified body metabolites, which we termed a 'pheromone complex.' the present study sought to test the activity of this pheromone complex in the field by developing a system using carps implanted with pgf(2α) as pheromone donors. an initial experimen ...201222273741
feeding cyprinus carpio with infectious materials mediates cyprinid herpesvirus 3 entry through infection of pharyngeal periodontal mucosa.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), also known as koi herpesvirus, is the etiological agent of a mortal disease in common and koi carp. recently, we investigated the entry of cyhv-3 in carp using bioluminescence imaging and a cyhv-3 recombinant strain expressing luciferase (luc). we demonstrated that the skin is the major portal of entry after inoculation of carp by immersion in water containing cyhv-3. while this model of infection mimics some natural conditions in which infection takes place, oth ...201222276598
fish welfare assurance system: initial steps to set up an effective tool to safeguard and monitor farmed fish welfare at a company level.the objective was to take a first step in the development of a process-oriented quality assurance (qa) system for monitoring and safeguarding of fish welfare at a company level. a process-oriented approach is focused on preventing hazards and involves establishment of critical steps in a process that requires careful control. the seven principles of the hazard analysis critical control points (haccp) concept were used as a framework to establish the qa system. haccp is an internationally agreed ...201222278705
transcriptome analysis of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by paired-end rna sequencing.the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is among the most intensively pond-cultured fish species and is used in the wild to counteract water bloom in china. however, little genomic information is available for this species, especially regarding its ability to grow rapidly in water, even water contaminated with high concentrations of poisonous microcystin. in this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of the 17.10 million short-read sequences produced by the illumi ...201222279088
bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenyl ethane in fish from a river system in a highly industrialized area, south china.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe) were determined in water, sediment, and three fish species from the dongjiang river, a highly polluted river by brominated flame retardants in south china due to the intensive industry activities. the stable isotope analysis was used to compare differences between the feeding ecology of the fish species. the bioaccumulations of pbdes and dbdpe were evaluated by calculation of bioaccumulation factors (bafs) and biota-sedi ...201222285078
molecular basis for clinical heterogeneity in inherited cardiomyopathies due to myopalladin mutations.abnormalities in z-disc proteins cause hypertrophic (hcm), dilated (dcm) and/or restrictive cardiomyopathy (rcm), but disease-causing mechanisms are not fully understood. myopalladin (mypn) is a z-disc protein expressed in striated muscle and functions as a structural, signaling and gene expression regulating molecule in response to muscle stress. mypn was genetically screened in 900 patients with hcm, dcm and rcm, and disease-causing mechanisms were investigated using comparative immunohistoche ...201222286171
erythrocyte damage of crucian carp (carassius auratus) caused by microcystin-lr: in vitro study.fish suffer from anemia and hypovolemic hypotensive shock after in vivo exposure with microcystins.however, except for in vivo causes for anemia and hypotension, an in vitro study of fish erythrocytes exposed to mc is necessary. for a better understanding of hematology toxicity of mc, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of microcystin on fish erythrocytes in vitro. crucian carp erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with microcystin-lr (mc-lr) at doses of 0, 1, 1 ...201222286870
effect of timing of hormonal induction on reproductive activity in lambari (astyanax bimaculatus).the objective was to evaluate the influence of the timing of hormonal induction, using gonadorelin or common carp pituitary extract (cpe), on the reproductive activity of female astyanax bimaculatus. fish (n = 44) were weighed, measured, and acclimatized to experimental conditions with a photoperiod of 12 h:12 h light:dark (l:d) for 10 days. ovulation was induced with a single dose of cpe (6 mg/kg) or gonadorelin (80 μg/kg), given at 12:00 (halfway through the light phase (lp) or 24:00 (halfway ...201222289217
[composition of leucocytes of the head kidney of the crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (cypriniformes: cyprinidae) as affected by invasion of cestode digramma interrupta (cestoda; pseudophyllidea)].the composition of leucocytes of the head kidney is studied in the crucian carps (carassius auratus) either contaminated or uncontaminated with digramma interrupta. the composition of leucocytes in the pronephros of the crucian carp from lake baikal basin has a lymphoid character. compared to the crucian carp from the european part of russia, in the fish from baikal the granulocytopoetic processes are more pronounced. this is proved by the high content of young forms of granulocytes. in the fish ...201622292296
expressed sequences and polymorphisms in rohu carp (labeo rohita, hamilton) revealed by mrna-seq.expressed genes and polymorphisms were identified in lines of rohu labeo rohita selected for resistance or susceptibility to aeromonas hydrophila, an important bacterial pathogen causing aeromoniasis. all animals were grown in a common environment and rna from ten individuals from each line pooled for illumina mrna-seq. de novo transcriptome assembly produced 137,629 contigs with 40× average coverage.forty-four percent of the assembled sequences were annotated with gene names and ontology terms. ...201222298294
effect of chronic exposure to simazine on oxidative stress and antioxidant response in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).we investigated the chronic effect of simazine, an s-triazine herbicide commonly present in aquatic environments, on the antioxidant system and oxidative stress indices in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of 0.06 μg l(-1) (environmental concentration in czech rivers), 2 mg l(-1), and 4 mg l(-1) for 14, 28 and 60 days. indices of oxidative stress [reactive oxygen species (ros), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars)], and antioxidant parame ...201222301164
identification and profiling of micrornas from skeletal muscle of the common carp.the common carp is one of the most important cultivated species in the world of freshwater aquaculture. the cultivation of this species is particularly productive due to its high skeletal muscle mass; however, the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development in the common carp remain unknown. it has been shown that a class of non-coding ∼22 nucleotide rnas called micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in vertebrate development. they regulate gene expression through sequence-specific inte ...201222303472
comparing the levels of trace metal from two fish species harvested from treated waste water in pretoria, south africa.the persistent problem of water scarcity with the ever increasing demand of water has necessitated the reuse of effluent in agriculture. the present study evaluated the reuse of treated waste water and bioaccumulation properties of two fish species from a manmade lake. trace metals content of two fish species: clarias gariepinus and cyprinus carpio and levels of trace metals from waste water in the lake where the fish species were harvested were determined by inductive couple plasma-optical emis ...201122303642
laboratory experiment on the determination of radiostrontium transfer parameter in water - fish compartment system.a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the water - fish transfer parameter of radiostrontium that potentially contaminate human body through water - fish - human pathway in the nuclear accident cases. in this experiment, carp fish (cyprinus carpio), generally produced and consumed by indonesian people, were cultured in a tank filled with 500 l water contaminated with (85)sr for two months. the observation of fish growth and radioactivity were conducted every five days by taking up ...201222306861
distribution and organization of different cells lining the olfactory epithelium of the indian minor carp, labeo bata (hamilton 1822): a light and scanning electron microscopic analysis.the olfactory epithelium of adult labeo bata (hamilton) has been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. the oval shaped olfactory rosette consists of 26 to 28 primary lamellae arranged on both side of the median leaf like raphe. the middle dorsal portion of the lamellae is provided with linguiform processes. this linguiform process is occupied by sensory epithelium and characterized by the presence of two types of receptor cells, ciliated and with microvillous cells. the apical and b ...201122308657
bioaccumulation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in carp (cyprinus carpio) in a water/sediment microcosm: important role of particulate matter exposure.microcosms were built up to simulate a pond system with polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) contaminated sediment and bioorganisms. the microcosms were divided into groups a and b. in group a, both benthic invertebrates (tubificid worms) and carp (cyprinu carpio) were added, while in group b, only fish were added. after exposure for 20 d, the fish were sampled (exposure i). a net was fixed in the microcosms, and new fish were added (exposure ii). these fish were prohibited from contacting the s ...201222313265
development of an accelerated solvent extraction, ultrasonic derivatisation lc-ms/ms method for the determination of the marker residues of nitrofurans in freshwater fish.a rapid method using accelerated solvent extraction (ase) and ultrasound enhanced derivatisation has been developed for the quantitative determination of metabolites of nitrofurans, namely 3-amino-2-oxalidinone (aoz), 5-morpholinomethyl-3-amino-2-oxalidinone (amoz), 1-amino-hydantoin (ahd) and semicarbazide (sem), in muscle and skin of carp and finless eel. the target analytes were extracted using ase, ultrasonic derivatisation for 1 h and then purified by solid phase extraction. averaged decisi ...201222320705
response of the chromatophores in relation to the healing of skin wounds in an indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton).chromatophores show significant changes during healing of skin wounds in labeo rohita (common name--rohu). wound area can be divided into regions i, ii and iii. after infliction of wound, skin colour becomes significantly dark by 2h that is gradually restored by 2d. in regions ii and iii at 5 min, epidermal melanophores appear with beaded dendrites. in these regions at 2h and in region i at 6h, epidermal melanophores appear small, rounded or irregular shaped having dendritic processes with aggre ...201222321648
influence of altered photoperiods on serum melatonin and its receptors (mt1 and mt2) in the brain, retina, and ovary in carp catla catla.daily variation in melatonin receptor (mt1 and mt2) density in three specific tissues-brain, retina, and ovary-and its temporal relationship with serum melatonin were evaluated for the first time in a freshwater teleost, the carp catla catla, under natural as well as altered photoperiods in different reproductive phases of the annual cycle. cosinor analysis was used to determine rhythmic features of the serum melatonin and receptors (mt1 and mt2) in different tissues. in each photoperiodic group ...201222324556
human chorionic gonadotropin suppresses expression of piwis in common carp (cyprinus carpio) ovaries.piwi proteins are required for germline maintenance and gonad development. in this study, the cdnas encoding piwil1 and piwil2 were cloned and sequenced from the common carp. the full-length cdna of piwil1 and piwil2 were 3114 and 3421bp, encoding 858 and 1034 amino acids including paz domain and piwi domain, respectively. in addition, the piwil1 and piwil2 proteins shared high homology with other teleosts. reverse transcriptase pcr revealed that the piwi mrnas were exclusively expressed in adul ...201222330051
high levels of corticosterone, and gene expression of star, cyp17a2, hsd3b, cyp21, hsd11b2 during acute stress in common carp with interrenal hyperplasia.we investigated the acute stress response in a common carp strain (e5) with interrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, and in an isogenic standard (std) carp strain. cortisol, corticosterone and the head kidney-somatic index were measured during and after a 3 h net confinement stress. star, cyp17a2, hsd3b, cyp21, hsd11b2 mrna levels were measured in head kidneys using real-time qpcr. the results show very high corticosterone levels and enlargement of the head kidney in e5 fish. th ...201222333211
on the mechanical behavior of scales from cyprinus carpio.the present paper describes an experimental evaluation on the mechanical behavior of fish scales from cyprinus carpio using a novel experimental approach. scales were obtained from three different positions about the body (head, mid-length and tail) and as a function of moisture (from hydrated to fully dehydrated). mechanical properties were determined from uniaxial tension experiments where the full-field deformation behavior was quantified using microscopic digital image correlation (dic). res ...201222340681
the ligand specificity of the g-protein-coupled receptor gpr34.lyso-ps (lyso-phosphatidylserine) has been shown to activate the g(i/o)-protein-coupled receptor gpr34. since in vitro and in vivo studies provided controversial results in assigning lyso-ps as the endogenous agonist for gpr34, we investigated the evolutionary conservation of agonist specificity in more detail. except for some fish gpr34 subtypes, lyso-ps has no or very weak agonistic activity at most vertebrate gpr34 orthologues investigated. using chimaeras we identified single positions in th ...201222348703
evaluation of immunostimulatory and growth promoting effect of seed fractions of achyranthes aspera in common carp cyprinus carpio and identification of active constituents.immunostimulatory and growth promoting properties of achyranthes aspera seeds were studied with larvae of common carp cyprinus carpio. four experimental diets were prepared using raw (d1) and alcohol (d2), petroleum ether (d3) and 50% aqueous alcohol (d4) extracts of a. aspera seeds. diet without seed served as control (d5). fish were fed with test/control diet for 30 days and then immunized with 10 μl of c-rbc. blood samples were collected 7 days after immunization. survival (93 ± 3%) of fish w ...201222348815
reaction temperature alters chorzoxazone metabolism in carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatic microsomes.the study aimed to study the influence of different reaction temperatures on the carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatic cyps activity. six groups of carp hepatic microsomes were incubated with probe drug (chorzoxazone) at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°c separately. according to the principle of enzyme kinetics theory, the michaelis constant (k (m)) value and maximum reaction velocity (v (max)) of cyps (with czx as probe) were obtained. the cyps activity at different reaction temperatures was compared. in res ...201222350521
the efficacy of chromium as a growth enhancer for mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l): an integrated study using biochemical, genetic, and histological responses.a growth trial was conducted on juvenile mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) for 8 weeks to compare the efficacy of three chromium (cr) compounds (cr chloride, cr picolinate, and cr yeast) at a level 0.5 mg/kg as a potential growth enhancer. in addition, a high level of cr (2.0 mg/kg) as cr chloride has also been added in parallel for comparison. all cr fortified diets at a level 0.5 mg/kg produced superior growth for carp compared to the control group and the group fed the high level of cr chlorid ...201222351105
testing strength of biotic resistance against an introduced fish: inter-specific competition or predation through facultative piscivory?biotic resistance is the process where aspects of the receiving environment inhibit the establishment and invasion of an introduced species. resistance against an introduced fish can be through strong competition and/or predation from resident fishes. here, the biotic resistance against introduced topmouth gudgeon pseudorasbora parva (a highly invasive fish in europe) by resident carp cyprinus carpio was tested in experimental mesocosms. the introduction scenario was six adult p. parva (three ma ...201222363711
population-level metrics of trophic structure based on stable isotopes and their application to invasion ecology.biological invasions are a significant driver of human-induced global change and many ecosystems sustain sympatric invaders. interactions occurring among these invaders have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, yet they are poorly understood. here we apply newly developed metrics derived from stable isotope data to provide quantitative measures of trophic diversity within populations or species. we then use these to test the hypothesis that sympatric invaders belonging ...201222363724
[eels, carp, bream and other pyralenes ]. 201222364081
acute and sublethal effects in an indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala exposed to silver nitrate: gill na+/k+-atpase, plasma electrolytes and biochemical alterations.due to prolonged use of silver in many applications, it enters into the freshwater and affects the aquatic organisms. fingerlings of cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to acute and sublethal concentrations of silver nitrate and the alterations of gill na(+)/k(+)-atpase, plasma electrolytes and biochemical parameters were assessed. the median lethal concentration of silver nitrate to the fish c. mrigala for 96 h was found to be 0.107 mg/l (with 95% confidence limits). 1/10th of lc 50 96 h value (0.01 ...201222366066
concentration of infectious aquatic rhabdoviruses from freshwater and seawater using ultrafiltration.infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, and spring viremia of carp virus were concentrated and detected from freshwater and seawater samples by using hollow-fiber ultrafiltration. within 60 min, virus in a 50-l freshwater or saltwater sample was concentrated more than 70-fold, and virus retention efficiencies were consistently greater than 88%. retention efficiency was highly dependent upon concentrations of column blocking and sample stabilization sol ...201122372250
histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos.histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, cyprinus carpio, intoxicated with sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (o,o,-diethyl-o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) pesticide (1 and 100 μg/l) for a period of 14 days were analyzed under light microscope. gill exhibited hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill epithelium, blood congestion, dilation of marginal channel, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, lamellar disorganization, lamellar aneurysm, rupture of ...201222375590
strong population genetic structure and its management implications in the mud carp cirrhinus molitorella, an indigenous freshwater species subject to an aquaculture and culture-based fishery.this study investigated population genetic structure and diversity of mud carp cirrhinus molitorella, a species widely used in aquaculture and culture-based fisheries in china and mekong river riparian countries. seven newly developed and one published microsatellite dna markers were used to analyse samples from six wild locations, four hatchery broodstocks and one farmed site from the mekong, red and pearl rivers. significant genetic structure was detected in c. molitorella, with isolation-by-d ...201222380559
identification and expression analysis of fabp2 gene from common carp cyprinus carpio.two complementary (c)dna fragments, including the complete open reading frame of fabp2 from the common carp cyprinus carpio, were cloned by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). both were putative intestinal-type fabp genes, named fabp2a and fabp2b. fabp2b was mainly expressed in the intestine and the brain. this gene, however, was nearly not expressed in the liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. fabp2a was only expressed at a very low level in the intestine. western blot also s ...201222380561
structural changes in freshwater fish and chironomids exposed to bacterial exotoxins.mass fish mortalities have been reported in the past decade from british waters, often coinciding with blooms of filamentous actinobacteria, particularly strains of streptomyces griseus. the present study has shown that some fractions of the exudate of s. griseus, prepared after a series of high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) separations, and analysed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (lc-ms), induced pathological changes to the gills of carp and/or tench fry following exposure ...201222381615
heavy metal (cd, cr, cu, hg, pb, zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to fish size and location along the yangtze river.the objective of this paper is to assess the regulation of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aquatic environment and different fish species.201222382698
assessment of microcystin distribution and biomagnification in tissues of aquatic food web compartments from a shallow lake and evaluation of potential risks to public health.the objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystins in the main components of the food web (phytoplankton, zooplankton, crayfish, shrimp, mussel, snail, fish, frog) of lake pamvotis (nw greece), (2) to investigate the possibility of microcystin biomagnification and (3) to evaluate the potential threat of the contaminated aquatic organisms to human health. significant microcystin concentrations were detected in all the aquatic organisms during tw ...201222383140
evaluation of spatial and temporal changes in biomarker responses in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) for biomonitoring the meriç delta, turkey.the aim of this study is to examine the activity of several biomarkers in carp, cyprinus carpio l., to determine their response to xenobiotics, such as organochlorine pesticides (ocps), in the meriç delta. fish were collected from contaminated sites and from areas regarded as relatively less contaminated in four sampling periods. hepatic glutathione s-transferase (gst), carboxylesterase (cae), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and acid phosphatase activities were measured as bio ...201222387355
occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the haihe river in china.the occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones (fqs), nine sulfonamides (sas) and five macrolides (mls), in the haihe river were investigated. surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed by hplc-ms/ms. ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were found in all surface water samples. sas were the predominant antibiotics in surface water samples in the mainstream of haihe river, with the maximum conce ...201222402740
reduced inflammatory response to aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fed with β-glucan supplements.the objective of the present study was to determine the action of β-glucans as feed additives on the gene expression profile of some inflammatory-related cytokines from common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) during the early stages of a non-lethal bacterial infection with aeromonas salmonicida. β-glucan (macrogard(®)), was administered daily to carp (6 mg per kg body weight) in the form of supplemented commercial food pellets for 14 days prior to infection. control and treated fish were then intraperi ...201222406448
effect of cadmium chloride on metallothionein levels in carp.due to anthropogenic activities, heavy metals still represent a threat for various trophic levels. if aquatic animals are exposed to heavy metals, we can obviously observe considerable toxicity. it is well known that organisms treated with heavy metals synthesize low molecular mass compounds rich in cysteine. in this work the effects of cadmium chloride (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 mg/l) on common carp (cyprinus carpio) was investigated. we determined cadmium content in tissue of muscle, liver and ...200922408554
in vitro exposure to fullerene c(60) influences redox state and lipid peroxidation in brain and gills from cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).studies concerning the impact of nanomaterials, especially fullerene (c(60) ), in fresh water environments and their effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms are still scarce and conflicting. we aimed to assess in vitro effects of fullerene in brain and gill homogenates of carp cyprinus carpio, evaluating redox parameters. a fullerene suspension was prepared by continued stirring under fluorescent light during two months. the suspension concentration was measured by total carbon content an ...201222410840
dietary tryptophan changes serum stress markers, enzyme activity, and ions concentration of wild common carp cyprinus carpio exposed to ambient copper.effect of dietary tryptophan (trp) on copper toxicity was investigated in common carp, cyprinus carpio. fish were randomly distributed into two triplicate treatments (control and trp) and fed control (trp = 3.1 g kg(-1)) or trp (trp = 8.1 g kg(-1)) diets over a 2-week period. then, both treatments were subjected to 10 mg l(-1) copper sulfate over a 7-day period. mortality and serum cortisol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), sodium, potassium, and chlorid ...201222415861
effect of season on fatty acid composition and n-3/n-6 ratios of zander and carp muscle lipids in altinapa dam lake.in this study, seasonal variations on total fatty acid composition of carp, cyprinus carpio, and zander, sander lucioperca, muscle lipids in altinapa dam lake were determined. fish samples in 2 seasons (summer and winter) were obtained from altinapa dam lake in konya, turkey. polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be higher during the cold season than in the hot both in zander and carp. whereas the docosahexaenoic acid was high in zander both in summer and winter, in carp it was high only dur ...201122417340
structural stability of myosin rod from silver carp as affected by season.chymotrypsin digestion and circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopy were used to study the structural stability of myosin rods prepared from silver carp in summer and winter. differences in the thermal stability were clearly demonstrated by the chymotryptic digestion patterns and cd data obtained at ph 7.5 in 0.5 m kcl for myosin rods in both seasons, indicating the structural properties differed seasonally. in winter, the myosin rods were more susceptible to be cleaved into short (40 kda) subfragme ...201422417413
metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol a by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) are two major flame retardants that accumulate in fish tissues and are potentially toxic. their debrominated and oxidated derivatives were also reported in fish tissues although the sources of theses derivatives were unidentified. our study was to determine whether pbdes and tbbpa could be metabolized by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites were formed. liver microsomes and s9 ...201222417763
effects of carbon nanomaterials fullerene c₆₀ and fullerol c₆₀(oh)₁₈₋₂₂ on gills of fish cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) exposed to ultraviolet radiation.in consequence of their growing use and demand, the inevitable environmental presence of nanomaterials (nms) has raised concerns about their potential deleterious effects to aquatic environments. the carbon nm fullerene (c₆₀), which forms colloidal aggregates in water, and its water-soluble derivative fullerol (c₆₀(oh)₁₈₋₂₂), which possesses antioxidant properties, are known to be photo-excited by ultraviolet (uv) or visible light. to investigate their potential hazards to aquatic organisms upon ...201222417764
effects of ibuprofen on hematological, biochemical and enzymological parameters of blood in an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.in the present investigation, the most commonly used pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (ib) was exposed to an indian major carp cirrhinus mrigala under static bioassay method to estimate its toxicological effects for a period of 35 days. the median lethal concentration (lc 50) of ib to the fish c. mrigala for 24h was found to be 142 ppm. in sublethal treatment (1/10th of lc 50 24h value, 14.2 ppm), a significant decrease in erythrocyte (rbc), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (mchc) and plasma ...201222418069
[hybridization of crucian carp, carassius carassius (linnaeus, 1758), in ukrainian reservoirs and genetic structure of hybrids].hybridization of crucian carps carassius carassius in polyspecific crucian populations of reservoirs of ukraine and genetic structure of the hybrids were investigated using biochemical gene marking and cytometric procedure. the fact of wide hybridization between c. auratus and c. carassius was proved to be true by large number of hybrids which can form populations consisting only from hybrid individuals. hybrids c. auratus x c. carassius were diploid, tryploid and in exceptional cases tetraploid ...201222420218
mercury in coastal watersheds along the chinese northern bohai and yellow seas.the concentration of total mercury [hg] in waters, sediments and biota (carp and crabs) as well as the concentration of methyl mercury [mehg] in biota from upstream (surface water systems) and downstream (coastal and estuarine systems) areas within coastal watersheds along the chinese northern bohai and yellow seas were investigated. in most waters tested, the [hg] could have adverse effects on coastal wildlife. based on the chinese water quality standards for mercury, 67% of upstream waters can ...201222421344
effects of carbofuran and deltamethrin on acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and muscle of the common carp.this work investigated the effect from exposure to insecticides carbofuran and deltamethrin on acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity in the brain and muscle of common carp (cyprinus carpio). both pesticides were evaluated through two separate experiments, and carp were exposed in a semi-static system to three different concentrations of carbofuran (10, 50, and 100 μg/l) and deltamethrin (0.08, 0.4, and 0.8 μg/l) during a month with sampling times at 0, 4, 15, and 30 days (n = 7 from each aquarium ...201422422543
transcriptome analysis reveals the time of the fourth round of genome duplication in common carp (cyprinus carpio).common carp (cyprinus carpio) is thought to have undergone one extra round of genome duplication compared to zebrafish. transcriptome analysis has been used to study the existence and timing of genome duplication in species for which genome sequences are incomplete. large-scale transcriptome data for the common carp genome should help reveal the timing of the additional duplication event.201222424280
oxidative stress responses in different organs of carp (cyprinus carpio) with exposure to zno nanoparticles.changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (gsh) content and levels of lipid peroxidation (lpo) in gill, liver, brain and intestine of juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) were evaluated after exposure to different concentrations (0.5, 5.0 and 50.0mg/l) of waterborne nano-zno for 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 day. the results showed that the variation trendency of antioxidant ...201222425733
metals in edible fish from vistula river and dead vistula river channel, baltic sea.metals including al, ba, ca, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, k, mg, mn, na, ni, pb, sr and zn were determined in muscle tissue of 12 fish species by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (icp-aes) and cold vapour-atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas). fish were collected from vistula river at lower course and dead vistula river channel in south of baltic sea in poland. the fish species examined include round goby (neogobius melanostomus), crucian carp (carassius carassius), bull-rout ...201222428891
histopathological changes and antioxidant response in brain and kidney of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.we investigated oxidative stress response and histopathological changes in the brain and kidney of the common carp after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, alone or in combination, and a 20-d recovery. superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activities and malondialdehyde (mda) content were measured using standard assays. our results indicated that exposure to atr, cpf or a combination of the two for 40 d induced significant changes in antioxidant enzyme (sod, ...201222436588
steps toward optimizing motion artifact removal in functional connectivity mri; a reply to carp. 201322440651
bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems.livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the european union (eu), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. the eu has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. as a result of ...200722444893
fullerene and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on fish brain antioxidant status.the carbon nanomaterial fullerene (c(60)) can act as anti or pro-oxidant. the aim of this study was to evaluate, in cell suspensions of carp brains (cyprinus carpio, cyprinidae), the effect of c(60) after a pre-treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufas) such as omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, dha) and omega-6 (linoleic acid, la). assays consisted of a pre-treatment with pufa (48 h) and then exposure to c(60) (2 h). cell viability and total anti-oxidant capacity did not differ (p > 0.05). a ...201222451341
expression analysis of heat shock genes in the skin, spleen and blood of common carp (cyprinus carpio) after cadmium exposure and hypothermia.heat shock proteins are chaperones that play a pivotal role in controling multiple regulatory pathways such as stress defense, hormone signaling, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. in this study, the expression patterns of four well-known heat shock genes (hsp70, hsc70-1, hsc70-2 and hsp90α) were characterized in the skin, spleen and blood cells of the common carp, under unstressed conditions and after cd2+ treatment or hypothermia. the examined genes were ...201222453797
achyranthes aspera enhances immunity and antigen clearance in common carp, cyprinus carpio l. 201222458776
pre-treating algae-laden raw water by silver carp during microcystis-dominated and non-microcystis-dominated periods.performance of pre-treating algae-laden raw water by silver carp during a non-microcystis-dominated period (period i) and a microcystis-dominated period (period ii) was investigated in terms of algae cell concentration, total phosphorus content, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton species structure. during period i the ineffective filter-feeding for small green algae resulted in the increase of small single algae, which led to the negative removal of chlorophyll a, and when the biomass was higher, t ...201222466592
pesticide pressure and fish farming in barrage pond in northeastern france. part iii: how management can affect pesticide profiles in edible fish?the quality of fish produced in ponds needs to be ensured. indeed, pond is often strongly connected to an agricultural watershed, and pesticides are a main health and environmental issue of concern. in this context, the purpose of this study is to highlight the management practices which could impact the pesticide contamination profiles in edible fish and to give recommendations for better practices.201322467231
a proteomics strategy for determining the synthesis and degradation rates of individual proteins in fish.in order to study the protein dynamics in the tissues of fish we have developed a proteomics-based strategy to determine the rates of synthesis and degradation of individual proteins. we have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by measuring the turnover of multiple isoforms of parvalbumin (β1-7) in the skeletal muscle of common carp (cyprinus carpio). a stable isotope-labelled amino acid ([(2)h(7)] l-leucine) was administered to the carp via the diet and its incorporation into the isof ...201222484057
comparison of bioconcentration and biomagnification factors for poorly water-soluble chemicals using common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).existing regulatory criteria for bioaccumulation assessment of chemicals are mainly based on a bioconcentration factors (bcf) not a biomagnification factors (bmf). we performed dietary exposure tests for nine poorly water-soluble chemicals and developed a linear regression between the 5 % lipid normalized bcf (bcf(l)) and the lipid-corrected bmf (bmf(l)). the bmf(l) of substances with bcf(l) = 5,000 was 0.31 (95 % ci 0.11-0.87), whereas the bcf(l) of substances with bmf(l) = 1 was 13,000 (95 % c ...201222484798
higher attack rate of fish-borne trematodes (heterophyidae) in common carp fingerlings (cyprinus carpio) at lower fish weight.fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzts) can cause pathology in humans. fish weight was reported as important risk factor for transmission from snail to fish. however, in fingerlings, the relation between fish weight and infection is unknown. aim was quantifying the effect of fish weight on infection probability, attack rate, and metacercariae burden of fzts in common carps (cyprinus carpio) between 1 and 20 g. fish were either used as controls (n = 66) or exposed to 250 parapleurolophocercous cerc ...201222488202
astragalin from cassia alata induces dna adducts in vitro and repairable dna damage in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.reverse phase-solid phase extraction from cassia alata leaves (carp) was used to obtain a refined extract. higher than wild-type sensitivity to carp was exhibited by 16 haploid saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with defects in dna repair and membrane transport. carp had a strong dpph free radical scavenging activity with an ic(50) value of 2.27 μg ml(-1) and showed no pro-oxidant activity in yeast. carp compounds were separated by hplc and the three major components were shown to bind to dna in v ...201222489129
a comparative study on the sensitivity of cyprinus carpio muscle and liver fbpase toward amp and calcium.the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase; ec 3.1.3.11) isozymes is influenced by amp, ca2+ and by reversible interactions with subcellular structures. in contrast to mammalian and avian isozymes, the kinetic properties of fbpases from ectothermal vertebrates are not fully described. to get some insight into mechanism of glycogen resynthesis in ectothermal vertebrates we examined the features of fbpases isolated from cyprinus carpio skeletal muscle and liver. to investigate the evoluti ...201222495200
an unusual variant of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis masquerading as tinea versicolor.confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (carp), also known as gougerot-carteaud syndrome, is a rare disorder. it usually presents as hyperkeratotic brown papules that coalesce into plaques with a reticulated periphery on the central trunk of young adults. confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is most often clinically confused with tinea versicolor and usually does not respond to therapy with antifungals. minocycline is the treatment of choice.201222508877
unique combination of 22q11 and 14qter microdeletion syndromes detected using oligonucleotide array-cgh.we report an infant with a unique combination of 22q11 deletion syndrome and 14q terminal deletion syndrome. the proband had clinical symptoms compatible with diagnosis of 22q11 deletion syndrome: microcephaly, micrognathia, high-arched palate, hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, square nasal root, prominent tubular nose, hypoplastic nasal alae, bulbous nasal tip, dysplastic low-set ears, short philtrum, and heart defect, but no cell-mediated immunodeficiency typical for the syndrome. g-ban ...201222511897
prey capture behavior of native vs. nonnative fishes: a case study from the colorado river drainage basin (usa).the colorado river drainage basin is home to a diverse but imperiled fish fauna; one putative challenge facing natives is competition with nonnatives. we examined fishes from colorado river tributaries to address the following questions: do natives and nonnatives from the same trophic guild consume the same prey items? will a given species alter its behavior when presented with different prey types? do different species procure the same prey types via similar feeding behaviors? roundtail chub (g ...201222514041
characterization of common carp transcriptome: sequencing, de novo assembly, annotation and comparative genomics.common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important aquaculture species of cyprinidae with an annual global production of 3.4 million tons, accounting for nearly 14% of the freshwater aquaculture production in the world. due to the economical and ecological importance of common carp, genomic data are eagerly needed for genetic improvement purpose. however, there is still no sufficient transcriptome data available. the objective of the project is to sequence transcriptome deeply and provid ...201222514716
steroidogenic response of carp ovaries to piscine fsh and lh depends on the reproductive phase.the gonadotropins (gths) follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) are the key regulators of reproduction. we determined the competence of heterologous recombinant gths at eliciting steroid secretion from carp ovaries at different reproductive stages. we collected carp ovaries at: early, mid and end vitellogenesis, when most of the oocytes still contained a germinal vesicle (gv) at a central stage, and mature ovaries with a migrating gv. plasma estradiol (e2) levels at earl ...201222522050
development and validation of a range of endogenous controls to support the implementation of practical taqman real-time pcr-based surveillance for fish diseases within aquaculture.the use of taqman real-time pcr-based technology has recently become more frequent in the detection of pathogens in the aquaculture industry. this interest has necessitated the development of robust and reliable pathogen-detection assays. the development of a range of endogenous control assays to be run alongside these diagnostic assays works to further increase confidence in the latter. this study describes the design of a range of endogenous control assays based on the elongation factor 1-α (e ...201222524565
bioaccumulation of six pcb indicator congeners in a heavily polluted water reservoir in eastern slovakia: tissue-specific distribution in fish and their parasites.concentrations of six indicator pcb congeners (iupac nos. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were measured in several organs and adipose tissue of a freshwater predatory fishes (european perch, northern pike, pike perch, wels catfish) as well as in nonpredators (common carp, freshwater bream, goldfish, white bream) and in acanthocephalan acanthocephalus lucii from the water reservoir zemplínska šírava (eastern slovakia), which is considered to be one of the most pcb-contaminated places in europe. c ...201222526286
disruption of a gata4/ankrd1 signaling axis in cardiomyocytes leads to sarcomere disarray: implications for anthracycline cardiomyopathy.doxorubicin (adriamycin) is an effective anti-cancer drug, but its clinical usage is limited by a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity characterized by widespread sarcomere disarray and loss of myofilaments. cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp, ankrd1) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that is extremely susceptible to doxorubicin; however, the mechanism(s) of doxorubicin-induced carp depletion and its specific role in cardiomyocytes have not been completely defined. we report that doxorubicin tr ...201222532871
isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus.myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. the purified mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by maldi-tof-ms to be 15,525.18 da. using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified mb showed two derivatives with pi of 6.40 and 7.12. six peptide fragments of this protein identified by lc-ms/ms were homologous to mbs of sea raven hemitripterus ...201222538454
odorant tuning of olfactory crypt cells from juvenile and adult rainbow trout.teleost fish lack independent olfactory organs for odorant and pheromone detection. instead, they have a single sensory epithelium with two populations of receptor neurons, ciliated and microvillous, that are conserved among vertebrates, and a unique receptor cell type named the olfactory crypt cell. crypt cells were shown to be chemosensory neurons that project to specific areas in the olfactory bulb, but their odorant tuning and overall function remain unclear. reproduction in fish is generall ...201222539741
recombinant human leptin attenuates stress axis activity in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).proper functioning of the endocrine stress axis requires communication between the stress axis and other regulatory mechanisms. we here describe an intimate interplay between the stress axis and recombinant human leptin (rhleptin) in a teleostean fish, the common carp cyprinus carpio. restraint stress (by netting up to 96h) increased plasma cortisol but did not affect hepatic leptin expression. perifusion of pituitary glands or head kidneys with rhleptin revealed direct effects of rhleptin on bo ...201222543190
bioguided fractionation shows cassia alata extract to inhibit staphylococcus epidermidis and pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation.plant extracts have a long history to be used in folk medicine. cassia alata extracts are known to exert antibacterial activity but details on compounds and mechanism of action remain poorly explored. we purified and concentrated the aqueous leaf extract of c. alata by reverse phase-solid phase extraction and screened the resulting carp extract for antimicrobial activity. carp extract exhibited antimicrobial activity for pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis, s. aureus, and bacillus ...201222548121
characteristics of disease spectrum in relation to species, serogroups, and adhesion ability of motile aeromonads in fish.an attempt was made to delineate the relationship between of aeromonas species and/or serogroups and specific disease symptoms in common carp cyprinus carpio l. and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. the adhesion of aeromonas strains to various tissues in relation to disease spectrum was also tested. all strains of a. hydrophila caused skin ulcers as well as septicaemia in both carp and trout while the other strains were able to cause only skin ulcers or some specific internal lesions wi ...201222550470
detection of feeding behaviour in common carp cyprinus carpio by using an acceleration data logger to identify mandibular movement.miniaturized acceleration data loggers were attached to the lower mandible of common carp cyprinus carpio to remotely identify feeding behaviour. whether the acceleration signal could distinguish the quantity and quality of food was also investigated. the frequency and amplitude of the lower mandible stroke, calculated from surging acceleration determined by continuous wavelet transformation, significantly increased during the feeding period compared to that during the non-feeding period. these ...201222551186
haemato-immunological and growth response of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio) fed a tropical earthworm meal in experimental diets.an investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding a tropical earthworm meal (perionyx escavatus) on the haemato-immunological response and growth performance of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were fed diets for a total of 88 days, fishmeal served as the main protein source in the control diet. two remaining diets consisted of fishmeal fixed at 33.65% provision of protein and the remaining 66.35% protein was provided by soybean meal (sbm diet) or p. excavatus meal (ew diet). c ...201222554572
emergence of epizootic ulcerative syndrome in native fish of the murray-darling river system, australia: hosts, distribution and possible vectors.epizootic ulcerative syndrome (eus) is a fish disease of international significance and reportable to the office international des epizootics. in june 2010, bony herring nematalosa erebi, golden perch macquaria ambigua, murray cod maccullochella peelii and spangled perch leiopotherapon unicolor with severe ulcers were sampled from the murray-darling river system (mdrs) between bourke and brewarrina, new south wales australia. histopathology and polymerase chain reaction identified the fungus-lik ...201222558170
effects of pharmaceuticals on the expression of genes involved in detoxification in a carp primary hepatocyte model.fish in many surface freshwaters are exposed to a range of pharmaceuticals via wastewater treatment works effluent discharges. in mammals the pregnane x receptor (pxr) plays a key role in the regulation of a suite of genes involved in drug biotransformation, but information on the role of this response pathway in fish is limited. here we investigated the effects of exposure of carp (cyprinus carpio) primary hepatocytes to the human pxr agonist rifampicin (rif) on expression of target genes invol ...201222559005
hybridization between native barbless carp (cyprinus pellegrini) and introduced common carp (c. carpio) in xingyun lake, china.hybridization with introduced fish species is an important threat to native fish species. here we investigated hybridization between native barbless carp (cyprinus pellegrini) and introduced common carp (c. carpio) in xingyun lake in the yunnan-guizhou plateau of china. a total of 203 individuals of cyprinus from xingyun lake were studied by combination of morphological and genetic analyses. most individuals were strictly intermediate between the two parental species in morphology, strongly sugg ...201222559965
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