Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with wegner's granulomatosis undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. | to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of 3 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis strategies in patients with wegener's granulomatosis (wg) receiving immunosuppressive therapies: 1) no prophylaxis; 2) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) 160 mg/800 mg 3 times a week, which is discontinued if patients experience an adverse drug reaction (adr); and 3) tmp/smx 160 mg/800 mg 3 times a week, which is replaced by monthly aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg) if patients experience an ad ... | 2000 | 10943875 |
| [pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: clinical observations]. | to determine the occurrence of pneumonias in hiv-infected patients in our hospital during 1990-1999; to evaluate the clinical significance of pneumonias in hiv-seropositive patients; to estimate the ethiology of pulmonary infection. | 2000 | 10944952 |
| the shape of the hiv/aids epidemic in puerto rico. | this study presents information on aids patients in puerto rico, including their general sociodemographic profile, some risk-related parameters, characteristics of vulnerable groups, and elements of the clinical spectrum of the disease. data were analyzed from the puerto rico aids surveillance program and available studies about the hiv/aids epidemic in puerto rico. a total of 23,089 aids cases was reported to the puerto rico aids surveillance program from january 1981 through february 1999. the ... | 2000 | 10949898 |
| prophylactic effect of fk463, a novel antifungal lipopeptide, against pneumocystis carinii infection in mice. | the prophylactic effect of fk463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide with inhibitory activity against 1, 3-beta-d-glucan synthase, against pneumocystis carinii infection was investigated with the severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mouse model. treatment with fk463, pentamidine, and saline only was performed for 6 weeks from the day after the scid mice were inoculated intranasally with infected lung homogenates. fk463 at 0.2 or 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, pentamidine at 4 mg/kg, ... | 2000 | 10952565 |
| pcr-based quantification of pneumocystis carinii in in vitro systems. | in many laboratories, pcr has become a routine method for the sensitive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in patient samples. in contrast, quantification of fungal numbers in in vitro setups still largely relies on more conventional procedures such as histological stainings. these are time consuming and their applications are limited when dealing with small fungal numbers contaminated with tissue and cellular debris. this study presents a sensitive and rapid method for p. carinii quantification ... | 2000 | 10955953 |
| mechanisms of defence in the lung: lessons from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii continues to represent an important complication of individuals with compromised immunity. p. carinii interacts with immune and non-immune cells in the lung and mediates lung injury through a variety of mechanisms. cd4+ t lymphocytes are the cornerstone in defence against p. carinii. recent studies indicate that alveolar macrophages provide essential functions that significantly enhance clearance of p. carinii infection. p. carinii also attaches to alveolar epithelial cells, ... | 2000 | 10957761 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy. | patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents may develop opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this indicates a severe t-cell defect, but so far there are no established criteria for identifying patients at risk. | 2000 | 10961529 |
| 'infectious web'. | infections by helicobacter pylori are responsible for duodenal and gastric ulcers and are a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. h. pylori was discovered in 1983, but many institutes in canada, europe, and the united states are already involved in programs to understand and treat the infections, as reflected by the growing number of internet sites devoted to this bacterium. most aids patients and about 20% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia develop pn ... | 2000 | 10962282 |
| [severe apnea: an early sign of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-negative infant]. | a few reports in the medical literature suggest an association between pneumocystis caring and apnea in small infants. this patient, a 1 month 20 days old, hiv negative, infant girl weighing 2,000 grams was admitted to hospital after presenting a severe episode of apnea with cyanosis and bradycardia. she progressively developed bronchopneumonia by p. carinii that required prolonged mechanical ventilation with high ventilatory parameters. the clinical course of this patient illustrates that apnea ... | 2000 | 10962861 |
| neuropathology and general autopsy findings in aids during the last 15 years. | a retrospective study of 450 consecutive aids autopsy cases (397 males, 53 females; mean age at death 38.4 years) in vienna, austria, between 1984 and 1999 compares the central nervous system (cns) findings in three cohorts: 1984-1992 (190 cases), 1993-1995 (162 cases) and 1996-1999 (98 cases, after introduction of triple antiretroviral therapy) and the relationship of cns findings to systemic aids pathology in the latter two cohorts. in these two groups, following involvement of the lung (85% a ... | 2000 | 10963370 |
| effect of cd40 ligand and other immunomodulators on pneumocystis carinii infection in rat model. | the corticosteroid-treated animal is well established as an experimental model for the study of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp). latent or acquired infection with p. carinii in the murine lung progresses to fatal pneumonitis when the host is profoundly immunocompromized. in this study the effects of five immunomodulators; recombinant cd40 ligand (cd40l), bryostatin 1, recombinant flt3 ligand (flt3l), recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and recombinant interleukin-15 ... | 2000 | 10968950 |
| relationship between mutations in dihydropteroate synthase of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates in japan and resistance to sulfonamide therapy. | we examined mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (p. carinii) strains isolated from 24 patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in japan. dhps mutations were identified at amino acid positions 55 and/or 57 in isolates from 6 (25.0%) of 24 patients. the underlying diseases for these six patients were human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (n = 4) or malignant lymphoma (n = 2). this frequency was almost the same as those reported in d ... | 2000 | 10970350 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum treated with cyclosporin. | 2000 | 10971375 | |
| toxic epidermal necrolysis following combination of methotrexate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | a 15-year-old boy with t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) (fab l1), diagnosed in 1995, received combination chemotherapy consisting of 6 weeks of induction (vincristine, epirubicin, l-asparaginase, prednisolone) and 2 weeks of consolidation (cytosine arabinosides, etoposide). after achieving remission, for further maintenance of remission, he was treated with 14 cycles of intensive chemotherapy consisting of 6-mp, 10 mg/kg orally on the first 4 days, and cyclophosphamide, 1200 mg/m2, vinc ... | 2000 | 10971734 |
| genetic divergence at the soda locus of six different formae speciales of pneumocystis carinii. | genetic divergence at the soda (manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, mnsod) locus were compared in six pneumocystis carinii formae speciales isolated from mouse, rabbit, human, macaque and pig. a degenerate oligonucleotide primer strategy was designed to amplify 85-90% of the full-length soda gene from p. carinii genomic dna isolates. dna sequence analysis revealed an a/t bias in the nucleotide composition (71-77.2%) and the presence of seven small introns (41-142 bp), interrupting each p. ... | 2000 | 10975697 |
| sulfa or sulfone prophylaxis and geographic region predict mutations in the pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene. | to determine factors associated with mutations in the pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene, a prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with confirmed p. carinii pneumonia was conducted in atlanta, seattle, and san francisco. clinical information was obtained from patient interview and chart abstraction. dhps genotype was determined from dna sequencing. overall, 76 (68.5%) of 111 patients had a mutant dhps genotype, including 22 (81.5%) of 27 ... | 2000 | 10979917 |
| genotyping of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates in japan based on nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes. | genotyping of pneumocystis carinii (pc) isolated from 24 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid specimens in japan was examined based on nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (its1 and its2, respectively) of rrna genes. we found 11 its1 genotypes including 2 novel ones and 11 its2 genotypes including 3 new ones. combining the its1 and its2 genotypes resulted in 30 its genotypes, of which 10 are newly described in this report. two or more genotypes in its regio ... | 2000 | 10981832 |
| evaluating a new strategy for prophylaxis to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-exposed infants in thailand. bangkok collaborative perinatal hiv transmission study group. | to evaluate a strategy for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) for infants in thailand. | 2000 | 10983643 |
| fungal pneumonias. | hundreds of fungal species have been associated with pulmonary diseases in humans, but few are consistently found to cause pneumonia. this paper reviews the clinical presentations, geographic prevalence, and epidemiology of, as well as the most recent, yet readily available, diagnostic methods and general therapy for the more common fungal pneumonias. the chapter is divided into categories based on the fungi's physiological and growth characteristics, clinical presentations, and prevalence in th ... | 2000 | 10983933 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 2000 | 10985118 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in africa--an important pathogen? | 2000 | 10985125 | |
| dual infection with pneumocystis carinii and pasteurella pneumotropica in b cell-deficient mice: diagnosis and therapy. | the clinical presentation, diagnosis, histopathologic findings, and elimination of dual respiratory tract infection with pasteurella pneumotropica and pneumocystis carinii were studied in 100 adult barrier-reared c.b17 and mrl- lpr mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the jh region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. | 2000 | 10987669 |
| prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in an era of effective antiretroviral therapy. | potent antiretroviral treatment is associated with dramatic improvements in immune function in many human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. this has led to new us public health service/infectious diseases society of america guidelines that suggest that in certain circumstances (primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection, and secondary prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus retinitis), antimicrobial prophylaxis can be discontinue ... | 2000 | 10987727 |
| management and outcome patterns for adult pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1985 to 1995: comparison of hiv-associated cases to other immunocompromised states. | encompassing periods preceding and following major advances in the diagnosis and management of hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the purpose of this study was to determine whether management and outcome patterns of non-hiv pcp parallel the management and outcomes of aids-related pcp. | 2000 | 10988192 |
| peripheral blood cd4 + t-lymphocyte counts during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients without hiv infection. | to assess the potential use of peripheral blood cd4 + t-lymphocyte counts (cd4 + counts) as a clinically useful biological marker to identify specific immunocompromised patients (without hiv infection) at high risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2000 | 10988193 |
| neutrophil-rich anaplastic large cell lymphoma of t-cell lineage. a report of two cases arising in hiv-positive patients. | neutrophil-rich anaplastic large cell lymphoma (alcl) is an uncommon morphologic variant of alcl. we report 2 cases of neutrophil-rich t-cell alcl that presented as scalp masses in hiv-positive men. histologically, the neoplastic cells extensively infiltrated the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. the neoplastic cells strongly expressed cd30 and were of t-cell lineage, positive for cd3 and cd45ro, and negative for cd20. the neoplastic cells were negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1. numerous a ... | 2000 | 10989649 |
| in vitro activity of monoclonal and recombinant yeast killer toxin-like antibodies against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive cocci. | monoclonal (mabkt) and recombinant single-chain (scfvkt) anti-idiotypic antibodies were produced to represent the internal image of a yeast killer toxin (kt) characterized by a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including gram-positive cocci. pathogenic eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms, such as candida albicans, pneumocystis carinii, and a multidrug-resistant strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis, presenting specific, although yet undefined, kt-cell wall receptors (ktr), have prove ... | 2000 | 10997342 |
| involvement of the pancreas in aids: a prospective study of 109 post-mortems. | pancreatic involvement in aids is rarely mentioned in medical literature. | 2000 | 10997390 |
| visceral leishmaniosis caused by leishmania (l.) mexicana in a mexican patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a 36 year old male was admitted in december 1997 to hospital with afternoon fever, malaise and hepatosplenomegaly. he also had a dry cough, dyspnoea and anaemia. pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were documented. the hiv infection was confirmed in 1997 with 290,000 virus copies. the patient had been in the mexican state of chiapas which is known to be endemic for visceral leishmaniosis (vl) and localized cutaneous leishmaniosis (lcl). the v ... | 2000 | 10998226 |
| genetic heterogeneity of pneumocystis carinii from rats of several regions and strains. | pneumocystis carinii is a major opportunistic pathogen which has been found in the lungs of a wide variety of mammalian host species, and the fact suggests the possibility of intraspecific variation. until now, p. carinii from different mammalian species are differentiated as subspecies, and the rats are known to be infected by two subspecies. the present study investigated genetic heterogeneity of p. carinii isolates from two strains of rats in korea and china by molecular karyotyping, rflp and ... | 2000 | 11002650 |
| purification of a 68-kda cysteine proteinase from crude extract of pneumocystis carinii. | the present study intended to verify activities of cysteine proteinase of pneumocystis carinii from rats and to purify the enzyme. in order to exclude the contamination of host-derived enzymes, concentrates of p. carinii was primarily treated with a mixture of proteinase inhibitors before lysis of p. carinii. a 68-kda cysteine proteinase was finally purified from the crude extract of p. carinii by 4 sequential chromatographic methods. the enzyme showed an optimal activity at ph 5.5 in 0.1 m sodi ... | 2000 | 11002651 |
| [admissions of patients with aids to pediatric intensive care units]. | to describe the most significant clinical features of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who required admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu). | 2000 | 11003962 |
| enhanced pneumocystis carinii activity of new primaquine analogues. | new analogues of the venerable antimalarial drug primaquine have been synthesized and bioassayed in vivo against pneumocystis carinii, a life-threatening infection common among immunosuppressed patients. two of these new compounds are significantly more active than primaquine itself, and provide new information for future drug design and development in this area. | 2000 | 11012030 |
| cell wall assembly by pneumocystis carinii. evidence for a unique gsc-1 subunit mediating beta -1,3-glucan deposition. | pneumocystis carinii remains a persistent cause of severe pneumonia in immune compromised patients. recent studies indicate that p. carinii is a fungal species possessing a glucan-rich cyst wall. pneumocandin antagonists of beta-1,3-glucan synthesis rapidly suppress infection in animal models of p. carinii pneumonia. we, therefore, sought to define the molecular mechanisms of beta-glucan cell wall assembly by p. carinii. membrane extracts derived from freshly purified p. carinii incorporate urid ... | 2000 | 11013231 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in patients with chronic lung diseases. | 2000 | 11014633 | |
| reduced toxicity with gradual initiation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: aids clinical trials group 268. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) is recognized as the superior agent for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis but a high incidence of adverse drug reactions, which may be due to toxic drug metabolites, limits its use. aids clinical trials group protocol 268 was a randomized, double-blind, controlled two-arm trial designed to determine whether gradual initiation of tmp/smx suspension reduced the incidence of treatment-limiting adverse drug reactions compared with routine initia ... | 2000 | 11015150 |
| clinical spectrum, morbidity, and mortality of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in taiwan: a 5-year prospective study. | the clinical spectrum of aids and changes of morbidity and mortality associated with hiv infection following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) are rarely described in the less developed countries in the asia-pacific region. we prospectively observed on a follow-up basis 309 hiv-infected patients (82.8% with aids) at national taiwan university hospital in taiwan, where highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has been provided to all patients at no charge at any stage ... | 2000 | 11015155 |
| role of alveolar macrophages in host defense against pneumocystis carinii. | 2000 | 11017906 | |
| alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons demonstrate impaired oxidative burst response to pneumocystis carinii in vitro. | the alveolar macrophage (am) oxidative burst response is an important component of microbicidal effector cell function against a variety of potential pathogens in the lungs, although the role against pneumocystis carinii has not been fully investigated. the goals of this study were to characterize the p. carinii-mediated oxidative burst of ams from healthy individuals, and to examine the oxidative burst of ams from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. for healthy individuals, the ... | 2000 | 11017909 |
| pneumocystis carinii enhances soluble mannose receptor production by macrophages. | phagocytosis of extracellular organisms in the alveolar spaces of the lungs represents the first-line of host defense against pulmonary pathogens. disruption of this process is likely to interfere with the generation of appropriate specific immune responses, and lead to a delayed or inefficient clearance of the pathogen. pneumocystis carinii, an opportunistic pathogen in immunodeficient individuals, is cleared from the lung by alveolar macrophages. in the absence of specific anti-pneumocystis an ... | 2000 | 11018446 |
| inhibition of growth of pneumocystis carinii by lactoferrins alone and in combination with pyrimethamine, clarithromycin and minocycline. | the in vitro activity of lactoferrins alone and in combination with clarithromycin, minocycline and pyrimethamine was investigated against three clinical isolates of pneumocystis carinii. susceptibility was tested by inoculating isolates on to cell monolayers and determining the parasite count after 72 h incubation at 37 degrees c. the culture medium was supplemented with serial dilutions of each agent. at 20 mg/l, bovine lactoferrin, the most active agent, suppressed the growth of cystic and tr ... | 2000 | 11020255 |
| [opportunistic infections and hiv-associated malignancies. an evaluation of 58 autopsy cases within 10 years]. | of all patients who died of hiv infection within 10 years (1. 1. 1988 to 31. 12. 1997) at the klinikum nürnberg 58 autopsy cases were reviewed at the institute of pathology of the above mentioned hospital. | 2000 | 11028164 |
| differential regulation of growth and checkpoint control mediated by a cdc25 mitotic phosphatase from pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen phylogenetically related to the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. p. carinii causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with aids and malignancies. although the life cycle of p. carinii remains poorly characterized, morphologic studies of infected lung tissue indicate that p. carinii alternates between numerous small trophic forms and fewer large cystic forms. to understand further the molecular mechanisms that regulate p ... | 2001 | 11029470 |
| a 5-day course of oral desensitization to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (t/s) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection who were previously intolerant to t/s. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (t/s) is an essential drug in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection to prevent opportunistic infections. about 40% to 60% of them develop skin rash which leads to discontinue the medication. a precise mechanism of the reaction is not known. | 2000 | 11030281 |
| expression and characterization of recombinant human-derived pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase. | dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) is the target of trimethoprim (tmp), which has been widely used in combination with sulfa drugs for treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. while the rat-derived p. carinii dhfr has been well characterized, kinetic studies of human-derived p. carinii dhfr, which differs from rat-derived p. carinii dhfr by 38% in amino acid sequence, have not been reported to date. here we report on the expression and kinetic characterization of the recombinant ... | 2000 | 11036028 |
| infection and immunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | patients having chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) are at increased risk for infectious morbidity and mortality. the predisposition to infections in cll patients has many components, including both immunodeficiency related to the leukemia itself (humoral and cellular immune dysfunction) and the results of cumulative immunosuppression related to cll treatment. the risk of infectious complications increases with the duration of cll, reflecting the natural history of the disease and the cumulative ... | 2000 | 11040852 |
| [current hiv therapy and its clinical problems]. | hiv-specific protease inhibitors(pi) have been available in japan since 1997. since then, highly active anti-retroviral therapy(haart) including two reverse transcriptase inhibitors combined with pi became the main strategy of hiv treatment. after introducing haart, incidence of most opportunistic infections dramatically decreased, resulted a steep decline of aids death in japan as well as in the united states. however, several unexpected problems related to haart have been coming up. one is a l ... | 2000 | 11051780 |
| design, synthesis, and x-ray crystal structure of a potent dual inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase as an antitumor agent. | a novel n-¿2-amino-4-methyl[(pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl¿-l-glutamic acid (3a) was designed and synthesized as a potent dual inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (ts) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as an antitumor agent. compound 3b, the n7-benzylated analogue of 3a, was also synthesized as an antitumor agent. the synthesis of 3a was accomplished via a 12-step sequence which involved the synthesis of 2-amino-4-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (10) in 5 steps from 2-acetylbutyr ... | 2000 | 11052789 |
| febrile neutropenia in allogeneic transplantation. | infections post allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) are a major problem. post bmt, three periods with infectious complications are discerned: pre-engraftment and early recovery, mid recovery and late recovery. in the first period mucosal damage and neutropenia are the major host defence deficits. bacterial infections with gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, and fungal infections are seen in this period. in the mid recovery phase graft versus host and its treatment contribute to dimini ... | 2000 | 11053805 |
| rapid detection of dihydropteroate polymorphism in aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by restriction fragment length polymorphism. | sulpha agents, which act by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), are used widely for the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). recently, we have shown that mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene of pneumocystis carinii f.sp hominis are associated with failure of sulpha prophylaxis and increased mortality in hiv-1 positive patients with pcp, suggesting that dhps mutations may cause sulpha resistance. to facilitate detection of dhps mut ... | 2000 | 11055650 |
| population structure of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii in danish wild rats. | the rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is frequently used to study human p. carinii infection, but there are many differences between the rat and human infections. we studied naturally acquired p. carinii in wild rats to examine the relevance of the rat model for human infection. p. carinii dna was detected in 47 of 51 wild rats and in 10 of 12 nonimmunosuppressed laboratory rats. evidence for three novel formae speciales of rat-derived p. carinii was found, and these were provisionally ... | 2000 | 11055949 |
| transmission of pneumocystis carinii disease from immunocompetent contacts of infected hosts to susceptible hosts. | pneumocystis carinii organisms constitute a large group of heterogeneous atypical microscopic fungi that are able to infect immunocompromised mammals by an airborne route and to proliferate in their lungs, inducing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. this pneumonia remains a crucial epidemiological challenge, since neither the source of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans nor the process by which humans become infected has been clearly established. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays have sh ... | 2000 | 11057500 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | 2000 | 11057837 | |
| regional differences in presentation of aids in europe. | data were collected on 6578 patients diagnosed with aids at 52 clinical centres in 17 european countries during an 1-year period from 1979 to 1989. the centres were divided into four regions, north, central, southeast, and southwest. differences in the incidence of most aids-defining opportunistic infections and malignancies were found. after adjusting for known possible confounders, statistically significant differences between regions remained. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was more com ... | 2000 | 11057969 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome followed by kl-6, surfactant protein-d and beta-d-glucan in serum]. | a 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute respiratory failure. the patient was given a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and corticosteroid, the respiratory failure was improved and the abnormal shadows disappeared. the serum beta-d-glucan level, significantly elevated (76.0 pg/ml) on admission, returned to the normal range within two weeks. serum kl-6 (ma ... | 2000 | 11061091 |
| conversion to rapamycin immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients: report of an initial experience. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of rapa conversion in patients undergoing cyclosporine (csa) or tacrolimus (tac) toxicity. | 2000 | 11063349 |
| pneumocystis carinii and geographic clustering: evidence for transmission of infection. | 2000 | 11069781 | |
| geographic clustering of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. | to detect whether there was geographic clustering of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cases among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we performed a retrospective analysis of a clinical database. the rates of pneumocystosis were analyzed by zip code zones for evidence of geographical clustering. during the study period, 118 patients at our aids treatment center had a first episode of p. carinii pneumonia. an analysis of the 24 zip code zones for which a p. carinii pneumonia ... | 2000 | 11069785 |
| geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in san francisco. | the epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and its geographic distribution are incompletely understood. we examined the influence of geographic location as a risk factor for pcp through a retrospective case-control study of hiv-infected persons evaluated for pcp at san francisco general hospital. subjects had microscopically confirmed pcp diagnosed between january 1996 and june 1999. control subjects had a presentation suggestive of pcp, but had bronchoalveolar lavage examination t ... | 2000 | 11069786 |
| cytokine-driven inflammatory response is associated with the hypermetabolism of aids patients with opportunistic infections. | to assess a possible role of systemic inflammation in the resting metabolic response in aids patients with active secondary infections. | 2000 | 11071589 |
| fatal pneumonia in an aids patient coinfected with adenovirus and pneumocystis carinii. | adenovirus infections are common in immunocompromised hosts. however, pulmonary adenovirus infections rarely cause significant morbidity in hiv-infected patients. | 2000 | 11073142 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected patient with sickle cell crisis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually occurs in the setting of preexisting immunosuppression. we present a case of pcp that occurred in an hiv-negative woman with severe sickle cell disease. | 2000 | 11073785 |
| hiv-related nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: incidence, survival analysis and associated risk factors. | to evaluate the incidence and survival time for aids-patients affected by different stages of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection we performed a retrospective study. data of 1540 hospitalised aids-patients was analyzed with respect to survival time and incidence rates. the overall incidence rate of ntm following aids was 16.6/100 person-years (py), with an increase from 12.1/100py (1987-1990) to 18.9/100py (1991-1994). antiretroviral therapy (art) and toxoplasmosis prophylaxis reduced t ... | 2000 | 11076783 |
| pneumocystis carinii in south africa. | 2000 | 11081117 | |
| journal club. hiv-associated bacterial pneumonia. | bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of death from pneumonia in patients with hiv disease, causing greater mortality than pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the challenge for the clinician evaluating the hiv-infected patient with pneumonia is to quickly distinguish clinically among all possible causes and to initiate therapy based on the most likely diagnosis. while an understanding of typical clinical and radiographic presentations is essential, bronchoscopy is the preferred test for relia ... | 1999 | 11082736 |
| low-dose methotrexate as a risk factor for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | low-dose methotrexate is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. its effectiveness in ameliorating the clinical symptoms and findings has been well established, and adverse effects have been relatively infrequent, particularly compared to other immunosuppressive agents. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is most often seen in severely immunosuppressed patients related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or treatment of malignanci ... | 1996 | 11082754 |
| activities of sordarins in experimental models of candidiasis, aspergillosis, and pneumocystosis. | sordarin derivatives represent a new class of antifungal agents that act as potent inhibitors of fungal protein synthesis and possess a broad spectrum of activity. the in vivo activity of gm193663 and gm237354 was studied in mouse models of disseminated candidiasis and aspergillosis and in a rat model of pneumocystosis. the pharmacokinetic behavior of both sordarin derivatives was studied in mice and rats. in all studies, compounds were administered by the subcutaneous route. after a subcutaneou ... | 2000 | 11083645 |
| delayed inflammatory response to pneumocystis carinii infection in neonatal mice is due to an inadequate lung environment. | challenge of neonatal mice with an intranasal inoculation of pneumocystis carinii results in a subclinical infection that takes 6 wk to resolve, whereas adult mice resolve a comparable challenge within 3 wk. this delayed clearance is due to a delayed inflammatory response in neonatal mice; however, the reason for this delay has been unknown. to determine whether the neonatal lung environment is sufficient to attract immunocompetent lymphocytes into the lungs, an adoptive transfer strategy was em ... | 2000 | 11086088 |
| contributions of individual nucleotides to tertiary binding of substrate by a pneumocystis carinii group i intron. | pneumocystis carinii is a mammalian pathogen that infects and kills immunocompromised hosts such as cancer and aids patients. the lsu rrna precursor of p. carinii contains a conserved group i intron that is an attractive drug target because humans do not contain group i introns. the oligonucleotide r(augacu), whose sequence mimics the 3'-end of the 5'-exon, binds to a ribozyme derived from the intron with a k(d) of 5.2 nm, which is 61000-fold tighter than expected from base-pairing alone [testa, ... | 2000 | 11087376 |
| improving survival following aids in australia, 1991-1996. national hiv surveillance committee. | to describe the pattern of survival following aids. | 2000 | 11089623 |
| housing status and health care service utilization among low-income persons with hiv/aids. | to examine the impact of housing status on health service utilization patterns in low-income hiv-infected adults. | 2000 | 11089717 |
| immunohistochemical study of pneumocystis carinii infection in pigs: evaluation of pneumocystis pneumonia and a retrospective investigation. | infection with pneumocystis carinii was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the lungs of pigs 15 to 75 days of age from a herd with epidemic pneumonia due to the organism. the distribution of the organism was centered on the airways, and extended progressively with age from the alveolar ducts to the alveoli. in a retrospective immunohistochemical study of 245 newborn to adult pigs which were necropsied between 1988 and 1995, p carinii infection was found in 87 pigs (35.5 per cent) aged between ... | 2000 | 11095394 |
| aspects of pulmonary infections after solid organ transplantation. | the increasing number of solid organ transplant (sot) recipients have high rates of pulmonary infections due to bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. these patients have unique sets of factors predisposing to infection. lung and heart-lung transplants are associated with particularly high infection rates. the prominence of cytomegalovirus (cmv) as a pathogen in all subsets of sot patients has led to new strategies for prophylaxis, detection, and treatment of cmv pneumonitis. progress is simila ... | 2000 | 11095857 |
| hiv treatment in developing countries. | diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic advances have had a major impact on hiv at both the individual and community levels in wealthy nations. however, more than 95% of hiv infections occur in developing countries, where personal or national economies cannot support these measures. therefore, hiv treatment in developing countries must focus on particular aspects of infection, especially prevention and treatment of those opportunistic infections for which inexpensive antimicrobial agents are avai ... | 2000 | 11095879 |
| a rat model for combined trypanosoma cruzi and pneumocystis carinii infection. | dexamethasone treated rats inoculated with trypanosoma cruzi developed acute parasitemia. in addition, these animals concomitantly developed severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and died after 4 weeks of immunosuppression (100%). however, immunocompetent (untreated) rats inoculated with t. cruzi did not acquire p. carinii and recovered from t. cruzi infection. rats immunosuppressed, but not inoculated with t. cruzi, developed only pcp and died 5-6 weeks later (93%). in contrast, immunocom ... | 2000 | 11095921 |
| epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an era of effective prophylaxis: the relative contribution of non-adherence and drug failure. | to determine the relative contribution of patient non-adherence, provider failure to prescribe prophylaxis, and drug failure to the continued occurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and to determine correlates of non-adherence. | 2000 | 11101068 |
| why does pneumocystis carinii pneumonia still occur? | 2000 | 11101076 | |
| bone paracoccidioidomycosis in an hiv-positive patient. | aids patients are vulnerable to infection by opportunistic microbes, including various fungi such as pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, candida albicans and many others. however, the association of aids and infection with paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been rarely recorded. we report a case of an hiv-positive patient with bone infection by this fungus with a clinical form not previously published. this clinical presentation included primarily a massive bone ... | 1997 | 11105147 |
| [cause of death and autopsy findings in patients of the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs)]. | the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs) is a prospective cohort study of hiv-infected adolescents and adults seen at 7 outpatient clinics (swiss university hospitals in basle, berne, geneva, lausanne, zurich, the st. gall cantonal hospital and the civico hospital in lugano). the shcs serves as an infrastructure for different research projects and includes about 70% of all patients with advanced disease in switzerland. from april 1984 to november 1995 3120 hiv-infected patients of the shcs died. autops ... | 2000 | 11109604 |
| small bowel transplantation using grafts from living-related donors. two case reports. | a living-related small bowel transplantation (sbt) was performed in two pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. in both cases, the donor was the patient's mother. the distal ileum (100 cm, 120 cm) was harvested and the ileocolic vessels, ileocecal valve, and terminal ileum were left intact. the two donors were discharged from the hospital on postoperative days 15 and 6, respectively. recipient 1 was a 2 year 6 month-old boy with short bowel syndrome who underwent sbt due to loss of venous ... | 2000 | 11111992 |
| impact of bal in the management of pneumonia with treatment failure: positivity of bal culture under antibiotic therapy. | pneumonia is responsible for 50% of antibiotics prescribed in icus. treatment failure, ie, absence of improvement or clinical deterioration under antibiotic therapy, presents a dilemma to physicians. bal is an invasive method validated for etiologic diagnosis in pneumonia. study objective: to evaluate in icu patients the impact of bal in the etiologic diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pneumonia with treatment failure. | 2000 | 11115467 |
| determinants of antimicrobial prophylaxis use and treatment for wasting among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease in the united states, 1995-1998. | despite us public health service (usphs) recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, the proportion of patients who receive prophylaxis is not known. we measured the prevalence of antimicrobial prophylaxis use, and treatment for hiv wasting at baseline among 531 patients with advanced hiv disease enrolled in a multicenter randomized trial of red blood cell transfusion. use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment for wast ... | 2001 | 11118390 |
| pneumocystis carinii diagnosis: an update. | from 1994 to date we have been using the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to investigate the possibility of diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on non-invasive samples collected from hiv-positive patients with pulmonary involvement. the objectives were: (1) to test the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic value of pcr in diagnosis and follow up of pcp; (2) to investigate the eventual occurrence and role of asymptomatic carriers of p. carinii; (3 ... | 2000 | 11118878 |
| time between inoculations and karyotype forms of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii influence outcome of experimental coinfections in rats. | the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in humans caused by more than a single genotype has been reported to range from 10 to 67%, depending on the method used for detection (3, 19). most coinfections were associated with primary rather than recurrent disease. to better understand the factors influencing the development of coinfections, the time periods between inoculations and the genotype of the infecting organisms were evaluated in the chronically immunosuppressed-inoculated ra ... | 2001 | 11119494 |
| hiv-1 tat represses transcription from the mannose receptor promoter. | the mannose receptor is expressed on mature macrophages and immature dendritic cells, and functions to mediate phagocytosis of pathogens and capture of ags for delivery to mhc class ii-containing intracellular compartments. it has been previously reported that hiv-1-infected macrophages have reduced functions associated with the mannose receptor, including impaired pneumocystis carinii phagocytosis and mannosylated albumin uptake. several hiv-1-derived proteins including the tat protein have bee ... | 2000 | 11120831 |
| efficacies of lipophilic inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase against parasitic protozoa. | competitive inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) are used in chemotherapy or prophylaxis of many microbial pathogens, including the eukaryotic parasites plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii. unfortunately, point mutations in the dhfr gene can confer resistance to inhibitors specific to these pathogens. we have developed a rapid system for testing inhibitors of dhfrs from a variety of parasites. we replaced the dhfr gene from the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with the dhfr ... | 2001 | 11120964 |
| dna minor groove interactions and the biological activity of 2,5-bis. | 2,5-bis-[4-(n-cyclobutyl-amidino)phenyl] furan and 2,5-bis-[4-(n-cyclohexyl-amidino)phenyl] furan have activity against pneumocystis carinii and also show cytotoxicity against several tumour cell lines. these activities are correlated with dna-binding abilities; the crystal structures of complexes with the dna sequence d(cgcgaattcgcg) is reported here. interactions with, and effects on, the dna minor groove, are found to be factors in the biological properties of these compounds. | 2000 | 11128631 |
| characterization of the gene encoding a histidine and aspartic acid-rich protein from pneumocystis carinii. | a cdna clone derived from pneumocystis carinii contained an unusual sequence (gtgatg)2(atggtg)4(atg)4 and many gat repeats. it was found to encode a histidine and aspartic acid-rich protein (harp). the complete cdna contained an 888-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 32.6 kda. the deduced harp protein contained 39 aspartic acid and 22 histidine residues. the genomic copy of the harp gene (1203 bp in length) was found to contain 3 small introns of 46, 44, and 38 bp, respectively ... | 2000 | 11128711 |
| factors impacting on drug choices. issues for developing countries. | in considering factors that impact on drug choices for children in developing countries, it is important to learn from the advances in antiretroviral therapy that have been made in the united states and other developed countries. abundant clinical data indicate that monotherapy with antiretroviral agents, no matter how potent, is inadequate and the children should be treated with three or more drugs. when treatment regimens are changed, at least two new drugs should be started simultaneouly to a ... | 2000 | 11131721 |
| magnetic bead capture eliminates pcr inhibitors in samples collected from the airborne environment, permitting detection of pneumocystis carinii dna. | pcr detection methods are useful in studies of organisms not amenable to culture. inhibitors in environmental samples can interfere with such assays. we describe a magnetic bead dna capture protocol that removes inhibitors from outdoor air samples, maintaining the sensitivity of a 16s pneumocystis carinii mitochondrial rrna gene-based pcr. | 2001 | 11133478 |
| phylogenetic analysis of lacazia loboi places this previously uncharacterized pathogen within the dimorphic onygenales. | lacazia loboi is the last of the classical fungal pathogens to remain a taxonomic enigma, primarily because it has resisted cultivation and only causes cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in humans and dolphins in the new world tropics. to place it in the evolutionary tree of life, as has been done for the other enigmatic human pathogens pneumocystis carinii and rhinosporidium seeberi, we amplified its 18s small-subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) and 600 bp of its chitin synthase-2 gene. our phy ... | 2001 | 11136789 |
| determination of the copy number of the nuclear rdna and beta-tubulin genes of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis using pcr multicompetitors. | multiple copies of a gene may lead to difficulty in the interpretation of typing results because polymorphism of the copies may wrongly lead to the conclusion that different types are present in a specimen. to determine the copy number per genome of the nuclear rdna and beta-tubulin genes analyzed for the typing of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis, we developed a strategy based on the use of the same multicompetitor molecule in two different quantitative-competitive pcrs, one for the gene und ... | 2000 | 11140450 |
| differential impact of combined antiretroviral therapy on the survival of italian patients with specific aids-defining illnesses. | a decrease in hiv-related mortality and morbidity has been observed since 1996 in most developed countries as a consequence of the extensive use of combined antiretroviral therapies. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether combined antiretroviral therapies had a differential impact on the survival of patients with different aids-defining illnesses (adis). | 2000 | 11141245 |
| [rare cause of tachy-, asl well asl bradycardic arrhythmias]. | a 53-year-old female patient from the philippines was admitted with intermittent complete heart block and assumed coronary artery disease. physical examination was normal except for moist pulmonary sounds. ecg and monitoring showed bifascicular block and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. a markedly reduced left ventricular function was seen in the echocardiogram. coronary angiography showed two vessel disease. endomyocardial biopsy revealed florid giant cell myocarditis. heart failure and ven ... | 2000 | 11149266 |
| sloth biology: an update on their physiological ecology, behavior and role as vectors of arthropods and arboviruses. | this is a review of the research undertaken since 1971 on the behavior and physiological ecology of sloths. the animals exhibit numerous fascinating features. sloth hair is extremely specialized for a wet tropical environment and contains symbiotic algae. activity shows circadian and seasonal variation. nutrients derived from the food, particularly in bradypus, only barely match the requirements for energy expenditure. sloths are hosts to a fascinating array of commensal and parasitic arthropods ... | 2001 | 11151024 |
| [diffuse infiltrative lung diseases of infectious and neoplastic origin]. | among the causes of chronic diffuse infiltrative lung diseases, infection and neoplasia have to be suspected in priority because of their frequency and their therapeutic specificities. diffuse infiltrative lung diseases related to infection, often acute and feverish, are due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, miliary tuberculosis, or virus and atypical pneumonia. strategy for microbiological diagnosis depends on the pathogen suspected and the pulmonary disease severity. by contrast, diffuse infi ... | 2000 | 11151329 |
| genetics of surface antigen expression in pneumocystis carinii. | this article reviews the molecular genetic data pertaining to the major surface glycoprotein (msg) gene family of pneumocystis carinii and its role in surface variation and compares this fungal system to antigenic variation systems in the protozoan trypanosoma brucei and the bacteria borrelia spp. | 2001 | 11159949 |
| pulmonary inflammation disrupts surfactant function during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in mice, the degree of pulmonary inflammation correlates directly with the severity of lung function deficits. therefore, studies were undertaken to determine whether the host inflammatory response contributes to pcp-related respiratory impairment, at least in part, by disrupting the pulmonary surfactant system. protein and phospholipid content and surfactant activity were measured in the lavage fluid of infected mice in either the absence or presence ... | 2001 | 11159965 |
| immunomodulatory effects of anti-cd4 antibody in host resistance against infections and tumors in human cd4 transgenic mice. | anti-cd4 antibodies, which cause cd4(+) t-cell depletion, have been shown to increase susceptibility to infections in mice. thus, development of anti-cd4 antibodies for clinical use raises potential concerns about suppression of host defense mechanisms against pathogens and tumors. the anti-human cd4 antibody keliximab, which binds only human and chimpanzee cd4, has been evaluated in host defense models using murine cd4 knockout-human cd4 transgenic (hucd4/tg) mice. in these mice, depletion of c ... | 2001 | 11160000 |
| fatal infection in patients treated for small cell lung cancer in the institute of tuberculosis and chest diseases in the years 1980-1994. | the study was performed to explore the frequency of infections present at death and infection as the main cause of death (fatal infection - fi) in 845 consecutive patients (pts) treated for small cell lung cancer (sclc) at the institute of tuberculosis and chest diseases in warsaw, in the period 1980-1994. diagnosis of infection was based on clinical signs and symptoms, the presence of new lesions on the chest x-ray, microbiological tests and/or autopsy examination. all cases of fungal infection ... | 2001 | 11165389 |