Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| the genetic analysis of an acinetobacter johnsonii clinical strain evidenced the presence of horizontal genetic transfer. | acinetobacter johnsonii rarely causes human infections. while most a. johnsonii isolates are susceptible to virtually all antibiotics, strains harboring a variety of β-lactamases have recently been described. an a. johnsonii aj2199 clinical strain recovered from a hospital in buenos aires produces per-2 and oxa-58. we decided to delve into its genome by obtaining the whole genome sequence of the aj2199 strain. genome comparison studies on aj2199 revealed 240 unique genes and a close relation to ... | 2016 | 27548264 |
| immunoglobulin g subclass deficiencies in adult patients with chronic airway diseases. | immunoglobulin g subclass deficiency (iggscd) is a relatively common primary immunodeficiency disease (pi) in adults. the biological significance of iggscd in patients with chronic airway diseases is controversial. we conducted a retrospective study to characterize the clinical features of iggscd in this population. this study examined the medical charts from 59 adult patients with iggscd who had bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) from january 2007 to december 2012. ... | 2016 | 27550483 |
| comparative in vitro activities of ceftaroline and ceftriaxone against bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections: results from the aware surveillance study. | ceftaroline fosamil is indicated for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ceftriaxone has an indication for lower respiratory tract infections. this study was conducted to compare the relative in vitro activities of these two agents against bacterial species associated with community-associated respiratory tract infections. | 2016 | 27559120 |
| changes in the prevalence and biofilm formation of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae from the respiratory microbiota of patients with sarcoidosis. | healthy condition and chronic diseases may be associated with microbiota composition and its properties. the prevalence of respiratory haemophili with respect to their phenotypes including the ability to biofilm formation in patients with sarcoidosis was assayed. | 2016 | 27562460 |
| a method for assessing efficiency of bacterial cell disruption and dna release. | dna-based testing is becoming the preferred method both for identifying microorganisms and for characterizing microbial communities. however, no single dna extraction method exists that is suitable for all types of microorganisms because bacteria are variable in their susceptibility to lysis by available extraction procedures. to develop and test new dna extraction procedures, it would be helpful to determine their efficiencies. while the amount of extracted dna can readily be measured by differ ... | 2016 | 27566276 |
| fast mechanically driven daughter cell separation is widespread in actinobacteria. | dividing cells of the coccoid gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus undergo extremely rapid (millisecond) daughter cell separation (dcs) driven by mechanical crack propagation, a strategy that is very distinct from the gradual, enzymatically driven cell wall remodeling process that has been well described in several rod-shaped model bacteria. to determine if other bacteria, especially those in the same phylum (firmicutes) or with similar coccoid shapes as s. aureus, might use a similar m ... | 2016 | 27578753 |
| natural development of antibodies against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis protein antigens during the first 13 years of life. | conserved protein antigens have been investigated as vaccine candidates against respiratory pathogens. we evaluated the natural development of antibodies against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis proteins during childhood. serum samples were collected from 50 healthy children from their first months to age 13 years (median sampling interval, 6 months). we also analyzed serum samples from 24 adults. serum igg antibodies against eight pneumococcal proteins ... | 2016 | 27581439 |
| meningococcal pneumonia in japan: a case report and literature review. | neisseria meningitidis often causes meningitis and meningococcemia; however, meningococcal pneumonia is quite rare. herein, we report a case of non-invasive meningococcal pneumonia initially misdiagnosed as pneumonia due to moraxella catarrhalis on the basis of a gram stain in a 43-year-old woman with asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and schizophrenia. she visited our hospital following a 3-day history of fever, productive cough, and shortness of breath. since her sputum smear revealed gram-neg ... | 2016 | 27591787 |
| draft genome sequence of acinetobacter baumannii strain nctc 13423, a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate. | acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen that is becoming increasingly important and causes serious hospital-acquired infections. we sequenced the genome of a. baumannii nctc 13423, a multidrug-resistant strain belonging to the international clone ii group, isolated from a human infection in the united kingdom in 2003. the 3,937,944 bp draft genome has a gc-content of 39.0 % and a total of 3672 predicted protein-coding sequences. the availability of genome sequences of multidrug-resistant a. bauman ... | 2016 | 27594976 |
| from erythromycin to azithromycin and new potential ribosome-binding antimicrobials. | macrolides, as a class of natural or semisynthetic products, express their antibacterial activity primarily by reversible binding to the bacterial 50s ribosomal subunits and by blocking nascent proteins' progression through their exit tunnel in bacterial protein biosynthesis. generally considered to be bacteriostatic, they may also be bactericidal at higher doses. the discovery of azithromycin from the class of macrolides, as one of the most important new drugs of the 20th century, is presented ... | 2016 | 27598215 |
| performance of an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in laboratory routine diagnosis from a high burden setting. | brazil is one of the high burden countries for tuberculosis, and a rapid diagnosis is essential for effective control of the disease. in the present study, an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting the mpt64 gene for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates was evaluated under routine diagnosis conditions in a reference laboratory. from may 2011 to july 2012, 1,520 isolates of mycobacteria were prospectively submitted for phenotypic and/or pra-hsp ... | 2016 | 27598243 |
| two outer membrane proteins are bovine lactoferrin-binding proteins in mannheimia haemolytica a1. | mannheimia haemolytica is a gram negative bacterium that is part of the bovine respiratory disease, which causes important economic losses in the livestock industry. in the present work, the interaction between m. haemolytica a1 and bovine lactoferrin (blf) was studied. this iron-chelating glycoprotein is part of the mammalian innate-immune system and is present in milk and mucosal secretions; lf is also contained in neutrophils secondary granules, which release this glycoprotein at infection si ... | 2016 | 27599994 |
| ftsz-dependent elongation of a coccoid bacterium. | a mechanistic understanding of the determination and maintenance of the simplest bacterial cell shape, a sphere, remains elusive compared with that of more complex shapes. cocci seem to lack a dedicated elongation machinery, and a spherical shape has been considered an evolutionary dead-end morphology, as a transition from a spherical to a rod-like shape has never been observed in bacteria. here we show that a staphylococcus aureus mutant (m5) expressing the ftsz(g193d) allele exhibits elongated ... | 2016 | 27601570 |
| the diagnostic value of serum c-reactive protein for identifying pneumonia in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory symptoms. | background. the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is sometimes difficult since chest radiographs are often indeterminate. in this study, we aimed to assess whether serum c-reactive protein (crp) could assist in identifying patients with pneumonia. methods. for one winter, all consecutive patients with acute respiratory symptoms admitted to the emergency ward of a single center were prospectively enrolled. in addition to chest radiographs, basic laboratory tests, and microbiology, serum levels of c ... | 2016 | 27610265 |
| transition metals and virulence in bacteria. | transition metals are required trace elements for all forms of life. due to their unique inorganic and redox properties, transition metals serve as cofactors for enzymes and other proteins. in bacterial pathogenesis, the vertebrate host represents a rich source of nutrient metals, and bacteria have evolved diverse metal acquisition strategies. host metal homeostasis changes dramatically in response to bacterial infections, including production of metal sequestering proteins and the bombardment o ... | 2016 | 27617971 |
| high leptospira diversity in animals and humans complicates the search for common reservoirs of human disease in rural ecuador. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease responsible for high morbidity around the world, especially in tropical and low income countries. rats are thought to be the main vector of human leptospirosis in urban settings. however, differences between urban and low-income rural communities provide additional insights into the epidemiology of the disease. | 2016 | 27622673 |
| comprehensive approach for predicting toxicological effects of ionic liquids on several biological systems using unified descriptors. | the challenge and opportunity for design of environmentally-benign ionic liquids (ils) would start from prediction of their toxicological effects on several endpoints solely based on the structural formulas. especially, a comprehensive yet simple equation able to predict several biological responses to il toxicity is of much advantage. therefore, based on 50 toxicity testing systems on ils a comprehensively approachable prediction method was developed. for the modelling, approximately 1600 toxic ... | 2016 | 27624396 |
| neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy: an unusual cause of hypoxemia in children. | childhood interstitial lung disease (child) is a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by abnormal imaging findings, impaired gas exchange; and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (nehi) is a unique sub-group, which is more prevalent in infants and children younger than 2 years of age, and typically manifests with chronic tachypnea, retractions, hypoxemia and failure to thrive. nehi insidiously appears in the first year of life, s ... | 2016 | 27629751 |
| ceacam1: expression and role in melanocyte transformation. | metastases represent the main cause of death in melanoma patients. despite the current optimized targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors the treatment of metastatic melanoma is unsatisfactory. because of the poor prognosis of advanced melanoma there is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers to differentiate melanoma cells from normal melanocytes, to stratify patients according to their risk, and to identify subgroups of patients that require close follow-up or more aggressive therapy ... | 2016 | 27642217 |
| curative effects of suhuang zhike capsule on postinfectious cough: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. | objective. in this paper, we intended to systematically evaluate the efficacy of suhuang zhike capsule (szc) on postinfectious cough (pic) in adults (age > 18). methods. medline (pubmed), chinese national knowledge infrastructure (cnki), cqvip database (vip), and wanfang database were researched for the randomized controlled trials (rcts) of szc for pic. the search was limited to human studies, using the search keywords or free-text terms "cough," "post-infectious cough," "postinfectious cough," ... | 2016 | 27648104 |
| are respiratory viruses involved in preseasonal symptoms or severity in japanese cedar pollinosis? | respiratory virus infections are involved in asthma exacerbations. however, there are no reports of the relationship between respiratory virus infections and japanese cedar pollinosis. | 2016 | 27658182 |
| extraction of total nucleic acids from bacterial isolates using the biomérieux nuclisens easymag total nucleic acid extractor. | the biomerieux nuclisens easymag total nucleic acid extractor was evaluated for use on bacterial isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory. forty eight isolates were extracted, yielding quantifiable amounts of dna for all isolates. the easymag is appropriate for dna extraction from bacterial isolates and will be incorporated in the clinical laboratory. | 2016 | 27658494 |
| the healthy infant nasal transcriptome: a benchmark study. | responses by resident cells are likely to play a key role in determining the severity of respiratory disease. however, sampling of the airways poses a significant challenge, particularly in infants and children. here, we report a reliable method for obtaining nasal epithelial cell rna from infants for genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, and describe baseline expression characteristics in an asymptomatic cohort. nasal epithelial cells were collected by brushing of the inferior turbinates, and ge ... | 2016 | 27658638 |
| protective effect of xuebijing injection on d-galactosamine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in rats through the regulation of p38 mapk, mmp-9 and ho-1 expression by increasing tipe2 expression. | xuebijing injection (xbj) has long been used to treat infectious diseases in china. the therapeutic effect of xbj is probably associated with anti-inflammatory effects. however, the precise mechanisms responsible for the effects of xbj remain unknown. the present study was conducted in order to evaluate the protective effects of xbj in a rat model of d-galactosamine (d-gal)- and lipopolysaccharide (lps)‑induced acute liver injury. in the present study, the rats were injected with d-gal and lps i ... | 2016 | 27666960 |
| quantification of biofilm formation on silicone intranasal splints: an in vitro study. | biofilms are associated with persistent infections and resistant to conventional therapeutic strategies. the aim of this study was to investigate the quantity of biofilm produced on silicone intranasal splints. | 2016 | 27682847 |
| bioelectromagnetics research within an australian context: the australian centre for electromagnetic bioeffects research (acebr). | mobile phone subscriptions continue to increase across the world, with the electromagnetic fields (emf) emitted by these devices, as well as by related technologies such as wi-fi and smart meters, now ubiquitous. this increase in use and consequent exposure to mobile communication (mc)-related emf has led to concern about possible health effects that could arise from this exposure. although much research has been conducted since the introduction of these technologies, uncertainty about the impac ... | 2016 | 27690076 |
| breathing better through bugs: asthma and the microbiome. | asthma is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by inflammation of the airways, which invokes symptoms such as wheeze, dyspnea, and chest tightness. asthma is the product of multiple interconnected immunological processes and represents a constellation of related, but distinct, disease phenotypes. the prevalence of asthma has more than doubled since the 1980s, and efforts to understand this increase have inspired consideration of the microbiome as a key player in the pathophysiology and r ... | 2016 | 27698615 |
| the economic burden of otitis media in korea, 2012: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. | background. otitis media (om) is a common communicable disease that is associated with a substantial economic burden. however, no korean studies have evaluated om-related trends after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. purpose. this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and economic burden of om in korea using nationally representative data. methods. the burden of om was estimated nationally representative data such as national health insurance claims data from 2012, based ... | 2016 | 27703971 |
| multidrug efflux pumps at the crossroad between antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence. | multidrug efflux pumps can be involved in bacterial resistance to antibiotics at different levels. some efflux pumps are constitutively expressed at low levels and contribute to intrinsic resistance. in addition, their overexpression may allow higher levels of resistance. this overexpression can be transient, in the presence of an effector (phenotypic resistance), or constitutive when mutants in the regulatory elements of the expression of efflux pumps are selected (acquired resistance). efflux ... | 2016 | 27708632 |
| throat swabs and sputum culture as predictors of p. aeruginosa or s. aureus lung colonization in adult cystic fibrosis patients. | due to frequent infections in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, repeated respiratory cultures are obtained to inform treatment. when patients are unable to expectorate sputum, clinicians obtain throat swabs as a surrogate for lower respiratory cultures. there is no clear data in adult subjects demonstrating the adequacy of throat swabs as a surrogate for sputum or bal. our study was designed to determine the utility of throat swabs in identifying lung colonization with common organisms in adults wi ... | 2016 | 27711152 |
| antimicrobial, antiviral and immunomodulatory activity studies of pelargonium sidoides (eps(®) 7630) in the context of health promotion. | pelargonium species contribute significantly to the health care of a large population in the southern african region, as part of a long-standing medical system intimately linked to traditional healing practices. most notably, extracts of the roots of p. sidoides have commonly been applied for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea but only occasionally for respiratory complaints. clinical trials have shown that a modern aqueous-ethanolic formulation of p. sidoides extracts (eps(®) 7630) is an ... | 2011 | 27721327 |
| cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of annona muricata, passiflora edulis and nine other cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. | cancer cells rapidly acquire resistance leading to treatment failures. in the present study, we have evaluated the cytotoxicity of 17 methanol extracts from 11 cameroonian medicinal plants against the sensitive leukemia ccrf-cem cells and the best ones were further tested on a panel of 8 other human cancer cell lines, including various mdr phenotypes as well as against the normal aml12 hepatocytes. | 2016 | 27730025 |
| trans-basement membrane migration of eosinophils induced by lps-stimulated neutrophils from human peripheral blood in vitro. | in the airways of severe asthmatics, an increase of neutrophils and eosinophils is often observed despite high-dose corticosteroid therapy. we previously reported that interleukin-8-stimulated neutrophils induced trans-basement membrane migration (tbm) of eosinophils, suggesting the link between neutrophils and eosinophils. concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the airway increase in severe asthma. as neutrophils express toll-like receptor (tlr)4 and can release chemoattractants for eosi ... | 2015 | 27730145 |
| effect of high n-acetylcysteine concentrations on antibiotic activity against a large collection of respiratory pathogens. | the effect of high n-acetylcysteine (nac) concentrations (10 and 50 mm) on antibiotic activity against 40 strains of respiratory pathogens was investigated. nac compromised the activity of carbapenems (of mostly imipenem and, to lesser extents, meropenem and ertapenem) in a dose-dependent fashion. we demonstrated chemical instability of carbapenems in the presence of nac. with other antibiotics, 10 mm nac had no major effects, while 50 mm nac sporadically decreased (ceftriaxone and aminoglycosid ... | 2016 | 27736757 |
| nasal carriage of common bacterial pathogens among healthy kindergarten children in chaoshan region, southern china: a cross-sectional study. | nasal colonization with bacterial pathogens is associated with risk of invasive respiratory tract infections, but the related information for chinese healthy children is scarce. | 2016 | 27741941 |
| chronic suppurative lung disease in adults. | chronic suppurative lung disease (csld), characterized by a bronchiectasis-like syndrome in the absence of bronchial dilatation, is well described in the pediatric literature. in some patients, it may be a precursor of bronchiectasis. in adults, this syndrome has not been well described. we present four adult patients without obvious causative exposures who presented with prolonged cough and purulent sputum. sputum cultures revealed a variety of gram negative bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria. hi ... | 2016 | 27747039 |
| comparative analysis of membrane vesicles from three piscirickettsia salmonis isolates reveals differences in vesicle characteristics. | membrane vesicles (mvs) are spherical particles naturally released from the membrane of gram-negative bacteria. bacterial mv production is associated with a range of phenotypes including biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, toxin delivery, modulation of host immune responses and virulence. this study reports comparative profiling of mvs from bacterial strains isolated from three widely disperse geographical areas. mass spectrometry identified 119, 159 and 142 proteins in mvs from three d ... | 2016 | 27764198 |
| [increasing incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical microorganisms]. | knowing the most common microorganisms in our environment can help us to make proper empirical treatment decisions. the aim is to identify those microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia. | 2016 | 27773623 |
| use of next generation sequence to investigate potential novel macrolide resistance mechanisms in a population of moraxella catarrhalis isolates. | although previous studies have confirmed that 23s rrna gene mutation could be responsible for most of macrolide resistance in m. catarrhalis, a recent study suggested otherwise. next generation sequence based comparative genomics has revolutionized the mining of potential novel drug resistant mechanisms. in this study, two pairs of resistant and susceptible m. catarrhalis isolates with different multilocus sequence types, were investigated for potential differential genes or informative single n ... | 2016 | 27774989 |
| respiratory microbes present in the nasopharynx of children hospitalised with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in cape town, south africa. | lower respiratory tract infection in children is increasingly thought to be polymicrobial in origin. children with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) may have tuberculosis, other respiratory tract infections or co-infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens. we aimed to identify the presence of potential respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal (np) samples from children with suspected ptb. | 2016 | 27776489 |
| microorganisms causing community-acquired acute bronchitis: the role of bacterial infection. | although acute bronchitis is quite common, there is relatively limited information regarding the microorganisms that are involved in this illness. | 2016 | 27788254 |
| c-reactive protein in outpatients with acute exacerbation of copd: its relationship with microbial etiology and severity. | c-reactive protein (crp) measurement has proven valuable for detecting exacerbations, but its usefulness in predicting etiology remains controversial. likewise, its potential value as a marker of severity, which is well established in patients with pneumonia, remains unproven in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations. | 2016 | 27799762 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of nitrobenzyl-oxy-phenol derivatives. | two hydroquinone derivatives were prepared and their antimicrobial activity evaluated. their minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined using a broth dilution method. gentamycin and ciprofloxacin were used as reference antibiotics. the antimicrobial activity of 4-(benzyloxy)phenol (monobenzone) was also evaluated based on its structural similarity to the new compounds; activity was comparable to that of 3,5-dimethyl-4-((4-nitrobenzyl)oxy)phenol (4a). 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-((4-nitrobenz ... | 2016 | 27803461 |
| multifunctional and redundant roles of borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins in tissue adhesion, colonization, and complement evasion. | borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme disease in the u.s., with at least 25,000 cases reported to the cdc each year. b. burgdorferi is thought to enter and exit the bloodstream to achieve rapid dissemination to distal tissue sites during infection. travel through the bloodstream requires evasion of immune surveillance and pathogen clearance in the host, a process at which b. burgdorferi is adept. b. burgdorferi encodes greater than 19 adhesive outer surface proteins many of which h ... | 2016 | 27818662 |
| abstracts from the 16th international congress on circumpolar health. | 2016 | 27829488 | |
| coevolution of paired receptors in xenopus carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule families suggests appropriation as pathogen receptors. | in mammals, ceacam1 and closely related members represent paired receptors with similar extracellular ligand-binding regions and cytoplasmic domains with opposing functions. human ceacam1 and ceacam3 which have inhibitory itim/itsm and activating itam-like motifs, respectively, in their cytoplasmic regions are such paired receptors. various bacterial pathogens bind to ceacam1 on epithelial and immune cells facilitating both entry into the host and down-regulation of the immune response whereas i ... | 2016 | 27852220 |
| antimicrobial resistance and clinical outcomes in nursing home-acquired pneumonia, compared to community-acquired pneumonia. | patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (nhap) should be treated as hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) according to guidelines published in 2005. however, controversy still exists on whether the high mortality of nhap results from multidrug resistant pathogens or underlying disease. we aimed to outline differences and factors contributing to mortality between nhap and community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients. | 2016 | 27873512 |
| antimicrobial resistance and clinical outcomes in nursing home-acquired pneumonia, compared to community-acquired pneumonia. | patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia (nhap) should be treated as hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) according to guidelines published in 2005. however, controversy still exists on whether the high mortality of nhap results from multidrug resistant pathogens or underlying disease. we aimed to outline differences and factors contributing to mortality between nhap and community-acquired pneumonia (cap) patients. | 2016 | 27873512 |
| the outer membrane protein cd is associated with resistance to penicillins in moraxella catarrhalis. | 2015 | 27873716 | |
| common lung microbiome identified among mechanically ventilated surgical patients. | the examination of the pulmonary microbiome in patients with non-chronic disease states has not been extensively examined. traditional culture based screening methods are often unable to identify bacteria from bronchoalveolar lavage samples. the advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies allows for a culture-independent molecular based analysis to determine the microbial composition in the lung of this patient population. for this study, the ion torrent pgm system was used to assess ... | 2016 | 27898681 |
| oldenlandia diffusa extract inhibits biofilm formation by haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. | oldenlandia diffusa has been empirically used as a therapeutic adjunct for the treatment of respiratory infections. to establish the basic evidence of its clinical usefulness, antimicrobial and biofilm inhibitory activities of an o. diffusa extract were examined against clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, a major causative pathogen of respiratory and sensory organ infections. no significant growth inhibitory activity was observed during incubation for more than 6 h after the extract add ... | 2016 | 27902758 |
| pharmacological management and prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hospitalized patients. | rapid-acting bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and antibiotics are among the keys to managing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. preventing exacerbations should also be a component of therapy for the disease. | 2016 | 27904303 |
| the effect of daily sedation interruption protocol on early incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in critical care units receiving mechanical ventilation. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common side effect in patients who receive intravenous sedation infusion. in routine care, after starting sedation infusion for patients who receive mechanical ventilation, interruption of sedation starts without protocol. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily sedation vacation protocol on the incidence of vap in mechanically ventilated patients. | 2016 | 27904641 |
| interactions of respiratory viruses and the nasal microbiota during the first year of life in healthy infants. | traditional culture techniques have shown that increased bacterial colonization is associated with viral colonization; however, the influence of viral colonization on the whole microbiota composition is less clear. we thus aimed to understand the interaction of viral infections and the nasal microbiota in early life to appraise their roles in disease development. thirty-two healthy, unselected infants were included in this prospective longitudinal cohort study within the first year of life. biwe ... | 2016 | 27904883 |
| increased nasopharyngeal density and concurrent carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are associated with pneumonia in febrile children. | we assessed nasopharyngeal (np) carriage of five pathogens in febrile children with and without acute respiratory infection (ari) of the upper (urti) or lower tract, attending health facilities in tanzania. | 2016 | 27907156 |
| 'the microbiome and the pathophysiology of asthma'. | asthma is a chronic respiratory disease whose prevalence is increasing in the western world. recently research has begun to focus on the role the microbiome plays in asthma pathogenesis in the hope of further understanding this respiratory disorder. considered sterile until recently, the lungs have revealed themselves to contain a unique microbiota. a shift towards molecular methods for the quantification and sequencing of microbial dna has revealed that the airways harbour a unique microbiota w ... | 2016 | 27919249 |
| positive clinical outcomes derived from using streptococcus salivarius k12 to prevent streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children: a pilot investigation. | streptococcus salivarius k12 (blis k12(®)) is a probiotic strain producing the bacteriocins salivaricin a2 and salivaricin b, both of which strongly antagonize the growth of streptococcus pyogenes, the most important bacterial cause of pharyngeal infections in humans. it successfully colonizes and exhibits persistence in the oral cavity and is endowed with an excellent safety profile. previous observations of a small group of children indicated that the use of blis k12 could also reduce the occu ... | 2016 | 27920580 |
| bronchiectasis in the last five years: new developments. | bronchiectasis, a chronic lung disease characterised by cough and purulent sputum, recurrent infections, and airway damage, is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. to date, treatment options have been limited to physiotherapy to clear sputum and antibiotics to treat acute infections. over the last decade, there has been significant progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and microbiology of this disorder. over the last five years, methods of assessing severi ... | 2016 | 27941638 |
| respiratory infection rates differ between geographically distant paediatric cystic fibrosis cohorts. | respiratory infections are a major cause of pulmonary decline in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). we compared the prevalence of infection in early life at geographically distant cf treatment centres participating in the same surveillance programme in australia. lower airway microbiology, inflammation and structural lung disease at annual review were evaluated for 260 children 0-8 years old with cf at 1032 visits to cf treatment centres in melbourne or perth. melbourne patients were more likel ... | 2016 | 27957481 |
| clinical features and outcomes of ipf patients hospitalized for pulmonary infection: a japanese cohort study. | many patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf) undergo hospitalizations due to pulmonary infections. we retrospectively investigated the characteristics of hospitalizations due to pulmonary infection in patients with ipf to elucidate causative pathogens and mortality. we reviewed patients with ipf who were admitted between january 2008 and december 2014 for pulmonary infections including pneumonia and bronchitis. the causative pathogen, the relationship between the site of pneumonia and ... | 2016 | 27959904 |
| ecthyma associated with moraxella and staphylococcus epidermidis. | 2016 | 27981222 | |
| deciphering upper respiratory tract microbiota complexity in healthy calves and calves that develop respiratory disease using shotgun metagenomics. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is a multifactorial disorder responsible for severe economic losses in dairy and feedlot herds. advances in next-generation sequencing mean that microbial communities in clinical samples, including non-culturable bacteria, can be characterized. our aim was to evaluate the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves and calves with brd using whole-genome sequencing (shotgun metagenomics). we performed deep nasopharyngeal swabs on 16 holstein heifer ... | 2017 | 27988122 |
| microbiological features of upper respiratory tract infections in bulgarian children for the period 1998-2014. | across the globe, upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) are the most prevalent cause of morbidity in childhood. | 2016 | 27994923 |
| repetitive elements in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae transcriptional regulation. | transcriptional regulation, a multiple-step process, is still poorly understood in the important pig pathogen mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. basic motifs like promoters and terminators have already been described, but no other cis-regulatory elements have been found. dna repeat sequences have been shown to be an interesting potential source of cis-regulatory elements. in this work, a genome-wide search for tandem and palindromic repetitive elements was performed in the intergenic regions of all codin ... | 2016 | 28005945 |
| the capricious nature of bacterial pathogens: phasevarions and vaccine development. | infectious diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and vaccines are one of the most successful and cost-effective tools for disease prevention. one of the key considerations for rational vaccine development is the selection of appropriate antigens. antigens must induce a protective immune response, and this response should be directed to stably expressed antigens so the target microbe can always be recognized by the immune system. antigens with variable expression, due ... | 2016 | 28018352 |
| recent epidemiology of streptococcus pneumoniae in nasopharynxes of korean children with acute otitis media. | this prospective study was performed to evaluate serotype distribution, multilocus sequence typing, and antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae identified in korean children with acute otitis media (aom) after the introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7). | 2017 | 28024738 |
| evidence and evidence gaps in the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media. | evidence-based medicine is an approach to medical treatment intended to optimize patient-oriented decision-making on the basis of empirically proven effectiveness. for this purpose, a classification system has been established to categorize studies - and hence therapy options - in respect of associated evidence according to defined criteria. the eustachian tube connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear cavity. its key function is to ensure middle ear ventilation. compromised ventilation resul ... | 2016 | 28025605 |
| collective resistance in microbial communities by intracellular antibiotic deactivation. | the structure and composition of bacterial communities can compromise antibiotic efficacy. for example, the secretion of β-lactamase by individual bacteria provides passive resistance for all residents within a polymicrobial environment. here, we uncover that collective resistance can also develop via intracellular antibiotic deactivation. real-time luminescence measurements and single-cell analysis demonstrate that the opportunistic human pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae grows in medium supple ... | 2016 | 28027306 |
| the developing hypopharyngeal microbiota in early life. | the airways of healthy humans harbor a distinct microbial community. perturbations in the microbial community have been associated with disease, yet little is known about the formation and development of a healthy airway microbiota in early life. our goal was to understand the establishment of the airway microbiota within the first 3 months of life. we investigated the hypopharyngeal microbiota in the unselected copsac2010 cohort of 700 infants, using 16s rrna gene sequencing of hypopharyngeal a ... | 2016 | 28038686 |
| pediatric rhinosinusitis. | rhinosinusitis, is defined as an inflammation of the paranasal and nasal sinus mucosae. chronic rhinosinusitis (crs)is a common problem in the pediatric age group and the diagnosis and treatment are challenging due to the chronicity and similarity of symptoms with allergic rhinitis and adenoid hypertrophy. although it is less common than acute rhinosinusitis, crs is becoming more frequent and significantly affects the quality of life in children and can substantially impair daily function. crs i ... | 2016 | 28042527 |
| secondary metabolites from bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from soil can kill burkholderia pseudomallei. | bacillus species are gram-positive bacteria found in abundance in nature and their secondary metabolites were found to possess various potential activities, notably antimicrobial. in this study, bacillus amyloliquefaciens n2-4 and n3-8 were isolated from soil and their metabolites could kill burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium also found in soil in its endemic areas. moreover, the metabolites were able to kill drug resistant isolates of b. pseudomallei and also inhibi ... | 2017 | 28050857 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics and production of bro β-lactamase in clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis from a japanese hospital. | we investigated bro-β-lactamase production of moraxella catarrhalis isolates and its antimicrobial susceptibility to β-lactams. of the 233 isolates, 232 were bro producers and 224 were bro-1 producers. four isolates exhibited elevated ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration (2 μg/ml) and different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and we expect this number to increase in the near future. | 2016 | 28057435 |
| acyl chain preference and inhibitor identification of moraxella catarrhalis lpxa: insight through crystal structure and computational studies. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is an important surface component and a potential virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacteria. udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase (lpxa) enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of lps biosynthesis, reversible transfer of r-3-hydroxy-acyl moiety from donor r-3-hydroxy-acyl-acyl carrier protein to the 3' hydroxyl position of udp-n-acetyl-glucosamine. lpxa enzyme's essentiality in bacterial survival and absence of any homologous protein in humans makes i ... | 2017 | 28057571 |
| shifted focus of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected thoracic malignancy: an analysis of 224 patients. | bronchoscopies are extensively adopted for diagnosing and staging thoracic malignancies, but studies are missing as how to keep the process streamlined and more efficient. to evaluate current role of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for cancer and possible infection diagnosis when practicing comprehensive bronchoscopy for patients suspected with thoracic malignancy, and provide foundation for possible practice modification. | 2016 | 28066604 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in warao amerindians: significant relationship with stunting. | to assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens in geographically isolated warao amerindians in venezuela. | 2017 | 28072501 |
| recurrent pneumonia among japanese adults: disease burden and risk factors. | in japan and other societies with rapidly aging populations, recurrent pneumonia (rp) is a major clinical problem yet only limited information exists regarding the burden of this disease. | 2017 | 28077107 |
| the evolution of human basophil biology from neglect towards understanding of their immune functions. | being discovered long ago basophils have been neglected for more than a century. during the past decade evidence emerged that basophils share features of innate and adaptive immunity. nowadays, basophils are best known for their striking effector role in the allergic reaction. they hence have been used for establishing new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches and for characterizing natural and recombinant allergens as well as hypoallergens, which display lower or diminished ige-binding ac ... | 2016 | 28078302 |
| identification of aeromonas hydrophila genes preferentially expressed after phagocytosis by tetrahymena and involvement of methionine sulfoxide reductases. | free-living protozoa affect the survival and virulence evolution of pathogens in the environment. in this study, we explored the fate of aeromonas hydrophila when co-cultured with the bacteriovorous ciliate tetrahymena thermophila and investigated bacterial gene expression associated with the co-culture. virulent a. hydrophila strains were found to have ability to evade digestion in the vacuoles of this protozoan. in a. hydrophila, a total of 116 genes were identified as up-regulated following c ... | 2016 | 28083518 |
| aqueous humor antimicrobial activity: in vitro analysis after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application. | to assess aqueous humor antimicrobial activity in vitro after topical 0.5% chloramphenicol application. | 2017 | 28085501 |
| microbiology of otitis media in indigenous australian children: review. | to review research addressing the polymicrobial aetiology of otitis media in indigenous australian children in order to identify research gaps and inform best practice in effective prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. | 2017 | 28088924 |
| oral microbiota in infants fed a formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes - a randomized controlled trial. | in a recent study, supplementation of infant formula with milk fat globule membranes (mfgm) decreased the incidence of otitis media in infants <6 months of age. | 2017 | 28099499 |
| evaluation of three sample preparation methods for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood cultures by maldi-tof. | patient mortality is significantly reduced by rapid identification of bacteria from sterile sites. maldi-tof can identify bacteria directly from positive blood cultures and multiple sample preparation methods are available. we evaluated three sample preparation methods and two maldi-tof score cut-off values. positive blood culture bottles with organisms present in gram stains were prospectively analysed by maldi-tof. three lysis reagents (saponin, sds, and sepsityper lysis bufer) were applied to ... | 2017 | 28100271 |
| prospective evaluation of the aetiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation. | to evaluate the aetiological role of the main bacterial pathogens associated with acute otitis media (aom) in children with aom and spontaneous tympanic membrane perforation (stmp). | 2017 | 28110050 |
| cftr founder mutation causes protein trafficking defects in chinese patients with cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a rare condition in asians. since 1985, only about 30 chinese patients have been reported with molecular confirmation. | 2016 | 28116329 |
| cftr founder mutation causes protein trafficking defects in chinese patients with cystic fibrosis. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is a rare condition in asians. since 1985, only about 30 chinese patients have been reported with molecular confirmation. | 2016 | 28116329 |
| the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | pneumococcal pneumonia is the most frequent form of pneumonia. we herein assessed the effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppsv23) in the prevention of pneumonia overall in rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients at risk for infections. we hypothesized that ppsv23 vaccination is superior in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia compared with placebo in ra patients. | 2017 | 28122642 |
| prospective surveillance of healthcare associated infections in a cambodian pediatric hospital. | healthcare associated infections (hai) are the most common preventable adverse events following admission to healthcare facilities. data from low-income countries are scarce. we sought to prospectively define hai incidence at angkor hospital for children (ahc), a cambodian pediatric referral hospital. | 2017 | 28138385 |
| prelp enhances host innate immunity against the respiratory tract pathogen moraxella catarrhalis. | respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide urging better understanding of interactions between pathogens causing these infections and the host. here we report that an extracellular matrix component proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (prelp) is a novel antibacterial component of innate immunity. we detected the presence of prelp in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and showed that prelp can be found in alveolar fluid, resident macrophages ... | 2017 | 28148731 |
| an investigation of the frequency of upper respiratory tract infection pathogens and their antibiotic patterns in tonsils and adenoids of adenotonsillectomy patients. | we aimed to investigate the potentially pathogenic bacteria of upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics. | 2016 | 28164610 |
| longitudinal assessment of sputum microbiome by sequencing of the 16s rrna gene in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients. | bronchiectasis is accompanied by chronic bronchial infection that may drive disease progression. however, the evidence base for antibiotic therapy is limited. dna based methods offer better identification and quantification of microbial constituents of sputum than standard clinical culture and may help inform patient management strategies. our study objective was to determine the longitudinal variability of the non-cystic fibrosis (cf) bronchiectasis microbiome in sputum with respect to clinical ... | 2017 | 28170403 |
| do we need a vaccine against moraxella catarrhalis in chronic lung disease? what are the options and opportunities? | moraxella catarrhalis is the second most common cause of exacerbations in adults with copd, resulting in enormous morbidity and mortality in this clinical setting. vaccine development for m. catarrhalis has lagged behind the other two important causes of exacerbations in copd, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. while no licensed vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis, several promising candidate vaccine antigens have been identified and characterized and ... | 2017 | 28185742 |
| surveillance of omadacycline activity tested against clinical isolates from a global (north america, europe, latin america and asia-western pacific) collection (2010-2011). | omadacycline is a broad spectrum aminomethylcycline in late-stage clinical development for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired pneumonia as both an oral and intravenous, once-daily formulation. in this report omadacycline and comparators were tested against 69,246 non-duplicate bacterial isolates collected prospectively during 2010 and 2011 from medical centers in asia-pacific (11,397 isolates), europe (23,490 isolates), latin america (8,038 isolates) and no ... | 2017 | 28223386 |
| can contaminated water be rendered safe for nasal saline irrigations? | to compare sterile water to three methods of sterilization (carbon filtration, boiling, and ultraviolet [uv] light) for preparation of nasal saline irrigants free of bacterial and amebic contaminants. | 2017 | 28224696 |
| comparison of pathogen eradication rate and safety of anti-bacterial agents for bronchitis: a network meta-analysis. | a large number of population in both developing and developed countries are affected by bronchitis, among all the factors, bacterial infection was considered as a critical cause of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. although several anti-bacterial agents were proved to have the effect of alleviating bronchitis, their relative efficacies and potential side effects remained not clear. we are keen to compare the pathogen eradication rate and safety of anti-bacterial agents for bronchitis. | 2017 | 28230273 |
| moraxella catarrhalis macrolide-resistant isolates are highly concentrated in two mlst clonal complexes -ccn10 and cc363. | to gain some insights into the molecular evolution of moraxella catarrhalis macrolide resistance, pcr and sequencing analysis of the 23s rrna gene, copb typing and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) were performed on 181 m. catarrhalis isolates. the isolates were obtained from children (n = 47) and adults (n = 134) presenting with respiratory disease in the years 2010-2014. macrolide resistance was highly age-related, and nucleotide position alterations at a2330t could be detected in all macrolid ... | 2017 | 28239374 |
| simultaneous detection of nine key bacterial respiratory pathogens using luminex xtag(®) technology. | early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to the outcome of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). in this study, we developed an assay combining multiplex pcr and luminex technology (mplt) for the detection of nine important respiratory bacterial pathogens, which frequently cause lrtis. these were streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsie ... | 2017 | 28241513 |
| fluorocycline tp-271 is potent against complicated community-acquired bacterial pneumonia pathogens. | tp-271 is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic in clinical development for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by susceptible and multidrug-resistant pathogens. tp-271 was active in mic assays against key community respiratory gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 = 0.03 µg/ml), methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa; mic90 = 0.25 µg/ml), methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa; mic90 = 0.12 µg/ml), streptococcus pyo ... | 2017 | 28251179 |
| design, synthesis and structure-bactericidal activity relationships of novel 9-oxime ketolides and reductive epimers of acylides. | erythromycin was long viewed as a bacteriostatic agent. the erythromycin derivatives, 9-oxime ketolides have a species-specific bactericidal profile. among them, the 3'-allyl version of the 9-oxime ketolide 1 (ar=3-quinolyl; 17a) is bactericidal against streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes. in contrast, the 2-fluoro analogs of 1, 13a (ar=6-quinolyl), 13b (ar=3-quinolyl) and 24a (ar=4-isoquinolyl), show bactericidal activities against s. pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and moraxe ... | 2017 | 28256375 |
| nonantibiotic macrolides restore airway macrophage phagocytic function with potential anti-inflammatory effects in chronic lung diseases. | we reported defective efferocytosis associated with cigarette smoking and/or airway inflammation in chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe asthma, and childhood bronchiectasis. we also showed defects in phagocytosis of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), a common colonizer of the lower airway in these diseases. these defects could be substantially overcome with low-dose azithromycin; however, chronic use may induce bacterial resistance. the aim of t ... | 2017 | 28258107 |
| il-33/st2 immune responses to respiratory bacteria in pediatric asthma. | here we investigated the relationship between local bacterial colonization and anti-bacterial immune responses in pre-school asthmatic and control children within the eu-wide study predicta. in this cohort of pre-school asthmatic children, nasopharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacteria such as haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis was found to be associated with the highest interferon beta (ifnβ) and il-33 levels in the nasal pharyngeal fluids (npf). il33r-st2 was found induc ... | 2017 | 28262704 |