Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in ferret and the histological assessment of the endoscopic biopsies. | 2016 | 26684485 | |
| nb protein does not affect influenza b virus replication in vitro and is not required for replication in or transmission between ferrets. | the influenza b virus encodes a unique protein, nb, a membrane protein whose function in the replication cycle is not, as yet, understood. we engineered a recombinant influenza b virus lacking nb expression, with no concomitant difference in expression or activity of viral neuraminidase (na) protein, an important caveat since na is encoded on the same segment and initiated from a start codon just 4 nt downstream of nb. replication of the virus lacking nb was not different to wild-type virus with ... | 2016 | 26703440 |
| supplementation of h1n1pdm09 split vaccine with heterologous tandem repeat m2e5x virus-like particles confers improved cross-protection in ferrets. | current influenza vaccines induce strain-specific immunity to the highly variable hemagglutinin (ha) protein. it is therefore a high priority to develop vaccines that induce broadly cross-protective immunity to different strains of influenza. since influenza a m2 proteins are highly conserved among different strains, five tandem repeats of the extracellular peptide of m2 in a membrane-anchored form on virus-like particles (vlps) have been suggested to be a promising candidate for universal influ ... | 2016 | 26709639 |
| emergence of a sylvatic enzootic formosan ferret badger-associated rabies in taiwan and the geographical separation of two phylogenetic groups of rabies viruses. | taiwan had been declared rabies-free in humans and domestic animals for five decades until july 2013, when surprisingly, three formosan ferret badgers (fb) were diagnosed with rabies. since then, a variety of wild carnivores and other wildlife species have been found dead, neurologically ill, or exhibiting aggressive behaviors around the island. to determine the affected animal species, geographic areas, and environments, animal bodies were examined for rabies by direct fluorescent antibody test ... | 2016 | 26711025 |
| prevalence, genetics, and transmissibility in ferrets of eurasian avian-like h1n1 swine influenza viruses. | pigs are important intermediate hosts for generating novel influenza viruses. the eurasian avian-like h1n1 (eah1n1) swine influenza viruses (sivs) have circulated in pigs since 1979, and human cases associated with eah1n1 sivs have been reported in several countries. however, the biologic properties of eah1n1 sivs are largely unknown. here, we performed extensive influenza surveillance in pigs in china and isolated 228 influenza viruses from 36,417 pigs. we found that 139 of the 228 strains from ... | 2016 | 26711995 |
| hemagglutinin stalk immunity reduces influenza virus replication and transmission in ferrets. | we assessed whether influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based immunity protects ferrets against aerosol-transmitted h1n1 influenza virus infection. immunization of ferrets by a universal influenza virus vaccine strategy based on viral vectors expressing chimeric hemagglutinin constructs induced stalk-specific antibody responses. stalk-immunized ferrets were cohoused with h1n1-infected ferrets under conditions that permitted virus transmission. hemagglutinin stalk-immunized ferrets had lower vira ... | 2015 | 26719251 |
| characterization of the localized immune response in the respiratory tract of ferrets following infection with influenza a and b viruses. | the burden of infection with seasonal influenza viruses is significant. each year is typically characterized by the dominance of one (sub)type or lineage of influenza a or b virus, respectively. the incidence of disease varies annually, and while this may be attributed to a particular virus strain or subtype, the impacts of prior immunity, population differences, and variations in clinical assessment are also important. to improve our understanding of the impacts of seasonal influenza viruses, w ... | 2015 | 26719259 |
| identification of stabilizing mutations in an h5 hemagglutinin influenza virus protein. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the h5n1 subtype continue to circulate in poultry in asia, africa, and the middle east. recently, outbreaks of novel reassortant h5 viruses have also occurred in north america. although the number of human infections with highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza viruses continues to rise, these viruses remain unable to efficiently transmit between humans. however, we and others have identified h5 viruses capable of respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. ... | 2015 | 26719265 |
| correction for moore et al., severity of clinical disease and pathology in ferrets experimentally infected with influenza viruses is influenced by inoculum volume. | 2016 | 26719560 | |
| multiscale computational model of fluid flow and matrix deformation in decellularized liver. | currently little is known about the biomechanical environment in decellularized tissue. the goal of this research is to quantify the mechanical microenvironment in decellularized liver, for varying organ-scale perfusion conditions, using a combined experimental/computational approach. needle-guided ultra-miniature pressure sensors were inserted into liver tissue to measure parenchymal fluid pressure ex-situ in portal vein-perfused native (n=5) and decellularized (n=7) ferret liver, for flow rate ... | 2016 | 26722987 |
| voltage-sensitive dye imaging of neocortical activity. | neural computations underlying sensory perception, cognition, and motor control are performed by populations of neurons at different anatomical and temporal scales. few techniques are currently available for exploring the dynamics of local and large range populations. voltage-sensitive dye imaging (vsdi), based on organic voltage probes, reveals neural population activity in areas ranging from a few tens of micrometers to a couple of centimeters, or two areas up to ~10 cm apart. vsdi provides a ... | 2016 | 26729915 |
| cytological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid acquired by bronchoscopy in healthy ferrets: a pilot study. | the objective of this study was to investigate the normal cytological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid in healthy adult ferrets (n = 12). these ferrets underwent bronchoscopy and bal using sterile saline [1.5 ml/kg body weight (bw)]. percentage of fluid recovered, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, and cell count of the epithelial lining fluid (elf) were determined. the mean percentage of lavage volume recovered from the right lung and left lung were 67.8 ± 14.9 ... | 2016 | 26733735 |
| anesthesia-related changes in information transfer may be caused by reduction in local information generation. | in anesthesia research it is an open question how general anesthetics lead to loss of consciousness (loc). it has been proposed that loc may be caused by the disruption of cortical information processing, preventing information integration. therefore, recent studies investigating information processing under anesthesia focused on changes in information transfer, measured by transfer entropy (te). however, often this complex technique was not applied rigorously, using time series in symbolic repr ... | 2015 | 26737182 |
| incorporating midbrain adaptation to mean sound level improves models of auditory cortical processing. | adaptation to stimulus statistics, such as the mean level and contrast of recently heard sounds, has been demonstrated at various levels of the auditory pathway. it allows the nervous system to operate over the wide range of intensities and contrasts found in the natural world. yet current standard models of the response properties of auditory neurons do not incorporate such adaptation. here we present a model of neural responses in the ferret auditory cortex (the ic adaptation model), which tak ... | 2016 | 26758822 |
| accelerating influenza research: vaccines, antivirals, immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies. the manufacture of a new wild-type h3n2 virus for the human viral challenge model. | influenza and its associated diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. the united states advisory committee on immunization practices recommends influenza vaccination for everyone over 6 months of age. the failure of the flu vaccine in 2014-2015 demonstrates the need for a model that allows the rapid development of novel antivirals, universal/intra-seasonal vaccines, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies and other novel treatments. to this end we manufactured a new h3n2 influenza ... | 2016 | 26761707 |
| production of infectious ferret hepatitis e virus in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line plc/prf/5. | a strain of ferret hepatitis e virus (hev), sf4370, isolated from an imported ferret was used to inoculate a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, plc/prf/5. the virus genome and capsid protein were detected in the cell culture supernatant. immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that the capsid protein was located in the cytoplasm. the virus particles were purified from the culture supernatant by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. the capsid protein with molecular mass of ∼72 kda was detected in ... | 2016 | 26763355 |
| visually evoked spiking evolves while spontaneous ongoing dynamics persist. | neurons in the primary visual cortex spontaneously spike even when there are no visual stimuli. it is unknown whether the spiking evoked by visual stimuli is just a modification of the spontaneous ongoing cortical spiking dynamics or whether the spontaneous spiking state disappears and is replaced by evoked spiking. this study of laminar recordings of spontaneous spiking and visually evoked spiking of neurons in the ferret primary visual cortex shows that the spiking dynamics does not change: th ... | 2015 | 26778982 |
| ferret hepatitis e virus infection induces acute hepatitis and persistent infection in ferrets. | ferret hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel hepatitis e virus, has been identified in ferrets. however, the pathogenicity of ferret hev remains unclear. in the present study, we compared the hev rna-positivity rates and alanine aminotransferase (alt) levels of 63 ferrets between before and after import from the us to japan. we found that the ferret hev-rna positivity rates were increased from 12.7% (8/63) to 60.3% (38/63), and alt elevation was observed in 65.8% (25/38) of the ferret hev rna-positiv ... | 2016 | 26790932 |
| isolation, characterization, and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in ferrets. | the ferret canine tooth has been introduced as a suitable model for studying dental pulp regeneration. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize ferret dental pulp stem cells (fdpscs) and their differentiation potential. | 2016 | 26794343 |
| h7n9 live attenuated influenza vaccine is highly immunogenic, prevents virus replication, and protects against severe bronchopneumonia in ferrets. | avian influenza viruses continue to cross the species barrier, and if such viruses become transmissible among humans, it would pose a great threat to public health. since its emergence in china in 2013, h7n9 has caused considerable morbidity and mortality. in the absence of a universal influenza vaccine, preparedness includes development of subtype-specific vaccines. in this study, we developed and evaluated in ferrets an intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) against h7n9 based on ... | 2016 | 26796670 |
| circulation of influenza b lineages in northern viet nam, 2007-2014. | influenza b viruses circulate throughout viet nam, and their activities vary by region. there have been two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza b viruses co-circulating in the past 20 years; however, only one lineage is selected as a component of contemporary trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. to improve the understanding of circulating influenza b lineages and influenza vaccine mismatches, we report the virus lineages circulating in northern viet nam over an eight-year period (2007 ... | 2017 | 26798557 |
| developmental alcohol exposure leads to a persistent change on astrocyte secretome. | fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is the most common cause of mental disabilities in the western world. it has been quite established that acute alcohol exposure can dramatically affect astrocyte function. because the effects of early alcohol exposure on cell physiology can persist into adulthood, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol exposure in ferrets during a period equivalent to the last months of human gestation leads to persistent changes in astrocyte secretome in vitro. animals were treate ... | 2016 | 26801685 |
| molecular requirements for a pandemic influenza virus: an acid-stable hemagglutinin protein. | influenza pandemics require that a virus containing a hemagglutinin (ha) surface antigen previously unseen by a majority of the population becomes airborne-transmissible between humans. although the ha protein is central to the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus, its required molecular properties for sustained transmission between humans are poorly defined. during virus entry, the ha protein binds receptors and is triggered by low ph in the endosome to cause membrane fusion; during egress, ... | 2016 | 26811446 |
| stabilization of live attenuated influenza vaccines by freeze drying, spray drying, and foam drying. | the goal of this research is to develop stable formulations for live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv) by employing the drying methods freeze drying, spray drying, and foam drying. | 2016 | 26818839 |
| an atypical distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the hooded seal (cystophora cristata) brain may reflect a biochemical adaptation to diving. | the brains of some diving mammals can withstand periods of severe hypoxia without signs of deleterious effects. this may in part be due to an enhanced cerebral capacity for anaerobic energy production. here, we have tested this hypothesis by comparing various parameters of the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in the brain of the hooded seal (cystophora cristata) with those in the brains of the ferret (mustela putorius furo) and mouse (mus musculus). we found that mrna and protein expression of lactat ... | 2016 | 26820264 |
| activation of corticotropin releasing factor-containing neurons in the rat central amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis following exposure to two different anxiogenic stressors. | rats exposed to the odor of a predator or to the elevated plus maze (epm) express unique unconditioned fear behaviors. the extended amygdala has previously been demonstrated to mediate the response to both predator odor and the epm. we seek to determine if divergent amygdalar microcircuits are associated with the different behavioral responses. the current experiments compared activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-containing neuronal populations in the central amygdala and bed nucle ... | 2016 | 26821289 |
| palisade endings are a constant feature in the extraocular muscles of frontal-eyed, but not lateral-eyed, animals. | to test whether palisade endings are a general feature of mammalian extraocular muscles (eoms). | 2016 | 26830369 |
| statistical frequency-dependent analysis of trial-to-trial variability in single time series by recurrence plots. | for decades, research in neuroscience has supported the hypothesis that brain dynamics exhibits recurrent metastable states connected by transients, which together encode fundamental neural information processing. to understand the system's dynamics it is important to detect such recurrence domains, but it is challenging to extract them from experimental neuroscience datasets due to the large trial-to-trial variability. the proposed methodology extracts recurrent metastable states in univariate ... | 2015 | 26834580 |
| climbing fiber regulation of spontaneous purkinje cell activity and cerebellum-dependent blink responses(1,2,3). | it has been known for a long time that gabaergic purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, as well as their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, are spontaneously active. the cerebellar output will, therefore, depend on how input is integrated into this spontaneous activity. it has been shown that input from climbing fibers originating in the inferior olive controls the spontaneous activity in purkinje cells. while blocking climbing fiber input to the purkinje cells causes a dramatic increase ... | 2017 | 26839917 |
| inhibition of airway surface fluid absorption by cholinergic stimulation. | in upper airways airway surface liquid (asl) depth and clearance rates are both increased by fluid secretion. secretion is opposed by fluid absorption, mainly via the epithelial sodium channel, enac. in static systems, increased fluid depth activates enac and decreased depth inhibits it, suggesting that secretion indirectly activates enac to reduce asl depth. we propose an alternate mechanism in which cholinergic input, which causes copious airway gland secretion, also inhibits enac-mediated abs ... | 2016 | 26846701 |
| directed selection of influenza virus produces antigenic variants that match circulating human virus isolates and escape from vaccine-mediated immune protection. | influenza vaccination does not provide 100% protection from infection, partly due to antigenic drift of the haemagglutinin (ha) protein. low serum antibody titres increase the risk of infection. to determine whether there were additional correlates of risk, we examined the relationship between human serum immunity and antigenic variation in seasonal h3n2 influenza viruses. seasonal h3n2 vaccine strains grown in the presence of heterogeneous human or mono-specific ferret antisera selected variant ... | 2016 | 26854888 |
| a transient metabolic recovery from early life glucose intolerance in cystic fibrosis ferrets occurs during pancreatic remodeling. | cystic fibrosis (cf)-related diabetes in humans is intimately related to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, yet little is known about how these 2 disease processes simultaneously evolve in cf. in this context, we examined cf ferrets during the evolution of exocrine pancreatic disease. at 1 month of age, cf ferrets experienced a glycemic crisis with spontaneous diabetic-level hyperglycemia. this occurred during a spike in pancreatic inflammation that was preceded by pancreatic fibrosis and loss o ... | 2016 | 26862997 |
| selective bottlenecks shape evolutionary pathways taken during mammalian adaptation of a 1918-like avian influenza virus. | avian influenza virus reassortants resembling the 1918 human pandemic virus can become transmissible among mammals by acquiring mutations in hemagglutinin (ha) and polymerase. using the ferret model, we trace the evolutionary pathway by which an avian-like virus evolves the capacity for mammalian replication and airborne transmission. during initial infection, within-host ha diversity increased drastically. then, airborne transmission fixed two polymerase mutations that do not confer a detectabl ... | 2016 | 26867176 |
| integrated omics analysis of pathogenic host responses during pandemic h1n1 influenza virus infection: the crucial role of lipid metabolism. | pandemic influenza viruses modulate proinflammatory responses that can lead to immunopathogenesis. we present an extensive and systematic profiling of lipids, metabolites, and proteins in respiratory compartments of ferrets infected with either 1918 or 2009 human pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses. integrative analysis of high-throughput omics data with virologic and histopathologic data uncovered relationships between host responses and phenotypic outcomes of viral infection. proinflammatory lipid ... | 2016 | 26867183 |
| using the ferret as an animal model for investigating influenza antiviral effectiveness. | the concern of the emergence of a pandemic influenza virus has sparked an increased effort toward the development and testing of novel influenza antivirals. central to this is the animal model of influenza infection, which has played an important role in understanding treatment effectiveness and the effect of antivirals on host immune responses. among the different animal models of influenza, ferrets can be considered the most suitable for antiviral studies as they display most of the human-like ... | 2016 | 26870031 |
| the value of integrating pre-clinical data to predict nausea and vomiting risk in humans as illustrated by azd3514, a novel androgen receptor modulator. | nausea and vomiting are components of a complex mechanism that signals food avoidance and protection of the body against the absorption of ingested toxins. this response can also be triggered by pharmaceuticals. predicting clinical nausea and vomiting liability for pharmaceutical agents based on pre-clinical data can be problematic as no single animal model is a universal predictor. moreover, efforts to improve models are hampered by the lack of translational animal and human data in the public ... | 2016 | 26876616 |
| new england harbor seal h3n8 influenza virus retains avian-like receptor specificity. | an influenza h3n8 virus, carrying mammalian adaptation mutations, was isolated from new england harbor seals in 2011. we sought to assess the risk of its human transmissibility using two complementary approaches. first, we tested the binding of recombinant hemagglutinin (ha) proteins of seal h3n8 and human-adapted h3n2 viruses to respiratory tissues of humans and ferrets. for human tissues, we observed strong tendency of the seal h3 to bind to lung alveoli, which was in direct contrast to the hu ... | 2016 | 26888262 |
| encoding of natural sounds by variance of the cortical local field potential. | neural encoding of sensory stimuli is typically studied by averaging neural signals across repetitions of the same stimulus. however, recent work has suggested that the variance of neural activity across repeated trials can also depend on sensory inputs. here we characterize how intertrial variance of the local field potential (lfp) in primary auditory cortex of awake ferrets is affected by continuous natural sound stimuli. we find that natural sounds often suppress the intertrial variance of lo ... | 2016 | 26912594 |
| mammalian pathogenesis and transmission of h7n9 influenza viruses from three waves, 2013-2015. | three waves of human infection with h7n9 influenza viruses have concluded to date, but only viruses within the first wave (isolated between march and september 2013) have been extensively studied in mammalian models. while second- and third-wave viruses remain closely linked phylogenetically and antigenically, even subtle molecular changes can impart critical shifts in mammalian virulence. to determine if h7n9 viruses isolated from humans during 2013 to 2015 have maintained the phenotype first i ... | 2016 | 26912620 |
| establishment of serological test to detect antibody against ferret coronavirus. | since there is no available serological methods to detect antibodies to ferret coronavirus (frcov), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant partial nucleocapsid (n) proteins of the ferret coronavirus (frcov) yamaguchi-1 strain was developed to establish a serological method for detection of frcov infection. many serum samples collected from ferrets recognized both a.a. 1-179 and a.a. 180-374 of the n protein, but two serum samples did not a.a. 180-374 of the n protein. thi ... | 2016 | 26935842 |
| behavioural estimates of auditory filter widths in ferrets using notched-noise maskers. | frequency selectivity is a fundamental property of hearing which affects almost all aspects of auditory processing. here auditory filter widths at 1, 3, 7, and 10 khz were estimated from behavioural thresholds using the notched-noise method [patterson, nimmo-smith, weber, and milroy, j. acoust. soc. am. 72, 1788-1803 (1982)] in ferrets. the mean bandwidth was 21% of the signal frequency, excluding wider bandwidths at 1 khz (65%). they were comparable although on average broader than equivalent m ... | 2016 | 26936579 |
| endocrinopathy and aging in ferrets. | ferrets have become more popular as household pets and as animal models in biomedical research in the past 2 decades. the average life span of ferrets is about 5-11 years with onset of geriatric diseases between 3-4 years including endocrinopathies, neoplasia, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiomyopathy, splenomegaly, renal diseases, dental diseases, and cataract. endocrinopathies are the most common noninfectious disease affecting middle-aged and older ferrets. spontaneous neoplasms affecting the ... | 2016 | 26936751 |
| implementing the use of a biobank in the endangered black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes). | in the current global health climate, many conservation biologists are managing crisis situations, including increased species extinction rates. one strategy for securing wildlife populations into the future is to preserve biomaterials in genome resource banks (grb; or 'biobanks'). however, for grbs to be successful we must understand the fundamental reproductive biology of species, along with developing assisted reproductive techniques (arts), including ai and semen cryopreservation. art has be ... | 2016 | 26953795 |
| histological and immunohistochemical features of histiocytic sarcoma in four domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | four cases of histiocytic sarcoma in domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) are described in the present study. tumor samples obtained from the abdominal viscera, including the spleen, were submitted for histologic examination. microscopically, poorly demarcated masses contained numerous round- to pleomorphic-shaped cells with coarsely vacuolated and eosinophilic cytoplasm. bizarre, binucleated tumor cells and multinucleated giant tumor cells with low phagocytic activity were commonly observed ... | 2016 | 26965237 |
| a cationic liposome-dna complexes adjuvant (jvrs-100) enhances the immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of pre-pandemic influenza a (h5n1) vaccine in ferrets. | influenza a (h5n1) viruses continue to pose a public health threat. as inactivated h5n1 vaccines are poorly immunogenic, adjuvants are needed to improve the immunogenicity of h5n1 vaccine in humans. here, we investigated the immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy in ferrets of a clade 2.2-derived vaccine with addition of jvrs-100, an adjuvant consisting of cationic liposome-dna complexes (cldc). after the first vaccination, significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) a ... | 2016 | 26967975 |
| corrigendum: amdoparvoviruses in small mammals: expanding our understanding of parvovirus diversity, distribution, and pathology. | [this corrects the article on p. 1119 in vol. 6, pmid: 26528267.]. | 2016 | 26973636 |
| effects of egg-adaptation on receptor-binding and antigenic properties of recent influenza a (h3n2) vaccine viruses. | influenza a virus (subtype h3n2) causes seasonal human influenza and is included as a component of influenza vaccines. the majority of vaccine viruses are isolated and propagated in eggs, which commonly results in amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein. these substitutions can affect virus receptor-binding and alter virus antigenicity, thereby, obfuscating the choice of egg-propagated viruses for development into candidate vaccine viruses. to evaluate the effects of egg ... | 2016 | 26974849 |
| characterisation of the epidemic strain of h3n8 equine influenza virus responsible for outbreaks in south america in 2012. | an extensive outbreak of equine influenza occurred across multiple countries in south america during 2012. the epidemic was first reported in chile then spread to brazil, uruguay and argentina, where both vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were affected. in brazil, infections were widespread within 3months of the first reported cases. affected horses included animals vaccinated with outdated vaccine antigens, but also with the oie-recommended florida clade 1 strain south africa/4/03. | 2016 | 26993620 |
| spatial temporal dynamics and molecular evolution of re-emerging rabies virus in taiwan. | taiwan has been recognized by the world organization for animal health as rabies-free since 1961. surprisingly, rabies virus (rabv) was identified in a dead formosan ferret badger in july 2013. later, more infected ferret badgers were reported from different geographic regions of taiwan. in order to know its evolutionary history and spatial temporal dynamics of this virus, phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihood and bayesian methods based on the full-length of glycoprotein (g), matrix ... | 2016 | 26999115 |
| behavioral training promotes multiple adaptive processes following acute hearing loss. | the brain possesses a remarkable capacity to compensate for changes in inputs resulting from a range of sensory impairments. developmental studies of sound localization have shown that adaptation to asymmetric hearing loss can be achieved either by reinterpreting altered spatial cues or by relying more on those cues that remain intact. adaptation to monaural deprivation in adulthood is also possible, but appears to lack such flexibility. here we show, however, that appropriate behavioral trainin ... | 2016 | 27008181 |
| fatal gastric dilation in two adult black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes). | acute gastric dilation resulting in death was identified in two adult black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes) housed at the smithsonian conservation biology institute in front royal, virginia. both individuals were adult males (3 and 5 yr) and previously clinically healthy prior to the event. the etiology of gastric dilation in both cases could not be definitively determined, and necropsy revealed severe cardiovascular compromise secondary to bloat. limited literature is available regarding a sy ... | 2016 | 27010305 |
| dorso-lateral frontal cortex of the ferret encodes perceptual difficulty during visual discrimination. | visual discrimination requires sensory processing followed by a perceptual decision. despite a growing understanding of visual areas in this behavior, it is unclear what role top-down signals from prefrontal cortex play, in particular as a function of perceptual difficulty. to address this gap, we investigated how neurons in dorso-lateral frontal cortex (dl-fc) of freely-moving ferrets encode task variables in a two-alternative forced choice visual discrimination task with high- and low-contrast ... | 2016 | 27025995 |
| histology and immunohistochemistry of severe inflammatory bowel disease versus lymphoma in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a common disorder of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) that may progress to lymphoma. although routine histology is used to distinguish between these diseases, misclassifications may occur. immunohistochemistry (ihc) is commonly used to distinguish between ibd and lymphoma in small animals. the objective of our study was to determine the agreement in the diagnosis reached solely using hematoxylin and eosin (he)-stained, full-thickness sections versus using a com ... | 2016 | 27026106 |
| pathogenesis of influenza d virus in cattle. | cattle have been proposed as the natural reservoir of a novel member of the virus family orthomyxoviridae, which has been tentatively classified as influenza d virus (idv). although isolated from sick animals, it is unclear whether idv causes any clinical disease in cattle. to address this aspect of koch's postulates, three dairy calves (treatment animals) held in individual pens were inoculated intranasally with idv strain d/bovine/mississippi/c00046n/2014. at 1 day postinoculation, a seronegat ... | 2016 | 27030270 |
| expression analysis highlights axl as a candidate zika virus entry receptor in neural stem cells. | the recent outbreak of zika virus (zikv) in brazil has been linked to substantial increases in fetal abnormalities and microcephaly. however, information about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms connecting viral infection to these defects remains limited. in this study we have examined the expression of receptors implicated in cell entry of several enveloped viruses including zikv across diverse cell types in the developing brain. using single-cell rna-seq and immunohistochemistry, ... | 2016 | 27038591 |
| vaxar: a web-based database of laboratory animal responses to vaccinations and its application in the meta-analysis of different animal responses to tuberculosis vaccinations. | animal models are indispensable for vaccine research and development. however, choosing which species to use and designing a vaccine study that is optimized for that species is often challenging. vaxar (http://www.violinet.org/vaxar/) is a web-based database and analysis system that stores manually curated data regarding vaccine-induced responses in animals. to date, vaxar encompasses models from 35 animal species including rodents, rabbits, ferrets, primates, and birds. these 35 species have be ... | 2016 | 27053566 |
| cerebral cortex expansion and folding: what have we learned? | one of the most prominent features of the human brain is the fabulous size of the cerebral cortex and its intricate folding. cortical folding takes place during embryonic development and is important to optimize the functional organization and wiring of the brain, as well as to allow fitting a large cortex in a limited cranial volume. pathological alterations in size or folding of the human cortex lead to severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy. hence, cortical expansion and fold ... | 2016 | 27056680 |
| oral modeling of an adenovirus-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine in ferrets and mice. | oral vaccines delivered as tablets offer a number of advantages over traditional parenteral-based vaccines including the ease of delivery, lack of needles, no need for trained medical personnel, and the ability to formulate into temperature-stable tablets. we have been evaluating an oral vaccine platform based on recombinant adenoviral vectors for the purpose of creating a prophylactic vaccine to prevent influenza, and have demonstrated vaccine efficacy in animal models and substantial immunogen ... | 2016 | 27071663 |
| spatial organization of astrocytes in ferret visual cortex. | astrocytes form an intricate partnership with neural circuits to influence numerous cellular and synaptic processes. one prominent organizational feature of astrocytes is the "tiling" of the brain with non-overlapping territories. there are some documented species and brain region-specific astrocyte specializations, but the extent of astrocyte diversity and circuit specificity are still unknown. we quantitatively defined the rules that govern the spatial arrangement of astrocyte somata and terri ... | 2016 | 27072916 |
| single-vector, single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccines against high-containment viruses. | there are many avenues for making an effective vaccine against viruses. depending on the virus these can include one of the following: inactivation of whole virions; attenuation of viruses; recombinant viral proteins; non-replication-competent virus particles; or surrogate virus vector systems such as vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). vsv is a prototypic enveloped animal virus that has been used for over four decades to study virus replication, entry, and assembly due to its ability to replicate ... | 2016 | 27076138 |
| the replication of bangladeshi h9n2 avian influenza viruses carrying genes from h7n3 in mammals. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses are continuously monitored by the world health organization because they are endemic; they continually reassort with h5n1, h7n9 and h10n8 viruses; and they periodically cause human infections. we characterized h9n2 influenza viruses carrying internal genes from highly pathogenic h7n3 viruses, which were isolated from chickens or quail from live-bird markets in bangladesh between 2010 and 2013. all of the h9n2 viruses used in this study carried mammalian host-specific ... | 2016 | 27094903 |
| coronavirus infection in ferrets: antigen distribution and inflammatory response. | multisystemic granulomatous lesions are the most common finding in ferrets infected by ferret systemic coronavirus (frscv). to characterize the inflammatory response developed against this virus, lesions from 4 naturally infected ferrets were examined. lesions were classified into the 4 known types of granulomas (granulomas without necrosis [g], granulomas with necrosis [g-n], granulomas with neutrophils [g-nl], and diffuse granulomatous inflammation [dg]). the cellular composition of the lesion ... | 2016 | 27106741 |
| molecular investigation of cryptosporidium in small caged pets in northeast china: host specificity and zoonotic implications. | this study screened 151 pet-derived fecal specimens randomly collected from four commercial markets in northeast china for the presence of cryptosporidium by genus-specific nested pcrs of the small subunit rrna gene. of these, 14 specimens (9.3 %) from nine species of birds, two types of rodents, and a hedgehog were positive for cryptosporidium. sequence analysis on the pcr-positive isolates facilitated identification of three cryptosporidium species (c. baileyi, c. galli, and c. ubiquitum) and ... | 2016 | 27107987 |
| neutralizing inhibitors in the airways of naïve ferrets do not play a major role in modulating the virulence of h3 subtype influenza a viruses. | many insights regarding the pathogenesis of human influenza a virus (iav) infections have come from studies in mice and ferrets. surfactant protein (sp)-d is the major neutralizing inhibitor of iav in mouse airway fluids and sp-d-resistant iav mutants show enhanced virus replication and virulence in mice. herein, we demonstrate that sialylated glycoproteins, rather than sp-d, represent the major neutralizing inhibitors against h3 subtype viruses in airway fluids from naïve ferrets. moreover, whi ... | 2016 | 27110707 |
| collateral circulation in ferrets (mustela putorius) during temporary occlusion of the caudal vena cava. | objective to determine whether extent of collateral circulation would change during temporary occlusion of the caudal vena cava (cvc) in ferrets (mustela putorius), a pressure change would occur caudal to the occlusion, and differences would exist between the sexes with respect to those changes. animals 8 adult ferrets (4 castrated males and 4 spayed females). procedures ferrets were anesthetized. a balloon occlusion catheter was introduced through a jugular vein, passed into the cvc by use of f ... | 2016 | 27111022 |
| tobacco carcinogen induces both lung cancer and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas in ferrets which can be attenuated by lycopene supplementation. | early epidemiologic studies have reported that tobacco smoking, which is causally associated with liver cancer, is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (nafld). lycopene from tomatoes has been shown to be a potential preventive agent against nafld and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). in the present study, we investigated whether the tobacco carcinogen 4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) induces lesions in both lungs and livers of ferrets with or ... | 2016 | 27116542 |
| an improved microrna annotation of the canine genome. | the domestic dog, canis familiaris, is a valuable model for studying human diseases. the publication of the latest canine genome build and annotation, canfam3.1 provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of gene regulation across tissues in the dog model system. in this study, we used the latest dog genome assembly and small rna sequencing data from 9 different dog tissues to predict novel mirnas in the dog genome, as well as to annotate conserved mirnas from the mirbase database that ... | 2016 | 27119849 |
| magnesium sulfate treatment for juvenile ferrets following induction of hydrocephalus with kaolin. | previous work with 3-week hydrocephalic rats showed that white matter damage could be reduced by the calcium channel antagonist magnesium sulfate (mgso4). we hypothesized that mgso4 therapy would improve outcomes in ferrets with hydrocephalus induced with kaolin at 15 days. | 2016 | 27121710 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n6 viruses exhibit enhanced affinity for human type sialic acid receptor and in-contact transmission in model ferrets. | since may 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n6 virus has been reported to cause six severe human infections three of which were fatal. the biological properties of this subtype, in particular its relative pathogenicity and transmissibility in mammals, are not known. we characterized the virus receptor-binding affinity, pathogenicity, and transmissibility in mice and ferrets of four h5n6 isolates derived from waterfowl in china from 2013-2014. all four h5n6 viruses have acquired a binding ... | 2016 | 27122581 |
| white matter microstructure from nonparametric axon diameter distribution mapping. | we report the development of a double diffusion encoding (dde) mri method to estimate and map the axon diameter distribution (add) within an imaging volume. a variety of biological processes, ranging from development to disease and trauma, may lead to changes in the add in the central and peripheral nervous systems. unlike previously proposed methods, this add experimental design and estimation framework employs a more general, nonparametric approach, without a priori assumptions about the under ... | 2016 | 27126002 |
| medical and surgical emergencies in ferrets. | in the last few years, significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment of ferret emergencies has occurred. scientific advances demonstrated the need of specific practices when dealing with emergencies in ferrets. the risk of overdiagnosis of hypoglycemia with human portable blood glucose meters is a clear example. the purpose of this article is to describe the current approach to common medical and surgical emergencies in ferrets. | 2016 | 27131159 |
| virulence of a novel reassortant canine h3n2 influenza virus in ferret, dog and mouse models. | an outbreak of a canine influenza virus (civ) h3n2 reassortant derived from pandemic (pdm) h1n1 and civ h3n2 in companion animals has underscored the urgent need to monitor civ infections for potential zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses to humans. in this study, we assessed the virulence of a novel civ h3n2 reassortant, vc378, which was obtained from a dog that was coinfected with pdm h1n1 and civ h3n2, in ferrets, dogs, and mice. significantly enhanced virulence of vc378 was demonstrate ... | 2016 | 27138550 |
| differential cortical laminar structure revealed by neun immunostaining and myeloarchitecture between sulcal and gyral regions independent of sexual dimorphisms in the ferret cerebrum. | the purpose of this study was to quantitatively clarify differences in laminar structure and myeloarchitecture of sulcal and gyral regions of the cerebral cortex of ferrets. histological sections of cerebrum from male and female ferrets at postnatal day 90 were made at the coronal plane, and were immunostained with anti-neun or anti-myelin basic protein (mbp). thickness was estimated in the entire depth or three strata, that is, layer i, outer (layers ii-iii) and inner (layers iv-vi) strata of t ... | 2016 | 27144367 |
| polyostotic lymphoma in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | an 8.5-year-old, neutered female ferret (mustela putorius furo) was presented with tachypnoea, polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia and depression. radiographs revealed multiple osteolytic lesions of the bone, characterized cytologically by the infiltration of medium- to large-sized lymphocytes. the animal was humanely destroyed and post-mortem examination revealed multifocal masses obliterating the bone marrow of the mandible, right and left humeri and femur, and consisting of an infiltrative populat ... | 2016 | 27147110 |
| nipah virus c and w proteins contribute to respiratory disease in ferrets. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly lethal paramyxovirus that recently emerged as a causative agent of febrile encephalitis and severe respiratory disease in humans. the ferret model has emerged as the preferred small-animal model with which to study niv disease, but much is still unknown about the viral determinants of niv pathogenesis, including the contribution of the c protein in ferrets. additionally, studies have yet to examine the synergistic effects of the various p gene products on pathogenes ... | 2016 | 27147733 |
| the melanin-concentrating hormone receptors: neuronal and non-neuronal functions. | melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a cyclic peptide highly conserved in vertebrates and was originally identified as a skin-paling factor in teleosts. in fishes, mch also participates in the regulation of the stress-response and feeding behaviour. mammalian mch is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that displays multiple functions, mostly controlling feeding behaviour and energy homeostasis. transgenic mouse models and pharmacological studies have shown the importance of the mch system as a potenti ... | 2014 | 27152164 |
| ferret: a user-friendly java tool to extract data from the 1000 genomes project. | the 1000 genomes (1kg) project provides a near-comprehensive resource on human genetic variation in worldwide reference populations. 1kg variants can be accessed through a browser and through the raw and annotated data that are regularly released on an ftp server. we developed ferret, a user-friendly java tool, to easily extract genetic variation information from these large and complex data files. from a locus, gene(s) or snp(s) of interest, ferret retrieves genotype data for 1kg snps and indel ... | 2016 | 27153588 |
| association between hemagglutinin stem-reactive antibodies and influenza a/h1n1 virus infection during the 2009 pandemic. | the discovery of influenza virus broadly neutralizing (brn) antibodies prompted efforts to develop universal vaccines. influenza virus stem-reactive (sr) broadly neutralizing antibodies have been detected by screening antibody phage display libraries. however, studies of sr brn antibodies in human serum, and their association with natural infection, are limited. to address this, pre- and postpandemic sera from a prospective community cohort study in vietnam were assessed for antibodies that inhi ... | 2016 | 27170747 |
| comparison of digital rectal and microchip transponder thermometry in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | body temperature is a common physiologic parameter measured in both clinical and research settings, with rectal thermometry being implied as the 'gold standard.' however, rectal thermometry usually requires physical or chemical restraint, potentially causing falsely elevated readings due to animal stress. a less stressful method may eliminate this confounding variable. the current study compared 2 types of digital rectal thermometers-a calibrated digital thermometer and a common digital thermome ... | 2016 | 27177569 |
| season of deltamethrin application affects flea and plague control in white-tailed prairie dog (cynomys leucurus) colonies, colorado, usa. | in 2008 and 2009, we evaluated the duration of prophylactic deltamethrin treatments in white-tailed prairie dog ( cynomys leucurus ) colonies and compared effects of autumn or spring dust application in suppressing flea numbers and plague. plague occurred before and during our experiment. overall, flea abundance tended to increase from may or june to september, but it was affected by deltamethrin treatment and plague dynamics. success in trapping prairie dogs (animals caught/trap days) declined ... | 2016 | 27195680 |
| relating approach-to-target and detection tasks in animal psychoacoustics. | psychophysical experiments seek to measure the limits of perception. while straightforward in humans, in animals they are time consuming. choosing an appropriate task and interpreting measurements can be challenging. we investigated the localization of high-frequency auditory signals in noise using an "approach-to-target" task in ferrets, how task performance should be interpreted in terms of perception, and how the measurements relate to other types of tasks. to establish their general ability ... | 2016 | 27196623 |
| a case of advanced second-degree atrioventricular block in a ferret secondary to lymphoma. | a female ferret was referred as an emergency for severe respiratory distress symptoms. at presentation, the patient was listlessness, dyspnoeic, and hyper-responsive. the clinical examination evidenced dyspnea with cyanosis, altered cardiac rhythm, and hepatomegaly. electrocardiography showed an advanced second-degree atrioventricular (av) block. the liver aspirate was diagnostic for lymphoma. the patient did not respond to supportive therapy and rapidly died. post-mortem exams confirmed the pre ... | 2016 | 27200273 |
| effects of developmental alcohol and valproic acid exposure on play behavior of ferrets. | exposure to alcohol and valproic acid (vpa) during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and fetal valproate syndrome, respectively. altered social behavior is a hallmark of both these conditions and there is ample evidence showing that developmental exposure to alcohol and vpa affect social behavior in rodents. however, results from rodent models are somewhat difficult to translate to humans owing to the substantial differences in brain development, morphology, and connectivity ... | 2016 | 27208641 |
| a polyvalent influenza dna vaccine applied by needle-free intradermal delivery induces cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs. | pigs are natural hosts for influenza a viruses, and the infection is widely prevalent in swine herds throughout the world. current commercial influenza vaccines for pigs induce a narrow immune response and are not very effective against antigenically diverse viruses. to control influenza in pigs, the development of more effective swine influenza vaccines inducing broader cross-protective immune responses is needed. previously, we have shown that a polyvalent influenza dna vaccine using vectors c ... | 2016 | 27211039 |
| the involvement of trpv1 in emesis and anti-emesis. | diverse transmitter systems (e.g. acetylcholine, dopamine, endocannabinoids, endorphins, glutamate, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance p) have been implicated in the pathways by which nausea and vomiting are induced and are targets for anti-emetic drugs (e.g. 5-hydroxytryptamine3 and tachykinin nk1 antagonists). the involvement of trpv1 in emesis was discovered in the early 1990s and may have been overlooked previously as trpv1 pharmacology was studied in rodents (mice, rats) lacking an e ... | 2017 | 27227028 |
| the importance of systematic approaches in the study of emesis. | nausea and vomiting are among the most basic of human experiences and unfortunately accompany a wide variety of clinical treatments as side effects. despite decades of research, the neural mechanisms of nausea and vomiting (emesis) remain elusive. trpv1 represents a possibly overlooked and understudied pharmacological target with anti-emetic potential. | 2017 | 27227036 |
| building the ferretome. | databases of structural connections of the mammalian brain, such as cocomac (cocomac.g-node.org) or bams (https://bams1.org), are valuable resources for the analysis of brain connectivity and the modeling of brain dynamics in species such as the non-human primate or the rodent, and have also contributed to the computational modeling of the human brain. another animal model that is widely used in electrophysiological or developmental studies is the ferret; however, no systematic compilation of br ... | 2016 | 27242503 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the stoat (mustela erminea) and new zealand fur seal (arctocephalus forsteri) and their significance for mammalian phylogeny. | the complete mitochondrial genome of three mustelid species, stoats (mustela erminea), weasels (mustela nivalis) and ferrets (mustela furo), and the new zealand fur seal (arctocephalus forsteri) were sequenced using direct mitochondrial dna extraction and overlapping long pcrs. the usual 37 mammalian mitochondrial genes (13 protein coding genes, 22 t-rna and 2 r-rna) were identified in all four mitogenomes. the divergence of stoats from other members of the sub-family mustelinae was dated 4.5 mi ... | 2016 | 27246241 |
| a restricted period for formation of outer subventricular zone defined by cdh1 and trnp1 levels. | the outer subventricular zone (osvz) is a germinal layer playing key roles in the development of the neocortex, with particular relevance in gyrencephalic species such as human and ferret, where it contains abundant basal radial glia cells (brgcs) that promote cortical expansion. here we identify a brief period in ferret embryonic development when apical rgcs generate a burst of brgcs that become founders of the osvz. after this period, brgcs in the osvz proliferate and self-renew exclusively lo ... | 2016 | 27264089 |
| pandemic seasonal h1n1 reassortants recovered from patient material display a phenotype similar to that of the seasonal parent. | we have previously shown that 11 patients became naturally coinfected with seasonal h1n1 (a/h1n1) and pandemic h1n1 (pdm/h1n1) during the southern hemisphere winter of 2009 in new zealand. reassortment of influenza a viruses is readily observed during coinfection of host animals and in vitro; however, reports of reassortment occurring naturally in humans are rare. using clinical specimen material, we show reassortment between the two coinfecting viruses occurred with high likelihood directly in ... | 2016 | 27279619 |
| influence of papmv nanoparticles on the kinetics of the antibody response to flu vaccine. | the addition of an adjuvant to a vaccine is a promising approach to increasing strength and immunogenicity towards antigens. despite the fact that adjuvants have been used in vaccines for decades, their mechanisms of action and their influence on the kinetics of the immune response are still not very well understood. the use of papaya mosaic virus (papmv) nanoparticles-a novel tlr7 agonist-was recently shown to improve and broaden the immune response directed to trivalent inactivated flu vaccine ... | 2016 | 27282291 |
| divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey, common kestrel (falco tinnunculus) and red-footed falcon (f. vespertinus), hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel hev in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in hungary. hev rna was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and re ... | 2016 | 27282471 |
| naturally occurring recombination in ferret coronaviruses revealed by complete genome characterization. | ferret coronaviruses (frcovs) exist as an enteric and a systemic pathotype, of which the latter is highly lethal to ferrets. to our knowledge, this study provides the first full genome sequence of a frcov, tentatively called frcov-nl-2010, which was detected in 2010 in ferrets in the netherlands. phylogenetic analysis showed that frcov-nl-2010 is most closely related to mink cov, forming a separate clade of mustelid alphacoronavirus that split off early from other alphacoronaviruses. based on se ... | 2016 | 27283016 |
| orientation selectivity and the functional clustering of synaptic inputs in primary visual cortex. | the majority of neurons in primary visual cortex are tuned for stimulus orientation, but the factors that account for the range of orientation selectivities exhibited by cortical neurons remain unclear. to address this issue, we used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to characterize the orientation tuning and spatial arrangement of synaptic inputs to the dendritic spines of individual pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of ferret visual cortex. the summed synaptic input to individual neurons reliabl ... | 2016 | 27294510 |
| quantitative mri and dti abnormalities during the acute period following cci in the ferret. | during the acute time period following traumatic brain injury (tbi), noninvasive brain imaging tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (mri) can provide important information about the clinical and pathological features of the injury and may help predict long-term outcomes. in addition to standard imaging approaches, several quantitative mri techniques including relaxometry and diffusion mri have been identified as promising reporters of cellular alterations after tbi and may provide greater se ... | 2016 | 27294688 |
| novel highly pathogenic avian a(h5n2) and a(h5n8) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 from north america have limited capacity for replication and transmission in mammals. | highly pathogenic influenza a(h5n8) viruses from clade 2.3.4.4 were introduced to north america by migratory birds in the fall of 2014. reassortment of a(h5n8) viruses with avian viruses of north american lineage resulted in the generation of novel a(h5n2) viruses with novel genotypes. through sequencing of recent avian influenza viruses, we identified pb1 and np gene segments very similar to those in the viruses isolated from north american waterfowl prior to the introduction of a(h5n8) to nort ... | 2017 | 27303732 |
| antigenic characterization of h3 subtypes of avian influenza a viruses from north america. | besides humans, h3 subtypes of influenza a viruses (iavs) can infect various animal hosts, including avian, swine, equine, canine, and sea mammal species. these h3 viruses are both antigenically and genetically diverse. here, we characterized the antigenic diversity of contemporary h3 avian iavs recovered from migratory birds in north america. hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays were performed on 37 h3 isolates of avian iavs recovered from 2007 to 2011 using generated reference chicken sera. ... | 2016 | 27309078 |
| sensory experience modifies feature map relationships in visual cortex. | the extent to which brain structure is influenced by sensory input during development is a critical but controversial question. a paradigmatic system for studying this is the mammalian visual cortex. maps of orientation preference (op) and ocular dominance (od) in the primary visual cortex of ferrets, cats and monkeys can be individually changed by altered visual input. however, the spatial relationship between op and od maps has appeared immutable. using a computational model we predicted that ... | 2016 | 27310531 |
| ferrets as a novel animal model for studying human respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is an important cause of severe respiratory tract disease in immunocompromised patients. animal models are indispensable for evaluating novel intervention strategies in this complex patient population. to complement existing models in rodents and non-human primates, we have evaluated the potential benefits of an hrsv infection model in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). nine- to 12-month-old hrsv-seronegative immunocompetent or immunocompromised ferrets wer ... | 2016 | 27314379 |
| peripheral leukocyte migration in ferrets in response to infection with seasonal influenza virus. | in order to better understand inflammation associated with influenza virus infection, we measured cell trafficking, via flow cytometry, to various tissues in the ferret model following infection with an a(h3n2) human seasonal influenza virus (a/perth/16/2009). changes in immune cells were observed in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and spleen, as well as lymph nodes associated with the site of infection or distant from the respiratory system. nevertheless clinical symptoms were mild, wi ... | 2016 | 27315117 |