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establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of a new cell line derived from goldfish, carassius auratus (l.), tail fin.a continuous cell line [goldfish tail fin (gftf)] derived from a goldfish tail fin, carassius auratus, was established and characterized. gftf cells predominantly consist of fibroblast-like cells that were maintained and subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 15 months. cells grew at temperatures between 15 and 37°c, with an optimum temperature of 25°c. the growth rate of gftf cells increased proportionally with the foetal bovine serum (fbs) concentration (5-20%), with optimum growth at ...201121916901
Myo-inositol prevents copper-induced oxidative damage and changes in antioxidant capacity in various organs and the enterocytes of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian).Although oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be involved in copper (Cu)-induced toxicity, information regarding the effect of antioxidants on Cu toxicity is still scarce. This study assessed the possible protective effects of myo-inositol (MI) against subsequent Cu exposure in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) in vivo and in their enterocytes in vitro. First, oxidative stress was established by exposing fish to different concentrations of Cu (0-7.2 mg Cu/L water) for 4 days. N ...201121924699
decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) enters the food web of the river po and is metabolically debrominated in resident cyprinid fishes.decabromodiphenyl ether (bde-209), the primary constituent of a widely used flame retardant formulation, is present at relatively high levels in sediments and macroinvertebrates of the river po. since it was demonstrated that bde-209 can be biotransformed to smaller and more toxic polybrominated dipheyl ethers (pbdes), the main objective of this study was to assess whether the large quantities of bde-209 present in the river po are bioavailable to the higher levels of the food web and are biotra ...201121925710
technical note: viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) somite embryos.the feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (pgc) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled pgc were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 m cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 m cryoprotectant and 0.5 m sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). embryonic c ...201221926320
genetic diversity of perch rhabdoviruses isolates based on the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes.despite the increasing impact of rhabdoviruses in european percid farming, the diversity of the viral populations is still poorly investigated. to address this issue, we sequenced the partial nucleoprotein (n) and complete glycoprotein (g) genes of nine rhabdoviruses isolated from perch (perca fluviatilis) between 1999 and 2010, mostly from france, and analyzed six of them by immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat). using two rabbit antisera raised against either the reference perch rhabdovirus ...201121927897
study of the effects of the casein derived bitter tastant on the melanophores in milieu with the melatonin receptors.the present study was undertaken to ascertain whether the casein derived bitter tastant cyclo (leu-trp) [clt] has an affinity or not for the particular receptors of the pineal hormone, melatonin, on the melanophores of a major carp labeo rohita (ham.). the bitter tastant clt, in the dose range of 3.34×10(-16) m to 3.34×10(-4) m, has induced an aggregatory effect but not in a dose dependent manner. binding of clt with the receptors may vary at different concentrations. denervation of the melanoph ...201121929292
toxicological responses of cyprinus carpio exposed to a commercial formulation containing glyphosate.the effects of commercial glyphosate herbicide formulation on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme and oxidative stress were studied in cyprinus carpio exposed for 96 h to 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/l and then allowed to equal recovery period in water without herbicide. the activity of ache was inhibited in the brain and in the muscle after exposure. however, after recovery period brain and muscle ache activity increased. brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (tbars) were ...201121931962
efficacy of quinine against ichthyophthiriasis in common carp cyprinus carpio.ichthyophthiriasis, caused by ichthyophthirius multifiliis, is an economically important worldwide parasitic disease that infects all freshwater fish. since the banning of malachite green for use in food fish, there has been a great need for alternative therapeutants. the goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of quinine against i. multifiliis. parasite developmental stages from our laboratory-established life cycle in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to quinine in vitr ...201121932533
reprint of: concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the haihe river of china.seven typical synthetic musks (sms) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the haihe river were measured. the sm concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the haihe river were significantly lower than those in the dagu drainage river and chentaizi drainage river (p<0.05). along the flow direction, the sm concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of dagu drainage river. the bioaccumulation factors (bafs) of g ...201121944040
immunotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide on brocarded carp (cyprinus carpio l.).in the present study, the immunotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([c(8)mim]br) on brocarded carp was evaluated by an acute exposure of 100-300mgl(-1) of [c(8)mim]br for 7 days. the results showed 300mgl(-1) of [c(8)mim]br exposure caused activity inhibition of specific and non-specific immune systems, mainly including igm level, lysozyme activity, and complement c3 content, while 100mgl(-1) of [c(8)mim]br activated fish immune system during the early periods of exposure (2-5 days) ...201221944958
BDE 49 and developmental toxicity in zebrafish.The polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants. Human health concerns of these agents have largely centered upon their potential to elicit reproductive and developmental effects. Of the various congeners, BDE 49 (2,2',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) has been poorly studied, despite the fact that it is often detected in the tissues of fish and wildlife species. Furthermore, we have previously shown that BDE 49 is a metabolic debromination product of BDE 99 he ...201221951712
accumulation of ²⁴¹am by crucian carp from food and water. 201621953235
comparative study of mercury accumulation in two fish species, (cyprinus carpio and sander lucioperca) from anzali and gomishan wetlands in the southern coast of the caspian sea.anzali and gomishan wetlands are considered as two of the most important wetlands in southern coast of caspian sea. to investigate mercury accumulation in these ecosystems, total mercury concentrations were measured in the muscle tissue of two fish species. higher mercury concentrations were detected in c. carpio, an omnivorous benthic/pelagic species (anzali wetland: 0.2 μg g(-1) wet weight; gomishan wetland: 0.2 μg g(-1) wet weight), than in s. lucioperca, a carnivorous pelagic species (anzali ...201121956764
surface ultrastructure of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the catfish, rita rita, and the carp, cirrhinus mrigala.surface ultrastructures of gill filaments and secondary lamellae of rita rita and cirrhinus mrigala, inhabiting different ecological habitat, were investigated to unravel adaptive modifications. r. rita is a sluggish, bottom dwelling carnivorous catfish, which inhabits regions of river with accumulations of dirty water. it retains its viability for long time if taken out of water. c. mrigala is an active bottom dwelling indian major carp, which lives in relatively clean water and dies shortly af ...201221956840
sequence of the pearl oyster carbonic anhydrase-related protein and its evolutionary implications.carbonic anhydrases are conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates, and a noncatalytic carbonic anhydrase-related protein viii (carp viii) has been found in deuterostomes and the phylum placozoa. i isolated a cdna encoding a noncatalytic carp from the mantle of the pearl oyster pinctada fucata. the polypeptide (carp-1) predicted from the nucleotide sequence shares 44-60% identity with known carp viii sequences, and its phylogenetic analysis showed that p. fucata formed a single group with deuter ...201221964518
an observer study for a computer-aided reading protocol (carp) in the screening environment for digital mammography.the aims of this study were to investigate improving work flow efficiency by shortening the reading time of digital mammograms using a computer-aided reading protocol (carp) in the screening environment and to increase detection sensitivity using carp, compared to the current protocol, commonly referred to as the quadrant view (qv).201121971259
fish out of water: terrestrial jumping by fully aquatic fishes.many teleosts that live at the water's edge will voluntarily strand themselves to evade predators or escape poor conditions-this behavior has been repeatedly observed in the field for killifishes (cyprinodontiformes). although most killifishes are considered fully aquatic and possess no obvious morphological specializations to facilitate terrestrial locomotion, individuals from several different species have been observed moving across land via a "tail flip" behavior that generates a terrestrial ...201121972177
bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in fish species from lake koka, ethiopia: the influence of lipid content and trophic position.the concentrations and bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) were determined in four fish species from lake koka, ethiopia, representing 2-3 levels in the food chain of the lake. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ddts), endosulfans, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and chlorpyrifos were identified, with ddts as the most predominant pesticide, with concentration ranging from 0.05 to 72.53ngg(-1) wet weight (ww). all fish tissue samples collected from different species of the lak ...201121978619
consequent effects of the great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) predation on parasite infection and body condition of common carp (cyprinus carpio).lesions ranging from surface wounds to deep tissue wounds caused by cormorant predation were observed on several species of the farmed fish in pohořelice, czech republic. two-year-old stocked common carp cyprinus carpio harvested in late march were examined for ectoparasites and endoparasites, injuries extent, and lysozyme concentration in skin mucus. additionally, three body condition indices were measured. endoparasite infection occurred only scarcely. wounded fish were more susceptible to the ...201121979786
reservoirs of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) dna in sediments of natural lakes and ponds.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a lethal dna virus that infects common carp and koi. it has caused outbreak of the disease within both aquaculture and natural environmental ecosystems. however, there is not enough understanding of the distribution of cyhv-3 in the natural environments, partly because there is no suitable quantification method. in this study, we tested cyhv-3 extraction methods from sediment and then compared its abundance between sediment and water using real-time pcr. sedime ...201121983526
Molecular characterization of Atractolytocestus sagittatus (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), monozoic parasite of common carp, and its differentiation from the invasive species Atractolytocestus huronensis.Sequence structure of complete internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA region and partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene sequences were studied in the monozoic tapeworm Atractolytocestus sagittatus (Kulakovskaya et Akhmerov, 1965) (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), a parasite of common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio L.). Intraindividual sequence diversity was observed in both ribosomal spacers. In ITS1, a total number of 19 recombinant clones yiel ...201121987104
comparison of the protective effects of antioxidant compounds in the liver and kidney of cd- and cr-exposed common carp.the aim of this study was to see whether the taurine (tau), alpha-lipoic acid (la), curcumin (cur), and n-acetylcysteine (nac) protection against oxidative stress caused by heavy metals is owed to the metal-decreasing or antioxidative effect. in this context, liver and kidney tissues of common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio l.) were exposed in vivo to model toxicants cadmium (cd) and chromium (cr). the tissues were dissected 96 h after intraperitoneal injection of the metals and antioxidant substa ...201121987389
autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damage.autoimmune responses against posttranslationally modified antigens are a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. for example, antibodies against citrullinated protein antigens (acpa) have shown their relevance for the prognosis and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. it is conceivable that other autoantibody systems, recognizing other posttranslationally modified proteins, are also present in ra. here, we describe the presence of an autoanti ...201121987802
safeguarding the welfare of farmed fish at harvest.fish welfare at harvest is easily compromised by poor choice of handling and slaughter methods, lack of attention to detail and by unnecessary adherence to fish farming traditions. the harvest process comprises fasting the fish to empty the gut, crowding the fish, gathering and moving the fish using brails, fish pumps, and sometimes also road or boat transport and finally stunning and killing the fish. the harvesting processes commonly used for bass, bream, carp, catfish, cod, eel, halibut, pang ...201221989953
evaluation and comparison of the species-specificity of 3 antiparvalbumin igg antibodies.parvalbumin is a pan-allergen in fish and frogs that triggers ige-mediated reactions in fish-allergic individuals. previous studies demonstrated that antibodies raised against fish and frog parvalbumins displayed varying specificity for different fish species, and thus, the applicability of these antibodies for potential use in immunoassays to detect fish residues were limited. we aimed to determine the specificity of 3 igg antibodies for various fish species. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorben ...201121999209
comparative responsiveness to natural and synthetic estrogens of fish species commonly used in the laboratory and field monitoring.exposure to estrogenic chemicals discharged into the aquatic environment has been shown to induce feminization in wild freshwater fish and although fish species have been reported to differ in their susceptibility for these effects, empirical studies that directly address this hypothesis are lacking. in this study, in vitro erα activation assays were applied in a range of fish species used widely in chemical testing (including, zebrafish, fathead minnow, medaka) and/or as environmental monitorin ...201222000336
modulation of cytochrome p450 and induction of dna damage in cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to surface water treated with chlorine or alternative disinfectants in different seasons.epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of disinfected drinking water and adverse health outcomes. the chemicals used to disinfect water react with occurring organic matter and anthropogenic contaminants in the source water, resulting in the formation of disinfection by-products (dbps). the observations that some dbps are carcinogenic in animal models have raised public concern over the possible adverse health effects for humans. here, the modulation of liver cytoch ...201222001235
Interspecies comparisons on the uptake and toxicity of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles.An increasing number and quantity of manufactured nanoparticles are entering the environment as the diversity of their applications increases, and this will lead to the exposure of both humans and wildlife. However, little is known regarding their potential health effects. We compared the potential biological effects of silver (Ag; nominally 35 and 600-1,600?nm) and cerium dioxide (CeO(2;) nominally <25?nm and 1-5?µm) particles in a range of cell (human hepatocyte and intestinal and fish hepato ...201222002553
[correlation and path analyses of phenotypic traits and body mass of transgenic carp with growth hormone gene of salmon].thirty 2-year old transgenic carp individuals with growth hormone gene of salmon were randomly selected to study the affecting degree of their phenotypic traits on their body mass by the methods of correlation and path analyses, with 30 individuals of non-transgenic carp as the control, aimed to ascertain the main phenotypic parameters affecting the body mass of the transgenic and non-transgenic carps. the test phenotypic traits were total length, body length, body height, least height of caudal ...201122007470
effect of dietary arginine on growth, intestinal enzyme activities and gene expression in muscle, hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).the present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary arginine promotes digestion and absorption capacity, and, thus, enhances fish growth. this improvement might be related to the target of rapamycin (tor) and eif4e-binding protein (4e-bp). a total of 1200 juvenile jian carp, cyprinus carpio var. jian, with an average initial weight of 6·33 (se 0·03) g, were fed with diets containing graded concentrations of arginine, namely, 9·8 (control), 12·7, 16·1, 18·5, 21·9 and 24·5 g argini ...201122013925
distribution of cuo nanoparticles in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) and their potential toxicity.adverse effect of engineered nanoparticles (nps) on the aquatic environment and organisms has recently drawn much attention. this paper reports on the toxicity of cuo nps to juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio) and their distribution in the fish. cuo nps and its counterpart bulk particles (bps) (10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 mg l(-1)) exhibited no acute toxicity (96 h), while during the 30 day sub-acute toxicity test, carp growth was significantly inhibited by cuo nps (100 mg l(-1)) in comparis ...201122014442
marine and farmed fish on the polish market: comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to pcdd/fs and other contaminants.chemical analyses were performed in nine fish species that are popular on the polish market. these included baltic fish (cod, herring, salmon), fish farmed in poland (carp, trout), marine fish imported from china (alaska pollock, sole), and farmed fish imported from vietnam and china (sutchi catfish, tilapia). the nutritional composition (amino acid, micro- and macronutrients, fat-soluble vitamins - a(1), d(3), e) and certain contaminants (organochlorine pesticides, ocps; indicator polychlorinat ...201122014661
multi-tasking role of the mechanosensing protein ankrd2 in the signaling network of striated muscle.ankrd2 (also known as arpp) together with ankrd1/carp and darp are members of the marp mechanosensing proteins that form a complex with titin (n2a)/calpain 3 protease/myopalladin. in muscle, ankrd2 is located in the i-band of the sarcomere and moves to the nucleus of adjacent myofibers on muscle injury. in myoblasts it is predominantly in the nucleus and on differentiation shifts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. in agreement with its role as a sensor it interacts both with sarcomeric proteins ...201122016770
bothriocephalus acheilognathi (cestoda) in the endangered fish profundulus hildebrandi (cyprinodontiformes), mexico.the asian fish tapeworm, bothriocephalus acheilognathi, has been considered one of the most dangerous parasites for cultured carp and a risk for native freshwater fish populations worldwide. this cestode is highly pathogenic for fishes especially fry. in this paper we record b. acheilognathi parasitizing the endangered and endemic freshwater fish profundulus hildebrandi from the endorheic basin of san crist6bal de las casas, chiapas, mexico. b. acheilognathi was recorded from 10 of the 11 sample ...201122017116
pathological and ecological host consequences of infection by an introduced fish parasite.the infection consequences of the introduced cestode fish parasite bothriocephalus acheilognathi were studied in a cohort of wild, young-of-the-year common carp cyprinus carpio that lacked co-evolution with the parasite. within the cohort, parasite prevalence was 42% and parasite burdens were up to 12% body weight. pathological changes within the intestinal tract of parasitized carp included distension of the gut wall, epithelial compression and degeneration, pressure necrosis and varied inflamm ...201122022606
gill remodeling in crucian carp during sustained exercise and the effect on subsequent swimming performance.gill remodeling can be extensive in crucian carp, where up to a 7.5-fold increase in gill surface area has been observed during exposure to hypoxia through a reduction in the interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) and increased lamellar protrusion that has been hypothesized to be signaled by the need to maximize oxygen uptake under a given condition. sustained aerobic exercise may have the greatest influence on oxygen demand in fish; however, its effect on gill remodeling in crucian carp has not been in ...201122030846
molecular evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of a highly pathogenic fish rhabdovirus, the spring viremia of carp virus (svcv).spring viremia of carp virus (svcv), which causes an acute hemorrhagic and highly contagious disease in cyprinids, was first described in europe and subsequently reported in parts of asia and north america. svcv can be classified into four genogroups: ia, ib, ic, and id. while ia and id have wide circulation and are reported to cause outbreaks in north america and europe, respectively, ib and ic were last reported in the 1980s. we used a bayesian framework to determine the nucleotide substitutio ...201122033044
effects of long-term exposure to simazine in real concentrations on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the effects of a 90 day simazine exposure at concentrations of 0.06 (reported concentration in czech rivers), 1, 2, and 4 μg l⁻¹ were assessed in one-year-old common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). its influence on biometric parameters, hematology, blood biochemistry, liver biomarkers, and histology was investigated. biometric parameters of common carp exposed to simazine at 0.06 μg l⁻¹ showed no differences from untreated fish. simazine concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 μg l⁻¹ caused significant (p<0.01 ...201222036208
bioaccumulation, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether in crucian carp (carassius auratus).polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. significant biotransformation of some pbdes via reductive debromination has been observed. however, little is known about the fate of lower brominated bdes in fish. in this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (bde 15) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus) which were exp ...201222036552
Growth rate, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) exposed to supersaturated total dissolved gas.Total dissolved gas supersaturation (TDGS) appears when the pressures of gases in a solution exceed the barometric pressures. TDGS is often caused by flood discharge at dams. It may lead to gas bubble disease (GBD) for fish and biochemical responses of selected fish and other aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long-term TDGS levels on the growth and biochemical responses of rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang) dwelling in the upper reaches of the Yangtze ...201122042655
generation of the first bac-based physical map of the common carp genome.common carp (cyprinus carpio), a member of cyprinidae, is the third most important aquaculture species in the world with an annual global production of 3.4 million metric tons, accounting for nearly 14% of the all freshwater aquaculture production in the world. apparently genomic resources are needed for this species in order to study its performance and production traits. in spite of much progress, no physical maps have been available for common carp. the objective of this project was to genera ...201122044723
Antioxidant effect of propolis against exposure to chromium in Cyprinus carpio.The aim of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative properties of propolis against the toxic effects of chromium (VI) by examining oxidative damage markers such as lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defence system components in carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of chromium. Propolis was simultaneously administered to chromium-exposed fish. Treatment was continued for 28 days, and at the end of this period, blood and tissue (liver, kidney, ...201122052654
revision of khawia spp. (cestoda: caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fish, including a key to their identification and molecular phylogeny.monozoic cestodes of the genus khawia hsü, 1935 (caryophyllidea: lytocestidae), parasites of cyprinid fish in europe, asia, africa and north america, are revised on the basis of taxonomic evaluation of extensive materials, including recently collected specimens of most species. this evaluation has made it possible to critically assess the validity of all 17 nominal species of the genus and to provide redescriptions of the following seven species considered to be valid: khawia sinensis hsü, 1935 ...201122053617
Social Defeat during Adolescence and Adulthood Differentially Induce BDNF-Regulated Immediate Early Genes.Stressful life events generally enhance the vulnerability for the development of human psychopathologies such as anxiety disorders and depression. The incidence rates of adult mental disorders steeply rises during adolescence in parallel with a structural and functional reorganization of the neural circuitry underlying stress reactivity. However, the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to stress and manifestation of mental disorders during adolescence are little understood. We hypothesized that ...201122065953
organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and fish from freshwater cultured fish ponds in different agricultural contexts in north-eastern france.organochlorine pesticides (hcb, hch with α-, β-, and γ isomers, heptachlor, cis-heptachlor epoxyde, trans-heptachlor epoxyde, endosulfan with α- and β isomers, sulfate endosulfan, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddt, o,p'-dde, p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, p,p'-ddd, chlorothalonil, alachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, oxychlordane, chlordane with α- and γ isomers, p,p'-dicofol and o,p'-dicofol) and indicators pcbs (iupac nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) were studied both in sediments and muscles of farmed fi ...201222071217
khawia japonensis (cestoda: caryophyllidea): another invasive parasite of carp, cyprinus carpio l., imported to europe. 201122074021
influences of incorporating detoxified jatropha curcas kernel meal in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) diet on the expression of growth hormone- and insulin-like growth factor-1-encoding genes.jatropha curcas is a drought-resistant shrub or small tree widespread all over the tropics and subtropics. the use of j. curcas (l) kernel meal in fish feed is limited owing to the presence of toxic and antinutritional constituents. in this study, it was detoxified using heat treatment and organic solvent extraction method. the detoxification process was carried out for 60 min to obtain the detoxified meal. cyprinus carpio l. fingerlings (n = 180; avg. wt. 3.2 ± 0.07 g) were randomly distributed ...201322077318
effects of the commercial formulation containing fipronil on the non-target organism cyprinus carpio: implications for rice-fish cultivation.the aim of this research was to evaluate possible toxic effects of commercial formulation containing fipronil on cyprinus carpio tissues under rice field conditions. antioxidant profile (sod, catalase, glutathione s-transferase), oxidative stress parameters (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, protein carbonyl), and growth were investigated in carp exposed to fipronil under rice field conditions for 7, 30, and 90 days. waterborne insecticide concentrations were measured and the detectable c ...201222078114
molecular characterization and expression analysis of two new c-reactive protein genes from common carp (cyprinus carpio).c-reactive protein (crp) plays an important role in the acute phase response. transcripts encoding two new crp-like molecules (cccrp1 and cccrp2) from european common carp have been characterized which has enabled seven crp-like genes to be identified in zebrafish. 79.3% (cccrp1) and 74.5% (cccrp2) identity to crp from east-asian common carp occurs and fish crp genes form a distinct clade. cccrp2 gene organization comprises four exons and three introns, in contrast to the two exons/one intron or ...201222079493
inductive expression of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) and associated downstream signaling molecules following ligand exposure and bacterial infection in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala).toll-like receptors (tlrs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. among various types of tlrs, tlr5 is involved in recognizing bacterial flagellin and after binding, it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. in this report, we analyzed the expression profile of tlr5 and its associated downstream signaling molecules like myd88 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor-associated factor (traf) 6 ...201222085689
atr-x syndrome in two siblings with a novel mutation (c.6718c>t mutation in exon 31).atr-x syndrome is an x-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by mental retardation, alpha thalassaemia and distinct facial features which include microcephaly, frontal hair upsweep, epicanthic folds, small triangular nose, midface hypoplasia and carp-shaped mouth. here we report two brothers with clinical features of atr-x syndrome, in whom a novel missense (c>t) mutation was identified in exon 31 of the atrx gene.201122089611
in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharides against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (cyprinus carpio).the present study is aiming at evaluating the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of astragalus polysaccharide (aps) on the carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced hepatocyte and liver injury in common carp in vitro and in vivo. in vitro, aps (200, 400 and 800 μg/ml) was added to the carp primary hepatocytes before (pre-treatment), after (post-treatment) and both before and after (pre- and post-treatment) the incubation of the hepatocytes with ccl(4) at 8 mm in the culture medium. aps at conc ...201222089693
extracellular ph dynamics of retinal horizontal cells examined using electrochemical and fluorometric methods.extracellular h(+) has been hypothesized to mediate feedback inhibition from horizontal cells onto vertebrate photoreceptors. according to this hypothesis, depolarization of horizontal cells should induce extracellular acidification adjacent to the cell membrane. experiments testing this hypothesis have produced conflicting results. studies examining carp and goldfish horizontal cells loaded with the ph-sensitive dye 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (haf) reported an extracellular acidification on ...201222090459
pyrosequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons to study the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the microbes in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract are of high importance for the health of the host. in this study, roche 454 pyrosequencing was applied to a pooled set of different 16s rrna gene amplicons obtained from gi content of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to make an inventory of the diversity of the microbiota in the gi tract. compared to other studies, our culture-independent investigation reveals an impressive diversity of the microbial flora of the carp gi tract. the major group of obta ...201122093413
factors influencing fatty acid composition of common carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle.there is evidence that n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 hufa), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha), are beneficial for human health, especially for the cardiovascular system. the sources of n-3 hufa, including epa and dha, are scarce in diet consumed by the czech population. thus, it would be beneficial to generally increase fish consumption and also to increase the content of the beneficial fatty acids (fa) in locally produced fish and other products. th ...201122101873
the consumption of the carp meat and plasma lipids in secondary prevention in the heart ischemic disease patients.omega-3 fatty acids (fa) have been shown to be protective against cardiovascular diseases (cvd). the effect of the consumption of carp meat on cvd risk factors has not yet been examined in detail. we ascertained the influence of a diet enriched with carp meat with an elevated content of omega-3fa (200 g twice weekly for 4 weeks) in a group of subjects after cardiac revascularization surgery for ischemic heart disease with a follow-up spa treatment.201122101876
an assessment of androgenic/anti-androgenic effects of gh transgenic carp by hershberger assay.to evaluate the androgenic and anti-androgenic effects of gh (growth hormone) transgenic carp in male rats.201122108335
induced oogenesis of the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) in freshwater condition.european eel is a catadromous fish species, which means that after living in freshwater premature individuals adapt to sea water, and migrate to the sargasso sea for spawning. although male eel can be sexually matured even in freshwater, to date, it was believed that female eel can be matured only in seawater. here we show that the process of sexual maturation may be induced in freshwater by treating female eels with carp pituitary (gsi = 9.87 ± 1.55%). it is thus proposed that seawater conditio ...201122119876
[mapping and genetic effect analysis of quantitative trait loci related to body length in mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].a group of f2 hybrids of mirror carp including 68 individuals was used to construct a linkage map using joinmap4.0 software. of 560 markers genotyped, 507 markers (143 ssr markers, 33 est-ssr markers, and 321 snp markers) were assigned to the map, which comprised of 62 linkage groups. quantitative traits loci (qtls) associated with body length were identified by interval mapping of the software mapqtl 5.0. a linkage group wide permutation test (1 000 replicates) determined the significance of th ...201122120081
the role of neuromedin u during inflammatory response in the common carp.in the current study, we cloned and characterized the neuromedin u (nmu) gene from the common carp cyprinus carpio l., and identified its participation in immune responses in the teleost. five isoforms of the prepronmu genes were generated by alternative splicing and isolated from carp. the longest form of the carp prepronmu1 (isoform 1) cdna was composed of 803 bp, and contained an 18 bp 5'-utr, a 212 bp 3'-utr and a 573 bp open reading frame, which translates into a peptide comprising 190 amin ...201222122861
unique physicochemical properties of perfluorinated compounds and their bioconcentration in common carp cyprinus carpio l.carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was exposed to perfluorinated compounds (pfcs)-perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (number of carbon atoms, c = 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, and 18) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos)-in bioconcentration tests to compare the bioconcentration factors (bcfs) and physicochemical properties of each specific compound. despite having the same number of carbon atoms (c = 8), the bcfs of perfulorooctanoic acid (pfoa) and pfos differed by more than two orders of magnitude (pfoa bcf = < 5.1 ...201222127646
dramatic increase of nitrite levels in hearts of anoxia-exposed crucian carp supporting a role in cardioprotection.nitrite (no(2)(-)) functions as an important nitric oxide (no) donor under hypoxic conditions. both nitrite and no have been found to protect the mammalian heart and other tissues against ischemia (anoxia)-reoxygenation injury by interacting with mitochondrial electron transport complexes and limiting the generation of reactive oxygen species upon reoxygenation. the crucian carp naturally survives extended periods without oxygen in an active state, which has made it a model for studying how evol ...201222129619
characterization of triacetyl-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in carp and goldfish.a triacetyl form of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) was found in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus), by selective detection of mass profile for cell secretory granules using direct tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis during the investigation of fish pituitaries. the structure of triacetyl-α-msh in carp and goldfish was further analyzed using a collision-induced dissociation with electrospray ...201222134180
towards the conservation of crucian carp carassius carassius: understanding the extent and causes of decline within part of its native english range.the extent and causes of crucian carp carassius carassius decline were assessed during an initial study of c. 25 ponds in north norfolk, eastern england, u.k., which was then replicated (a validation study) on another c. 25 ponds in an adjacent area. of these ponds, c. 40 are known to have contained c. carassius during the 1970s-1980s. in the initial and validation studies, c. carassius were found in only 11 of these ponds, yielding declines of 76% (five of 21 ponds) and 68% (six of 19 ponds), r ...201122136242
Impact of silicon-based quantum dots on the antioxidative system in white muscle of Carassius auratus gibelio.Silicon-based quantum dots were intraperitoneally injected in individuals of Carassius auratus gibelio. Their effects on white muscle were investigated by following their distribution and impact on the antioxidative system. The GSH level significantly increased after 1 and 3 days of exposure by, respectively, 85.3 and 25.4%. Seven days later, GSH levels were similar to control concentrations. MDA concentration rose after three days by 46.9% and remained at the same level after 7 days. Protein th ...201122139144
preparation and evaluation of oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan (ocmcs) nanoparticles as oral protein carriers.oleoyl-carboxymethy chitosan (ocmcs) nanoparticles based on chitosan with different molecular weights (50, 170 and 820 kda) were prepared by self-assembled method. the nanoparticles had spherical shape, positive surface charges and the mean diameters were 157.4, 274.1 and 396.7 nm, respectively. fitc-labeled ocmcs nanoparticles were internalized via the intestinal mucosa and observed in liver, spleen, intestine and heart following oral deliverance to carps (cyprinus carpio). extracellular produc ...201122139537
growth hormone promotes hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish (danio rerio) inner ear following acoustic trauma.previous microarray analysis showed that growth hormone (gh) was significantly upregulated following acoustic trauma in the zebrafish (danio rerio) ear suggesting that gh may play an important role in the process of auditory hair cell regeneration. our objective was to examine the effects of exogenous and endogenous gh on zebrafish inner ear epithelia following acoustic trauma.201122140580
[the influence of insulin on contamination of the common carp cyprinus carpio by the monogenetic fluke dactylogyrus vastator].the influence of insulin on the contamination of the carp cyprinus carpio with the monogenetic fluke dactylogyrus vastator is studied. fishes reacted to the introduction of the hormon by the decrease in the degree of intensity of infection and by the increase in the number of lifeless parasites on gills, by contrast to control fishes and fishes processed with stress hormones (adrenaline and cortisol). we assume that the decrease in the abundance index in live monogenetic fluke and the increase i ...201122141253
[pilot study on the use of diode laser therapy for treatment of dermatitis in koi carp (cyprinus carpio)].objective: therapy of dermatitis in koi using a diode laser technique. material and methods: a diode laser with a wavelength of 980nm and an energy density of 9j/cm2 was used to treat defined skin alterations in ten koi carp. the clinical situation after repeated laser application was recorded. in addition, the diode laser was used for surgical removal of proliferative skin alterations caused by dermocystidium sp. in two koi ponds. results: an improvement of the clinical situation followi ...201122143586
[tissue specificity of antioxidant system functioning and lipid peroxidation in different age groups of amur carp].key features of tissue enzymes functioning in antioxidant system (aos) in sexually mature and immature individuals of amur carp were studied. the activity of antioxidant enzymes was highest in the myocardium and subjected to age-related changes. it was concluded that changes in the functioning of aos and intensity of lipid peroxidation processes are characterized by organ-tissue metabolic features and age peculiarities of metabolism that is most expressed in the myocardium.201522145412
streptococcus agalactiae, an emerging pathogen for cultured ya-fish, schizothorax prenanti, in china.streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) has emerged as an important pathogen that affects humans and animals, including aquatic species. s. agalactiae infections are becoming an increasing problem in aquaculture and have been reported worldwide in a variety of fish species, especially those living in warm water. recently, a very serious infectious disease of unknown aetiology broke out in ya-fish (schizothorax prenanti) farms in sichuan province. a gram-positive, chain-forming coccus wa ...201122146014
Down-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by SVCV infection.Heme oxygenase (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that plays a critical role in defending the body against oxidant-induced injury during inflammatory processes. In mammalian systems, viral infection or antigen expression can down-regulate the expression of HO-1. In turn, the induction of HO-1 or overexpression of HO-1 results in potent and direct antiviral activity that targets the replication of several mammalian viruses. In this study, the HO-1 gene of Cyprinus carpio was cloned, and the expres ...201222146702
enzymatic activity and flavor compound production in fermented silver carp fish paste inoculated with douchi starter culture.silver carp fish pastes inoculated with or without a douchi starter culture containing live aspergillus oryzae were fermented for 30 days to produce two different fermented products, designated as culf and conf, respectively. protein degradation and flavor compound production during the course of fermentation were monitored. proteolytic activity, generally higher in culf than in conf (p < 0.05) and dominated by acidic and serine proteases, declined to an overall minimum after 30 days. myosin in ...201122148721
Gene expression profiling in the skin of zebrafish infected with Citrobacter freundii.Skin is considered the largest immunologically active organ, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear in fish. Here, Affymetrix Zebrafish GeneChip was used to assess gene expression in the skin of zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with the bacterium Citrobacter freundii. The results showed that 229 genes were differentially expressed, of which 196 genes were upregulated and 33 genes were downregulated. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated 88 genes significantly associated with ski ...201222155693
tetrodotoxin sensitivity of the vertebrate cardiac na+ current.evolutionary origin and physiological significance of the tetrodotoxin (ttx) resistance of the vertebrate cardiac na(+) current (i(na)) is still unresolved. to this end, ttx sensitivity of the cardiac i(na) was examined in cardiac myocytes of a cyclostome (lamprey), three teleost fishes (crucian carp, burbot and rainbow trout), a clawed frog, a snake (viper) and a bird (quail). in lamprey, teleost fishes, frog and bird the cardiac i(na) was highly ttx-sensitive with ec(50)-values between 1.4 and ...201122163193
[toxicity of niclosamide with plastic film mulching to fish].to observe the toxicity of niclosamide with plastic film mulching to fish.201122164373
effects of neurotoxin - anatoxin-a on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) innate immune cells in vitro.the aim of this study was to determine if cyanoneurotoxin - anatoxin-a (antx-a) alters the essential functions of innate immune cells such as free radicals generation in phagocytic cells and phagocytosis.201122167212
the effects of click 500 sc (terbuthylazine) on common carp cyprinus carpio under (sub)chronic conditions.effects of the herbicide formulation click 500 sc (terbuthylazine 500 g/l) on common carp cyprinus carpio were assessed through biometric, biochemical, haematological and antioxidant indices, induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and histological examination of selected tissues.201122167222
classical and molecular cytogenetics of khawia sinensis (cestoda: caryophyllidea), invasive parasite of carp, cyprinus carpio.chromosomes of the invasive tapeworm khawia sinensis (caryophyllidea), the specific parasite of common carp, were analyzed by means of conventional giemsa staining and using fluorescent dapi and yoyo-1 dyes, silver staining, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with 18s rdna probe. the karyotype is composed of eight pairs of metacentric and telocentric chromosomes (2n = 16, n = 3m + 5t, tcl = 42.54 μm). constitutive heterochromatin was located at pericentromeric regions of all pairs, exc ...201122167367
functional differentiation of myoglobin isoforms in hypoxia-tolerant carp indicates tissue-specific protective roles.because of a recent whole genome duplication, the hypoxia-tolerant common carp and goldfish are the only vertebrates known to possess two myoglobin (mb) paralogs. one of these, mb1, occurs in oxidative muscle but also in several other tissues, including capillary endothelial cells, whereas the other, mb2, is a unique isoform specific to brain neurons. to help understand the functional roles of these diverged isoforms in the tolerance to severe hypoxia in the carp, we have compared their o(2) equ ...201222170621
gastrointestinal absorption, metabolic debromination, and hydroxylation of three commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether mixtures by common carp.the gastrointestinal absorption, metabolic debromination, and hydroxylation of three commercial brominated diphenyl ether (bde) mixtures were separately studied in juvenile common carp. the absorption rate of penta-bde was higher than that of octa- and deca-bde, likely because of the lower molecular volumes of its major congeners. however, no significantly positive relationships were found between the number of bromine atoms and the absorption rate, especially for congeners with a bromine atom n ...201222170638
[the consumption of dishes and/or fishy snacks by school youth from miedzychodzko-sierakowskie lakes].the school youth inhabiting miedzychodzko-sierakowskie lakes consumed dishes and/or fishy snacks on the similar low level as their peers in other regions of country, mainly breaded fried fishes and partly or highly manufactured products i.e., herrings in sour cream as well as pastes from smoked fishes and canned fishes. relatively high ranks in rows of preference (liking) and frequency intake were found for carp, herring and cheap cultured panga from import. the presence of bones and specific od ...201122171525
Molecular characterization of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), analysis of its inductive expression and associated down-stream signaling molecules following ligands exposure and bacterial infection in the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita).Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the key components of innate immunity. Among various TLR types, TLR2 is involved in recognizing specific microbial structures such as peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), zymosan etc., and after binding them it triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway to induce various cytokines. In this report, TLR2 gene was cloned and characterized in rohu (Labeo rohita), which is highly commercially important f ...201122173272
biomonitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in heavily polluted aquatic environment in different fish species.the distribution and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in fish species (european perch perca fluviatilis, northern pike esox lucius, pike perch sander lucioperca, wels catfish silirus glanus, common carp cyprinus carpio, european eel anguilla anguilla, freshwater bream abramis brama, goldfish carassius auratus, and roach rutilus rutilus) in a heavily polluted water reservoir zemplínska šírava (slovakia). the study performed at two different time points 5 years ap ...201222173787
isomer-specific determination and toxic evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated/brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polybrominated biphenyl ethers, and extractable organic halogen in carp from the buffalo river, new york. 199522176457
histochemical analysis of glycoproteins in the gill epithelium of an indian major carp, cirrhinus mrigala.glycoproteins were analyzed by a range of histochemical methods in the epithelium of gills of cirrhinus mrigala, a valuable food fish of great economic importance cultured extensively in india. the gills consist of gill arches, gill rakers, gill filaments and secondary lamellae. major components of the epithelium of gill arches and gill rakers are epithelial cells, mucous goblet cells, rodlet cells, lymphocytes, eosinophilic granular cells and taste buds. in contrast, in the gill filament epithe ...201222177215
pro-inflammatory functions of carp cxcl8-like and cxcb chemokines.numerous cxc chemokines have been identified in fish, however, their role in inflammation is not well established. here, cxc chemokines of the cxcl8-like (cxca_l1 and cxcl8_l2) and cxcl9/10/11-like (cxcb) subset were investigated in carp. recombinant cxca_l1, cxcl8_l2 and cxcb all stimulated chemotaxis of macrophages and granulocytes in vitro. cxcb also attracted lymphocytes. distinct effects on phagocyte activation were observed: the cxcl8-like chemokines increase respiratory burst activity, bu ...201222182503
muscle ankyrin repeat proteins: their role in striated muscle function in health and disease.remodeling is a stringently controlled process that enables adequate response of muscle cells to constant physical stresses. in this process, different kinds of stimuli have to be sensed and converted into biochemical signals that ultimately lead to alterations of muscle phenotype. several multiprotein complexes located in the sarcomere and organized on the titin molecular spring have been identified as stress sensors and signal transducers. in this review, we focus on ankrd1/carp and ankrd2/arp ...201622185618
molecular cloning and mrna expression of the vitellogenin and nuclear receptor gene induced by 17β-estradiol in the mud carp, cirrhinus molitorella.vitellogenins (vtgs), the precursors of yolk proteins, are crucial for the embryonic development of teleosts, and have also been studied extensively as biomarkers for environmental estrogenic mimics. the cdna of a vtg was isolated from the liver of male mud carp (cirrhinus molitorella) following induction by 17β-estradiol (e(2)) using 3'- and 5'-race methods. it was 4,216 bp in length, and encoded a putative protein of 1,342 amino acids. this putative vtg contained complete portions of lipovitel ...201222193541
novel positive-sense, single-stranded rna (+ssrna) virus with di-cistronic genome from intestinal content of freshwater carp (cyprinus carpio).a novel positive-sense, single-stranded rna (+ssrna) virus (halastavi árva rna virus, halv; jn000306) with di-cistronic genome organization was serendipitously identified in intestinal contents of freshwater carps (cyprinus carpio) fished by line-fishing from fishpond "lőrinte halastó" located in veszprém county, hungary. the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of the genomic rna is 9565 nt in length and contains two long--non-in-frame--open reading frames (orfs), which are separated by an interge ...201122195010
kinetics and thiol requirements of iodothyronine 5'-deiodination are tissue-specific in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).iodothyronine deiodinases determine the biological activity of thyroid hormones. despite the homology of the catalytic sites of mammalian and teleostean deiodinases, in-vitro requirements for the putative thiol co-substrate dithiothreitol (dtt) vary considerably between vertebrate species. to further our insights in the interactions between the deiodinase protein and its substrates: thyroid hormone and dtt, we measured enzymatic iodothyronine 5'-deiodination, dio1 and dio2 mrna expression, and d ...201222198122
cytochrome p450 1c1 complementary dna cloning, sequence analysis and constitutive expression induced by benzo-a-pyrene in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).cyp1c is the newest member of the cyp1 family of p450s; however, its physiological significance, inducers, and metabolic functions are unknown. in this study, a new complementary dna of the cyp1c subfamily encoding cyp1c1 was isolated from nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) liver after intracoelomic injection with benzo-a-pyrene (bap). the full-length cdna was 2223 base pair (bp) long and contained an open reading frame of 1581 bp encoding a protein of 526 amino acids and a stop codon. the seq ...201222204985
patterns of metal composition and biological condition and their association in male common carp across an environmental contaminant gradient in lake mead national recreation area, nevada and arizona, usa.there is a contaminant gradient in lake mead national recreation area (lmnra) that is partly driven by municipal and industrial runoff and wastewater inputs via las vegas wash (lvw). adult male common carp (cyprinus carpio; 10 fish/site) were collected from lvw, las vegas bay (receiving lvw flow), overton arm (oa, upstream reference), and willow beach (wb, downstream) in march 2008. discriminant function analysis was used to describe differences in metal concentrations and biological condition o ...201222206697
distribution of mono-, di- and trisialo gangliosides in the brain of actinopterygian fishes.mono-, di- and trisialo gangliosides are major glycosphingolipids in the brain of higher vertebrates involved in lipid raft assembly. in contrast, the fish brain is abundant in polisialo-gangliosides, whose function is implicated in the modulation of repulsive and attractive intercellular interactions during embryonic development and a temperature adaptation process. the histological distribution of gangliosides is usually studied in rodent and mammalian brains, but to date it has not been descr ...201222206893
induction of toll-like receptor (tlr) 2, and myd88-dependent tlr- signaling in response to ligand stimulation and bacterial infections in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala).toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) is a member of tlr family. it recognizes a wide range of bacteria and their products, and is involved in inducing innate immune responses. in this article, we reported inductive expression of tlr2 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (myd88)-dependent signaling in the indian major carp, mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) which is highly commercially important fish species in the indian subcontinent. ontogeny analysis of tlr2, myd88 and traf6 (tnf receptor asso ...201122207179
[quantitative trait locus analysis of standard length, body depth and body thickness in mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.)].based on a full-sib family, the genetic linkage map was constructed with 246 microsatellite and 306 snp markers, which was used to detect the qtls for standard length (sl), body depth (h), body thickness (bt), and the ratio of standard length and body depth (slh) in mirror carp by gridqtl software. the results indicated that a total of 14 related qtls distributed on the 7 linkage groups were obtained. seven qtls were related to standard length, of which the linkage groups of lg6, lg17, lg21, lg2 ...201122207383
effects of 2,4-dinitrotoluene exposure on enzyme activity, energy reserves and condition factors in common carp (cyprinus carpio).in this study relative condition factor (rcf) and hepatosomatic index (hsi) as well as the available energy reserves of common carp (cyprinus carpio) by 2,4-dnt semi-static bioassay were determined and linked to effects of enzymes in liver tissues. fish were exposed at sublethal concentrations of 2,4-dnt (0.13 μg/l, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0mg/l) for 7 and 15 d. based on the results, there was no significant change in all parameters measured in fish exposed to 2,4-dnt at environmental related concentration, ...201222209323
gene expression analysis of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) lines during cyprinid herpesvirus 3 infection yields insights into differential immune responses.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (khv), is the etiological agent of a virulent and lethal disease in common and koi carp. this study aimed to determine the genetic basis underlying the common carp immune response to the cyhv-3 virus. two common carp lines (r3 and k) were infected with cyhv-3 by immersion. the r3 line presented a 20% higher survival rate compared to the k line and significantly lower viral loads as measured at day 3 post infection (p.i.). microarray ...201122212509
evolutionary history of c-myc in teleosts and characterization of the duplicated c-myca genes in goldfish embryos.c-myc plays an important role during embryogenesis in mammals, but little is known about its function during embryonic development in teleosts. in addition, the evolutionary history of c-myc gene in teleosts remains unclear, and depending on the species, a variable number of gene duplicates exist in teleosts. to gain new insight into c-myc genes in teleosts, the present study was designed to clarify the evolutionary history of c-myc gene(s) in teleosts and to subsequently characterize dna methyl ...201222213278
phenotypic variation and associated predation risk of juvenile common carp cyprinus carpio.juvenile common carp cyprinus carpio were collected from 10 lakes with variable predator abundance over 4 months to evaluate if morphological defences increased with increasing predation risk. cyprinus carpio dorsal and pectoral spines were longer and body depth was deeper when predators were more abundant, with differences becoming more pronounced from july to october. to determine if morphological plasticity successfully reduced predation risk, prey selection of largemouth bass micropterus sal ...201222220889
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