Publications

allelopathic potential of wild oat (avena fatua) on spring wheat (triticum aestivum) growth.	wild oat plants may produce toxic substances that suppress the growth and development of desirable species, thus accounting for severe yield loss in infested fields. the purpose of this study was to determine the allelopathic potential of wild oat (avena fatua) on the growth of spring wheat (triticum aestivum var. fieldwin) in the absence of plant competition. wild oat and spring wheat plants were grown separately in 250-ml beakers in a sand medium. root exudates were extracted from wild oat med ...	1983	24407814
sucrose phosphate synthetase : separation from sucrose synthetase and a study of its properties.	a method for the complete separation of sucrose phosphate synthetase (ec 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthetase (ec 2.4.1.13) from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ is described. the separation is achieved by chromatography on deae-cellulose at ph 6.5. the sucrose phosphate synthetase obtained can be further purified by gel filtration. disc electrophoresis of sucrose phosphate preparations reveals the presence of isoenzymes. molecular weight estimates of sucrose phosphate synthetase by gel filtration ...	1978	24407996
myo-inositol metabolism in germinating wheat.	during imbibition, exogenous myo-inositol (mi) was readily introduced into the free mi pool of germinating wheat (triticum aestivum l.). maximum uptake, 70 μg per caryopsis or 1.5 mg g(-1) of caryopsis, was reached at 0.05 m mi. movement of free mi within the germinating caryopsis was traced with [2-(3)h]mi by two procedures, uptake by imbibition and injection into softened endosperm. the former procedure was useful during initial stages of germination; the latter provided a means of tracing the ...	1978	24407998
effect of light on the nucleotide composition of rrna of wheat seedlings.	both qualitative and quantitative differences in the minor nucleotide constituents of rrna from normally grown and from etiolated wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) were established. using different degradation methods and separation techniques the 18s+26s rna of 8-day-old wheat seedlings grown in the light was found to contain 5-methylcytidine, 3-methylcytidine, 5-methyluridine, 3-methyluridine, 5-carboxymethyluridine, 1-methyladenine, n-methyladenine, 5-hydroxymethylcytidine, o(2')-methylurid ...	1978	24408187
introduction of chromosome segment carrying the seed storage protein genes from chromosome 1v of dasypyrum villosum showed positive effect on bread-making quality of common wheat.	development of wheat- d. villosum 1v#4 translocation lines; physically mapping the glu - v1 and gli - v1 / glu - v3 loci; and assess the effects of the introduced glu - v1 and gli - v1 / glu - v3 on wheat bread-making quality. glu-v1 and gli-v1/glu-v3 loci, located in the chromosome 1v of dasypyrum villosum, were proved to have positive effects on grain quality. however, there are very few reports about the transfer of the d. villosum-derived seed storage protein genes into wheat background by c ...	2014	24408374
development of a wheat single gene fish map for analyzing homoeologous relationship and chromosomal rearrangements within the triticeae.	a cytogenetic map of wheat was constructed using fish with cdna probes. fish markers detected homoeology and chromosomal rearrangements of wild relatives, an important source of genes for wheat improvement. to transfer agronomically important genes from wild relatives to bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6 x = 42, aabbdd) by induced homoeologous recombination, it is important to know the chromosomal relationships of the species involved. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) can be use ...	2014	24408375
lr67/yr46 confers adult plant resistance to stem rust and powdery mildew in wheat.	we demonstrate that lr67/yr46 has pleiotropic effect on stem rust and powdery mildew resistance and is associated with leaf tip necrosis. genes are designated as sr55, pm46 and ltn3 , respectively. wheat (triticum aestivum) accession rl6077, known to carry the pleiotropic slow rusting leaf and yellow rust resistance genes lr67/yr46 in thatcher background, displayed significantly lower stem rust (p. graminis tritici; pgt) and powdery mildew (blumeria graminis tritici; bgt) severities in kenya and ...	2014	24408377
genome-wide association mapping of yield and yield components of spring wheat under contrasting moisture regimes.	a stable qtl that may be used in marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs was detected for yield, yield components and drought tolerance-related traits in spring wheat association mapping panel. genome-wide association mapping has become a widespread method of quantitative trait locus (qtl) identification for many crop plants including wheat (triticum aestivum l.). its benefit over traditional bi-parental mapping approaches depends on the extent of linkage disequilibrium in the mappi ...	2014	24408378
lead toxicity effects on indole-3-ylacetic acid-induced cell elongation.	in vitro studies of iaa-induced cell elongation in triticum aestivum have demonstrated that lead causes a large reduction in elongation. inhibition of elongation can be reduced by increasing the concentration of iaa, or by the addition of calcium. the inhibitory effect appears to be linked with changes in the properties of the cell walls. experiments are described which show that lead becomes bound strongly to certain chemical substances involved in cell wall architecture.	1978	24408647
characterization of the surface properties of wheat spikelet components grown under different regimens and the biocontrol yeast cryptococcus flavescens.	surface properties play an important role in plant-microbe interactions and determine if microbial propagules adhere to the surface of a plant. fusarium head blight is an important disease of wheat that is initiated by the pathogen colonizing the wheat head. to better understand how surface properties of wheat may affect disease development and spray applications, the surface properties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) spikelet components were characterized under different environmental growing r ...	2014	24410183
transcriptome analysis during seed germination of elite chinese bread wheat cultivar jimai 20.	wheat seed germination directly affects wheat yield and quality. although transcriptome and proteome analyses during seed germination have been reported in some crop plant species, dynamic transcriptome characterization during wheat seed germination has not been conducted. we performed the first comprehensive dynamic transcriptome analysis during different seed germination stages of elite chinese bread wheat cultivar jimai 20 using the affymetrix wheat genome array.	2014	24410729
genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in triticum and aegilops : iv. distribution of the cytoplasm inducing variegation in common wheat.	twelve kinds of common wheat nuclei were placed into the cytoplasms of 23 species of aegilops and triticum by repeated backcrosses in the laboratory of genetics, kyoto university. using these nucleus-cytoplasm hybrids, the distribution of the variegation-inducing cytoplasms was investigated. the variegation was maternally inherited, and was found to be temperature-dependent; it was expressed only at low temperatures, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in the content of chlorophyll a and b, an ...	1976	24413588
degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by proteolytic enzymes from crude extracts of wheat leaves.	in crude extracts from the primary leaf of wheat seedlings, triticum aestivum l., cv. olympic, maximum proteinase activity, as determined by measuring the rate of release of amino nitrogen from ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase), was found to be obtained only when edta and l-cysteine were included in the extraction buffer. highest proteinase activity was obtained by grinding at ph 6.8, although the level of activity was similar in the ph range 5.6 to 8.0; this range also coincided with ...	1978	24414010
the effect of aspartate-derived amino acids (lysine, threonine, methionine) on the growth of excised embryos of wheat and barley.	excised wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. maris freeman) and barley (hordeum vulgare l. var. maris mink) embryos were grown on medium containing both nitrate and ammonium ions. addition of lysine (1 mm) plus threonine (1 mm) caused a synergistic inhibition of growth measured by length of first leaf or dry weight. the inhibition was specifically relieved by methionine, homocysteine and homoserine. threonine at 0.2-0.3 mm caused half-maximal inhibition of growth at all lysine concentrations whereas ...	0	24414149
aspartate kinase and the synthesis of aspartate-derived amino acids in wheat.	aspartate kinase (ec 2.7.2.4.) has been purified from 7 day etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. maris freeman) seedlings and from embryos imbibed for 8 h. the enzyme was 50% inhibited by 0.25 mm lysine. in this study wheat aspartate kinase was not inhibited by threonine alone or cooperatively with lysine; these results contrast with those published previously. in vivo regulation of the synthesis of aspartate-derived amino acids was examined by feeding [(14)c]acetate and [(35)s]sulphate to ...	1978	24414150
properties of a high-affinity cytokinin-binding protein from wheat germ.	a soluble protein that interacts with a range of cytokinins was extensively purified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ. this protein has a k d for kinetin of 2×10(-7) m. the binding of kinetin to the protein is inhibited by low concentrations of synthetic and naturally-occurring cytokinins including n(6)-benzyladenine, n(6)-benzyladenosine, kinetin riboside, n(6)-dimethylallyladenine, n(6)-dimethylallyladenosine, zeatin, zeatin riboside, n(6)-dimethyladenine and n(6)-dimethyladenosine. aden ...	1978	24414153
lipid metabolism in green leaves of developing monocotyledons.	lipid synthesis was studied in successive leaf sections from the base to the tip of developing barley (hordeum vulgare l.), maize (zea mays l.), rye grass (lolium perenne l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. the endogenous levels of acyl lipids and their constituent fatty acids from the same leaf sections were also analysed. the principle chloroplast acyl lipids showed a relative increase in amount with the age of the leaf section. their content of α-linolenic acid also increased whereas ...	1978	24414270
oxygen inhibition of photosynthesis : iii. temperature dependence of quantum yield and its relation to o2/co 2 solubility ratio.	the effect of leaf temperature, o2 and calculated o2/co2 solubility ratio in the leaf on the quantum yield of photosynthesis was studied for the c4 species, zea mays l., and the c3 species, triticum aestivum l. over a range of leaf temperatures of 16 to 35° c, the quantum yield of z. mays was relatively constant and was similar under 1.5 and 21% o2, being ca. 0.059 mol co2 mol(-1) quanta absorbed. under 1.5% o2 and atmospheric levels of co2, the quantum yield of t. aestivum was relatively consta ...	1978	24414353
does indoleacetic acid promote growth via cell wall acidification?	growth of triticum aestivum l. cv. cappelle desprez coleoptiles is promoted by 5.7×10(-5) m indole acetic acid (iaa) as effectively in ph 3.4 buffer as in water, but iaa is not effective in the presence of buffer at ph 3.0 or 3.2 a combination of 5.7×10(-5) m iaa and ph 3.4 buffer promotes growth to a greater extent than ph 3.2 buffer alone, which is optimal for acid-induced growth. iaa employed at 10(-7) m is still effective at promoting growth in the presence of ph 3.4 buffer, moreover, iaa at ...	1978	24414469
photosynthesis and transpiration of the flag leaf in four spring-wheat cultivars.	co2 exchange and transpiration rates of the flag leaves of four spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, namely glenlea, neepawa, opal and kolibri, were compared using infra-red gas-analysis technique. the plants were grown in a controlled environment under an 18-h photoperiod, with day and night temperatures of 20 and 15° c, respectively. the time course of the co2-exchange rate (cer) of the flag leaf differed among cultivars. cer began to decrease rapidly some 2 weeks after ear emergence ...	1978	24414627
assessment of chromium efficacy on germination, root elongation, and coleoptile growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) at different growth periods.	the tannery effluents contain a high concentration of chromium (cr). it drastically reduces the crop yield when used for irrigation purpose. a huge volume of tannery effluents is available as irrigation for crop production. it is negatively affecting germination as well as yield of the crop. the wheat seeds were exposed to five different concentrations of cr (0, 20, 40, 80, and 100 ppm). in petri plates, 100 seeds were placed and the germination percent was recorded after 72 hour (h). root elong ...	2014	24415062
biochemical and bioinformatic characterization of type ii metacaspase protein (taemcaii) from wheat.	the biochemical analysis and homology modeling of a tertiary structure of a cereal type ii metacaspase protein from wheat (triticum aestivum), taemcaii, are presented. the biochemical characterization of synthetic oligopeptides and protease inhibitors of escherichia coli-produced and purified recombinant taemcaii revealed that this metacaspase protein, similar to other known plant metacaspases, is an arginine/lysine-specific cysteine protease. thus, a model of a plant type ii metacaspase structu ...	2012	24415839
antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of triticum aestivum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of triticum aestivum were evaluated by using in vivo methods in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. diabetes was induced in the wistar strain albino rats by injecting streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight. ethanolic extracts of triticum aestivum at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight were administered orally for 30 days. various parameters were studied and the treatment group with the extract showed a significant increase in the liver ...	2013	24416041
[effects of irrigation scheme on the grain glutenin macropolymer's size distribution and the grain quality of winter wheat with strong gluten].	taking two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (gaocheng 8901 and jimai 20) with high quality strong gluten as test materials, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the grain glutenin macropolymer (gmp)'s content and size distribution, grain quality, and grain yield under effects of different irrigation schemes. the schemes included no irrigation in whole growth period (w0), irrigation once at jointing stage (w1), irrigation two times at wintering and jointing stages (w2), r ...	2013	24417115
further discovery of alien cytoplasms inducing haploids and twins in common wheat.	in addition to the already known aegilops caudata cytoplasm, the cytoplasms of five aegilops species, all belonging to the section polyeides, were found to induce haploids (11-56%) and twins (0.5-15%) in a common wheat, salmon, at high frequencies. the great majority of the twin pairs were of the diplo-haplo type. the origin of both the haploids and twins was ascribed to the induction of parthenogenesis in salmon by the alien cytoplasm. pollen parents produced some differences in haploid frequen ...	1974	24419323
genetic control of esterases in common wheat.	a refined technique of gel electrofocusing revealed the esterases in caryopses of triticum aestivum, t. durum, and triticum timopheevi. in t. aestivum, 17 isoenzymatic bands were ascertained in the ph 5-8 range: 11 were of higher intensity, 4 were weak and two very weak. using chinese spring nulli-tetrasomic lines it was possible to locate the genetic control of several isoenzymes in the chromosomes of the homoeologous group 3. in chromosome 3a three bands are coded; in 3b four bands are coded; ...	1975	24419503
chromosomal control of non-gliadin proteins from the 70% ethanol extract of wheat endosperm.	the non-gliadin fraction of the 70% ethanol extracts of compensated nulli-tetrasomics and ditelosomics of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring has been analyzed by combined electrofocusing and electrophoresis. seventeen of the 21 protein map components of the euploid have been ascribed to eight chromosomes: 4aβ, 3bs, 6bs, 7bs, 3dβ, 4d, 5d and 7ds.the relationship of the different map components with other proteins previously associated with the same chromosomes is discussed.	1975	24419509
the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species.	the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ...	1977	24419571
the relationship between leaf water potential ψ leaf and the levels of abscisic acid and ethylene in excised wheat leaves.	the amount of diffusible ethylene from excised wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l. cv. eclipse) increased when they were subjected to water stress. the quantity of ethylene produced was related to the severity of the stress, reaching a maximum at a leaf water potential ψ leaf of approximately-12 bars. irrespective of the severity of the stress, the maximum rate of ethylene production usually occurred between 135-270 min after applying the stress and then the rate declined. part of the decline may ...	1977	24419698
a comparison of translocation of labelled assimilate by normal and lignified sieve elements in wheat leaves.	leaves of triticum aestivum l. were exposed to (14)co2. the (14)c activity in lignified sieve elements was not above background levels, whereas it was significnatly higher in normal sieve elements and companion cells.	1977	24419703
a comparison of the activation of ribosomal rna synthesis during germination of isolated and non-isolated embryos of triticum aestivum l.	incorporation of [(14)c]uridine into ribosomal rna and ribosomal rna precursor fractions was studied in isolated wheat embryos and in embryos remaining within the intact grains during germination. in isolated embryos, radioactive 25s and 18s as well as 31s rna species appeared already within the first 3 h of germination. in non-isolated embryos, radioactivity could be detected in the mature ribosomal and pre-ribosomal rna fractions only after 6 h and 12 h germination, respectively. it is conclud ...	1977	24419780
in vitro culture of wheat. iii. anther culture of the a genome aneuploids in common wheat.	callus induction was examined using the anthers of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring and its aneuploids for the a genome chromosomes (ditelo-1a(l), -2a(s), -3a(α), -4a(α), -5a(l), -6a(α), -7a(s), nulli-1a, -2a, -4a and mono-4a) to determine the genetic role of individual chromosomes or chromosome arms in callus formation. an attempt was also made to establish the best culture conditions for callus formation from the anthers of the same wheat.results showed that: (1) callus was mostly induced ...	1975	24420271
messenger ribonucleoprotein particles in dry wheat and rye embryos : in vitro translation and size distribution.	extracts prepared from dry wheat (triticum aestivum l.; var. cama) and rye (secale cereale l.; var. celestijner) embryos exhibit relatively high endogenous messenger activities in an in vitro protein synthesizing system: up to 400 pmol leucine are incorporated per 50 μl reaction mixture; the messenger/ribosome ratio is estimated at about 0.03. sucrose gradient analysis of the incubation mixture during cellfree protein synthesis shows a progressive in vitro polysome formation with the native endo ...	1977	24420391
the wheat ethylene response factor transcription factor pathogen-induced erf1 mediates host responses to both the necrotrophic pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis and freezing stresses.	sharp eyespot disease (primarily caused by the pathogen rhizoctonia cerealis) and freezing stress are important yield limitations for the production of wheat (triticum aestivum). here, we report new insights into the function and underlying mechanisms of an ethylene response factor (erf) in wheat, pathogen-induced erf1 (tapie1), in host responses to r. cerealis and freezing stresses. tapie1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both r. cerealis and freezi ...	2014	24424323
studies of the functional activity of mitochondria and cell ultrastructure of the coleoptile in wheat, agropyron and their hybrids (incomplete amphidiploids) during decreasing temperature.	the structure of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the coleoptile of plants (triticum aestivum var. lutescens 329, agropyron glaucum, triticum × agropyron 56-chromosome hybrids, incomplete amphidiploids, tah, containing 42 wheat chromosomes and 14 chromosomes of genomes d or x of agropyron), which differ in winterhardiness, was studied after exposure to 0 ° and -4 °c for periods varying from 10 min to 4 days. the functional activity of mitochondria isolated from 3 day old seedlings w ...	0	24424474
cytokinesis in the developing wheat grain; division with and without a phragmoplast.	cell wall formation during the transition from free-nuclear to cellular endosperm of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. heron) was investigated using correlated light and electron microscopy. partitioning of the multinucleate syncytium that lines the inner periphery of the embryo sac is initiated 1-2 days after anthesis. wall ingrowths, at first recognizable in sections as minute wall pegs, furrow inward from the edge of the embryo sac through the vacuolate cytoplasm which, to the inside, is clearl ...	1976	24424543
[light dependence of phytol accumulation. a contribution to the question of chlorophyll biosynthesis].	phytol is identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and its concentration determined (range 0.005-3 μg) in darkgrown and irradiated plants. seeds of oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) contain bound phytol (2-5 μg/g). the phytol content decreases during germination in the dark. phytol synthesis in dark-grown seedlings starts in the light and stops in the dark again. the degradation of phytol in the dark is much slower than that of chl ...	1976	24424592
endogenous cytokinins in vernalized winter wheat grains.	the soybean callus assay was used to study the effect of vernalization on the endogenous cytokinin levels of the grains of winter wheat (triticum vulgare l.), cv. ferto and fema. vernalization of the grains was carried out at 3° c in the dark for 0, 9, 18, 27, 36 and 45 days. cytokinin activities could be detected in both the aqueous and butanol extracts of vernalized grains of both cultivars. it is suggested that flowering of winter wheat may involve changes in the levels of endogenous cytokini ...	1976	24424638
cell elongation in the grass pulvinus in response to geotropic stimulation and auxin application.	horizontally-placed segments of avena sativa l. shoots show a negative geotropic response after a period of 30 min. this response is based on cell elongation on the lower side of the leaf-sheath base (pulvinus). triticum aestivum l., hordeum vulgare l. and secale cereale l. also show geotropic responses that are similar to those in avena shoots. the pulvinus is a highly specialized organ with radial symmetry and is made up of epidermal, vascular, parenchymatous and collenchymatous tissues. stato ...	1976	24424826
phytochrome controlled gibberellin metabolism in etioplast envelopes.	disruption of preparations of intact etioplasts isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves in the dark leads to an increase in the level of extractable gibberellin-like (ga-like) activity. irradiation of disrupted preparations with red light causes an alteration in the rf of part of the ga-like activity. a study of sub-etioplast fractions prepared by gradient centrifugation indicates that the phytochrome and the ga-like substances are associated principally with the etioplast envelope.	1976	24424835
carbon dioxide exchange in relation to sink demand in wheat.	in this paper, experiments are described which examine the effect of requirement for assimilates by the ear on the rate of net photosynthesis in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). different levels of requirement were achieved by various levels of sterilization of florets just before anthesis, which resulted in a range of grain numbers per ear, and by inhibiting photosynthesis of the intact ear by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (dcmu). only the ear and two uppermost leaves of the ma ...	1976	24424903
abscisic acid in developing wheat grains and its relationship to grain growth and maturation.	during the later stages of growth of grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cvs. ww15 and gabo) there is a dramatic increase (up to 40fold) in the content of abscisic acid (aba) to 4-6 ng per grain. this level remains high from 25 to 40 days after anthesis. then, in association with natural or forced drying of the grain, there is a rapid drop (5-10 fold) in the aba content and a brief increase in the content of bound aba. the bulk of aba in an ear was in the grain (95%) and although the embryo co ...	1976	24424906
somatic association of telocentric chromosomes carrying homologous centromeres in common wheat.	measurements of distances between telocentric chromosomes, either homologous or representing the opposite arms of a metacentric chromosome (complementary telocentrics), were made at metaphase in root tip cells of common wheat carrying two homologous pairs of complementary telocentrics of chromosome 1 b or 6 b (double ditelosomic 1 b or 6 b). the aim was to elucidate the relative locations of the telocentric chromosomes within the cell. the data obtained strongly suggest that all four telocentric ...	1973	24424980
nitrate influx and efflux by intact wheat seedlings: effects of prior nitrate nutrition.	wheat (triticum vulgare l., cv. blueboy) seedlings, grown with 0.25, 1.0 and 15 mm nitrate in complete nutrient solutions, were transferred 10 days after germination to 1.0 mm k(15)no3 (∼99 a% (15)n) plus 0.1 mm caso4 at ph 6.0. the solutions were replaced periodically over a 6-h period (5 mw cm(-2); 23°). changes in the [(15)n]- and [(14)n]nitrate in the solution were determined by nitrate reductase and mass-spectrometric procedures and potassium by flame photometry. influx of [(15)n]nitrate wa ...	1976	24424992
metabolite profiling on wheat grain to enable a distinction of samples from organic and conventional farming systems.	identification of biomarkers capable of distinguishing organic and conventional products would be highly welcome to improve the strength of food quality assurance. metabolite profiling was used for biomarker search in organic and conventional wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.) of 11 different old and new bread wheat cultivars grown in the dok system comparison trial. metabolites were extracted using methanol and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	2014	24425170
amino acid comparisons in male sterile wheat derived fromtriticum timopheevi zhuk. cytoplasm and its fertile counterpart.	anthers, seeds, seedlings and flag leaves of fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile (triticum timopheevi) lines of bread wheat were examined for free and acid-hydrolyzable (bound) amino acids. free asparagine was found to be high in anthers of the male sterile line and free proline high in anthers of the fertile line.among the bound amino acids, proline was lower, and aspartic and glutamic acid were higher, in male sterile than in fertile anthers. retardation of glutamic and aspartic acid conversi ...	1974	24425430
in vivo studies on artificial induction of thermotolerance to detached panicles of wheat (triticum aestivum l) cultivars under heat stress.	the mechanism imparting thermotolerance by gibberellic acid (ga3) and abscisic acid (aba) is still unresolved using either spraying technique or in vitro conditions. alternative way of studying these effects under near in vivo conditions is through the use of liquid culturing technique. effects of ga3 and aba (100 μm) on sucrose metabolism (invertase and sucrose synthase) and aminotransferases (got and gpt) in relation to starch and protein accumulation were studied in detached panicles of three ...	2014	24426056
shotgun analysis of the secretome of fusarium graminearum.	fusarium head blight, caused predominately by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. to characterize the profile of proteins secreted by f. graminearum, the extracellular proteins were collectively obtained from f. graminearum culture supernatants and evaluated using one-dimensional sds-page and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. a total of 87 proteins have been identified, of which 63 were predicted as secretory prot ...	2013	24426143
novel nac transcription factor tanac67 confers enhanced multi-abiotic stress tolerances in arabidopsis.	abiotic stresses are major environmental factors that affect agricultural productivity worldwide. nac transcription factors play pivotal roles in abiotic stress signaling in plants. as a staple crop, wheat production is severely constrained by abiotic stresses whereas only a few nac transcription factors have been characterized functionally. to promote the application of nac genes in wheat improvement by biotechnology, a novel nac gene designated tanac67 was characterized in common wheat. to det ...	2014	24427285
interaction between chemical mutagens with a delayed effect and metabolites of seeds : communication 2: changes in mutagenic activity.	a study was made of chromosome aberrations in crepis capillaris seedlings, induced by the reaction products of chemical mutagens with seed metabolites. interaction between ethylenimine and seed metabolites of some plants of the family compositae (c. capillaris, taraxacum officinale, pyrethrum carneum, helianthus annuus) has been found to lead to the formation of highly active secondary mutagens whose action remains similar to that of ethylenimine, although the effect of ethylenimine is enhanced ...	1971	24430019
genetic analysis of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat by utilization of monopentaploid hybrids.	this report deals with a method of analysis which uses existing hexaploid wheat monosomics to establish gene-chromosome associations in a tetraploid variety. monosomics of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring belonging to the 14 lines of a and b genomes were crossed as female parents with triticum durum cv. capeiti, a spring type at present widely grown in italy. for each line, two f 1 populations were obtained, normal pentaploids (2 n = 35) and monopentaploid (2 n = 34), in which, in turn, the ...	1971	24430021
photocontrol of gibberellin levels as related to the unrolling of etiolated wheat leaves.	the rapid increase in acidic gibberellin-like (ga-like) activity occurring in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.); leaf tissue in response to red light is phytochrome controlled. the production of some of the ga-like activity appears to possess a similar escapetime from far-red reversibility to leaf unrolling and is sensitive to amo 1618. application of these ga-like substances to leaf sections maintained in the dark causes unrolling. increased ga-like activity can also be detected in non-irr ...	1975	24430157
mechanism of phosphate solubilization and antifungal activity of streptomyces spp. isolated from wheat roots and rhizosphere and their application in improving plant growth.	the application of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) at field scale has been hindered by an inadequate understanding of the mechanisms that enhance plant growth, rhizosphere incompetence and the inability of bacterial strains to thrive in different soil types and environmental conditions. actinobacteria with their sporulation, nutrient cycling, root colonization, bio-control and other plant-growth-promoting activities could be potential field bio-inoculants. we report the isolation of ...	2014	24430493
source, sink and hormonal control of translocation in wheat.	an analysis of the pattern of movement of (14)c-labelled flag leaf assimilates in wheat (triticum aestivum l. c.v. gabo) during grain development, indicated that the greater the requirement for assimilates by the ear the more rapid was the speed of movement of these through the peduncle to the ear and also the lower their concentration. experiments with [(14)c] indoleacetic acid ([(14)c]iaa) suggested that auxin production by the grains was not responsible for the control of assimilate transloca ...	1976	24430683
effect of rye chromosome 2 substitution on kernel protein content of wheat.	significant increases in the kernel protein content of lines of the bread wheat variety chinese spring, in which a pair of rye chromosome 2 substitutes for group 2 chromosomes of wheat, were observed in plants grown at three different locations. fractionation of proteins on the basis of their solubility did not show any significant variation in the relative proportions of alcohol, salt, acid and alkali soluble proteins. similarly, electrophoretic studies of saline, alcohol and acetic acid-urea s ...	1972	24430774
rhythmic increase in dna content and incorporation of [(3)h]thymidine in the developing wheat embryo during seed germination.	the dna content and incorporation of [(3)h]thymidine into dna have been studied during the development of triticum aestivum (l.) embryo at various stages of seed germination up to 102 h (18°c). the dna content of the embryos increased in a rhythmic way, when superimposed on an increasing basal content of dna from 12 h onwards of germination. a temporary depression in dna content was observed before the peaks of cell division (which has earlier been published by the author). the peaks of [(3)h]th ...	1976	24430821
effects of dual stress (high salt and high temperature) on the photochemical efficiency of wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).	in this study, we have focused on those components of photosystem (ps) ii which are significantly affected by dual stress (high salt and temperature) on wheat as measured by plant efficiency analyser (pea). it was observed that some of the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were temperature dominated, while some other parameters were salt dominated. we have also observed additive effects for parameters like antenna size heterogeneity. an important observation was that in high temperature alon ...	2013	24431485
plant growth stimulation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by inoculation of salinity tolerant azotobacter strains.	five salinity tolerant azotobacter strains i.e., st3, st6, st9, st17 and st24 were obtained from saline soils. these azotobacter strains were used as inoculant for wheat variety wh157 in earthen pots containing saline soil under pot house conditions, using three fertilizer treatment doses i.e., control (no fertilizer, no inoculation), 90 kg n ha(-1) and 120 kg n ha(-1). inoculation with salinity tolerant azotobacter strains caused significant increase in total nitrogen, biomass and grain yield o ...	2013	24431520
genome-wide transcriptome study in wheat identified candidate genes related to processing quality, majority of them showing interaction (quality x development) and having temporal and spatial distributions.	the cultivated bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) possesses unique flour quality, which can be processed into many end-use food products such as bread, pasta, chapatti (unleavened flat bread), biscuit, etc. the present wheat varieties require improvement in processing quality to meet the increasing demand of better quality food products. however, processing quality is very complex and controlled by many genes, which have not been completely explored. to identify the candidate genes whose express ...	2014	24433256
can citrate efflux from roots improve phosphorus uptake by plants? testing the hypothesis with near-isogenic lines of wheat.	phosphorus (p) deficiency in some plant species triggers the release of organic anions such as citrate and malate from roots. these anions are widely suggested to enhance the availability of phosphate for plant uptake by mobilizing sparingly-soluble forms in the soil. carazinho is an old wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar from brazil, which secretes citrate constitutively from its root apices, and here we show that it also produces relatively more biomass on soils with low p availability than tw ...	2014	24433537
phytochrome medicated changes in extractable gibberellin activity in a cell-free system from etiolated wheat leaves.	irradiation with red light causes a phytochrome dependent increase in the extractable amount of acidic gibberellin-like activity in plastid preparations from etiolated leaves of triticum aestivum l.	1975	24435132
relative sensitivity of various spectral forms of photosynthetic pigments to leaf senescence in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the change in the characteristics of the absorption spectrum of chloroplasts which were isolated from the mature and senescing primary wheat leaves, was examined at various wavelengths in which the photosynthetic pigments mostly absorb. chlorophyll (chl) a was observed to be relatively more sensitive to leaf senescence than chl b and carotenoids. furthermore, the various spectral in vivo forms of chl a, did not degrade to a similar extent; the far red absorbing forms of chl a including species t ...	1986	24435369
an immunochemical approach to species relationship in triticum and some related species.	an immunological reaction, precipitation in gel, was produced using a rabbit antiserum directed to a specific protein constantly present in bread wheats (t. aestivum, genome aabbdd), but absent in durum wheat (t. durum desf., genome aabb). this protein was isolated in the soluble-protein fraction of bread wheat caryopses by combined biochemical and immunological techniques.the availability of such a specific anti-bread wheat serum made possible the analysis of a series of varieties and species o ...	1970	24435904
developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves : iii. on the photocontrol of microbody development.	1. in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, the development of the microbody enzymes catalase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, and glycolate oxidase was specifically stimulated by short treatments of the seedlings with red light, although the increases were less than observed after treatment with continuous white light. a comparison of the effects of short red and far-red exposures indicated the involvement of phytochrome. 2. continuous far-red light treatments also enhanced the development ...	1975	24436025
effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in c3 and c 4 plants.	the effects of root applications of gibberellic acid (ga3) on growth and photosynthesis of 12 species of plants including c3 monocots (triticum aestivum l., wheat, hordeum vulgare l., barley and avena sativa l., oat), c3 dicots (vigna radiata l., mung bean, cucurbita moschata l., squash and capsicum annuum l., pepper), c4 monocots (zea mays l., corn, sorghum vulgare l., sorghum and panicum ramosum l., millet) and c4 dicots (amaranthus retroflexus l., pigweed, kochia scoparis l., kochia and gomph ...	1985	24442874
in vitro enzyme activities and products of (14)co 2 assimilation in flag leaf and ear parts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	activities of key enzymes of calvin cycle and c4 metabolism, rate of (14)co2 fixation in light and dark and the initial products of photosynthetic (14)co2 fixation were determined in flag leaf and different ear parts of wheat viz. pericarp, awn and glumes. compared to the activities of rubp carboxylase and other calvin cycle enzymes viz. nadp-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, nad-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase, the levels of pep carboxylase and o ...	1986	24443208
ontogenetic changes in photosynthetic capacity and dry matter production of flag wheat leaves during the grain filling period.	the relationships between photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation during the grain filling period have been studied in flag leaves of triticum aestivum l., cv. kolibri grown in mediterranean field conditions. particular importance has been given to assimilate accumulation in relation to the onset of senescence. during grain filling, the time course of specific dry weight (sdw) was similar in the blade and in the sheath. variations in sdw were about six times larger in the sheath than ...	1986	24443259
a wheat similar to rcd-one gene enhances seedling growth and abiotic stress resistance by modulating redox homeostasis and maintaining genomic integrity.	plant growth inhibition is a common response to salinity. under saline conditions, shanrong no. 3 (sr3), a bread wheat (triticum aestivum) introgression line, performs better than its parent wheat variety jinan 177 (jn177) with respect to both seedling growth and abiotic stress tolerance. furthermore, the endogenous reactive oxygen species (ros) was also elevated in sr3 relative to jn177. the sr3 allele of sro1, a gene encoding a poly(adp ribose) polymerase (parp) domain protein, was identified ...	2014	24443520
manipulation of monoubiquitin improves chilling tolerance in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum).	ubiquitin (ub) is a multifunctional protein that mainly functions to tag proteins for selective degradation by the 26s proteasome. we cloned an ub gene taub2 from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) previously. to study the function of taub2 in chilling stress, sense and antisense ub transgenic tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum l.), as well as wild type (wt) and vector control β-glucuronidase (t-gus) plants, were used. under stress, leaf wilting in sense plants was significantly less than in controls, ...	2014	24445300
overexpression of tanhx3, a vacuolar na⁺/h⁺ antiporter gene in wheat, enhances salt stress tolerance in tobacco by improving related physiological processes.	salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth, development, and productivity. in this study, we functionally characterized a wheat vacuolar na(+)/h(+) antiporter gene (tanhx3). tanhx3 is 78.9% identical with tanhx2 in nucleic acid level, encoding a polypeptide of 522 amino acids (aa). tanhx3 is targeted onto tonoplast after er sorting and can complement the growth under salt stress in a yeast mutant with a defective vacuolar na(+)/h(+) antiporter exchange. tanhx3 transc ...	2014	24448321
components from wheat roots modify the bioactivity of zno and cuo nanoparticles in a soil bacterium.	zno and cuo nanoparticles (nps) have widespread commercial uses and their impact on agricultural systems is unresolved. this study examined whether the metabolites washed from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots modulated the metabolic response to the nps of a biosensor generated in the root colonizer, pseudomonas putida kt2440. the root wash components boosted light output of the biosensor consistent with their catabolism. dose-dependent and rapid inhibition of cell metabolism occurred with both ...	2014	24448483
cloning of seed dormancy genes (tasdr) associated with tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting in common wheat and development of a functional marker.	after cloning and mapping of wheat tasdr genes, both the functional markers for tasdr - b1 and tavp - 1b were validated, and the distribution of allelic variations at tasdr - b1 locus in the wheat cultivars from 19 countries was characterized. seed dormancy is a major factor associated with pre-harvest sprouting (phs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). wheat tasdr genes, orthologs of ossdr4 conferring seed dormancy in rice, were cloned by a comparative genomics approach. they were located o ...	2014	24452439
traits associated with winter wheat grain yield in central and west asia.	improved adaptation of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to drought and heat may be influenced by days to heading, plant height, biomass, canopy temperature (ct) at grain filling, and rate of senescence. this study shows that, under supplemental irrigation or rainfed conditions, days to heading and plant height together explain up to 68% of grain yield (gy) variation, and these associations were further confirmed in several locations across west and central asia. days to heading can be slightl ...	2014	24456121
genetic analysis of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat grown in different light intensities.	growth light intensities largely determine photosynthesis, biomass, and grain yield of cereal crops. to explore the genetic basis of light responses of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis was carried out in a doubled haploid (dh) population grown in low light (ll), medium light (ml), and high light (hl), respectively. the results showed that the wheat seedlings grown in hl produced more biomass with lower total chloroph ...	2014	24456166
stimulation of polyphenol oxidase (monophenolase) activity in wheat endosperm by gibberellic acid, cycloheximide and actinomycin d.	embryoless wheat (triticum aestivum l.) half-seeds on incubation with gibberellic acid (ga3) showed a 2- to 2.5fold stimulation of monophenolase activity. the enzyme activity was not released into the incubation medium in ga3-treated half-seeds. the effect of ga3 was counteracted by the addition of abscisic acid (aba) to the half-seeds. adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and its structural analogues were ineffective in increasing the monophenolase activity. actinomycin d and cycloheximide show ...	1974	24458125
the rôle of reducing sugars in the geotropic response of the wheat node.	the distribution of sugars in the leaf sheath base of wheat (triticum aestivum) becomes asymmetric following horizontal displacement, the reducing sugar content of the lower side rising to 300-400% of that of the upper side during a 24-h stimulation period. the changes involve the hydrolysis of sucrose and appear, in older organs, in the absence of growth. although gravity-induced, the increase in reducing sugar content is not essential for initiation of the growth which gives rise to the geotro ...	1974	24458423
thigmomorphogenesis: the response of plant growth and development to mechanical stimulation : with special reference to bryonia dioica.	when young plants of hordeum vulgare. bryonia dioica. cucumis sativus. phaseolus vulgaris. mimosa pudica. and ricinus communis. were given a gentle mechanical stimulus by rubbing the internodes for about 10 s once or twice daily, elongation was significantly retarded. plants of cucurbita pepo pisum sativum and triticum aestivum did not exhibit any such response. the initial response to rubbing was very rapid, elongation stopping less than 3 min after application of the stimulus. when the stimulu ...	1973	24458719
the physico-chemical basis of leaf wettability in wheat.	wild type wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and three mutant lines that have reduced glaucousness on the flag leaf sheath have been examined for variations in glaucousness, contact angles, wax chemistry and wax morphology. on the sheath and culm, organs that are glaucous in the wild type, increasing glaucousness is correlated with increasing contact angles, an increasing proportion of β-diketones plus hydroxy-β-diketones in the was and an increasing proportion of wax tubes. organs that were non-glauc ...	1973	24458788
acid-induced growth and the geotropic response of the wheat node.	growth is initiated in segments of the leaf sheath base of triticum aestivum by gravitational stimulation and by incubation in buffer solutions of ph 3. both responses involve only an increase in segment length, are rapidly terminated on removal of the stimulus, have a similar q10 and are dependent upon cell turgor. they differ, however, in that the response to acid solutions is rapid and unaffected by anoxia. acid-induced growth can be stopped and started repeatedly by changing the ph, an incre ...	1973	24458791
the reducing end sequence of wheat endosperm cell wall arabinoxylans.	walls from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm are composed primarily of hetero-(arabino)xylans (axs) (70%) and (1→3)(1→4)-β-d-glucans (20%) with minor amounts of cellulose and heteromannans (2% each). to understand the differential solubility properties of the axs, as well as aspects of their biosynthesis, we are sequencing the xylan backbone and examining the reducing end (re) sequence(s) of wheat (monocot) axs. a previous study of grass axs (switchgrass, rice, brachypodium, miscanthus and ...	2014	24462668
exogenous ga3 application can compensate the morphogenetic effects of the ga-responsive dwarfing gene rht12 in bread wheat.	the most common dwarfing genes in wheat, rht-b1b and rht-d1b, classified as gibberellin-insensitive (gai) dwarfing genes due to their reduced response to exogenous ga, have been verified as encoding negative regulators of gibberellin signaling. in contrast, the response of gibberellin-responsive (gar) dwarfing genes, such as rht12, to exogenous ga is still unclear and the role of them, if any, in ga biosynthesis or signaling is unknown. the responses of rht12 to exogenous ga3 were investigated o ...	2014	24466090
a genotypic difference in primary root length is associated with the inhibitory role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 on root meristem size in wheat.	previously we identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) qtalro-b1 for primary root length (prl) in wheat. here we compare proteomics in the roots of the qtalro-b1 qtl isolines 178a, with short prl and small meristem size, and 178b, with long prl and large meristem size. a total of 16 differentially expressed proteins were identified: one, transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 (tatrip1), was enriched in 178a, while various peroxidases (pods) were more abunda ...	2014	24467344
growth initiation in the geotropic response of the wheat node.	the geotropic response in stems of triticum aestivum occurs at the leaf sheath bases. growth is initiated in the lower halves of these organs after orientation into the horizontal position. lateral transport of growth hormone is not involved in the development of curvature. continuous stimulation is necessary to maintain the response.growth can be initiated in small pieces of tissue excised from the leaf sheath base but this is entirely dependent upon the precise orientation of the tissue in the ...	1973	24468728
identification of a robust molecular marker for the detection of the stem rust resistance gene sr45 in common wheat.	fine mapping of the ug99 effective stem rust resistance gene sr45 introgressed into common wheat from the d -genome goatgrass aegilops tauschii. stem rust resistance gene sr45, discovered in aegilops tauschii, the progenitor of the d -genome of wheat, is effective against commercially important puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici races prevalent in australia, south africa and the ug99 race group. a synthetic hexaploid wheat (rl5406) generated by crossing ae. tauschii accession rl5289 (carrying sr45 ...	2014	24469473
longitudinal distribution of growth substances in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the basal fifth of the lamina, containing most of the gibberellin of young leaves, was the only part of the lamina that elongated. when the base of the lamina stopped elongating the gibberellin apparently moved up the lamina, but the leaf sheath still contained some gibberellin and continued to elongate. old, fully elongated, leaves contained most auxin and tryptophan in the apical fifth of the lamina that was dying; young leaves contained insignificant amounts of auxin. leaves contained two cyt ...	1973	24469894
senescence, nutrient remobilization, and yield in wheat and barley.	cereals including wheat and barley are of primary importance to ensure food security for the 21st century. a combination of lab- and field-based approaches has led to a considerably improved understanding of the importance of organ and particularly of whole-plant (monocarpic) senescence for wheat and barley yield and quality. a delicate balance between senescence timing, grain nutrient content, nutrient-use efficiency, and yield needs to be considered to (further) improve cereal varieties for a ...	0	24470467
biodegradation of methyl red by bacillus sp. strain un2: decolorization capacity, metabolites characterization, and enzyme analysis.	azo dyes are recalcitrant and refractory pollutants that constitute a significant menace to the environment. the present study is focused on exploring the capability of bacillus sp. strain un2 for application in methyl red (mr) degradation. effects of physicochemical parameters (ph of medium, temperature, initial concentration of dye, and composition of the medium) were studied in detail. the suitable ph and temperature range for mr degradation by strain un2 were respectively 7.0-9.0 and 30-40 ° ...	2014	24474566
overexpression of vp, a vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), improves tobacco plant growth under pi and n deprivation, high salinity, and drought.	establishing crop cultivars with strong tolerance to p and n deprivation, high salinity, and drought is an effective way to improve crop yield and promote sustainable agriculture worldwide. a vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase (v-h+-ppase) gene in wheat (tavp) was functionally characterized in this study. tavp cdna is 2586-bp long and encodes a 775-amino-acid polypeptide that contains 10 conserved membrane-spanning domains. transcription of tavp was upregulated by inorganic phosphate (pi) and n depriva ...	2014	24474810
the homoeologous genes encoding chalcone-flavanone isomerase in triticum aestivum l.: structural characterization and expression in different parts of wheat plant.	chalcone-flavanone isomerase (chi; ec 5.5.1.6.) participates in the early step of flavonoid biosynthesis, related to plant adaptive and protective responses to environmental stress. the bread wheat genomic sequences encoding chi were isolated, sequenced and mapped to the terminal segment of the long arms of chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d. the loss of the final chi intron and junction of the two last exons was found in the wheat a, b and d genomes compared to the chi sequences of most other plant spec ...	2014	24480448
isolation of protoplasts from cereal leaves.	mature leaves of secale cereale cut into narrow strips and incubated for 18 h in a mixture of cellulase (meicelase) and pectinase (pectinol r10) produced quantities of protoplasts. under the same conditions leaves of triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and avena sativa also produce protoplasts but in lower yields. the wheat and rye protoplasts in culture appear to regenerate a cell wall but only a very small proportion undergo cell division.	1972	24481701
genetic mapping of a putative thinopyrum intermedium-derived stripe rust resistance gene on wheat chromosome 1b.	stripe rust resistance transferred from thinopyrum intermedium into common wheat was controlled by a single dominant gene, which mapped to chromosome 1b near yr26 and was designated yrl693. stripe rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) is a highly destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum). stripe rust resistance was transferred from thinopyrum intermedium to common wheat, and the resulting introgression line (l693) exhibited all-stage resistance to the widely virulent an ...	2014	24487977
the weight of the mature wheat grain.	grains retained on the plants of some cultivars of common bread wheat lose dry matter after ripeness is attained, but later gain dry matter again. we conclude that the post-ripe plant may remain metabolically active.	1970	24496940
quality determination of wheat: genetic determination, biochemical markers, seed storage proteins - bread and durum wheat germplasm.	quality is an important determinant in wheat breeding since its genetic background is less affected by the environment and sufficiently influences the commercial value of a cultivar. thus, if a certain cultivar possesses some specific allele combination at crucial loci, then it appears quite possible to exhibit valuable qualitative traits in terms of end-product quality. this is also true if either durum or bread wheat germplasm is involved.	2014	24497330
expression and in silico characterization of phenylalanine ammonium lyase against karnal bunt (tilletia indica) in wheat (triticum aestivum).	to investigate the lignifications process and its physiological significance under karnal bunt (kb), the changes in enzymes responsible for lignifications likes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), were determined in resistant (hd-29) and susceptible genotype (wh-542) of wheat during different developmental stages. the pal gene was cloned and sequenced. the expression of pal gene was measured by means of semi-quantitative rt-pcr. the enzyme was expressed constitutively in both the susceptible and ...	2013	24497728
heritable, de novo resistance to leaf rust and other novel traits in selfed descendants of wheat responding to inoculation with wheat streak mosaic virus.	stable resistance to infection with wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) can be evolved de novo in selfing bread wheat lines subjected to cycles of wsmv inoculation and selection of best-performing plants or tillers. to learn whether this phenomenon might be applied to evolve resistance de novo to pathogens unrelated to wsmv, we examined the responses to leaf rust of succeeding generations of the rust- and wsmv-susceptible cultivar 'lakin' following wsmv inoculation and derived rust-resistant sublin ...	2014	24497941
breeding for the future: what are the potential impacts of future frost and heat events on sowing and flowering time requirements for australian bread wheat (triticum aestivium) varieties?	extreme climate, especially temperature, can severely reduce wheat yield. as global warming has already begun to increase mean temperature and the occurrence of extreme temperatures, it has become urgent to accelerate the 5-20 year process of breeding for new wheat varieties, to adapt to future climate. we analyzed the patterns of frost and heat events across the australian wheatbelt based on 50 years of historical records (1960-2009) for 2864 weather stations. flowering dates of three contrasti ...	2012	24501066
development and characterization of wheat lines carrying stem rust resistance gene sr43 derived from thinopyrum ponticum.	wheat lines carrying ug99-effective stem rust resistance gene sr43 on shortened alien chromosome segments were produced using chromosome engineering, and molecular markers linked to sr43 were identified for marker-assisted selection. stem rust resistance gene sr43, transferred into common wheat (triticum aestivum) from thinopyrum ponticum, is an effective gene against stem rust ug99 races. however, this gene has not been used in wheat breeding because it is located on a large th. ponticum 7el(2) ...	2014	24504553
photosynthetic proton and electron transport in wheat leaves under prolonged moderate drought stress.	in conditions of long-lasting moderate drought stress, we have studied the photoprotective responses in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. katya) related to the photosynthetic electron and proton transport. the dark-interval relaxation kinetics of electrochromic bandshift (ecs) indicated a decrease of electric and an increase of osmotic component of the proton motive force in drought stressed leaves, but neither the total proton motive force (pmf) nor the thylakoid proton conductance (gh ...	2014	24508481
can plants serve as a vector for prions causing chronic wasting disease?	prions, the causative agent of chronic wasting disease (cwd) enter the environment through shedding of bodily fluids and carcass decay, posing a disease risk as a result of their environmental persistence. plants have the ability to take up large organic particles, including whole proteins, and microbes. this study used wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to investigate the uptake of infectious cwd prions into roots and their transport into aerial tissues. the roots of intact wheat plants were exposed ...	2014	24509640
identification of leaf rust resistance genes in selected egyptian wheat cultivars by molecular markers.	leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina eriks., is a common and widespread disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in egypt. host resistance is the most economical, effective, and ecologically sustainable method of controlling the disease. molecular markers help to determine leaf rust resistance genes (lr genes). the objective of this study was to identify lr genes in fifteen wheat cultivars from egypt. ten genes, lr13, lr19, lr24, lr26, lr34, lr35 lr36, lr37, lr39, and lr46, were detected in fi ...	2014	24511291