Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and its major constituents. | oregano is a perennial shrub that grows in the mountains of the mediterranean and euro/irano-siberian regions. this study was conducted to identify the major constituents of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and examine the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the extract but more importantly the contribution of its specific major constituent(s) or their combination to the overall extract biological activity. gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the e ... | 2016 | 27051475 |
| infections and foreign bodies in ent. | infections play a major role in the practice of ent. microbial penetration into tissues of the head and neck can initiate a focal reaction causing superficial self-resolving infections. however, some of these have the potential to develop into life-threatening disease. we provide an overview of the most common ent infections with focus on the presentation, diagnosis and management. foreign bodies of the ear, nose and throat are a common presentation to primary and emergency care. most commonly t ... | 2012 | 27057069 |
| in vitro evaluation of the comprehensive antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of curtisia dentata (burm.f) c.a. sm: toxicological effect on the human embryonic kidney (hek293) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cell lines. | curtisia dentata is used in african traditional medicine to treat variety of infections. c. dentata leaves were collected from buffelskloof nature reserve, south africa. the ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using micro dilution assay against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycoplasma hominis, candida albicans and some clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis, proteus mirabilis and staphylococcus ... | 2015 | 27065768 |
| airway microbiota in severe asthma and relationship to asthma severity and phenotypes. | the lower airways harbor a community of bacterial species which is altered in asthma. | 2016 | 27078029 |
| clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | determining whether methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a true causative pathogen or reflective of colonization when mrsa is cultured from the respiratory tract remains important in treating patients with pneumonia. | 2016 | 27083412 |
| microbiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. | most sinus infections are viral and only a small percentage develop bacterial infection. rhino-, influenza, and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral causes of sinusitis. the most common bacterial isolates from children and adult patients with community-acquired acute bacterial sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes. staphylococcus aureus and anaerobic organisms (prevotella and porphyromonas, fusobacterium, a ... | 2016 | 27086363 |
| moonlighting of helicobacter pylori catalase protects against complement-mediated killing by utilising the host molecule vitronectin. | helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a common cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. despite h. pylori provoking strong innate and adaptive immune responses, the bacterium is able to successfully establish long-term infections. vitronectin (vn), a component of both the extracellular matrix and plasma, is involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of the complement system. the aim of this study was to define a receptor in h. pylori that binds vn and deter ... | 2016 | 27087644 |
| retrospective analysis of the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia in turkish patients with lung cancer. | the spectrum of pulmonary infections in patients with lung cancer is wide, and tools for target-oriented infection control measures are necessary. in this retrospective study we report the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia (based on the results of sputum culture) in a case series of turkish patients with lung malignancies. | 2016 | 27095942 |
| evaluation of various culture media for detection of rapidly growing mycobacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. | isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) is challenging due to overgrowth by rapidly growing species that colonize the lungs of patients with cf. extended incubation on burkholderia cepacia selective agar (bcsa) has been recommended as an expedient culture method for the isolation of rapidly growing ntm in this setting. the aim of this study was to assess five selective media designed for the isolation of burkholderia cepacia complex, a ... | 2016 | 27098962 |
| ultra-deep and quantitative saliva proteome reveals dynamics of the oral microbiome. | the oral cavity is home to one of the most diverse microbial communities of the human body and a major entry portal for pathogens. its homeostasis is maintained by saliva, which fulfills key functions including lubrication of food, pre-digestion, and bacterial defense. consequently, disruptions in saliva secretion and changes in the oral microbiome contribute to conditions such as tooth decay and respiratory tract infections. here we set out to quantitatively map the saliva proteome in great dep ... | 2016 | 27102203 |
| early-life intranasal colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae exacerbates juvenile airway disease in mice. | accumulating evidence suggests a connection between asthma development and colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). specifically, nasopharyngeal colonization of human infants with nthi within 4 weeks of birth is associated with an increased risk of asthma development later in childhood. monocytes derived from these infants have aberrant inflammatory responses to common upper respiratory bacterial antigens compared to those of cells derived from infants who were not colonized ... | 2016 | 27113355 |
| microbiology of peritonsillar abscess in the south estonian population. | the first aim of this study was to compare the microbiota of different locations (pus, tonsillar fossa, blood) in peritonsillar abscess (pta) patients in order to optimize the sampling scheme. the second aim was to estimate the occurrence of tonsillitis episodes and macroscopic oropharyngeal signs characteristic of recurrent tonsillitis in pta patients. | 2016 | 27113570 |
| draft genome sequence of psychrobacter sp. ennn9_iii, a strain isolated from water in a polluted temperate estuarine system (ria de aveiro, portugal). | the genus psychrobacter includes gram-negative coccobacilli that are non-pigmented, oxidase-positive, non-motile, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, and halotolerant. psychrobacter strain ennn9_iii was isolated from water in a polluted temperate estuarine system, contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals. the genome has a g + c content of 42.7%, 2618 open reading frames (orfs), three copies of the rrnas operon, and 29 trna genes. twenty-five sequences related to the degradation of aromatic ... | 2016 | 27114904 |
| effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugated vaccine (phid-cv) against carriage and acute otitis media-a double-blind randomized clinical trial in finland. | after administering the 10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide nontypeable haemophilus influenzae protein d-conjugated vaccine (phid-cv) to children aged 2-18 months, we observed a reduction in vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage, resulting in a reduction of overall pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage, which may be important for indirect vaccine effects. we noted a trend toward reduction of acute otitis media. | 2016 | 27125273 |
| direct molecular detection of a broad range of bacterial and viral organisms and streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine serotypes in children with otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) causes significant morbidity in children, but the causes of ome and methods for prevention are unclear. to look for potential infectious etiologies, we performed a pilot study using multiple-target real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for 27 infectious agents, including nine bacterial organisms and 18 respiratory viruses in middle ear fluids (mefs) from children with ome. qpcr was also performed for the 13 streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes contained in the ... | 2016 | 27130295 |
| pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management. | a pleural effusion is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. it can pose a diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician because it may be related to disorders of the lung or pleura, or to a systemic disorder. patients most commonly present with dyspnea, initially on exertion, predominantly dry cough, and pleuritic chest pain. to treat pleural effusion appropriately, it is important to determine its etiology. however, the etiology of pleural effusion remains unclear in nearly 20 ... | 2012 | 27147861 |
| defining the binding region in factor h to develop a therapeutic factor h-fc fusion protein against non-typeable haemophilus influenzae. | non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) cause a range of illnesses including otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections that contribute to the problem of antibiotic resistance and are themselves often intractable to standard antibiotic treatment regimens. we investigated a strategy to exploit binding of the complement inhibitor factor h (fh) to nthi as a functional target for an immunotherapeutic containing the nthi binding domain of fh fuse ... | 2016 | 27148489 |
| high azithromycin concentration in lungs by way of bovine serum albumin microspheres as targeted drug delivery: lung targeting efficiency in albino mice. | following administration, the antibiotic travels freely through the body and also accumulates in other parts apart from the infection site. high dosage and repeated ingestion of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia leads to undesirable effects and inappropriate disposition of the drug. by way of targeted lung delivery, this study was intended to eliminate inappropriate azithromycin disposition and to achieve higher azithromycin concentration to treat deeper airway infections. | 2016 | 27150818 |
| comparative efficacy and safety of cefixime and ciprofloxacin in the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia in ibadan, nigeria. | initial antibiotic therapy in upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empirical. however, the decreasing susceptibility of respiratory pathogens to antibacterials have raised concerns about the decreasing efficacy of currently available antibiotics. | 2015 | 27162517 |
| comparative analysis of prophage-like elements in helicobacter sp. genomes. | prophages are regarded as one of the factors underlying bacterial virulence, genomic diversification, and fitness, and are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes. information on helicobacter sp. prophages remains scarce. in this study, sixteen prophages were identified and analyzed in detail. eight of them are described for the first time. based on a comparative genomic analysis, these sixteen prophages can be classified into four different clusters. phylogenetic relationships of cluster a helicobacter ... | 2016 | 27169002 |
| uropathogenic e. coli exploit cea to promote colonization of the urogenital tract mucosa. | attachment to the host mucosa is a key step in bacterial pathogenesis. on the apical surface of epithelial cells, members of the human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) family are abundant glycoproteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and modulation of cell signaling. interestingly, several gram-negative bacterial pathogens target these receptors by specialized adhesins. the prototype of a ceacam-binding pathogen, neisseria gonorrhoeae, utilizes colony opacity associated (opa) proteins to engage cea ... | 2016 | 27171273 |
| the chinchilla research resource database: resource for an otolaryngology disease model. | the long-tailed chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera) is an established animal model for diseases of the inner and middle ear, among others. in particular, chinchilla is commonly used to study diseases involving viral and bacterial pathogens and polymicrobial infections of the upper respiratory tract and the ear, such as otitis media. the value of the chinchilla as a model for human diseases prompted the sequencing of its genome in 2012 and the more recent development of the chinchilla research resou ... | 2016 | 27173523 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to allergens in school children with asthma residents from guadalajara metropolitan area]. | allergic sensitization is dependent on the geographical and climatic conditions in each region; therefore, identify agents most commonly sensitized children with asthma is important for planning prevention measures. | 2016 | 27174756 |
| [prevalence of sensitization to fungi in patients with respiratory allergy]. | as part of the etiology of respiratory allergy we have genetics, prenatal factors and sensitivity to various airborne allergens, between these fungi are found. relationship has been found between sensitization to fungal in skin tests and allergy pathogenesis and aggravation. there is a few literature in mexico and in the north of the country it is lacking regarding this problem. | 2016 | 27174757 |
| membrane anchoring stabilizes and favors secretion of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase. | carbapenems, 'last-resort' β-lactam antibiotics, are inactivated by zinc-dependent metallo-β-lactamases (mbls). the host innate immune response withholds nutrient metal ions from microbial pathogens by releasing metal-chelating proteins such as calprotectin. we show that metal sequestration is detrimental for the accumulation of mbls in the bacterial periplasm, because those enzymes are readily degraded in their nonmetallated form. however, the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1) can persist u ... | 2016 | 27182662 |
| ten-year study of acute otitis media in rochester, ny. | this review summarizes a prospective, longitudinal 10-year study in rochester, ny, involving 760 children where virtually all clinically diagnosed acute otitis media (aom) was confirmed by bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. this review describes detection of otopathogens in middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal (np) otopathogen colonization patterns, aom risk factor analysis, biomarkers of aom and antibody responses to np colonization by otopathogens. after licensure of pcv13, there was an immedi ... | 2016 | 27182898 |
| phase 3 trials of thermosensitive ciprofloxacin gel for middle ear effusion in children with tubes. | to investigate the efficacy, safety, and microbiology of a thermosensitive otic suspension of ciprofloxacin (oto-201) in children with bilateral middle ear effusion undergoing tympanostomy tube placement. | 2016 | 27188702 |
| identification of bacterial and viral codetections with mycoplasma pneumoniae using the taqman array card in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. | mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in a number of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in a recent prospective study. to assess whether other pathogens were also detected in these patients, taqman array cards were used to test 216 m pneumoniae-positive respiratory specimens for 25 additional viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. it is interesting to note that 1 or more codetections, predominantly bacterial, were identified in approximately 60% of specimens, with codetections being mor ... | 2016 | 27191004 |
| a wide spectrum of fastidious and ampicillin-susceptible bacteria dominate in animal-caused wounds. | the main purpose of this study was to assess the actual occurrence of gram-negative oxidase-positive bacteria (gnop) in human wounds caused by animals, mostly cat and dog bites and scratches, and with signs of infection. we report a prospective series of 92 wound samples. routine culturing was combined with a procedure optimised for fastidious gnop. all gnop isolates were identified by 16s rdna sequencing to the species level. we observed a more prominent role of gnop, including at least 30 spec ... | 2016 | 27197725 |
| flashy flagella: flagellin modification is relatively common and highly versatile among the enterobacteriaceae. | post-translational glycosylation of the flagellin protein is relatively common among gram-negative bacteria, and has been linked to several phenotypes, including flagellar biosynthesis and motility, biofilm formation, host immune evasion and manipulation and virulence. however to date, despite extensive physiological and genetic characterization, it has never been reported for the peritrichously flagellate enterobacteriaceae. | 2016 | 27206480 |
| impact of widespread introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal and nonpneumococcal otitis media. | pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (pcvs) impact on complex otitis media (om; including recurrent, nonresponsive, and chronic om with effusion) was greater than that on simple, acute om in previous studies. since complex om is often a polymicrobial disease, we speculated that reduction of complex om by pcvs would be associated with reduction of non-pneumococcal om. | 2016 | 27225239 |
| etiological characteristics of chlamydia trachoma conjunctivitis of primary boarding school students in the qinghai tibetan area. | the aim of this study was to investigate the etiological characteristics of chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis among resident students at primary schools in the qinghai tibetan area in order to understand the distribution of c. trachomatis and other pathogenic microorganisms, to detect the isolation rate of infectious pathogens, and to provide an evidence for further targeted efforts in the prevent of sporadic trachoma efforts. from two primary schools in qinghai province, ocular samples from ... | 2016 | 27225259 |
| associations between nasopharyngeal carriage of group b streptococcus and other respiratory pathogens during early infancy. | in west africa, the carriage of group b streptococcus (gbs), among infants is poorly characterised. we investigated co-carriage of gbs with other respiratory pathogens in the infants' nasopharynx in the gambia. | 2016 | 27230066 |
| the oligopeptide permease opp mediates illicit transport of the bacterial p-site decoding inhibitor ge81112. | ge81112 is a tetrapeptide antibiotic that binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and specifically inhibits p-site decoding of the mrna initiation codon by the fmet-trna anticodon. ge81112 displays excellent microbiological activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in both minimal and complete, chemically defined, broth, but is essentially inactive in complete complex media. this is due to the presence of peptides that compete with the antibiotic for the oligopeptide permease sys ... | 2016 | 27231947 |
| the frequency of influenza and bacterial coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | coinfecting bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in influenza. however, there remains a paucity of literature on the magnitude of coinfection in influenza patients. | 2016 | 27232677 |
| pathogens causing upper respiratory tract infections in outpatients. | the aim of the present study was to determine the results of typical and atypical bacteria microbiological tests in patients with symptoms of chronic cough. we investigated 230 outpatients aged from 1 to 83 years (112 female, 72 male, and 46 children) who were free of any respiratory tract infection at the time of study. the material for the investigation consisted of pharyngeal swabs. two hundred and thirty pharyngeal swabs were examined for chlamydia pneumoniae antigen and for typical pathogen ... | 2016 | 27235165 |
| antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing acute otitis media in finnish children. | microbiology and susceptibility of middle ear pathogens in children change over time and antibiotic resistance is increasing globally. for the clinicians it is important to be up to date about the resistance situation when considering antibiotic treatment in acute otitis media (aom). in this study we analysed the resistance profile of aom pathogens in out-patient children in finland. | 2016 | 27240503 |
| discovery and analysis of natural-product compounds inhibiting protein synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacterial protein synthesis is the target for numerous natural and synthetic antibacterial agents. we have developed a poly(u) mrna-directed aminoacylation/translation (a/t) protein synthesis system composed of phenylalanyl-trna synthetases (phers), ribosomes, and ribosomal factors from pseudomonas aeruginosa this system has been used for high-throughput screening of a natural-compound library. assays were developed for each component of the system to ascertain the specific target of inhibitory ... | 2016 | 27246774 |
| in vitro and in vivo characterization of the novel oxabicyclooctane-linked bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor am-8722, a selective, potent inhibitor of bacterial dna gyrase. | oxabicyclooctane-linked novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (nbtis) represent a new class of recently described antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. nbtis dually inhibit the clinically validated bacterial targets dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv and have been shown to bind distinctly from known classes of antibacterial agents directed against these targets. herein we report the molecular, cellular, and in vivo characterization of am-8722 as a representative n-alkylated-1,5-naph ... | 2016 | 27246784 |
| the fifth international meeting of isev, isev2016, rotterdam, the netherlands, 4 - 7 may, 2016. | 2016 | 27247029 | |
| pneumococcal vaccine impact on otitis media microbiology: a new zealand cohort study before and after the introduction of phid-cv10 vaccine. | we compared the microbiology of middle ear fluid (mef) in two cohorts of children having ventilation tube (vt) insertion; the first in the era of 7-valent streptococcus pneumoniae conjugate vaccine (pcv7) and the second following introduction of the ten-valent pneumococcal vaccine (phid-cv10). | 2016 | 27265454 |
| sulfate-binding protein, cysp, is a candidate vaccine antigen of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis causes otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections would have an enormous impact globally in preventing morbidity caused by m. catarrhalis in these populations. using a genome mining approach we have identified a sulfate binding protein, cysp, of an atp binding cassette (abc) transporter system as a novel candidate vaccine antigen. cysp expresses epitope ... | 2016 | 27265455 |
| serum albumin and ca2+ are natural competence inducers in the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii. | the increasing frequency of bacteria showing antimicrobial resistance (amr) raises the menace of entering into a postantibiotic era. horizontal gene transfer (hgt) is one of the prime reasons for amr acquisition. acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen with outstanding abilities to survive in the hospital environment and to acquire resistance determinants. its capacity to incorporate exogenous dna is a major source of amr genes; however, few studies have addressed this subject. the tran ... | 2016 | 27270286 |
| susceptibility of urinary tract bacteria to newer antimicrobial drugs. | urinary tract infections (utis) are among the commonest types of bacterial infections. the antibiotic treatment for utis is associated with important medical and economic implications. many different microorganisms can cause utis though the most common pathogens are e. coli and members of family enterobacteriaceae. the knowledge of etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of the organisms causing urinary tract infection is essential. the present study was undertaken to evaluate trends of antib ... | 2016 | 27275323 |
| detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in patients with paranasal chronic sinusitis by polymerase chain reaction method. | sinusitis is a complex involvement of the upper respiratory system by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other allergens. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the dominant bacterial microorganisms involved in acute sinusitis, whereas in chronic sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus and some anaerobic bacteria are the prevailing pathogens. appropriate antibiotic treatment requires sinusitis bacteriology assessment. the aim of this study was to isolate bacteria in c ... | 2016 | 27282403 |
| [surveillance of in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents for 11,762 clinical isolates obtained from 69 centers in 2013]. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been conducted continuously as postmarketing surveillance of levofloxacin (lvfx) since 1994. the present survey was undertaken to investigate in vitro susceptibilities of bacteria to 33 selected antibacterial agents, focusing on fluoroquinolones (fqs), using 11,762 clinical isolates for 19 species collected from 69 centers during 2013 in japan. the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and ha ... | 2016 | 27290827 |
| [susceptibility of clinically-isolated bacteria strains to respiratory quinolones and evaluation of antimicrobial agent efficacy by monte carlo simulation]. | respiratory quinolones (rqs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of a wide variety of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. however, bacterial resistance to quinolones has been on the increase. in this study, we investigated the predicted efficacy of rqs for various strains of 9 bacterial species clinically isolated at our university hospital using the monte carlo simulation (mcs) method based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling. in addition, the infl ... | 2016 | 27290828 |
| [evaluation of safety and efficacy of tebipenem pivoxil granules for pediatric in pneumonia, otitis media and sinusitis]. | we conducted a postmarketing surveillance of tebipenem pivoxil granules (orapenem® fine granules 10% for pediatric), an oral carbapenem antibacterial agent, between april 2010 and march 2013 to evaluate the safety and efficacy in patients with pneumonia or otitis media, or sinusitis of 3,547 patients enrolled, 3,540 from whom survey forms were collected were analyzed. of these 3,540 patients, there were a total of 3,331 patients included in the safety analysis, 2,844 in the efficacy analysis, 2, ... | 2016 | 27290830 |
| draft genome sequence of moraxella catarrhalis type strain ccug 353t. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacterium found in the human respiratory tract. it is associated with otitis media and respiratory tract infections. here, we report the draft genome sequence of m. catarrhalis type strain ccug 353(t), composed of 18 contigs and a total size of 1.89 mb. | 2016 | 27313296 |
| the arsenal of pathogens and antivirulence therapeutic strategies for disarming them. | pathogens deploy an arsenal of virulence factors (vfs) to establish themselves within their infectious niche. the discovery of antimicrobial compounds and their development into therapeutics has made a monumental impact on human and microbial populations. although humans have used antimicrobials for medicinal and agricultural purposes, microorganism populations have developed and shared resistance mechanisms to persevere in the face of classical antimicrobials. however, a positive substitute is ... | 2016 | 27313446 |
| development of upper respiratory tract microbiota in infancy is affected by mode of delivery. | birth by caesarian section is associated with short- and long-term respiratory morbidity. we hypothesized that mode of delivery affects the development of the respiratory microbiota, thereby altering its capacity to provide colonization resistance and consecutive pathobiont overgrowth and infections. therefore, we longitudinally studied the impact of mode of delivery on the nasopharyngeal microbiota development from birth until six months of age in a healthy, unselected birth cohort of 102 child ... | 2016 | 27333043 |
| sputum induction in children is feasible and useful in a bustling general hospital practice. | we prospectively studied the feasibility and effectiveness of sputum induction in obtaining good quality sputum and its subsequent bacterial yield in children with clinically suspected acute lower-respiratory-tract infection (alrti). good quality sputum was collected in 89/98 (91%) patients. sputum cultures revealed ≥1 bacterial pathogens in 22 cases (25%). adverse events were infrequent and mild (6%). sputum induction is feasible in young children and leads to an increased number of etiological ... | 2016 | 27336008 |
| maximal mid-expiratory flow is a surrogate marker of lung clearance index for assessment of adults with bronchiectasis. | little is known about the comparative diagnostic value of lung clearance index (lci) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (mmef) in bronchiectasis. we compared the diagnostic performance, correlation and concordance with clinical variables, and changes of lci and mmef% predicted during bronchiectasis exacerbations (bes). patients with stable bronchiectasis underwent history inquiry, chest high-resolution computed tomography (hrct), multiple-breath nitrogen wash-out test, spirometry and sputum culture ... | 2016 | 27339787 |
| monoclonal antibodies against dna-binding tips of dnabii proteins disrupt biofilms in vitro and induce bacterial clearance in vivo. | the vast majority of chronic and recurrent bacterial diseases are attributed to the presence of a recalcitrant biofilm that contributes significantly to pathogenesis. as such, these diseases will require an innovative therapeutic approach. we targeted dnabii proteins, an integral component of extracellular dna (edna) which is universally found as part of the pathogenic biofilm matrix to develop a biofilm disrupting therapeutic. we show that a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies directed against sp ... | 2016 | 27342872 |
| focus on jnj-q2, a novel fluoroquinolone, for the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | jnj-q2 is a novel, fifth-generation fluoroquinolone that has excellent in vitro and in vivo activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. in vitro studies indicate that jnj-q2 has potent activity against pathogens responsible for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp), such as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae. jnj-q2 also has been shown to have a higher barrier to resistance compar ... | 2016 | 27354817 |
| flexible bronchoscopy contribution in the approach of diagnosis and treatment of children's respiratory diseases: the experience of a unique pediatric unit in tunisia. | our study aimed at assessing the role of flexible bronchoscopy (fb) in improving diagnosis and management of children's respiratory conditions in the pediatric unit of fb, newly created and unique in tunisia. | 2016 | 27358613 |
| nasopharyngeal microbiota composition of children is related to the frequency of upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis. | upper respiratory infections (uri) and their complications are a major healthcare burden for pediatric populations. although the microbiology of the nasopharynx is an important determinant of the complications of uri, little is known of the nasopharyngeal (np) microbiota of children, the factors that affect its composition, and its precise relationship with uri. | 2016 | 27364497 |
| retrospective review of factors associated with severe hospitalised community-acquired influenza in a tertiary paediatric hospital in south australia. | influenza infection can result in severe disease with debilitating complications. young children have the highest rate of influenza hospitalisations with various factors influencing influenza susceptibility and severity. | 2016 | 27381474 |
| the microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage from young children with chronic lung disease includes taxa present in both the oropharynx and nasopharynx. | invasive methods requiring general anaesthesia are needed to sample the lung microbiota in young children who do not expectorate. this poses substantial challenges to longitudinal study of paediatric airway microbiota. non-invasive upper airway sampling is an alternative method for monitoring airway microbiota; however, there are limited data describing the relationship of such results with lung microbiota in young children. in this study, we compared the upper and lower airway microbiota in you ... | 2016 | 27388563 |
| commensal-pathogen interactions along the human nasal passages. | 2016 | 27389401 | |
| atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters of the human respiratory tract pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis: role in virulence. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory tract pathogen that causes otitis media (middle ear infections) in children and respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in view of the huge global burden of disease caused by m. catarrhalis, the development of vaccines to prevent these infections and better approaches to treatment have become priorities. in previous work, we used a genome mining approach that identified three substrate binding proteins (sbps) ... | 2016 | 27391026 |
| the bioeffects resulting from prokaryotic cells and yeast being exposed to an 18 ghz electromagnetic field. | the mechanisms by which various biological effects are triggered by exposure to an electromagnetic field are not fully understood and have been the subject of debate. here, the effects of exposing typical representatives of the major microbial taxa to an 18 ghz microwave electromagnetic field (emf)were studied. it appeared that the emf exposure induced cell permeabilisation in all of the bacteria and yeast studied, while the cells remained viable (94% throughout the exposure), independent of the ... | 2016 | 27391488 |
| evaluation of an automated system for reading and interpreting disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of fastidious bacteria. | results of disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing depend on individual visual reading of inhibition zone diameters. therefore, automated reading using camera systems might represent a useful tool for standardization. in this study, the adagio automated system (bio-rad) was evaluated for reading disk diffusion tests of fastidious bacteria. 144 clinical isolates (68 β-haemolytic streptococci, 28 streptococcus pneumoniae, 18 viridans group streptococci, 13 haemophilus influenzae, 7 mor ... | 2016 | 27391898 |
| decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children. | 2016 | 27398054 | |
| profiling the membrane and glycosaminoglycan-binding proteomes of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis, a gram-negative bacterium, is an important respiratory pathogen causing acute otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. adhesion of the pathogen to human epithelial cells is mediated via bacterial membrane adhesin proteins. to identify the surface proteome of moraxella catarrhalis, we applied different membrane protein extraction methods in combination with different proteomic technologies. proteins from preparations of outer membrane vesicle ... | 2016 | 27403532 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in young children in greenland: a population at high risk of respiratory infections. | the incidence of childhood respiratory infections in greenland is among the highest globally. we performed a population-based study of 352 greenlandic children aged 0-6 years aiming to describe rates and risk factors for carriage of four key bacteria associated with respiratory infections, their antimicrobial susceptibility and inter-bacterial associations. nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for streptococcus pneumoniae grouped by serotypes included (vt) or not included (nvt) in the 13-valent pneu ... | 2016 | 27405603 |
| erythema nodosum - presentation of three cases. | erythema nodosum (en) is a well-known form of panniculitis. it may occur as an idiopathic form and also can be induced by certain clinical conditions such as infections and granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis. erythema nodosum may be accompanied by general symptoms such as fever, weakness, and severe pain, but skin lesions resolve without skin damage. erythema nodosum occurrence is for the clinician a signal for a wider diagnosis and determination of the cause of occurrence of symptoms. t ... | 2016 | 27407285 |
| moraxella catarrhalis might be more common than expected in acute otitis media in young finnish children. | according to studies based on bacterial cultures of middle ear fluids, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis have been the most common pathogens in acute otitis media. however, bacterial culture can be affected by reduced viability or suboptimal growth of bacteria. pcr detects bacterial dna from samples with greater sensitivity than culture. in the present study, we analyzed the middle ear pathogens with both conventional culture and semiquantitative real-ti ... | 2016 | 27413187 |
| antitubercular drugs for an old target: gsk693 as a promising inha direct inhibitor. | despite being one of the first antitubercular agents identified, isoniazid (inh) is still the most prescribed drug for prophylaxis and tuberculosis (tb) treatment and, together with rifampicin, the pillars of current chemotherapy. a high percentage of isoniazid resistance is linked to mutations in the pro-drug activating enzyme katg, so the discovery of direct inhibitors (di) of the enoyl-acp reductase (inha) has been pursued by many groups leading to the identification of different enzyme inhib ... | 2016 | 27428438 |
| lung microbiome analysis in steroid-naїve asthma patients by using whole sputum. | although recent metagenomic approaches have characterized the distinguished microbial compositions in airways of asthmatics, these results did not reach a consensus due to the small sample size, non-standardization of specimens and medication status. we conducted a metagenomics approach by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of the induced whole sputum representing both the cellular and fluid phases in a relative large number of steroid naïve asthmatics. | 2016 | 27433177 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in china: results from the cartips antimicrobial surveillance program. | this study investigated the antimicrobial susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolates causing adult community-acquired respiratory tract infections (cartis) in china. a multicentre resistance surveillance study (cartips) investigating 1046 clinical isolates from 19 hospitals in china was conducted from 2013 to 2014. based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoints of oral penicillin, the percentages of penicillin-resistan ... | 2016 | 27436464 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from patients in bangkok, thailand. | 2016 | 27436474 | |
| microbiological characterization of haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital, south india. | haemophilus influenzae is responsible for wide range of localized and invasive lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) with the highest burden of disease in low and middle income countries. | 2016 | 27437218 |
| neisserial opa protein-ceacam interactions: competition for receptors as a means of bacterial invasion and pathogenesis. | carcino-embryonic antigen-like cellular adhesion molecules (ceacams), members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, are responsible for cell-cell interactions and cellular signaling events. extracellular interactions with ceacams have the potential to induce phagocytosis, as is the case with pathogenic neisseria bacteria. pathogenic neisseria species express opacity-associated (opa) proteins, which interact with a subset of ceacams on human cells, and initiate the engulfment of the bacterium. we de ... | 2016 | 27442026 |
| complete genome sequence of moraxella osloensis strain kmc41, a producer of 4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid, a major malodor compound in laundry. | we report the complete genome sequence of moraxella osloensis strain kmc41, isolated from laundry with malodor. the kmc41 genome comprises a 2,445,556-bp chromosome and three plasmids. a fatty acid desaturase and at least four β-oxidation-related genes putatively associated with 4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid generation were detected in the kmc41 chromosome. | 2016 | 27445387 |
| canine detection of the volatilome: a review of implications for pathogen and disease detection. | the volatilome is the entire set of volatile organic compounds (voc) produced by an organism. the accumulation of voc inside and outside of the body reflects the unique metabolic state of an organism. scientists are developing technologies to non-invasively detect voc for the purposes of medical diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, disease outbreak containment, and disease prevention. detection dogs are proven to be a valuable real-time mobile detection technology for the detection of voc related ... | 2016 | 27446935 |
| the use of pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) to detect bacterial and fungal colonization in healthy military service members. | the role of microbial colonization in disease is complex. novel molecular tools to detect colonization offer theoretical improvements over traditional methods. we evaluated pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) as a screening tool to study colonization of healthy military service members. | 2016 | 27448413 |
| comparison of the frequency of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized across distinct severity categories: a prospective cross-sectional study. | the comparison of the frequencies of bacterial and viral infections among children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) admitted in distinct severity categories, in an original study, is lacking in literature to-date. we aimed to achieve this goal. | 2016 | 27449898 |
| in vitro effects of anthocyanidins on sinonasal epithelial nitric oxide production and bacterial physiology. | t2r bitter taste receptors play a crucial role in sinonasal innate immunity by upregulating mucociliary clearance and nitric oxide (no) production in response to bitter gram-negative quorum-sensing molecules in the airway surface liquid. previous studies showed that phytochemical flavonoid metabolites, known as anthocyanidins, taste bitter and have antibacterial effects. our objectives were to examine the effects of anthocyanidins on no production by human sinonasal epithelial cells and ciliary ... | 2016 | 27456596 |
| in vitro activity of delafloxacin tested against isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | delafloxacin, an investigational anionic fluoroquinolone, is active against a broad range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. in this study, 200 streptococcus pneumoniae (plus 30 levofloxacin-resistant isolates), 200 haemophilus influenzae, and 100 moraxella catarrhalis isolates selected primarily from the united states (2014) were tested against delafloxacin and comparator agents. delafloxacin was the most potent agent tested. mic50 and mic90 values against all s. pneumoniae isolates w ... | 2016 | 27458220 |
| cigarette smoke alters the ability of human dendritic cells to promote anti-streptococcus pneumoniae th17 response. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is associated with chronic inflammation and impaired immune response to pathogens leading to bacteria-induced exacerbation of the disease. a defect in th17 cytokines in response to streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacteria associated with copd exacerbations, has been recently reported. dendritic cells (dc) are professional antigen presenting cells that drive t-cells differentiation and activation. in this study, we hypothesized that exposure to cigarette s ... | 2016 | 27460220 |
| a pediatric case of acute generalized pustular eruption without streptococcal infection. | generalized pustular lesions characterized by acute onset with fever occur in pustulosis acuta generalisata, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and generalized pustular psoriasis. in the present report, we describe a pediatric case of generalized pustular eruption that was not completely consistent with clinical features. our patient had no evidence of a post-streptococcal infection. we observed scattered symmetric eruption of discrete pustules with an inflammatory halo on normal skin. ... | 2016 | 27462226 |
| seasonal patterns and association of meteorological factors with infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in childhood community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region. | 2017 | 27464260 | |
| two distinct cardiolipin synthases operate in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | cardiolipin (cl) is a universal component of energy generating membranes. in most bacteria, it is synthesized via the condensation of two molecules phosphatidylglycerol (pg) by phospholipase d-type cardiolipin synthases (pld-type cls). in the plant pathogen and natural genetic engineer agrobacterium tumefaciens cl comprises up to 15% of all phospholipids in late stationary growth phase. a. tumefaciens harbors two genes, atu1630 (cls1) and atu2486 (cls2), coding for pld-type cls. heterologous exp ... | 2016 | 27472399 |
| [prolonged culture in a humid chamber increases the yields of pathogenic bacteria from the respiratory tract samples of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis]. | current standards of care for cystic fibrosis (cf) patients lack unequivocal recommendations concerning the duration of primary culture of bacteriological samples. with the exception of burkholderia cepacia (5 days), the minimum recommended duration of primary culture varies between 48 and 72 hours. our aim was to evaluate the effect of an extended 10-day period of primary culture in a humid chamber in samples acquired from the respiratory tract of patients suffering from cf. compared to standar ... | 2016 | 27476592 |
| high frequency and diversity of antimicrobial activities produced by nasal staphylococcus strains against bacterial competitors. | the human nasal microbiota is highly variable and dynamic often enclosing major pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus. the potential roles of bacteriocins or other mechanisms allowing certain bacterial clones to prevail in this nutrient-poor habitat have hardly been studied. of 89 nasal staphylococcus isolates, unexpectedly, the vast majority (84%) was found to produce antimicrobial substances in particular under habitat-specific stress conditions, such as iron limitation or exposure to hydrog ... | 2016 | 27490492 |
| inflammation-associated cytokine analysis identifies presence of respiratory bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx. | we sought to determine if inflammatory cytokines are induced during asymptomatic nasopharyngeal (np) colonization by the common respiratory bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae (spn), non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mcat). 85 serum samples were studied from 85 children 6-36 months of age when children were healthy and potentially np colonized with spn, nthi or mcat. immunoassays were used to quantitate serum sicam-1, il-10 and s100a12 levels. logistic regressio ... | 2016 | 27493063 |
| managing wheeze in preschool children: how difficult can it be? | wheeze is a common symptom in infants and preschool children. up to 30% of children wheeze at least once before the age of 3 years and 2% of those have it severe enough to warrant hospital admission. not only parents but also physicians have difficulty in recognizing wheeze. wrong diagnosis of the underlying condition leads to inappropriate and unnecessary management and patient morbidity. asthma is the commonest underlying condition in children with wheeze, but the differential diagnosis is qui ... | 2012 | 27493341 |
| il-2 expression and t lymphocyte phenotyping in young children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with streptococcus pyogenes. | t cells are components of adaptive immunity and are involved in the resolution of respiratory infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. activation and differentiation of t cells is given mostly by the cytokine il-2. this study aimed to determine the phenotype of t cells and il-2 expression in children suffering from upper respiratory tract infection with streptococcus pyogenes (s. pyogenes). for this purpose, il-2 expression at its gene and prote ... | 2016 | 27493590 |
| development of a fast and low-cost qpcr assay for diagnosis of acute gas pharyngitis. | group a streptococci (gas) are the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis and account for 15-30 % of cases of acute pharyngitis in children and 5-10 % of cases in adults. in this study, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) based gas detection assay in pharyngeal swab specimens was developed. | 2016 | 27501688 |
| risk factors to predict drug-resistant pathogens in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia. | after the concept of healthcare associated pneumonia (hcap) was introduced in 2005 by the american thoracic society/infectious disease society of america (ats/idsa), pneumonia in hemodialysis patients has been classified as hcap. even though there are several risk factors and scoring systems of drug-resistant pathogens (drps) in hcap, the risk factors for drps in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia are unclear. | 2016 | 27502599 |
| tsr chemoreceptor interacts with il-8 provoking e. coli transmigration across human lung epithelial cells. | bacterial colonization of epithelial surfaces and subsequent transmigration across the mucosal barrier are essential for the development of infection. we hypothesized that the methyl-accepting proteins (mcps), known as chemoreceptors expressed on escherichia coli (e. coli) bacterial surface, play an important role in mediating bacterial transmigration. we demonstrated a direct interaction between human interleukin-8 (il-8) and tsr receptor, a major mcp chemoreceptor. stimulation of human lung ep ... | 2016 | 27506372 |
| fmvb: a francisella tularensis magnesium-responsive outer membrane protein that plays a role in virulence. | francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the lethal disease tularemia. despite decades of research, little is understood about why f. tularensis is so virulent. bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) are involved in various virulence processes, including protein secretion, host cell attachment, and intracellular survival. many pathogenic bacteria require metals for intracellular survival and omps often play important roles in metal uptake. previous studies identified three f. tularensi ... | 2016 | 27513341 |
| antibiotic utilization patterns in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a canadian context. | this retrospective cohort study describes the patterns of antibiotic use for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in the calgary zone of alberta health services. timing, appropriateness, and duration of antibiotics were evaluated in two hundred consecutive cases of vap derived from 4 adult intensive care units (icu). antibiotic therapy was initiated in less than 24 hours from vap diagnosis in 83% of cases. although most patients (89%) received empiric therapy that demonstrated ... | 2016 | 27525016 |
| toxic accumulation of lps pathway intermediates underlies the requirement of lpxh for growth of acinetobacter baumannii atcc 19606. | the lipid a moiety of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is the main constituent of the outer leaflet of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (om) and is essential in many gram-negative pathogens. an exception is acinetobacter baumannii atcc 19606, where mutants lacking enzymes occurring early in lipid a biosynthesis (lpxa, lpxc or lpxd), and correspondingly lacking lps, can grow. in contrast, we show here that lpxh, an enzyme that occurs downstream of lpxd in the lipid a biosynthetic pathway, is es ... | 2016 | 27526195 |
| mechanisms of outer membrane vesicle entry into host cells. | bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) are nano-sized compartments consisting of a lipid bilayer that encapsulates periplasm-derived, luminal content. omvs, which pinch off of gram-negative bacteria, are now recognized as a generalized secretion pathway which provides a means to transfer cargo to other bacterial cells as well as eukaryotic cells. compared with other secretion systems, omvs can transfer a chemically extremely diverse range of cargo, including small molecules, nucleic acids, pro ... | 2016 | 27529760 |
| [prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis in the nasopharyngeal specimen from 1 082 hospitalized children with respiratory infection and the drug resistance of the isolates]. | to investigate the prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis in the nasopharyngeal region of children with respiratory infection and the sensitivity of moraxella catarrhalis isolates to common antimicrobial drugs. | 2016 | 27530786 |
| how old are bacterial pathogens? | only few molecular studies have addressed the age of bacterial pathogens that infected humans before the beginnings of medical bacteriology, but these have provided dramatic insights. the global genetic diversity of helicobacter pylori, which infects human stomachs, parallels that of its human host. the time to the most recent common ancestor (tmrca) of these bacteria approximates that of anatomically modern humans, i.e. at least 100 000 years, after calibrating the evolutionary divergence withi ... | 2016 | 27534956 |
| bacterial findings in optimised sampling and characterisation of s. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. | the bacterial spectrum in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is clinically relevant. this study aimed to compare two sampling techniques and to characterise staphylococcus aureus isolated from crs patients. bacterial specimens were collected from the nares and maxillary sinus in 42 crs patients and from the nares in 57 healthy controls. maxillary sinus sampling was performed in two ways in each patient: with a cotton-tipped aluminium swab through the enlarged sinus ostium, and with a protected brush. ... | 2016 | 27538736 |
| bacterial findings in optimised sampling and characterisation of s. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. | the bacterial spectrum in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is clinically relevant. this study aimed to compare two sampling techniques and to characterise staphylococcus aureus isolated from crs patients. bacterial specimens were collected from the nares and maxillary sinus in 42 crs patients and from the nares in 57 healthy controls. maxillary sinus sampling was performed in two ways in each patient: with a cotton-tipped aluminium swab through the enlarged sinus ostium, and with a protected brush. ... | 2016 | 27538736 |