Publications

d genome doners for aegilops cylindrica (ccdd) and triticum aestivum (aabbdd) deduced from esterase isozyme analysis.	putative d genome donors for aegilops cylindrica (2n = 28, ccdd) and triticum aestivum (2n = 42, aabbdd) were studied with the isoelectric focusing patterns of esterase isozymes. 103 strains of ae. cylindrica were uniform in their isozyme pattern. 30 strains of the putative parent, ae. caudata, showed no zymogram variation, whereas the other parent, ae. squarrosa, comprised 3 phenotypes. natural ae. cylindrica had an isozyme pattern which corresponded to a mixture of esterases from ae. caudata a ...	1981	24276583
the role of 'norin 10' dwarfing genes in photosynthetic and respiratory activity of wheat leaves.	a comparative analysis of eight cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum) classified by height as tall (t), semi-dwarf (d1), dwarf (d2) and very dwarf (d3) was conducted to study their efficiency of oxygen exchange during photosynthesis and dark respiration. two cultivars were included in each height group.cultivars carrying 'norin 10' dwarfing genes (d1, d2 and d3) were found to have a significantly higher photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area than talls (t) that lack these genes. among th ...	1981	24276628
an analysis of genes for resistance against two indian cultures of stem rust races of two bread wheats.	two bread wheat accessions, e5008 and e6160, have been genetically analysed for resistance genes effective against indian cultures of stem rust races, 15c and 122. the inheritance of resistance to each race has been determined from the f1 and f2 of the crosses (resistant parents with the susceptible variety, 'agra local') and f2 progenies from the backcross to 'agra local'. tests have been performed to see if the two varieties carry common genes/s for resistance. the identity of the genes for re ...	1981	24276687
structural and genetical studies on the high-molecular-weight subunits of wheat glutenin : part 1: allelic variation in subunits amongst varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum).	the high-molecular-weight (hmw) subunits of glutenin from about 185 varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). about 20 different, major subunits were distinguished by this technique although each variety contained, with only a few exceptions, between 3 and 5 subunits. further inter-varietal substitution lines to those already described (payne et al. 1980) were analysed and the results indicate that all the hmw subunits are controlled by ...	1981	24276740
a physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1a.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has a large and highly repetitive genome which poses major technical challenges for its study. to aid map-based cloning and future genome sequencing projects, we constructed a bac-based physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1a (1as). from the assembly of 25,918 high information content (hicf) fingerprints from a 1as-specific bac library, 715 physical contigs were produced that cover almost 99% of the estimated size of the chromosome arm. the 3,414 bac ...	2013	24278269
sina and sinb genes in triticale do not determine grain hardness contrary to their orthologs pina and pinb in wheat.	secaloindoline a (sina) and secaloindoline b (sinb) genes of hexaploid triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) are orthologs of puroindoline a (pina) and puroindoline b (pinb) in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it has already been proven that rna interference (rnai)-based silencing of pina and pinb genes significantly decreased the puroindoline a and puroindoline b proteins in wheat and essentially increased grain hardness (j exp bot 62:4025-4036, 2011). the function of sina and sinb in tri ...	2013	24279512
functional analyses of an e3 ligase gene aip2 from wheat in arabidopsis revealed its roles in seed germination and pre-harvest sprouting.	pre-harvest sprouting (phs) seriously affects wheat yield and quality of the grain. abi3 is a key factor in the activation of seed development and repression of germination in arabidopsis. an abi3-interacting protein (aip2) could polyubiquitinate abi3, impair seed dormancy and promote seed germination in arabidopsis. in this study, two wheat aip2 genes, taaip2a and taaip2b, were isolated. subcellular localization assay and yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that taaip2a and taaip2b may function ...	2014	24279988
dispersal pattern and dispersion of adult and nymph stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in wheat and corn.	euschistus servus (say) can develop a generation on wheat, triticum aestivum l., before moving to corn, zea mays l., where it can be a pest. because effective management methods are unknown, this study sought to describe the spatial distribution and dispersal of e. servus in the wheat and corn interface. in addition, oebalus pugnax (f.) densities were documented in both crops. wheat fields adjacent to the corn were sampled before harvest and stink bugs were marked using a product containing egg ...	2013	24280558
head-group acylation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol is a common stress response, and the acyl-galactose acyl composition varies with the plant species and applied stress.	formation of galactose-acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols has been shown to be induced by leaf homogenization, mechanical wounding, avirulent bacterial infection and thawing after snap-freezing. here, lipidomic analysis using mass spectrometry showed that galactose-acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, formed in wheat (triticum aestivum) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum) leaves upon wounding, have acyl-galactose profiles that differ from those of wounded arabidopsis thaliana, indicating th ...	2013	24286212
transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with avenin-like b gene improves flour mixing properties.	avenin-like b proteins may contribute to the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough via inter-chain disulphide bonds, due to their rich cysteine residues. in order to clarify the effect of the avenin-like b proteins on the functional properties of wheat flour, the functional and biochemical properties of wheat flour were analyzed in three transgenic wheat lines overexpressing the avenin-like b gene using the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (sdss) test, mixograph and size exclusion-high perf ...	2013	24288453
effect of blends of dehydrated green pea flour and amaranth seed flour on the rheological, microstructure and pasta making quality.	effect of dehydrated green pea flour (dgpf) and additives like glycerol mono stearate (gms), sodium stearoyl lactylate (ssl) and dry gluten on the rheological characteristics and pasta making quality made from indian triticum aestivum was studied. 5-10% of amaranth seed flour was used in the formulation to enhance the protein and fiber contents of the product. increase in dgpf from 0 to 30% decreased the maximum consistency values from 550 to 513 fu, whereas the mixing tolerance index values dec ...	2012	24293690
quality characteristics of bread produced from wheat, rice and maize flours.	rice (oryza sativa) flour and maize (zea mays) meal substitution in wheat (triticum aestivum) flour, from 0 to 100% each, for the production of bread was investigated. the proximate analysis, pasting properties, bread making qualities of raw materials and sensory evaluation of the bread samples were determined. the pasting temperature increased with increased percentage of rice flour and maize meal. but the other pasting characters decreased with the higher proportion of rice flour. the baking a ...	2012	24293700
protection of growth in response to 28-homobrassinolide under the stress of cadmium and salinity in wheat.	this study examines the impact of 28-homobrassinolide (hbl) in alleviating the effects of cadmium (cd) and salinity (nacl) on wheat plants solely and against the synergy. the surface sterilized seeds of triticum aestivum cv. pbw-373 were sown in the soil amended either with salinity or cadmium or both. the foliage in was sprayed at 20d after sowing (das) both in stressed and non-stressed plants. the spray of hbl at 20 das increased almost all the parameters while decreased the h2o2 content and l ...	2014	24296402
population divergence in the wheat leaf rust fungus puccinia triticina is correlated with wheat evolution.	co-evolution of fungal pathogens with their host species during the domestication of modern crop varieties has likely affected the current genetic divergence of pathogen populations. the objective of this study was to determine if the evolutionary history of the obligate rust pathogen on wheat, puccinia triticina, is correlated with adaptation to hosts with different ploidy levels. sequence data from 15 loci with different levels of polymorphism were generated. phylogenetic analyses (parsimony, ...	2014	24301080
f1 hybrid versus 32 selected f7 lines performance of common winter wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare).	one f1 common wheat hybrid ('zlatna dolina' x 'primépi') which had exhibited significant heterosis in a previous study was compared with 32 f7 lines selected from the same cross. the yield test was planted in the 1976-1977 season at two locations: zagreb, yugoslavia (optimal environment) and hutchinson, kansas, usa (stress environment). the purpose of this experiment was to determine if a homozygous segregant superior to the f1 hybrid could be obtained from the same cross combination.heading dat ...	1980	24301286
the interactive effects of elevated co2 and o 3 concentration on photosynthesis in spring wheat.	this study investigated the interacting effects of carbon dioxide and ozone on photosynthetic physiology in the flag leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. wembley), at three stages of development. plants were exposed throughout their development to reciprocal combinations of two carbon dioxide and two ozone treatments: [co2] at 350 or 700 μmol mol(-1), [o3] at < 5 or 60 nmol mol(-1). gas exchange analysis, coupled spectrophotometric assay for rubisco activity, and sds-page, were used ...	1995	24301477
genotypic effects of the maternal tissues of wheat on its grain weight.	reciprocal crosses were made between semi dwarf spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) differing in grain weight. the weights of the f1 grains (on maternal spikes), from intact as well as from defoliated plants, and those of the f2 grains (on f1 spikes), were examined. grain weight was controlled primarily by the genotype of the maternal tissues (pericarp, testa or other floret or spikelet organs, including the vascular system), with complete dominance of heaviness. no indications suggest ...	1980	24301501
integration of photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism in higher plants.	concomitant assimilation of c and n in illuminated leaves requires the regulated partitioning of reductant and photosynthate to sustain the demands of amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis. the short-term responses of photosynthesis and photosynthate partitioning to n enrichment in wheat (triticum aestivum, l.) and maize (zea mays l.) leaves were studied in order to understand the regulatory strategy employed in higher plants. transgenic tobacco plants (tobacco plumbaginifolia) over-expressin ...	1995	24301574
the manipulation of polar head group composition of phospholipids in the wheat miranovskaja 808 affects frost tolerance.	caryopses of the frost-resistant cultivar of the wheat triticum aestivum l., miranovskaja 808, were germinated and grown in the presence of various concentrations of choline chloride. changes in the composition of leaf total phospholipids and leaf total fatty acids at two extreme temperatures (25°c and 2°c) as well as changes in frost resistance were followed. a choline chloride concentration-dependent accumulation of phosphatidyl choline was observed in the leaves. seedlings grown at 2°c accumu ...	1981	24301717
nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : iii. enzymology and transport of amino acids from senescing flag leaves.	the technique of edta-enhanced phloem exudation (king and zeevaart, 1974: plant physiol. 53, 96-103) was evaluated with respect to the collection and identification of amino acids exported from senescing wheat leaves. whilst the characteristics of the exudate collected conform with many of the accepted properties of phloem exudate, unexpectedly high molar proportions of phenylalanine and tyrosine were observed. by comparing exudation into a range chelator solutions with exudation into water, the ...	1981	24302110
allelopathic effect of parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus l.) extract and residue on some agronomic crops and weeds.	allelopathic effects of entire shoot extract, plant part extracts, and shoot residue of parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus l.) on corn (zea mays l.), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medik.), and soybean [glycine max (l) merr.] growth were examined. parthenium shoot contained water-soluble materials that were toxic to root growth of velvetleaf and wheat. at 4% (w/ v) concentration, root growth of velvetleaf and wheat were reduce ...	1987	24302341
role of atp in nitrite reduction in roots of wheat and pea.	excised wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and field pea (pisum arvense l.) roots, incubated under anaerobic conditions or in the presence of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation [2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp), carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, pentachlorophenol] accumulated nitrite as a result of an inhibition of nitrite reduction. in isolated root plastids, nitrite reduction was dependent on a supply of glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) and did not require atp. the estimated km value for glucose 6-phosp ...	1981	24302420
metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : i. general results.	the metabolism of [2-(14)c]- and [ring-u-(14)c]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) has been studied in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.). 2,4-d was extensively metabolized by both cultures, the rates of metabolism and the metabolite patterns remaining constant over at least 60 (soybean) and 25 (wheat) growth cycles. amino acid conjugates were the predominant metabolite fraction in soybean cells whereas β-d-glucoside conjugates predominated i ...	1981	24302423
metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : ii. evidence for incorporation into lignin.	cell suspension cultures of soybean (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) incorporated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) into a metabolite fraction which was insoluble in ethanol, water, and hot sodium dodecylsulphate. further treatment with hot dimethylformamide solubilized a material which by the following criteria appeared to consist of 2,4-d derivatives covalently bound to lignin: i) co-chromatography of radioactivity and of uv-absorbing material upon gel permeation chromato ...	1981	24302424
new cytoplasmic male sterility sources in common wheat: their genetical and breeding considerations.	nuclei from triticum aestivum l. cultivars 'penjamo 62' and 'siete cerros 66' were introduced into the cytoplasms of different species of aegilops and some subspecies (varieties) of t. dicoccoides by backcrossing. the sterile alloplasmic lines obtained were compared with the normal cultivars used as the recurrent pollen parents. according to the cytoplasmic effect, these cytoplasms were subdivided into three main groups. the first group possesses c(u) type cytoplasm, the second one possesses m t ...	1980	24305794
the effect of b-chromosomes of rye on the chromosome association in f1 hybrids triticum aestivum x secale cereale in the absence of chromosomes 5b or 5d.	t. aestivum var. 'chinese spring' (monosomic 5b and 5d, respectively) was crossed with s. cereale (with and without b-chromosomes). the resulting nullisomic 5b hybrids exhibited a high degree of chromosome association both at 20°c and 10°c. the presence of b-chromosomes reduced association slightly whether 5b was present or not.in nullisomic 5d hybrids b-chromosomes of rye raise chromosome association at 20°c when compared to hybrids with 5d, with as well as without, b's. at 10°c, due to the abs ...	1980	24305853
production of trigeneric (barley × wheat) × rye hybrids.	rye (secale cereale cv. prolific 2n=14 and 2n =14 + 2b was crossed onto hybrids between barley (hordeum vulgare 2n = 14) and wheat (triticum aestivum 2n= 42). pollinated florets were injected with ga3 to promote fertilization and hybrid embryo development. at 16 days after pollination the watery caryopses were removed, embryos dissected and cultured on a modified b5 medium. approximately 20% of the cultured embryos produced both roots and coleoptile and developed into viable seedlings. viable se ...	1980	24305857
nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : ii. chloroplast senescence and the degradation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.	the flag leaf of wheat was examined for changes in quantity and activity of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase; ec 4.1.1.39), in the proteolytic degradation of rubpcase and other native proteins, and in the ultrastructure of the leaf cells during grain development. proteolytic degradation of rubpcase at ph 4.8 increased until 8-10 d after anthesis, then declined, and increased again 16-18 d after anthesis. the second peak coincided with the onset of a preferential loss of immunologicall ...	1980	24306293
high-resolution analysis of a qtl for resistance to stagonospora nodorum glume blotch in wheat reveals presence of two distinct resistance loci in the target interval.	stagonospora nodorum glume blotch (sng), caused by the necrotrophic fungus stagonospora nodorum, is one of the economically important diseases of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). resistance to sng is known to be quantitative and previous studies of a recombinant inbred line (ril) population identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for resistance to sng on the short arm of chromosome 3b. to localize this qtl (qsng.sfr-3bs) with high resolution, we constructed a genetic map for the qtl ...	2014	24306318
genetic analysis and molecular mapping of crown rust resistance in common wheat.	this is the first report on genetic analysis and genome mapping of major dominant genes for near non-host resistance to barley crown rust ( puccinia coronata var. hordei ) in common wheat. barley crown rust, caused by puccinia coronata var. hordei, primarily occurs on barley (hordeum vulgare l.) in the great plain regions of the united states. however, a few genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were susceptible to this pathogen among 750 wheat accessions evaluated. to investigate the ...	2014	24306320
the chromosomal location of peroxidase isozymes of the wheat kernel.	the analysis of the individual parts of the triticum aestivum l. kernel yields a total of 11 peroxidase isozymes: m, n, a, c, d1, d, d2, e, f, g and h (in order from faster to slower migration). isozymes a, c and d are found in the endosperm (ed) and seed coats (c), while m, n, d1, d2, e, f, g and h are peculiar to the embryo and scutellum (e + s). the use of the nullitetrasomic and ditellosomic series of 'chinese spring' wheat allows peroxidase isozymes to be associated with specific chromosome ...	1979	24306487
combining ability analysis over f1-f 5 generations in diallel crosses of bread wheat.	combining ability studies for grain yield and its primary component traits in diallel crosses involving seven diverse wheat cultivars of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) over generations f1-f5 are reported. the general and specific combining ability variances were significant in all generations for all the traits except specific combining ability variance for number of spikes per plant in the f5. the ratio of general to specific combining ability variances was significant for all the traits ex ...	1979	24306488
peroxidase activities in relation to plant height and grain weight in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the relationship of peroxidase activity with plant height and grain weight has been studied in seven different varieties of bread wheat belonging to diverse genotypes, and their f1 crosses. the association between plant height and peroxidase activity was highly significant and negative. based on the similarity index values of peroxidase isoenzymes, the seven wheat genotypes could be classified into two groups: the first group consisting of triple and quadruple dwarf varieties and the other of ta ...	1979	24306490
sequence analysis of vicia faba highly repeated dna: the bamhi repeated sequence families.	cleavage of vicia faba nuclear dna with the restriction endonuclease bamhi yielded discrete size classes of 250, 850, 900, 990, 1 150, 1 500 and 1 750 bp of highly repetitive dna. each of these sequence families comprised about 3% of the total genomic dna. some sequence members from each sequence family were cloned in pbr322 and their primary structures determined. computer analyses of nucleotide sequences suggested the existence of about 60 bp sequence periodicity within the repeating unit of t ...	1985	24306539
an in vivo analysis of photosynthesis during short-term o3 exposure in three contrasting species.	the depressions of photosynthetic co2 uptake following o3 exposures of 200 and 400 nmol mol(-1) for between 4 and 16 h were compared between pisum sativum, quercus robur and triticum aestivum, and the potential causes of change identified in vivo. photosynthetic change was examined by analysis of co2, o2, o3 and water vapour exchanges together with chlorophyll fluorescence in controlled environments. under identical fumigation conditions, each species showed very similar rates of o3 consumption. ...	1995	24306634
molecular characterisation and evolution of hmw glutenin subunit genes in brachypodium distachyon l.	brachypodium distachyon, a small wild grass within the pooideae family, is a new model organism for exploring the functional genomics of cereal crops. it was shown to have close relationships to wheat, barley and rice. here, we describe the molecular characterisation and evolutionary relationships of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) genes from b. distachyon. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), high performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce) an ...	2014	24306693
the evaluation of horizontal resistance of winter wheats by the 'center pivot' method.	twenty bread wheat varieties were sown in forty meter long plots and infected with a mixture of three races of stem rust (14, 34, 311) in the center-pivot design. the epidemic's development and its effect on yield (factors) were studied in an experiment.with the center-pivot method we modelled the natural processes without chemicals. the epidemic's development and the processes connected with it can be studied quantitatively as well as by subjective evaluation.some of the studied genotypes were ...	1979	24306715
genes in diploid triticinae compensating for the low temperature regulating gene ltp in chromosome 5d of triticum aestivum.	hybrids of triticum aestivum (monosomic 5d or ditelosomic 5dl) x t. speltoides (= ae. speltoides) showed that the genotype of t. speltoides carries gene(s) which can partially compensate for the expected decrease in chromosome association at low temperatures (10°c) in the absence of chromosome 5d. in hybrids of t. aestivum (normal, ditelosomic 3dl or ditelosomic 3dl-monosomic 5d) x t. longissimum (= ae. sharonensis), this compensation was not observed.in normal f1 hybrids of t. durum x t. longis ...	1979	24306716
comparison of soil and foliar zinc application for enhancing grain zinc content of wheat when grown on potentially zinc-deficient calcareous soils.	the concentration of zn and phytic acid in wheat grain has important implications for human health. we conducted field and greenhouse experiments to compare the efficacy of soil and foliar zn fertilisation in improving grain zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain grown on potentially zn-deficient calcareous soil.	2014	24307341
early competition shapes maize whole-plant development in mixed stands.	mixed cropping is practised widely in developing countries and is gaining increasing interest for sustainable agriculture in developed countries. plants in intercrops grow differently from plants in single crops, due to interspecific plant interactions, but adaptive plant morphological responses to competition in mixed stands have not been studied in detail. here the maize (zea mays) response to mixed cultivation with wheat (triticum aestivum) is described. evidence is provided that early respon ...	2014	24307719
multiple heat priming enhances thermo-tolerance to a later high temperature stress via improving subcellular antioxidant activities in wheat seedlings.	seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were firstly twice heat-primed at 32/24 °c, and subsequently subjected to a more severe high temperature stress at 35/27 °c. the later high temperature stress significantly decreased plant biomass and leaf total soluble sugars concentration. however, plants experienced priming (ph) up-regulated the rubisco activase b encoding gene rcab, which was in accordance with the higher photosynthesis rate in relation to the non-primed plants (nh) under the ...	2014	24308988
cuticular wax of wheat : the effects of chromosomal deficiencies on the biosynthesis of wax components.	n-alkanes, esters, aldehydes, free alcohols, β-diketones and hydroxy-β-diketones were found to be the lipid components of the cuticular waxes of common wheat chinese spring (triticum aestivum l.). the ditelosomic lines 7a-l and 7d-s showed a dramatic decrease in the amount of β-diketones and hydroxy β-diketones which are reduced to traces. the homologue composition within each class of compounds has also been determined for all three of the lines of wheat. the effects of chromosomal deficiencies ...	1980	24310134
nitrogen redistribution during grain growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : i. peptide hydrolase activity and protein breakdown in the flag leaf, glumes and stem.	the activity of a range of endo- and exopeptidase enzymes have been measured in the glumes, flag leaf and stem during the period of grain development in wheat. the enzymes show a sequential pattern of appearance with activity peaks occurring at a number of intervals from anthesis until just prior to the cessation of grain growth. of the enzymes studied only the haemoglobin- and casein-degrading activity and alanylglycine-dipeptidase activity increased during the period of rapid protein loss, whi ...	1980	24310182
basic studies on hybrid wheat breeding : viii. a new male sterility-fertility restoration system in common wheat utilizing the cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi and ae. variabilis.	the nuclei of 12 common wheats (genome constitution aabbdd) were placed into the cytoplasms of aegilops kotschyi and ae. variabilis (both c(u)c(u)s(v)s(v)) by repeated backcrosses. using these nucleus-cytoplasm hybrids, male sterility-fertility restoration relationship was investigated. male sterility was expressed by these cytoplasms only in slm, splt and mch. the other nine common wheat nuclei gave normal fertility against these cytoplasms. these cytoplasms were compared with the triticum timo ...	1979	24310337
study on induced mutants resembling commercial varieties in bread wheat.	the occurrence of variants with phenotypic resemblance to the existing cultivated varieties of wheat, such as 'sonalika', 'arjun' and 'kalyansona', evolved by hybridisation, has been found in various generations of the mutagen-treated populations of the variety 'zaafrane'. the repetition and involvement of common genes in certain genotypes in the evolutionary history of these varieties is attributed to the induction of such intervarietal mutants.it is shown that selective reconstruction of a par ...	1978	24311344
effectiveness of selection under different mating systems for the improvement of protein content in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.).	the effectiveness of selection for the improvement of protein content under random intermating (recurrent selection) and selfing series (pedigree selection) was evaluated in a cross of winter and spring wheats, 'atlas 66' × 'hd 1977'. selection of 10 per cent high protein families resulted in an increase of 3.25 per cent and 4.30 per cent of the mean of checks through pedigree and recurrent selection, respectively. the mean protein differences in both methods were not significant. the increase i ...	1978	24311345
molecular characterization of vernalization and response genes in bread wheat from the yellow and huai valley of china.	flowering time greatly influences the adaptation of wheat cultivars to diverse environmental conditions and is mainly controlled by vernalization and photoperiod genes. in wheat cultivars from the yellow and huai valleys, which represent 60%-70% of the total wheat production in china, the large-scale genotyping of wheat germplasms has not yet been performed in terms of vernalization and photoperiod response alleles, limiting the use of chinese wheat germplasms to a certain extent.	2013	24314021
inheritance of five quantitative characters of bread wheat.	heritability estimates of five characters of the wheat plant were studied in five crosses involving six cultivars of bread wheat. parents, f1, f2 and backcrosses to both parents were used in the estimation of the genetic parameters.heritability was low for number of fertile spikes/plant, moderate for number of spikelets/spike, number of kernels/spike, 1000-kernel weight and moderately high for number of kernels/spike. evidence for mainly nonadditive gene effects were observed in the expression o ...	1978	24317412
stability analysis over various filial generations in bread wheat.	stability analysis on 7 parent varieties and all their possible crosses (excluding reciprocals) in generations f1 to f5 are reported. the regression coefficient (b) of the parents ranged from 0.66 ('sonalika') to 1.34 ('kalyansona'). on the average the 'b' value was lower in f3 (.87) and f2 (.88) followed by f1 (1.04), f4 (1.06) and f5 (1.16). phenotypic stability appeared to be associated with genetic constitution of the parents as well as level of heterozygosity and heterogeneity of the popula ...	1977	24317537
a survey for isoenzymes of glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in c3-, c 4-and crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants, and green algae.	two isoenzymes each of glucosephosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (ec 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.43) were separated by (nh4)2so4 gradient solubilization and deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography from green leaves of the c3-plants spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.), of the crassulacean-acid-metabolism plants crassula lycopodioides lam., b ...	1979	24317570
assessment of genomic and species relationships in triticum and aegilops by page and by differential staining of seed albumins and globulins.	endosperm protein components from common bread wheats (triticum aestivum l.) and related species were extracted with aluminum lactate, ph 3.2, and examined by electrophoresis in the same buffer. electrophoretic patterns of the albumins and globulins were compared to evaluate the possibility that a particular species might have contributed its genome to tetraploid or hexaploid wheat. together with protein component mobilities, differential band staining with coomassie brilliant blue r250 was empl ...	1978	24317663
effectiveness of ph gene in inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing in agrotricum.	we observed pairing, when the ph gene was present, between wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) chromosome 4b, and an agropyron intermedium (host) beauv. chromosome (ai) carrying a gene resistant to wheat streak mosaic (wsm). in a monosomic addition polyhaploid [2n = 22 = 19' + 5b' (ph) + 4b' + ai'], we recorded an average of 4.1 bivalents and 0.3 trivalents per cell. induced homoeologous pairing was most effective when both 5b chromosomes carrying ph gene were present. our data suggest that ...	1977	24317691
linear differentiation of cereal chromosomes : i. common wheat and its supposed ancestors.	using the giemsa technique of differential staining (the bsg test), we have studies the karyotypes and constructed the idiograms of t. aestivum l. var. 'diamant' and 'chinese spring', t. monococcum l. v. 'hornemannii' ssp. roles occidentali georgicum dek., aegilops squarrosa l. v. 'meeyeri', t. aestivum. the karyotypes of 'chinese spring' and 'diamant' differ drastically both in total structural heterochromatin content and its localization on the nine morphologically homeologous chromosomes. the ...	1978	24317744
linear differentation of cereal chromosomes : iii. rye, triticale and 'aurora' variety.	the bsg test was used in an investigation of the linear differentiation in rye variety 'zhitkinskaya', common wheat variety 'aurora' and two secondary triticale namely ad-196 and f-1239.chromosomes of 'aurora' variety and wheat chromosomes within triticale may be easily divided into "constant" and 'variable' chromosomes as described previously (lordansky et al. 1977; zurabishvili et al 1977).it is necessary to emphasize that the diversity of "variable" chromosomes underlies karyotypical polymorp ...	1978	24317902
fractionation and characterization of histones from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves : existence of multiple h2a and h2b variants.	histones were extracted from purified nuclei isolated from four cereals,viz. barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat(triticum aestivum), aegilops squarrosa and corn (zea mais), and from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). analysis of the histones on sds gels showed complex electrophoretic patterns with one species of both h3 and h4, one to three species of h1 and two to five species of h2. judged from the electrophoretic patterns, the histones from barley, wheat and aegilops are identical but different from th ...	1983	24318303
seed germination, root elongation, root-tip mitosis, and micronucleus induction of five crop plants exposed to chromium in fluvo-aquic soil.	the present study aimed to determine the toxic effects of chromium (cr) on cabbage (brassica oleracea), cucumber (cucumis sativus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), wheat (triticum aestivum), and corn (zea mays), and identify the sensitive plant species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of cr in soil. results showed that seed germination might not be a sensitive assay for assessing cr toxicity because at most of the cr levels there were no toxic effects. root elong ...	2014	24318542
effects of polyploidy on photosynthesis.	in polyploid plants the photosynthetic rate per cell is correlated with the amount of dna per cell. the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area is the product of the rate per cell times the number of photosynthetic cells per unit area. therefore, the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area will increase if there is a less than proportional increase in cell volume at higher ploidal levels, or if cell packing is altered to allow more cells per unit leaf area. in autopolyploids (medicago sativa, c3 s ...	1993	24318680
characterization of drought resistance in a wild relative of wheat, triticum kotschyi.	wild relatives of wheat have served as a genetic source for economically useful traits. a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such traits may be useful in the genetic transfer and selection processes. research was undertaken to compare the effects of controlled water stress on photosynthetic parameters in triticum kotschyi, a drought resistant wild wheat and triticum aestivum cv. lakhish, a drought sensitive wheat cultivar. during stress development, the leaf water potential decrea ...	1993	24318681
the α-gliadin genes from brachypodium distachyon l. provide evidence for a significant gap in the current genome assembly.	brachypodium distachyon, is a new model plant for most cereal crops while gliadin is a class of wheat storage proteins related with wheat quality attributes. in the published b. distachyon genome sequence databases, no gliadin gene is found. in the current study, a number of gliadin genes in b. distachyon were isolated, which is contradictory to the results of genome sequencing projects. in our study, the b. distachyon seeds were found to have no gliadin protein expression by gel electrophoresis ...	2014	24318766
management of herbicide resistance in wheat cropping systems: learning from the australian experience.	herbicide resistance continues to escalate in weed populations infesting global wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crops, threatening grain production and thereby food supply. conservation wheat production systems are reliant on the use of efficient herbicides providing low-cost, selective weed control in intensive cropping systems. the resistance-driven loss of herbicide resources combined with limited potential for new herbicide molecules means greater emphasis must be placed on preserving existing ...	2014	24318955
structural-functional dissection and characterization of yield-contributing traits originating from a group 7 chromosome of the wheatgrass species thinopyrum ponticum after transfer into durum wheat.	for the first time, using chromosome engineering of durum wheat, the underlying genetic determinants of a yield-improving segment from thinopyrum ponticum (7agl) were dissected. three durum wheat-th. ponticum near-isogenic recombinant lines (nirls), with distal portions of their 7al arm (fractional lengths 0.77, 0.72, and 0.60) replaced by alien chromatin, were field-tested for two seasons under rainfed conditions. yield traits and other agronomic characteristics of the main shoot and whole plan ...	2014	24319256
cytoplasmic genome substitution in wheat affects the nuclear-cytoplasmic cross-talk leading to transcript and metabolite alterations.	alloplasmic lines provide a unique tool to study nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. three alloplasmic lines, with nuclear genomes from triticum aestivum and harboring cytoplasm from aegilops uniaristata, aegilops tauschii and hordeum chilense, were investigated by transcript and metabolite profiling to identify the effects of cytoplasmic substitution on nuclear-cytoplasmic signaling mechanisms.	2013	24320731
the heat shock factor family from triticum aestivum in response to heat and other major abiotic stresses and their role in regulation of heat shock protein genes.	heat shock factors (hsfs) play a central regulatory role in acquired thermotolerance. to understand the role of the major molecular players in wheat adaptation to heat stress, the hsf family was investigated in triticum aestivum. bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses identified 56 tahsf members, which are classified into a, b, and c classes. many tahsfs were constitutively expressed. subclass a6 members were predominantly expressed in the endosperm under non-stress conditions. upon heat stress ...	2014	24323502
a wheat allene oxide cyclase gene enhances salinity tolerance via jasmonate signaling.	one of the two branches of the α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway is catalyzed by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase i, and the other is involved in jasmonic acid (ja) synthesis. the former is known to be active in the response to salinity tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum), but the participation of the latter in this response has not been established as yet. here, the salinity-responsive bread wheat gene taaoc1, which encodes an allene oxide cyclase involved in the α-linolenic acid metabol ...	2014	24326670
characterization and phylogenetic analysis of allergenic tryp_alpha_amyl protein family in plants.	most known allergenic proteins in rice ( oryza sativa ) seed belong to the tryp_alpha_amyl family (pf00234), but the sequence characterization and the evolution of the allergenic tryp_alpha_amyl family members in plants have not been fully investigated. in this study, two specific motifs were found besides the common alpha-amylase inhibitors (aai) domain from the allergenic tryp_alpha_amyl family members in rice seeds (trrsas). to understand the evolution and functional importance of the tryp_al ...	2014	24328177
conventional digital cameras as a tool for assessing leaf area index and biomass for cereal breeding.	affordable and easy-to-use methods for assessing biomass and leaf area index (lai) would be of interest in most breeding programs. here, we describe the evaluation of a protocol for photographic sampling and image analysis aimed at providing low-labor yet robust indicators of biomass and lai. in this trial, two genotypes of triticale, two of bread wheat, and four of tritordeum were studied. at six dates during the growing cycle, biomass and lai were measured destructively, and digital photograph ...	2014	24330531
identification of quantitative trait locus for abscisic acid responsiveness on chromosome 5a and association with dehydration tolerance in common wheat seedlings.	the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) plays important roles in response to environmental stress as well as in seed maturation and dormancy. in common wheat, quantitative trait loci (qtls) for aba responsiveness at the seedling stage have been reported on chromosomes 1b, 2a, 3a, 6d and 7b. in this study, we identified a novel qtl for aba responsiveness on chromosome 5a using an f2 population derived from a cross between the common wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs) and a chromosome substitution li ...	2014	24331416
ubiquity of insect-derived nitrogen transfer to plants by endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi: an additional branch of the soil nitrogen cycle.	the study of symbiotic nitrogen transfer in soil has largely focused on nitrogen-fixing bacteria. vascular plants can lose a substantial amount of their nitrogen through insect herbivory. previously, we showed that plants were able to reacquire nitrogen from insects through a partnership with the endophytic, insect-pathogenic fungus metarhizium robertsii. that is, the endophytic capability and insect pathogenicity of m. robertsii are coupled so that the fungus acts as a conduit to provide insect ...	2014	24334669
effects of nitrogen nutrition on the synthesis and deposition of the ω-gliadins of wheat.	the ω-gliadin storage proteins of wheat are of interest in relation to their impact on grain processing properties and their role in food allergy, particularly the ω-5 sub-group and wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. the ω-gliadins are also known to be responsive to nitrogen application. this study therefore compares the effects of cultivar and nitrogen availability on the synthesis and deposition of ω-gliadins in wheat grown under field conditions in the uk, including temporal and sp ...	2014	24344140
evaluation of assembly strategies using rna-seq data associated with grain development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide. identifying the complete transcriptome of wheat grain could serve as foundation for further study of wheat seed development. however, the relatively large size and the polyploid complexity of the genome have been substantial barriers to molecular genetics and transcriptome analysis of wheat. alternatively, rna sequencing has provided some useful information about wheat genes. however, because of the large numbe ...	2013	24349528
quantitative and qualitative differences in celiac disease epitopes among durum wheat varieties identified through deep rna-amplicon sequencing.	wheat gluten is important for the industrial quality of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (t. turgidum l.). gluten proteins are also the source of immunogenic peptides that can trigger a t cell reaction in celiac disease (cd) patients, leading to inflammatory responses in the small intestine. various peptides with three major t cell epitopes involved in cd are derived from alpha-gliadin fraction of gluten. alpha-gliadins are encoded by a large multigene family and amino acid var ...	2013	24354426
interaction of photoperiod and vernalization determines flowering time of brachypodium distachyon.	timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. in temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization is an example of temperature influencing the timing of flowering and is defined as the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during the following spring. in cereals, three genes (vernalization1 [vrn1], vrn2, and flowering locus t [ft]) h ...	0	24357601
durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) lines show different abilities to form masked mycotoxins under greenhouse conditions.	deoxynivalenol (don) is the most prevalent trichothecene in europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat. resistance to fhb is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between don content and fhb incidence. don conjugation to glucose (don-3-glucoside, d3g) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards don accumulation. although this mechanism has been alread ...	2013	24368326
characterization and expression analysis of wox5 genes from wheat and its relatives.	the wuschel (wus)-related homeobox (wox) gene family plays an important role in coordinating gene transcription in the early phases of embryogenesis. in this study, we isolated and characterized wox5 from common wheat and its relatives triticum monococcum, triticum urartu, aegilops speltoides, aegilops searsii, aegilops sharonensis, aegilops longissima, aegilops bicornis, aegilops tauschii, and triticum turgidum. the size of the characterized wox5 alleles ranged from 1029 to 1038 bp and encompas ...	2014	24368329
the place of asymmetric somatic hybridization in wheat breeding.	since its first development some 40 years ago, the application of the somatic hybridization technique has generated a body of hybrid plant material involving a wide combination of parental species. until the late 1990s, the technique was ineffective in wheat, as regeneration from protoplasts was proving difficult to achieve. since this time, however, a successful somatic hybridization protocol for wheat has been established and used to generate a substantial number of both symmetric and asymmetr ...	2014	24370665
identification and characterization of a novel copper transporter gene family tact1 in common wheat.	copper is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and copper transporter plays a pivotal role for keeping copper homeostasis. however, little is known about copper transporters in wheat. here, we report a novel copper transporter gene family, tact1, in common wheat. three tact1 homoeologous genes were isolated and assigned to group 5 chromosomes. each of the tact1 genes (tact1-5a, -5b or -5d) possesses 12 transmembrane domains. tact1 genes exhibited higher transcript levels ...	2014	24372025
using changes in agricultural utility to quantify future climate-induced risk to conservation.	much of the biodiversity-related climate change impacts research has focused on the direct effects to species and ecosystems. far less attention has been paid to the potential ecological consequences of human efforts to address the effects of climate change, which may equal or exceed the direct effects of climate change on biodiversity. one of the most significant human responses is likely to be mediated through changes in the agricultural utility of land. as farmers adapt their practices to cha ...	2014	24372589
wheat stripe (yellow) rust caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.	stripe (yellow) rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is a serious disease of wheat occurring in most wheat areas with cool and moist weather conditions during the growing season. the basidiomycete fungus is an obligate biotrophic parasite that is difficult to culture on artificial media. pst is a macrocyclic, heteroecious fungus that requires both primary (wheat or grasses) and alternate (berberis or mahonia spp.) host plants to complete its life cycle. urediniospores have ...	2014	24373199
physiological traits contributed to the recent increase in yield potential of winter wheat from henan province, china.	this experiment aims to test the traits responsible for the increase in yield potential of winter wheat released in henan province, china. seven established cultivars released in the last 20 years and three advanced lines were assayed. the results showed that grain yield was positively correlated with harvest index (hi), kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. in addition, the hi and aboveground biomass showed an increasing trend with the year of release. therefore, we can concl ...	2014	24373600
the effect of elevated temperature on barley yellow dwarf virus-pav in wheat.	barley yellow dwarf virus-pav (bydv-pav) is associated with yellow dwarf disease, one of the most economically important diseases of cereals worldwide. in this study, the impact of current and future predicted temperatures for the wimmera wheat growing district in victoria, australia on the titre of bydv-pav in wheat was investigated. ten-day old wheat (triticum aestivum, cv. yitpi) seedlings were inoculated with bydv-pav and grown at ambient (5.0-16.1°c, night-day) or elevated (10.0-21.1°c, nig ...	2014	24374266
genetic mapping and marker development for resistance of wheat against the root lesion nematode pratylenchus neglectus.	the rlnn1 locus, which resides on chromosome 7a of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) confers moderate resistance against the root lesion nematode pratylenchus neglectus. prior to this research, the exact linkage relationships of rlnn1 with other loci on chromosome 7a were not clear and there were no simple codominant markers available for selection of rlnn1 in wheat breeding. the objectives of the research reported here were to (1) develop an improved genetic map of the rlnn1 region of chromoso ...	2013	24377498
fertile introgression products generated via somatic hybridization between wheat and thinopyrum intermedium.	fertile hybrids were produced with genetic material transferred from th. intermedium into a wheat background and supply a source of genetic variation to wheat improvement. both symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids have been obtained from the combination of wheatgrass (thinopyrum intermedium) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum). two wheat protoplast populations, one derived from embryogenic calli and the other from a non-regenerable, rapidly dividing cell line, were fused with th. intermedium ...	2014	24384822
comparative study of transgenic brachypodium distachyon expressing sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases from wheat and timothy grass with different enzymatic properties.	fructans can act as cryoprotectants and contribute to freezing tolerance in plant species, such as in members of the grass subfamily pooideae that includes triticeae species and forage grasses. to elucidate the relationship of freezing tolerance, carbohydrate composition and degree of polymerization (dp) of fructans, we generated transgenic plants in the model grass species brachypodium distachyon that expressed cdnas for sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferases (6-sfts) with different enzymatic ...	2014	24385092
molecular characterization and expression analysis of triticum aestivum squamosa-promoter binding protein-box genes involved in ear development.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops in the world. squamosa-promoter binding protein (sbp)-box genes play a critical role in regulating flower and fruit development. in this study, 10 novel sbp-box genes (taspl genes) were isolated from wheat ((triticum aestivum l.) cultivar yanzhan 4110). phylogenetic analysis classified the taspl genes into five groups (g1-g5). the motif combinations and expression patterns of the taspl genes varied among the five groups with each ha ...	2014	24386921
tamir1123 originated from a family of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mite) including one inserted in the vrn-a1a promoter in wheat.	more than half of spring wheat cultivars have a dominant vrn-a1a allele that has an insertion of a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) in its promoter. in this study, we found that the mite present in the vrn-a1a gene (mite_vrn) is a nearly perfect palindrome and it can form highly stable hairpin loops when expressed as rna. mite_vrn also possessed sequences of a microrna in triticum aestivum (tamir1123). the p(32) labeled tamir1123 probe detected two rna molecules on a small r ...	2014	24388522
to open or to close: species-specific stomatal responses to simultaneously applied opposing environmental factors.	plant stomatal responses to single environmental factors are well studied; however, responses to a change in two (or more) factors - a common situation in nature - have been less frequently addressed. we studied the stomatal responses to a simultaneous application of opposing environmental factors in six evolutionarily distant mono- and dicotyledonous herbs representing different life strategies (ruderals, competitors and stress-tolerators) to clarify whether the crosstalk between opening- and c ...	2014	24392838
the erf transcription factor taerf3 promotes tolerance to salt and drought stresses in wheat.	salinity and drought are major limiting factors of wheat (triticum aestivum) productivity worldwide. here, we report the function of a wheat erf transcription factor taerf3 in salt and drought responses and the underlying mechanism of taerf3 function. upon treatment with 250 mm nacl or 20% polyethylene glycol (peg), transcript levels of taerf3 were rapidly induced in wheat. using wheat cultivar yangmai 12 as the transformation recipient, four taerf3-overexpressing transgenic lines were generated ...	0	24393105
new wheat microrna using whole-genome sequence.	micrornas are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, taking roles in a variety of fundamental biological processes. hence, their identification, annotation and characterization are of great significance, especially in bread wheat, one of the main food sources for humans. the recent availability of 5× coverage triticum aestivum l. whole-genome sequence provided us with the opportunity to perform a systematic prediction of a complete catalogue of wheat micrornas. using an in silico ho ...	2014	24395439
differential contribution of two ppd-1 homoeoalleles to early-flowering phenotype in nepalese and japanese varieties of common wheat.	wheat landraces carry abundant genetic variation in heading and flowering times. here, we studied flowering-related traits of two nepalese varieties, ku-4770 and ku-180 and a japanese wheat cultivar, shiroganekomugi (sgk). these three wheat varieties showed similar flowering time in a common garden experiment. in total, five significant quantitative trait loci (qtls) for three examined traits, the heading, flowering and maturation times, were detected using an f2 population of sgk/ku-4770. the q ...	2013	24399909
identification of quantitative trait loci controlling grain size and shape in the d genome of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.	synthetic hexaploid wheat is an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from aegilops tauschii to common wheat. wide variation in grain size and shape, one of the main targets for wheat breeding, has been observed among ae. tauschii accessions. to identify the quantitative trait loci (qtls) responsible for grain size and shape variation in the wheat d genome under a hexaploid genetic background, six parameters related to grain size and shape were measured using ...	2013	24399915
bex-db: bioinformatics workbench for comprehensive analysis of barley-expressed genes.	barley (hordeum vulgare) is one of the world's most important cereal crops. although its large and complex genome has held back barley genomics for quite a while, the whole genome sequence was released in 2012 by the international barley genome sequencing consortium (ibsc). moreover, more than 30,000 barley full-length cdnas (flcdnas) are now available in the public domain. here we present the barley gene expression database (bex-db: http://barleyflc.dna.affrc.go.jp/bexdb/index.html) as a reposi ...	2013	24399916
fusarium-damaged kernels and deoxynivalenol in fusarium-infected u.s. winter wheat.	fusarium head blight (fhb) is a devastating disease that threatens wheat (triticum aestivum) production in many areas worldwide. fhb infection results in fusarium-damaged kernels (fdk) and deoxynivalenol (don) that dramatically reduce grain yield and quality. more effective and accurate disease evaluation methods are imperative for successful identification of fhb-resistant sources and selection of resistant cultivars. to determine the relationships among different types of resistance, 363 (74 s ...	2014	24400658
global selection on sucrose synthase haplotypes during a century of wheat breeding.	spike number per unit area, number of grains per spike, and thousand kernel weight (tkw) are important yield components. in china, increases in wheat (triticum aestivum) yields are mainly due to increases in grain number per spike and tkw. tkw mainly depends on starch content, as starch accounts for about 70% of the grain endosperm. sucrose synthase catalysis is the first step in the conversion of sucrose to starch, that is, the conversion of sucrose to fructose and udp-glucose by the wheat sucr ...	2014	24402050
integrating remote sensing and gis for prediction of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) protein contents in linfen (shanxi), china.	in this study, relationships between normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) and plant (winter wheat) nitrogen content (pnc) and between pnc and grain protein content (gpc) were investigated using multi-temporal moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (modis) data at the different stages of winter wheat in linfen (shanxi, p. r. china). the anticipating model for gpc of winter wheat was also established by the approach of ndvi at the different stages of winter wheat. the results showe ...	2014	24404124
preformed and newly synthesized messenger rna in germinating wheat embryos.	in 6 h germinated wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. cama) embryos, more than half of the messenger rnas are actively involved in translation. neither preformed nor newly synthesized poly a(+)-rna is translated preferentially. germination in the presence of cordycepin showed that the half-life of the templates is about 2 h and that the newly synthesized messengers are essential to support protein synthesis in the embryo from the first hours of germination. most of the messenger rnas in 6 h germinat ...	1979	24407396
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isozymes of the triticinae: dissociation and recombination of subunits.	a simple procedure has been developed for the dissociation of active molecules of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got: e.c. 2.6.1.1) into protomers and for the reassociation of the subunits into active enzymes. results of experiments in which the protomers of genetically controlled electrophoretic variants of got of triticum aestivum and of several related species were dissociated and recombined in crude tissue extracts and in partially purified preparations support the hypothesis that the ...	1977	24407498
protein accumulation, rna and soluble amino nitrogen content in developing endosperm of two varieties of triticum aestivum with high and low protein seed.	the kinetics of protein accumulation, the variation in rna, the soluble amino nitrogen content of developing endosperm of two varieties of triticum aestivum, with high and low protein content in the mature seed, suggest a possible relation between maintenance of the rna content and the ability to synthesize protein. a sudden halt in protein accumulation is observed as the rna starts to decrease. the hypothesis is also advanced that maintenance of the rna content might, in turn, be dependent on t ...	1977	24407525
differential gene expression profile in pseudomonas putida nbric19-treated wheat (triticum aestivum) plants subjected to biotic stress of parthenium hysterophorus.	the inoculation of pseudomonas putida nbric19 protected wheat plant from phytotoxic effect of parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium) and enhanced root length, shoot length, dry weight, spike length and chlorophyll content. with the aim to screen for genes differentially expressed in p. putida nbric19-inoculated wheat grown along with parthenium (wpt), the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) methodology was employed. the ssh analysis was performed with wpc (uninoculated wheat grown along w ...	2014	24407601
exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems.	a variety of crops, cultivars, and accessions have been evaluated over the past six years for superior capability to suppress weed growth. the most successful of these approaches has been to grow cover crops of rye (secale cereale), wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), or barley (hordeum vulgare) to a height of 40-50 cm, desiccate the crops by contact herbicides or freezing, and allow their residues to remain on the soil surface. often, up to 95% control of important agroecosyst ...	1983	24407796
inhibition of pitted morning glory (ipomoea lacunosa l.) and certain other weed species by phytotoxic components of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) straw.	this study was conducted to determine if well-known phytotoxic effects of plant residues on crop growth could also be responsible for observed reductions of certain weed species in no-till cropping systems. an aqueous extract of field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) reduced the germination and root length of pitted morning glory (ipomoea lacunosa l.) and common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.). phytotoxicity was increased by about 70% when bioassays with the wheat extract on morning glory ...	1983	24407798