Publications

Congenital stationary night blindness is associated with the leopard complex in the miniature horse.	Objective To determine if congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) exists in the miniature horse in association with leopard complex spotting patterns (LP), and to investigate if CSNB in the miniature horse is associated with three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region of TRPM1 that are highly associated with CSNB and LP in Appaloosas. Animals studied Three groups of miniature horses were studied based on coat patterns suggestive of LP/LP (n = 3), LP/lp (n = 4), and lp/lp ge ...	2011	22051042
ex vivo spontaneous generation of 19-norandrostenedione and nandrolone detected in equine plasma and urine.	19-norandrostenedione (naed) and nandrolone are anabolic-androgenic steroids (aass). nandrolone was regarded solely as a synthetic aas until the 1980s when trace concentrations of apparently endogenous nandrolone were detected in urine samples obtained from intact male horses (stallions). since then, its endogenous origin has been reported in boars and bulls; endogenous naed and nandrolone have been identified in plasma and urine samples collected from stallions. more recently, however, it was s ...	2012	22051080
examination of the anterior uveoscleral pathway in domestic species.	objective to investigate the uveoscleral (us) pathway in the normal eyes of four domestic spp.: the cat, pig, cow and horse by examining the comparative anatomical structure of anterior us pathway. animals studied four cats, ten pigs, four cows, eight horses. procedures formalin-preserved specimens from anterior uveas of the cat, pig, cow and horse were embedded and serially sectioned sagittally and tangentially and stained with h&e, masson's trichrome, smooth muscle actin immunolabel, or ela ...	2011	22051120
evaluation of chondrocyte behavior in a new equine collagen scaffold useful for cartilage repair.	association of biomaterials with autologous cells can provide a new generation of implantable devices for cartilage repair. an ideal scaffold should possess a preformed three-dimensional shape, fix the cells to the damaged area and prevent their migration into the articular cavity. furthermore, the constructs should have sufficient mechanical strength to facilitate handling in a clinical setting and stimulate the uniform spreading of cells and a phenotype re-differentiation process. the aim of t ...	2011	22051171
characterization and differentiation of equine tendon-derived progenitor cells.	mesenchymal stem cells have been recently investigated for their potential use in regenerative medicine. population of adult stem cells were recently identified in human and lab animal tendons, but no detailed investigations have been made in the equine species. the aim of our study is to identify a progenitor cell population from tendon tissue (tspcs) in the horse superficial digital flexor tendon that are able to be highly clonogenic, to grow fast and to differentiate in different induced cell ...	2011	22051173
characterization of the normal dark adaptation curve of the horse.	objective the goal of this work is to study the dark adaptation curve of the normal horse electroretinogram (erg). procedures the electroretinographic responses were recorded from six healthy female ponies using a contact lens electrode and a mini-ganzfeld electroretinographic unit. the horses were sedated intravenously with detomidine, an auriculopalpebral nerve block was then performed, and the pupil was fully dilated. the erg was recorded in response to a low intensity light stimulus (30 mc ...	2011	22051221
characterization of cytokines associated with th17 cells in the eyes of horses with recurrent uveitis.	objective equine recurrent uveitis (eru) is a spontaneous disease that is the most common cause of blindness in horses, affecting up to 15% of the horse population. th17 cells are a major cell population driving the pathogenesis in several mouse models of autoimmune inflammation, including experimental autoimmune uveitis. the purpose of this study is to investigate the role a th17 cell-mediated response plays in the pathogenesis of eru. procedure banked, davidson's-fixed equine globes histopat ...	2011	22051225
A genome-wide association study of osteochondritis dissecans in the Thoroughbred.	Osteochondrosis is a developmental orthopaedic disease that occurs in horses, other livestock species, companion animal species, and humans. The principal aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in the Thoroughbred using a genome-wide association study. A secondary objective was to test the effect of previously identified QTL in the current population. Over 300 horses, classified as cases or controls according to clinical fi ...	2011	22052004
synthesis and biological properties of conjugates between fluoroquinolones and a n3''-functionalized pyochelin.	pyochelin is a siderophore common to pseudomonas aeruginosa and several other pathogenic bacteria. a pyochelin functionalized at the n3'' position with a propyl-amine extension was previously synthesized. in the present work we proved that this analog binds fpta, the pyochelin outer membrane receptor, and transports iron(iii) efficiently into bacteria. this functionalized pyochelin seemed to be a good candidate for antibiotic vectorization in the framework of a trojan horse prodrug strategy. in ...	2011	22052022
[virulence factors in proteus spp. bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections: their detection and importance].	nosocomial infections associated with biofilm formation have been a serious problem in recent years. up to 32 % of them are urinary tract infections in patients with long-dwelling catheters. catheters represent an ideal surface for bacterial adhesion, facilitating easier colonization of the urinary tract. important pathogens causing these infections are bacteria of the genus proteus that colonize catheters not only by biofilm formation but also using other virulence factors. those were developed ...	2011	22052099
time to put the car-t before the horse.		2011	22053170
Effect of Staining and Freezing Media on Sortability of Stallion Spermatozoa and their Post-thaw Viability After Sex-sorting and Cryopreservation.	Sex-sorted, frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa remain out of reach of commercial horse breeders because of the low efficiency of the sex-sorting process and unacceptable fertility rates after insemination. Two experiments were designed to test the effects of alternative staining and freezing media to improve the viability of sex-sorted frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa. Experiment 1 compared two freezing media, INRA 82(®) and a modified lactose-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), for the c ...	2011	22053724
state-of-the-art therapeutic medical countermeasures for viral threat agents.	in recent years, there has been an increase in the perceived threat of biological agents being used against civilian populations. this has prompted an urgent need for the development and procurement of medical countermeasures (mcms) against highly pathogenic viruses that can prevent morbidity and mortality from infections caused by these agents. to date, antiviral drug development has been largely focused on clinically prevalent chronic infections due to their commercial viability. this has left ...	2011	22053938
differentiation of raw meat from phylogenically related species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a method, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), has been developed for differentiating raw meat from closely related species of economic importance. by visual assessment 0·1% donkey in horse, 0·1% goat in sheep and 1% buffalo in beef may be detected. the technique is rapid and simple to perform and could be used in abattoirs and coldstores with results being available within 1 h.	1985	22054500
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to chicken muscle soluble proteins.	three stable hybridoma cell lines (ah4, bc9 and cf2) have been produced which secrete monoclonal antibodies specific for chicken and turkey muscle proteins. partial characterization by elisa and sds-page immunoblotting indicated that the antibodies failed to cross-react with similar extracts of pork, beef, lamb, horse or rabbit. one of the cell lines (ah4) secreted a monoclonal antibody that was also capable of distinguishing between chicken and turkey by indirect elisa.	1989	22054513
improved methodology for the electrophoretic determination of horse meat in heated foodstuffs.	using linear gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate constituent proteins, horse meat could be clearly distinguished from beef even after heating for 20 min at up to 120°c.	1981	22054607
differentiation of meat from horse, donkey and their hybrids (mule/hinny) by electrophoretic separation of albumin.	meat from the species horse, donkey and their hybrids, mule/hinny, can be reliably identified by determination of genetic variants of serum albumin by starch gel electrophoresis of meat extracts. staining of the starch gel for carboxylesterase activity permits differentiation of most horses from donkeys while mules/hinnies cannot be distinguished from horses by their esterase activity alone.	1987	22054691
the detection and partial characterization of horse muscle soluble proteins by imnmnoelectrophoresis in agarose gels.	immunoele ctrophoresis in agarose gels has been used to detect and partially characterize specific protein precipitin hands of horse muscle soluble proteins (hsp), free of cross reactions with the muscle soluble proteins of cow (csp) and pig (psp). of seven precpptin bands obtained by reacting hsp against an anti-hsp antiserum produced by a rabbit, only one was observed to appear by reacting psp against the same anti-hsp antiserum. this band, and two more, were detected when csp were analyzed ag ...	1985	22055088
identification of the species origin of fresh meat using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure.	a modification of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been successfully applied to the detection of horse meat and beef. this technically simple assay requiring species specific antibody, conjugated enzyme anti-igg and a polystyrene protein-binding solid phase, can be adapted for the identification of meat species in circumstances where laboratory facilities are minimal.	1982	22055236
sandwich elisa for detection of horse meat in raw meat mixtures using antisera to muscle soluble proteins.	a double-antibody sandwich elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) has been successfully developed for the detection of defined amounts of horse meat (1-50%) in unheated meat mixtures. the assay uses horse-specific antibodies obtained by immunoadsorption of the crude horse antisera onto immobilised sarcoplasmic extracts from chicken, beef and pig to remove cross-reacting antibodies. the purified antibodies bound to a solid support sequester horse muscle soluble proteins from meat mixtures. fur ...	1988	22055244
sustainable equine parasite control: perspectives and research needs.	clinically important equine parasites are ubiquitous in managed horse populations. the traditional approach to parasite control is frequent administration of anthelmintics to all horses on a farm. however, increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance is forcing horse owners and veterinarians to shift this control paradigm. treatment regimens involving routine deworming of all horses throughout the year are now being replaced by more sustainable approaches, which take in to account the importance ...	2011	22055611
organochlorine pesticide residues in meat of various species.	the quantity of organochlorine pesticides present in pork, rabbit, chicken, turkey and horse meat was determined. levels of residual pesticide were rather higher in the latter three species than in the former two. they were not closely related to fat content.	1980	22055621
nucleolar organizer regions (nors) distribution and behavior in spermatozoa and meiotic cells of the horse (equus caballus).	nucleolar organizing regions (nors) containing rdna gene clusters have been assigned to the equine autosomes eca1, eca28, and eca31. active nors (ag-nors) are associated with argyrophilic proteins, which allow them to be readily identified using silver staining techniques. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) for rdna can also be used to visualize all nor clusters in the nucleus, regardless of whether they are active or inactive. the present study analyzed the distribution and behavior of e ...	2011	22056014
embryo quality and transcervical technique are not the limiting factors in donkey embryo transfer outcome.	embryo transfer (et) in the donkey resulted in a very low recipient pregnancy rates. the aim of these studies was to investigate if nonsurgical transfer techniques or donkey embryo quality affect donkey recipient pregnancy failure. in study 1, the impact of transfer technique was investigated by evaluating if cervical catheterization is associated with prostaglandin release and suppression of luteal function and if donkey recipients would become pregnant after nonsurgical transfer of horse embry ...	2011	22056016
a comparison of the agar gel immuno-diffusion (agid) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (cie) tests for species identification of imported red meat and offal.	from 1 january-31 august, 1984, 585 samples of fresh, uncooked, frozen meat (12) and offal (573) were subjected to the agid and cie comparative serological tests for species identification using commercially produced bovine, ovine, porcine and equine anti-species antisera. species were identified in 286 585 (48·9%) and 581 585 (99·3%) samples by the agid and cie tests, respectively. single species per sample were identified in 246 585 (42·1%) and 481 585 (82·2%) by the agid and cie tests. mo ...	1987	22056169
peroxynitrite detoxification by horse heart carboxymethylated cytochrome c is allosterically modulated by cardiolipin.	carboxymethylation of equine heart cytochrome c (cytc) changes its tertiary structure by disrupting the heme-fe-met80 distal bond, such that carboxymethylated cytc (cm-cytc) displays myoglobin-like properties. here, the effect of cardiolipin (cl) on peroxynitrite isomerization by ferric cm-cytc (cm-cytc-fe(iii)) is reported. unlike native ferric cytc (cytc-fe(iii)), cm-cytc-fe(iii) catalyzes peroxynitrite isomerization, the value of the second order rate constant (k(on)) is 6.8 × 10(4)m(-1)s(-1) ...	2011	22056558
functional characterization of eul47 in productive replication, morphogenesis and infectivity of equine herpesvirus 1.	eul47 is a major component of the tegument of equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1). to determine its function, we used red/et cloning to delete its gene (gene 13) from ehv-1 strain ab4p inserted into a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), yielding ab4pattbδ13. we also examined the reverted virus (ab4pattb13r). ab4pattbδ13 replicated in rabbit kidney (rk)-13 cells, indicating that orf13 is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture. its intracellular and extracellular titers were about 10- and 1 ...	2011	22056848
Phylogenetic relationships of the Hucul horse from Romania inferred from mitochondrial D-loop variation.	The existence of the Hucul horse on Romanian territory has been documented from the very distant past; today Hucul is a unique breed that is part of the FAO Program for the Preservation of Animal Genetic Resources. We compared Hucul with several primitive European and Asiatic breeds in order to elucidate the origin of these horses. We analyzed a 683-bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop fragment in a population of Hucul horses and compared the polymorphic sites with sequences from other pri ...	2011	22057995
effect of saliva from horse fly hybomitra bimaculata on kinetic properties of na,k-atpase: possible role in regulation of relaxation.	the possible involvement of salivary gland extract (sge) from horse flies in modifying hyperpolarization and relaxation via alterations in functional properties of sarcolemmal na,k-atpase in the host tissue was tested in vitro by application of various amounts of sge from hybomitra bimaculata.sge in the amount of 3 µg proteins representing approximately the equivalent of one salivary gland of hybomitra bimaculata induced a stimulatory effect on na,k-atpase at all atp concentrations applied. this ...	2011	22058657
differentiation of meat samples from domestic horses (equus caballus) and asiatic wild asses (equus hemionus) using a species-specific restriction site in the mitochondrial cytochrome b region.	recent studies suggest that asiatic wild asses (equus hemionus) are being increasingly poached in a commercial fashion. part of the meat is believed to reach the meat markets in the capital ulaanbaatar. to test this hypothesis, we collected 500 meat samples between february and may 2006. to differentiate between domestic horse (equus caballus) and wild ass meat, we developed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) assay based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we amplified and seq ...	2006	22059088
Cloning of equine herpesvirus type 1 438/77 strain genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome.	Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of respiratory and reproductive diseases in horses worldwide. The genome of EHV-1 strain 438/77 (isolated from an aborted equine fetus) was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) in E. coli without any gene deletions. The mini-F plasmid sequence was inserted in the middle of ORF19 and 20 via homologous recombination following co-transfection of viral DNA and plasmid pE19_20/HA into RK13 cells. Circular viral DNA was extracted from RK1 ...	2011	22059290
a pilot study on ethanol-polyethylene glycol-formalin fixation of farm animal cadavers.	most embalming of cadavers for anatomical dissection in veterinary medicine has used 6-10% formaldehyde resulting in discoloured and rigid specimens. this project produced teaching specimens of sheep, horse and calf cadavers having their musculoskeletal and visceral structures with a natural appearance using a fixation solution with lowered concentrations of formaldehyde (2% and 3%) together with ethanol and polyethylene glycols. fixation parameters (palpable consistency, flexibility, colour, ti ...	2011	22059293
[influence of exercise on horses' limb volume, measured by an optoelectronic device].	this study tested for the first time an optoelectronic device (perometer*) measuring limb volume of horses. an analysis of its application was performed regarding the influence of different types of physical exercise on the volume of the extremities. 40 horses were divided into four groups often horses, each group being exposed to exercise, differing in kind and duration of lunging, horse-ridden and riderless. the volume measurement was performed by determining the inactive value (i) after a twe ...	2011	22059298
preparation and evaluation of specific polyclonal antibodies to h5n1 subtype of the avian influenza virus in egypt.	influenza a virus continue to cause widespread morbidity and mortality. the unprecedented spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 in egypt is threatening poultry and public health systems. effective diagnosis and control management are needed to control the disease. to this end, polyclonal antibodies (pabs) were developed against the h5n1 avian influenza virus (aiv) and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect the h5 viral antigen. a group of rabbits ...	2009	22059361
polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of sheep and goat meats.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to a qualitative differentiation between sheep, goat and bovine meats. oligonucleotide primers were designed for the amplification of sheep satellite i dna sequence. the pcr amplified 374 bp fragments from sheep and goat dna, but no fragment from bovine, water buffalo, sika deer, pig, horse, rabbit and chicken dna. sheep dna (10 pg) was detected by 4% agarose gel electrophoresis following pcr amplification. althoug cooking of the sample meats reduced t ...	1994	22059540
Validation of a quantitative and confirmatory method for residue analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics in poultry, bovine, equine and swine kidney through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.	The use of aminoglycoside antibiotics in food animals is approved in Brazil. Accordingly, Brazilian food safety legislation sets maximum levels for these drugs in tissues from these animals in an effort to guarantee that food safety is not compromised. Aiming to monitor the levels of these drugs in tissues from food animals, the validation of a quantitative, confirmatory method for the detection of residues of 10 aminoglycosides antibiotics in poultry, swine, equine and bovine kidney, with extra ...	2011	22059623
potential of electrospray mass spectrometry for meat pigment identification.	the potential of electrospray mass spectrometry (esms) to identify haem pigments from different species has been investigated. purified haemoglobin and myoglobin from various sources (pig, beef, sheep and horse) were analysed by esms. the spectra showed ions corresponding to the molecular weights of the globin portions of the haemoproteins. when boiled and then analysed by esms, the globin chains remained intact but, on autoclaving for 1 h at 121°c, partial hydrolysis was observed, although the ...	1993	22059945
determination of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence for red deer (cervus elaphus) and the differentiation of closely related deer meats.	the cytochrome b gene sequence for red deer was determined using the dye terminator cycle sequencing method and used for identification of deer meat in meat and meat products. red deer showed a similarity of 94.1, 84.0, 81.1, 85.5 and 85.6% to sika deer (cervus nippon), bovine, pigs, sheep and goats, respectively. to differentiate the deer meat, oligonucleotide primers rd-1(5'-tcatcgcagcactcgctatagtacact-3'), rd-2(5'-atctccaagtaggtctggtgcgaataa-3') were designed for the region of the cytochrome ...	1998	22060620
antigenic specificity of monoclonal antibodies to beef myoglobin determined by cross-reactivity studies against myoglobins from domestic species.	six rat monoclonal antibodies to beef myoglobin were studied to pinpoint the antigenic determinants they recognize. their ability to bind myoglobin from beef, sheep, goat, horse, pig and chicken was compared in a competitive elisa using biotinylated beef myoglobin. correlation of sequence differences with relative binding allowed us to identify critical antigenic residues recognized by these antibodies. each domain included residues previously considered not to be directly involved in the antige ...	1996	22060771
meat speciation by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using an a-actin cdna probe.	classical dna fingerprinting is based on separation of dna restriction fragments by electrophoresis and hybridisation to nucleic acid probes containing repetitive nucleotide sequences. the use of such mini- or micro-satellite probes tends to yield patterns specific to an individual rather than to a species, hence their value in forensic analysis but general unsuitability for meat speciation. in the present study, a cdna probe based on conserved sequences contained in members of the actin multige ...	1998	22060813
safety and storage stability of horse meat for human consumption.	most horse meat is consumed by humans and/or animals in the region where it is produced. however, horse meat for human consumption is exported in large quantities from the americas and in lesser quantities from eastern europe, to western europe and japan where it is often eaten raw. horse meat prepared to a good hygienic condition should not be prone to early microbial spoilage, but contamination of the meat with salmonella and yersinia enterocolitica may be relatively common, and infection of t ...	2005	22060926
rapid dna purification for hal gene pcr diagnosis in porcine tissues and extension to other meat species.	two different halothane (hal) gene polymerase chain reaction (pcr) tests were applied to genomic dna extracted from porcine blood, semen, muscle and fat tissues by a rapid and simple chelex-100 based method. one of the pcr procedure is designed from the ryanodine receptor coding sequence to produce a 81 base pair (bp) fragment, while the other is designed from pig intron sequences to produce a 659 bp fragment. oligonucleotide primers derived from the coding sequence were also used for other meat ...	1997	22061133
production and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to cooked poultry meat.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to cooked poultry muscle proteins have been developed for the detection of poultry adulterants in cooked mammalian meat. saline (0.85% nacl) extract of heat-treated (100 °c, 15min) chicken muscle proteins was used to immunize mice for mab development. the specificity of mabs was tested against chicken antigen and protein extracts from seven other meat species (pork, beef, lamb, deer, horse, turkey and duck) by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay ...	1998	22061150
a quick and simple method for the identification of meat species and meat products by pcr assay.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied to identify six meats (cattle, pig, chicken, sheep, goat and horse) as raw materials for products. by mixing seven primers in appropriate ratios, species-specific dna fragments could be identified by only one multiplex pcr. a forward primer was designed on a conserved dna sequence in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and reverse primers on species-specific dna sequences for each species. pcr primers were designed to give different length fragmen ...	1999	22061698
metmyoglobin reductase activity in porcine m. longissimus dorsi muscle.	reduction of metmyoglobin by metmyoglobin reductase extracted from porcine m. longissimus dorsi was found to depend on the presence of nadh and to a lesser degree on the presence of an electron transfer mediator (ferrocyanide). the porcine metmyoglobin reductase was found to reduce equine metmyoglobin and metmyoglobin isolated from pigs hearts using a method described for bovine metmyoglobin. a linear increase in the rate of reduction as a function of amount of enzyme extract was observed, while ...	1999	22061700
monoclonal antibodies against troponin i for the detection of rendered muscle tissues in animal feedstuffs.	regulatory controls to prevent the spread of bse have prohibited the use of certain animal proteins in feed in several countries. accurate analytical methods for detecting prohibited material in feedstuffs are needed to ensure compliance with the new regulations. six igg class monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against troponin i (tni), a thermostable marker protein, have been developed for the detection and differentiation of rendered muscle tissue in animal feed. mabs 1f9, 2g3 and 7f7 reacted to tni ...	2002	22061747
production of salami from beef, horse, mutton, blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) with bacteriocinogenic strains of lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus curvatus.	lactobacillus plantarum 423, producer of bacteriocin 423, lactobacillus curvatus df38, producer of curvacin df38, and a bacteriocin-negative mutant of l. plantarum 423 (423m) were evaluated as starter cultures in the production of salami from beef, horse, mutton, blesbok (damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis). growth of l. plantarum 423 and l. curvatus df38 was best supported in blesbok salami, as revealed by the highest growth rate during sweating, cold smoking and ...	2007	22061794
establishment and application of a polymerase chain reaction for the identification of beef.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based method for the identification of beef by amplification of bovine 1.709 satellite dna was established. the method not only was able to amplify raw beef dna, but also cooked or autoclaved meat dna. the sequence selected for amplification consisted of a 218 bp dna fragment lying in the 1.709 satellite dna of bovine. a pair of synthetic oligonucleotides flanking this sequence were used as printers, and genomic dna extracted from beef samples employed as templa ...	1999	22061857
slicing frozen meat with an oscillating knife.	the forces, and hence fracture energies, required to cut frozen meat are presented in this paper and the merits of applying vibrations to a cutting blade are considered. a knife oscillating in a slicing action was used to cut horse m. semimembranosus and loin muscle m. longissimus dorsi over a range of temperatures (-1.5°c to -30°c) and vibration frequencies (0-1000 hz). the blade required less force to cut when slicing than when not slicing; the decrease in force was proportional to the velocit ...	1999	22061861
hamburger meat identification by dot-elisa.	the use of low cost meats to adulterate meats and meat products has been reported. appropriate methods of analysis then are needed in order to detect this practice. the dot-elisa method was used to identify the meat of different animal species and to detect adulteration of hamburgers. antisera to bovine, chicken, swine and horse albumin were produced and they could detect the meat extract of the homologous species at concentrations as low as 0.6%. thus, the anti-albumin antisera could identify b ...	2000	22061908
pcr assay for the identification of animal species in cooked sausages.	a species-specific pcr assay was developed for the detection of low levels of pork, horse and donkey meat in cooked sausages. oligonucleotid primers were designed for amplification of species-specific mitochondrial dna sequences of each species and detected the presence of 0.01ng of template dna in water. when applying the assay to dna extracts from sausages samples that were prepared from binary meat mixtures, it was possible to detect each species when spiked in any other species at the 0.1% l ...	2007	22061954
microbial spoilage of meats offered for retail sale in mexico city.	causes of the food borne epidemics in mexico city have usually been ascribed to poor handling and preparation of foods. in this work, presence of microorganisms indicative of contamination were analysed in meat sold in mexico city's retail outlets. enterobacteriaceae, psycorothrophs, mould and yeast, and mesophile counts, were evaluated in meat from five animal species (beef, sheep, chicken, rabbit and horse). ph, recorded as spoilage indicator, was not significantly different among days of stor ...	1999	22062020
porcine oxymyoglobin and lipid oxidation in vitro.	the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary a-tocopherol supplementation on porcine oxymyoglobin (oxymb) and lipid oxidation (tbars) in model lipid systems, and to determine the influence of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-hne), a secondary product of lipid oxidation, on porcine oxymb stability. porcine metmyoglobin (metmb) formation was greater in the presence of 4-hne than the control (p<0.05). western blot analyses confirmed the covalent modification of myoglobin (mb) histidine ...	2003	22062184
fracture energy during slicing of frozen meat by a vibrating knife.	the force, and hence fracture energy, required to cut horse quadriceps muscle, using a knife which was vibrated in the direction of material feed, were measured over a range of temperatures (-1.5 to -32.5 °c), vibration frequencies (no vibration and 1 to 1000 hz), accelerations (0.073 to 75 m s(-2)), thicknesses (0 to 40 µm off-cut), and direction to the muscle grain. high vibration accelerations (75 m s(-2)) resulted in reduction of the cutting force; the reduction was independent of the off-cu ...	1997	22062322
species and muscle differences in l-carnitine levels in skeletal muscles based on a new simple assay.	we have adapted the enzymatic method [biochemical and biophysical research communications 176 (3) (1991) 1617] for the safe and rapid assay of l-carnitine (l-ca) in skeletal muscle using a microplate reader. the concentration of l-ca in fresh semitendinosus muscle from broiler chicken, pig, beef cattle, deer, horse and goat muscle were 0.69, 1.09, 1.86-3.57, 4.57, 4.95 and 11.36 µmol/g wet weight, respectively. the animals which had higher concentration of l-ca, also had the highest amounts of m ...	2004	22062403
sodium lactate influences myoglobin redox stability in vitro.	injection-enhancement of beef with lactate improves color stability; however, the mechanism is unclear. thus, our objectives were to assess the effects of sodium lactate on equine myoglobin redox stability in vitro. oxymyoglobin at ph 5.6 (50mm sodium citrate) and ph 7.4 (50mm sodium phosphate) was incubated at 4°c with lactate (0, 5, 10, 100, or 200mm) and myoglobin redox form was determined using absorbance spectra. metmyoglobin formation at ph 5.6 and 7.4 was significantly (p<0.05) decreased ...	2008	22062474
cured products from different animal species.	an assessment was made of the proximate composition, ph and a(w) of raw beef, horsemeat and the meat of wild boar, deer and goat. the same assessment, together with one of fatty acids, cholesterol and free amino acids, was made of the same meats as cured products. the raw meat of the different animal species was found to have a reduced lipid, but high protein content. the cured meat of the horse and wild boar had low saturated fatty acid levels; the wild boar, goatmeat and beef were quantitative ...	2003	22062518
effect of calcium chloride marination on calpain and quality characteristics of meat from chicken, horse, cattle and rabbit.	differences in the quality of meat obtained from four animal species (beef, horse, rabbit and chicken) treated with two concentrations of calcium chloride (75 or 150 mm) were evaluated by a sensory panel. physicochemical variables analysed were water holding capacity, instrumental colour and ph. sensory analysis was by recognition index (r-index) by untrained and trained panels. cacl(2) led to an increase in enzymatic activity, although it was not significantly different in treated compared to u ...	1998	22062885
microbiological condition of horse meat prepared at a north american packing plant, and control of the temperatures of product air freighted to europe.	to obtain information about the microbiological quality of horse meat exported from north america, the microbiological conditions of hot or cold boned primal cuts and carcass quarters from horse carcasses processed at a north american packing plant were examined. in addition, temperature histories were obtained from boxes of hot boned meat during cooling, and from horse carcass quarters air freighted to europe. the log mean numbers of aerobes recovered from horse carcasses after dressing were >2 ...	2005	22062989
prediction of horse carcass composition using linear measurements.	an analysis of meat quality performed on 107 horses showed that there are significant relationships between some linear measures of carcasses and the irrespective tissue contents. thus, there is some potential for fat quantity estimation on the basis of nape fat thickness. the equation for the assessment of fat percentage in the carcass contains one variable, i.e., nape fat thickness only. however, even in this case the obtained multiple correlation coefficient was high, r=0.86 and the estimatio ...	2005	22062997
random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprints for identification of red meat animal species.	the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method was used to generate fingerprint patterns for 10 meat species: wild boar, pig, horse, buffalo, beef, venison, dog, cat, rabbit and kangaroo. a total of 29 10-nucleotide primers, with gc contents ranging from 50-80%, were evaluated for their specificity and efficiency. the fingerprint patterns that were generated were found in some cases to be species-specific, i.e. one species could be differentiated from another. the advantages and disadvantage ...	1998	22063076
meat nitrosamine contamination level depending on animal breeding factors.	the aim of the work was to answer the question how the species, breeding factors and season of the year affect nitrosamine contents in raw meat. the concentrations were assessed in raw pork from gilts, sows, hogs and boars, in beef from heifers, cows, bullocks and bulls, in veal and in horse, ram and goat meat. the studies were conducted in spring, summer, autumn and in winter. meat contents of nitrosamines (dimethylonitrosamine-dmna and diethylonitrosamine-dena) were assessed by pancholy's meth ...	2003	22063262
an actin gene-related polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for identification of chicken in meat mixtures.	using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna extracted from muscle, a single pair of oligonucleotide primers can yield amplification products from several members of the actin multigene family simultaneously. these multiple pcr products form species-specific "fingerprints" on gel electrophoresis which may be useful for meat authentication. however, for analysis of meat mixtures, the presence of a single band unique to a species would have many advantages over a multi-component fingerprint. ...	1999	22063464
water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polymer-enzyme hybrid system for the determination of both hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide.	in this paper, a sensitive and simple detecting system was developed for quantitative analysis of both hydroquinone (h(2)q) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), based on the successful combination of horse radish peroxidase (hrp) and water-soluble conjugate fluorescence polymers ppeso(3). in the presence of hrp and h(2)o(2), h(2)q could be oxidized to 1,4-benzoquinone (bq), an intermediate, which plays the main role in the enhanced quenching of the photoluminescence (pl) intensity of ppeso(3). the ...	2011	22063526
A combination of single-drop microextraction and open tubular capillary electrochromatography with carbon nanotubes as stationary phase for the determination of low concentration of illicit drugs in horse urine.	In this study we developed an interesting alternative to HPLC-mass spectrometry for the quantification of seven important drugs of abuse in racehorses. The procedure proposed in this work is a combination of single-drop microextraction (SDME) and an open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) using multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCTs) immobilized into a fused-silica capillary as a stationary phase. The SDME showed to be a powerful tool for extraction/preconcentration of the seven drugs ...	2011	22063542
an improved microtitre enzyme immunoassay to measure the boar taint steroid 5a-androst-16-en-3-one in blood plasma of pigs.	androstenone (5a-androst-16-en-3-one) is a volatile steroid which is synthesized in boar testes and stored in high amounts in fat thus leading to an urine-like odor in pork. whereas microtiter assays (mta) exist for fat determination, measurement in blood with mta was not yet possible. the system reported here is based on a specific antiserum and a horse radish peroxidase conjugate as tracer. for coating bovine serum albumin was avoided which otherwise would lead to unspecific binding. blood pla ...	2008	22063620
the detection of horse and donkey using real-time pcr.	we have developed real-time pcr assays specific for horse and donkey, applicable to the detection of low levels of horse or donkey meat in commercial products. primers, designed to the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, were 3' mismatched to closely related and other commercial species. amplification of non-target species dna was prevented by truncation of primers at the 5' position, thereby conferring complete specificity. both assays were highly sensitive and detected the presence of 1pg of donk ...	2005	22063899
Characterization of L-lysine transport across equine and porcine jejunal and colonic brush border membrane.	In nonruminant herbivores, microbially-derived AA could contribute to whole body AA homeostasis and, thus, decrease predicted AA requirements; however, post-ileal capacity of AA uptake is currently unknown. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that Lys is transported across the large colon mucosal apical membrane with similar capacity to that of the small intestinal mucosa in the pony and pig, we examined Lys transport in vitro using brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Mucosa was collected from ...	2011	22064742
przewalski's horse (equus ferus przewalskii) re-introduction in the great gobi b strictly protected area: from species to ecosystem conservation.	the przewalski's horse (equus ferus przewalskii poljakov, 1881), or "takhi" in mongolian, became extinct in the wild by the mid 1960's. the last recorded sightings of przewalski's horses occurred in the dzungarian gobi desert in sw mongolia, today's great gobi b strictly protected area (spa). a re-introduction program was initiated in 1992 and the first group of captive-born przewalski's horses was airlifted to the spa. given the logistical challenges associated with such a venture, the initial ...	2007	22064815
time budget-, behavioral synchrony- and body score development of a newly released przewalski's horse group equus ferus przewalskii, in the great gobi b strictly protected area in sw mongolia.	the przewalski's horse (equus ferus przewalskii) became extinct in the wild in the 1960s, but survived as a species due to captive breeding. there have been several initiatives to re-introduce the species in central asia, but until now only two projects in mongolia establish free-ranging populations. data on basic ecology and behavior of the species prior to extinction is largely lacking and a good documentation of the re-introduction process is essential. between 13 may and 2 september 2003 we ...	2007	22064904
Backing the wrong horse.		2011	22065676
genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in paleolithic works of cave art.	archaeologists often argue whether paleolithic works of art, cave paintings in particular, constitute reflections of the natural environment of humans at the time. they also debate the extent to which these paintings actually contain creative artistic expression, reflect the phenotypic variation of the surrounding environment, or focus on rare phenotypes. the famous paintings "the dappled horses of pech-merle," depicting spotted horses on the walls of a cave in pech-merle, france, date back ~25, ...	2011	22065780
[Surgical treatment of nephroliths of the fused kidney].		2011	22066251
european consensus on epidemiological studies of injuries in the thoroughbred horse racing industry.		2011	22067282
Activity of alemtuzumab monotherapy in treatment-naive, relapsed, and refractory severe acquired aplastic anemia.	Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) plus cyclosporine is effective in restoring hematopoiesis in severe aplastic anemia (SAA). We hypothesized that the humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, alemtuzumab, might be active in SAA due to its lymphocytotoxic properties. To test this hypothesis, we investigated alemtuzumab monotherapy from 2003-2010 in treatment-naïve, relapsed, and refractory SAA in three separate research protocols at the National Institutes of Health. Primary outcome was hematologic re ...	2011	22067384
Radiographic identification of the equine ventral conchal bulla.	Involvement of the ventral conchal sinus (VCS) is an important diagnostic and prognostic feature in cases of the equine sinus disease. The authors aimed to ascertain if the caudo-dorsal extension of the VCS, the ventral conchal bulla (VCB) is identifiable on plain radiographs of cadaver skulls without sinus disease. Bilateral frontonasal sinus flaps were made in 10 equine cadaver skulls. Plain lateral, lateral oblique and dorso-ventral radiographs were then obtained followed by the same views ta ...	2011	22068334
bothrops lanceolatus bites: guidelines for severity assessment and emergent management.	approximately 20-30 declared snakebite cases occurin martinique each year. bothrops lanceolatus, a member of the crotalidae family, is considered to be the only involved snake. b. lanceolatus, commonly named "fer-de-lance", is endemic and only found on this caribbean island. envenomation local features include the presence of fang marks, swelling, pain, bleeding from punctures, and ecchymosis. severe envenomation is associated with multiple systemic thromboses appearing within 48 h of the bite a ...	2010	22069552
a native disulfide stabilizes non-native helical structures in partially folded states of equine β-lactoglobulin.	equine β-lactoglobulin (elg) assumes non-native helices during refolding and in partially folded states. previously, circular dichroism (cd) combined with site-directed mutagenesis identified helical regions in the acid- and cold-denatured states of elg. it is also known that a fragment of elg, chibl (residues 88-142), has a structure similar to that of the cold-denatured state. for the study reported herein, the structure of a shorter fragment, chiblδf (residues 97-142), was investigated by cd ...	2011	22070087
Consensus on equine tendon disease: Building on the 2007 Havemeyer symposium.		2012	22070097
Horse versus rabbit antithymocyte globulin in aplastic anemia.		2011	22070488
horse versus rabbit antithymocyte globulin in aplastic anemia.		2011	22070489
thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins in chamois-coloured domestic goat kids.	with 2 figures summary: conjoined twins have been observed in a wide range of mammalian and non-mammalian species; they are considered to be more common in bovine, less frequent in sheep and pig and extremely rare in horse and goat. a pair of female conjoined twins was delivered from a 2-year-old chamois-coloured domestic goat. post-mortem examination revealed two identical and symmetrical twins, fused from the manubrium sterni to the region just caudal to the umbilicus. the rib cages were conjo ...	2011	22070788
immunoprecipitation of equine cd molecules using anti-human mabs previously analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.	earlier studies investigating the cross-reactivity of antibodies submitted to the hlda8 had used flow cytometry as a method of choice to screen mabs for reactivity with equine leukocytes, including two-color flow-cytometry to characterize the lymphocyte population they detect. in addition, immuno-histochemistry (ihc) was used to detect distribution of positive cells in lymphoid tissue sections. in this study we performed immunoprecipitation (ip) to complement the previous results and add valuabl ...	2011	22070824
skimming the surface with burgess shale arthropod locomotion.	the first arthropod trackways are described from the middle cambrian burgess shale formation of canada. trace fossils, including trackways, provide a rich source of biological and ecological information, including direct evidence of behaviour not commonly available from body fossils alone. the discovery of large arthropod trackways is unique for burgess shale-type deposits. trackway dimensions and the requisite number of limbs are matched with the body plan of a tegopeltid arthropod. tegopelte, ...	2011	22072605
[the unicorn and the unicorn horn among apothecaries and physicians].	in the 4th century a.d. the first unicorn was shown as a little horse with a twisted horn and was completely different from the oriental one described by marco polo. the new unicorn appeared during the 4th century a.d. in alexandria. this animal enamoured of purity was used as a christian symbol of purity and sacrifice and adornment of churches like in lyons in the 13th century. in the 15th & 17th centuries the unicorn was found again in famous tapestries like la dame b la licorne as it meant co ...	2011	22073757
In vitro acute exposure to DEHP affects oocyte meiotic maturation, energy and oxidative stress parameters in a large animal model.	Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental contaminants because of their use in plastics and other common consumer products. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundant phthalate and it impairs fertility by acting as an endocrine disruptor. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of in vitro acute exposure to DEHP on oocyte maturation, energy and oxidative status in the horse, a large animal model. Cumulus cell (CC) apoptosis and oxidative status were also investigated. ...	2011	22076161
axial speed of sound is related to tendon's nonlinear elasticity.	axial speed of sound (sos) measurements have been successfully applied to noninvasively evaluate tendon load, while preliminary studies showed that this technique also has a potential clinical interest in the follow up of tendon injuries. the ultrasound propagation theory predicts that the sos is determined by the effective stiffness, mass density and poisson's ratio of the propagating medium. tendon stiffness characterizes the tissue's mechanical quality, but it is often measured in quasi-stati ...	2012	22078274
Ultrasonographic appearance of bony abnormalities at the dorsal aspect of the fetlock joint in geriatric cadaver horses.	This article describes the ultrasonographic (US) appearance of bony abnormalities on the dorsal aspect of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone of the equine fetlock in cadavers with radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis. After US, computed tomography was undertaken to better characterise the lesions. Twelve fetlock joints were collected and all had more than one bone abnormality on US. Normal subchondral bone appeared on US as a well-defined and regular hyperechoic line with distal acoustic shado ...	2011	22078389
anthelmintic resistance in non-strongylid parasites of horses.	since 2002, selected populations of parascaris equorum in several countries have been reported to survive treatment with macrocyclic lactone (m/l) anthelmintics. clinical treatment failures are characterized by negligible fecal egg count reduction, but m/l resistance has been confirmed in ascarids by controlled efficacy testing. resistance was selected by current parasite control practices for foals, which often include exclusive and excessively frequent use of m/l dewormers, thereby minimizing ...	2011	22078748
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in three pelagic fish species from atlantic ocean: inter-specific and inter-season comparisons and assessment of potential public health risks.	the concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were determined in three commercially valuable fish species (sardine, sardine pilchardus; chub mackerel, scomber japonicus; and horse mackerel, trachurus trachurus) from the atlantic ocean. specimens were collected seasonally during 2007-2009. only low molecular weight pahs were detected, namely, naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. chub mackerel (1.80-19.90μg/kgww) revealed to be significantly more contaminated th ...	2011	22079181
Optimization by factorial analysis of caprylic acid precipitation of non-immunoglobulins from hyperimmune equine plasma for antivenom preparation.	Optimization of caprylic acid precipitation of equine plasma non-immunoglobulin proteins for antivenom preparation was achieved by regression analysis of the responses of three highly significant factors assayed by factorial design. The factors studied were caprylic acid concentration, plasma pH and temperature, and their response was assessed in terms of filtration speed, residual albumin, total protein content and turbidity. The results evidenced that the three variables are involved in the pr ...	2011	22079738
Identification of H5N1-Specific T-Cell Responses in a High-risk Cohort in Vietnam Indicates the Existence of Potential Asymptomatic Infections.	Background. Most reported human H5N1 viral infections have been severe and were detected after hospital admission. A case ascertainment bias may therefore exist, with mild cases or asymptomatic infections going undetected. We sought evidence of mild or asymptomatic H5N1 infection by examining H5N1-specific T-cell and antibody responses in a high-risk cohort in Vietnam. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested using interferon-? enzyme-linked immunospot T assays measuring the respo ...	2012	22080094
Survival After Immunosuppressive Therapy in Children with Aplastic Anemia.	OBJECTIVE: To determine the survival of children ?18y, treated with immunosuppresive therapy (IST) using equine antithymocyte globulin (e-ATG) and cyclosporine(CsA). DESIGN: Prospective data entry as per a specified format. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: From January 1998 to December 2009, 40 children were diagnosed with acquired aplastic anemia; 33 patients, who received IST, were analyzed. 31 children (94%) received one course of e-ATG and CsA. 2 patients (6%) received two courses ...	2011	22080620
validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of glycopyrrolate in horse plasma.	a rapid, sensitive, and specific ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with heated electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc-hesi-ms-ms) method to detect and quantify glycopyrrolate in horse plasma has been developed and validated. we also determined glycopyrrolate in plasma after oral and intravenous administration of clinically relevant doses to thoroughbred horses. calibration was accomplished by weighted, linear regression analysis using a deuterated analogue of glycopy ...	2011	22080904
whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of domestic horses reveals incorporation of extensive wild horse diversity during domestication.	abstract:	2011	22082251
repeated mitral valve replacement in a patient with extensive annular calcification.	abstract:	2011	22082310
sporting activity following colic surgery in horses: a retrospective study.	there is a paucity of studies addressing sporting activity and horse owners' satisfaction after horses have undergone colic surgery.	2011	22082438
Incidence of support limb laminitis in horses treated with half limb, full limb or transfixation pin casts: a retrospective study of 113 horses (2000-2009).	To determine the incidence of support limb laminitis among horses treated with half limb, full limb or transfixation pin casts and determine potential risk factors.	2011	22082439
dynamic respiratory videoendoscopy in ridden sport horses: effect of head flexion, riding and airway inflammation in 129 cases.	dynamic upper airway obstruction (uao) is a cause of respiratory noise and sometimes poor performance in sport horses. riding, head flexion and airway inflammation may impact upper respiratory tract stability during exercise. objectives: to evaluate upper airway mechanical behaviour in ridden sport horses using overground endoscopy and the effect of head flexion, rider intervention and underlying airway inflammation on the pharynx and larynx.	2011	22082441
Adaptation and validation of a bacteria-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of farm-specific Lawsonia intracellularis seroprevalence in central Kentucky Thoroughbreds.	Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), a disease for which no large-scale seroprevalence studies have been conducted. Objectives: To validate and use an equine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for L. intracellularis to determine the seroprevalence of L. intracellularis on numerous farms.	2011	22082442