Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| genetic analysis of colistin resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | colistin is a cyclic cationic peptide that kills gram-negative bacteria by interacting with and disrupting the outer membrane. we isolated 44 independent mutants in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with reduced susceptibility to colistin and identified 27 different missense mutations located in the pmra and pmrb genes (encoding the regulator and sensor of a two-component regulatory system) that conferred increased resistance. by comparison of the two homologous sensor kinases, pmrb and en ... | 2009 | 19332669 |
| a simple broth-disk method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone on salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi. | resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins is a major problem with salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi. an accurate determination of antibiotic susceptibility requires tests for minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of antibiotics. we describe a simple broth-disk method to determine the mic of ceftriaxone on s. typhi and s. paratyphi. | 2009 | 19332908 |
| deep sequencing of salmonella rna associated with heterologous hfq proteins in vivo reveals small rnas as a major target class and identifies rna processing phenotypes. | the bacterial sm-like protein, hfq, is a key factor for the stability and function of small non-coding rnas (srnas) in escherichia coli. homologues of this protein have been predicted in many distantly related organisms yet their functional conservation as srna-binding proteins has not entirely been clear. to address this, we expressed in salmonella the hfq proteins of two eubacteria (neisseria meningitides, aquifex aeolicus) and an archaeon (methanocaldococcus jannaschii), and analyzed the asso ... | 2009 | 19333007 |
| identification of a flja gene on a linear plasmid as the repressor gene of flic in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi z66-positive strain contains an fljba-like operon on a linear plasmid and the flic gene on the chromosome encoding d or j antigen. the fljb-like gene has been identified as the gene encoding z66 antigen. to investigate the function of the flja-like gene in s. enterica serovar typhi, a z66-positive wild-type strain gifu10007 and its phase variation j positive strain 007j+ were used in the present study. after deletion of the flja-like gene, the wild-type strain t ... | 2009 | 19341422 |
| a novel hybrid yeast-human network analysis reveals an essential role for fnbp1l in antibacterial autophagy. | autophagy is a conserved cellular process required for the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, and intracellular pathogens. we used a network analysis strategy to identify novel human autophagy components based upon the yeast interactome centered on the core yeast autophagy proteins. this revealed the potential involvement of 14 novel mammalian genes in autophagy, several of which have known or predicted roles in membrane organization or dynamics. we selected one of these membra ... | 2009 | 19342671 |
| humoral immune responses inhibit the antitumor activities mediated by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis. | salmonella is a powerful antitumor agent owing to its tumor-targeting potential, antitumor capability, and ability to deliver therapeutic genes. host factors including innate and adaptive immune responses play roles in salmonella-induced antitumor activity. an emerging realization from animal models that host immune system responses to salmonella remains uncertain. herein, we used naive mice and salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) immunized mice to study the role of humora ... | 2009 | 19342967 |
| an accelerated method for isolation of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium from artificially contaminated foods, using a short preenrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and xylose-lysine-desoxycholate agar (6ix method). | rapid isolation of salmonella from food is essential for faster typing and source tracking in an outbreak. the objective of this study was to investigate a rapid isolation method that would augment the standard u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual (bam) method. food samples with low microbial load, including egg salad and ice cream, moderately high-microbial-load tomatoes, and high-microbial-load ground beef were intentionally inoculated with 2 to 48 cfu of salmo ... | 2009 | 19343948 |
| transfer of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from contaminated irrigation water to parsley is dependent on curli and cellulose, the biofilm matrix components. | enteric pathogens can contaminate fresh produce, and this contaminated produce can be a significant potential source of human illness. the objective of this study was to determine a possible mode of transfer of salmonella typhimurium from contaminated irrigation water to mature parsley plants and to investigate the role of bacterial cellulose and curli. parsley plants were drip irrigated with water containing green fluorescent protein-labeled salmonella typhimurium. stems and leaves were harvest ... | 2009 | 19343953 |
| roles of the outer membrane protein asma of salmonella enterica in the control of marrab expression and invasion of epithelial cells. | a genetic screen for suppressors of bile sensitivity in dna adenine methylase (dam) mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium yielded insertions in an uncharacterized locus homologous to the escherichia coli asma gene. disruption of asma suppressed bile sensitivity also in phop and wec mutants of s. enterica and increased the mic of sodium deoxycholate for the parental strain atcc 14028. increased levels of mara mrna were found in asma, asma dam, asma phop, and asma wec strains of s. en ... | 2009 | 19346309 |
| escherichia coli and salmonella enterica are protected against acetic acid, but not hydrochloric acid, by hypertonicity. | chapman et al. (b. chapman, n. jensen, t ross, and m. b. cole, appl. environ. microbiol. 72:5165-5172, 2006) demonstrated that an increased nacl concentration prolongs survival of escherichia coli o157 serl 2 in a broth model simulating the aqueous phase of a food dressing or sauce containing acetic acid. we examined the responses of five other e. coli strains and four salmonella enterica strains to increasing concentrations of nacl under conditions of lethal acidity and observed that the averag ... | 2009 | 19346344 |
| salmonella infection after surgery of small intestine foreign bodies. | to report the first case of salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis infection after surgery for small intestine foreign bodies. | 2009 | 19349730 |
| effects of in-feed egg yolk antibodies on salmonella shedding, bacterial antibiotic resistance, and health of pigs. | to determine effects of anti-salmonella egg yolk antibodies on shedding and antibiotic resistance of salmonella enterica typhimurium, newly weaned pigs were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments. these treatment groups were (i) a control (basal) diet without additives and similar diets with (ii) egg yolk powder derived from chickens challenged with salmonella typhimurium antigens, (iii) a commercial egg yolk powder control, (iv) apramycin for 14 days followed by carbadox, (v) oxytetracycli ... | 2009 | 19350971 |
| contamination of bottles used for feeding reconstituted powdered infant formula and implications for public health. | microbial contamination of powdered infant formula (pif) is known to cause gastrointestinal infections in infants. of concern is intrinsic contamination of the formula with (for example) salmonella enterica as well as extrinsic contamination from inappropriate handling or ineffective disinfection. the aim of this study was to evaluate organic and microbial contamination of 'in-use' bottles used for feeding infants powdered formula milk in south wales, uk. | 2009 | 19354201 |
| characterisation of antibiotic resistance in host-adapted salmonella enterica. | salmonella enterica serovars dublin, choleraesuis and pullorum are host-adapted serovars that cause disease primarily in cattle, swine and poultry, respectively. in addition, serovars dublin and choleraesuis are important human pathogens that are disproportionately associated with severe invasive infections that require antimicrobial therapy. because of the potential increased emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, isolates of 42 s. enterica serovars dublin, choleraesuis and pullorum ... | 2009 | 19356907 |
| [molecular biological and phenotypical characterization of human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b dt+ or salmonella java]. | salmonella paratyphi b dt+ (or salmonella java) is an emerging public health problem. the study objective was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically 13 human isolates from sporadic cases of infection. | 2009 | 19358450 |
| reduction of salmonella enterica var. enteritidis colonization and invasion by bacillus cereus var. toyoi inclusion in poultry feeds. | the effect of continuously feeding the probiotic microorganism toyocerin to birds inoculated with salmonella enteritidis field-isolated strains on salmonella enteritidis prevalence, and performance variables were studied in 2 experiments. the experiments were performed with 1) broiler chickens in floor pens until slaughter 42 d of age, challenge was performed on d 3, 7, or 14 with 2 x 10(6) cfu per chick, and 2) single comb white leghorn chickens in cages until 28 d of age, challenge was perform ... | 2009 | 19359685 |
| salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pathogenicity island 1 is not essential for but facilitates rapid systemic spread in chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis is a leading cause of human food-borne illness that is mainly associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat and eggs. to cause infection, s. enteritidis is known to use two type iii secretion systems, which are encoded on two salmonella pathogenicity islands, spi-1 and spi-2, the first of which is thought to play a major role in invasion and bacterial uptake. in order to study the role of spi-1 in the colonization of chicken, ... | 2009 | 19364835 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenicity island 1-encoded type iii secretion system translocases mediate intimate attachment to nonphagocytic cells. | delivery of bacterial proteins into mammalian cells by type iii secretion systems (ttss) is thought to require the intimate association of bacteria with target cells. the molecular bases of this intimate association appear to be different in different bacteria involving ttss components, as well as surface determinants not associated with ttss. we show here that the protein translocases sipb, sipc, and sipd of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1)-encoded ttss ... | 2009 | 19364837 |
| o-antigen-negative salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is attenuated in intestinal colonization but elicits colitis in streptomycin-treated mice. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a major constituent of the outer membrane and an important virulence factor of salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar typhimurium (serovar typhimurium). to evaluate the role of lps in eliciting intestinal inflammation in streptomycin-treated mice, we constructed an o-antigen-deficient serovar typhimurium strain through deletion of the wbap gene. the resulting strain was highly susceptible to human complement activity and the antimicrobial peptide mimic polymyxin b. ... | 2009 | 19364844 |
| relative transport behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar pullorum in packed bed column systems: influence of solution chemistry and cell concentration. | the influence of solution chemistry and cell concentration on bacterial transport has been examined using salmonella pullorum sa1685 and escherichia coli o157:h7. a column was employed to determine the transport behavior and deposition kinetics with aquifer sand over a range of ionic strengths and cell concentrations. o157:h7 was found to be more adhesive than sa1685, with calculated deposition rate coefficients higher than those of sa1685. comprehensive cell surface characterization techniques ... | 2009 | 19368180 |
| identification of resistance and virulence factors in an epidemic enterobacter hormaechei outbreak strain. | bacterial strains differ in their ability to cause hospital outbreaks. using comparative genomic hybridization, enterobacter cloacae complex isolates were studied to identify genetic markers specific for enterobacter cloacae complex outbreak strains. no outbreak-specific genes were found that were common in all investigated outbreak strains. therefore, the aim of our study was to identify specific genetic markers for an enterobacter hormaechei outbreak strain (ehos) that caused a nationwide outb ... | 2009 | 19372158 |
| [active efflux as the multidrug resistance mechanism]. | active efflux is a common resistance mechanism in a wide range of bacterial pathogens. it is responsible for the transport of such toxic compounds as drugs, toxins, and detergents. pumps with broad substrate profiles promote the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens that are a particular threat to contemporary medicine, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella enterica sv typhimurium. one can distinguish five major class of transport ... | 2009 | 19373193 |
| genetic basis of multidrug resistance in salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium isolated from diarrheic calves in egypt. | up to this date, nothing is known about the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella isolated from animals in africa. therefore, this study was carried out to screen the incidence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains of salmonella from neonatal calf diarrhea in egypt and also to characterize the molecular basis of this resistance. nine unique salmonella isolates were obtained from 220 fecal samples, and six of these showed multidrug resistance phenotypes and harbored at least tw ... | 2009 | 19375408 |
| salmonella induces flagellin- and myd88-dependent migration of bacteria-capturing dendritic cells into the gut lumen. | intestinal dendritic cells (dcs) sample bacteria, such as salmonella, by extending cellular processes into the lumen to capture bacteria and shuttle them across the epithelium; however, direct evidence of bacteria-loaded dcs travelling back into the tissue is lacking. we hypothesized that sampling is paralleled by migration of dcs into the lumen prior to or following the internalization of salmonella. | 2009 | 19375423 |
| effect of long chain fatty acids on salmonella killing, superoxide and nitric oxide production by chicken macrophages. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of uptake of different commonly consumed long chain fatty acids on superoxide (o(2)(-)), nitric oxide (no) production, and ability to kill salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) by chicken macrophages (hd11 cells). all the fatty acids were taken up by hd11 cells with stearic acid uptake higher than polyunsaturated fatty acids. uptake of green fluorescent protein-labeled bacteria and the viability of hd11 cells (measured ... | 2009 | 19375809 |
| prevalence and concentration of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in the beef production chain: a review. | this review examines the prevalence of three important pathogens, verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec), salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes, in cattle and beef from the farm to the final, ready-to-eat product. factors affecting prevalence of pathogens in the beef chain, such as the season and cattle rearing method, are examined. data from many key surveys are summarized in table form. the observed prevalence of pathogens in cattle and beef varies considerably from survey to surve ... | 2009 | 19376457 |
| mutations in flk, flgg, flha, and flhe that affect the flagellar type iii secretion specificity switch in salmonella enterica. | upon completion of the flagellar hook-basal body (hbb) structure, the flagellar type iii secretion system switches from secreting rod/hook-type to filament-type substrates. the secretion specificity switch has been reported to occur prematurely (prior to hbb completion) in flk-null mutants (p. aldridge, j. e. karlinsey, e. becker, f. f. chevance, and k. t. hughes, mol. microbiol. 60:630-643, 2006) and in distal rod gene gain-of-function mutants (flgg* mutants) that produce filamentous rod struct ... | 2009 | 19376867 |
| a role for the eal-like protein stm1344 in regulation of csgd expression and motility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the bacterial second messenger cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) regulates the transition between sessility and motility. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, the expression of csgd, the regulator of multicellular rdar morphotype behavior, is a major target of c-di-gmp signaling. csgd expression is positively regulated by at least two diguanylate cyclases, ggdef domain proteins, and negatively regulated by at least four phosphodiesterases, eal domain proteins. here, we show that in contrast to eal ... | 2009 | 19376870 |
| detection of live salmonella sp. cells in produce by a taqman-based quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time pcr targeting inva mrna. | salmonella enterica contamination in foods is a significant concern for public health. when dna detection methods are used for analysis of foods, one of the major concerns is false-positive results from the detection of dead cells. to circumvent this crucial issue, a taqman quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) assay with an rna internal control was developed. inva rna standards were used to determine the detection limit of this assay as well as to determine inva mrna levels in mid-exponential ... | 2009 | 19376910 |
| role of ceftiofur in selection and dissemination of blacmy-2-mediated cephalosporin resistance in salmonella enterica and commensal escherichia coli isolates from cattle. | third-generation cephalosporin resistance of salmonella and commensal escherichia coli isolates from cattle in the united states is predominantly conferred by the cephamycinase cmy-2, which inactivates beta-lactam antimicrobial drugs used to treat a wide variety of infections, including pediatric salmonellosis. the emergence and dissemination of bla(cmy-2)(-)-bearing plasmids followed and may in part be the result of selection pressure imposed by the widespread utilization of ceftiofur, a third- ... | 2009 | 19376926 |
| glucose and glycolysis are required for the successful infection of macrophages and mice by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | salmonella is a widespread zoonotic enteropathogen that causes gastroenteritis and fatal typhoidal disease in mammals. during systemic infection of mice, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium resides and replicates in macrophages within the "salmonella-containing vacuole" (scv). it is surprising that the substrates and metabolic pathways necessary for growth of s. typhimurium within the scv of macrophages have not been identified yet. to determine whether s. typhimurium utilized sugars within ... | 2009 | 19380470 |
| predictive value of clinical and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of the enteric fever. | although the definitive diagnosis of enteric fever requires the isolation of salmonella enterica serotype typhi or paratyphi, the diagnosis is usually made according to clinical and laboratory findings. there is usually a diagnostic dilemma. the aim of this study was to determine the minimum required parameters that could be valuable in the diagnosis of enteric fever. a retrospective study was performed to compare the clinical and laboratory findings in 60 patients who proved to have enteric fev ... | 2009 | 19382666 |
| b cell precursors are targets for salmonella infection. | we previously reported that, in mice, b cells are a reservoir for bacteria during salmonella infection. here, we show that, within the bone marrow, b cells and their precursors are targeted for infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. our data suggest that b cells within the bone marrow may be a bacterial niche during chronic salmonella infection. | 2009 | 19383536 |
| fimh alleles direct preferential binding of salmonella to distinct mammalian cells or to avian cells. | this study aimed to determine whether allelic variants of the fimh adhesin from salmonella enterica confer differential bacterial binding to different types of mammalian cells [murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (dcs) and hep-2 cells] and chicken leukocytes. although the type 1 fimbriated s. enterica serovar typhimurium strains ajb3 (sr-11 derivative) and sl1344 both aggregated yeast cells, only the former bound efficiently to dcs and hep-2 cells. type 1 fimbriae-mediated binding to dcs ... | 2009 | 19383701 |
| multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat method for typing salmonella enterica serovar newport. | in recent years, the proportion of salmonella enterica infections represented by s. enterica serovar newport has increased markedly among humans and animals. multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) has proven to be useful in discriminating other highly clonal salmonella serovars. here, we report on the development of a highly discriminatory mlva for salmonella serovar newport. | 2009 | 19386855 |
| adhesion and growth inhibitory effect of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) on salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium in vitro. | the protective effects of powder preparation of egg yolk immunoglobulin y (igy), specific to salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium outer membrane proteins (omp), against these two salmonella sp. serovars were investigated in vitro in two different assays: adhesion-prevention and growth-inhibition. the adhesion-prevention assay was conducted using polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial caco-2 cell line. first, the conditions of salmonella adherence to caco-2 cells wer ... | 2009 | 19388827 |
| ferrous iron-binding protein omb of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis promotes resistance to hydrophobic antibiotics and contributes to its virulence. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis (sc) is an important enteric pathogen that causes serious systemic infections in swine and humans. to identify the genes required for resistance to antimicrobial peptides, we constructed a bank of sc transposon mutants and screened them for hypersensitivity to the cationic peptide polymyxin b. here we report one isolated polymyxin b-susceptible mutant that also exhibited increased sensitivity toward human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensin 1 (hnp-1) and hy ... | 2009 | 19389759 |
| proteomic analysis of the adaptive response of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to growth under anaerobic conditions. | in order to survive in the host and initiate infection, salmonella enterica needs to undergo a transition between aerobic and anaerobic growth by modulating its central metabolic pathways. in this study, a comparative analysis of the proteome of s. enterica serovar typhimurium grown in the presence or absence of oxygen was performed. the most prominent changes in expression were measured in a semiquantitative manner using difference in-gel electrophoresis (dige) to reveal the main protein factor ... | 2009 | 19389776 |
| accurate prediction of secreted substrates and identification of a conserved putative secretion signal for type iii secretion systems. | the type iii secretion system is an essential component for virulence in many gram-negative bacteria. though components of the secretion system apparatus are conserved, its substrates--effector proteins--are not. we have used a novel computational approach to confidently identify new secreted effectors by integrating protein sequence-based features, including evolutionary measures such as the pattern of homologs in a range of other organisms, g+c content, amino acid composition, and the n-termin ... | 2009 | 19390620 |
| search for salmonella spp. in ostrich productive chain of brazilian southeast region. | we analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the brazilian southeast region for the presence of salmonella spp. this bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings from rodents. additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted ... | 2009 | 19390983 |
| microbial co-habitation and lateral gene transfer: what transposases can tell us. | determining the habitat range for various microbes is not a simple, straightforward matter, as habitats interlace, microbes move between habitats, and microbial communities change over time. in this study, we explore an approach using the history of lateral gene transfer recorded in microbial genomes to begin to answer two key questions: where have you been and who have you been with? | 2009 | 19393086 |
| genotoxic activation of the environmental pollutant 3,6-dinitrobenzo[e]pyrene in salmonella typhimurium umu strains expressing human cytochrome p450 and n-acetyltransferase. | 3,6-dinitrobenzo[e]pyrene (dnbep) is a potent mutagen identified in surface soil in two metropolitan areas of japan. we investigated whether dnbep can cause genotoxicity through any metabolic activation pathway in bacteria using the parental strain salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) ta1535/psk1002, nitroreductase (nr)-deficient strain nm1000, the o-acetyltransferase (o-at)-deficient strain nm2000, bacterial o-at-overexpressing strain nm2009, and bacterial nr- and o-at-overe ... | 2009 | 19393727 |
| population structure, origins and evolution of major salmonella enterica clones. | the genus salmonella consists of two species s. enterica and s. bongori. s. enterica has a well defined subspecies structure with seven subspecies consistently delineated by sequence variation. frequency of recombination between subspecies and within a subspecies is markedly different. subspecies i undergoes frequent recombination as demonstrated recently, demystifying the long-held belief that salmonella is a highly clonal organism. the majority of disease causing serovars are from subspecies i ... | 2009 | 19393770 |
| salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae bone and joints sepsis. a case report and literature review. | osteoarticular infections caused by salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae are rarely seen in humans but young children and immunocompromised adults are at particular risk of acquiring this bacteria. reptiles and their by-products (e.g. meat preparations or medications) are particularly likely to harbor salmonella. we report on a case of septic arthritis of the hip transmitted by a reptile in a 10-month-old child. we carry out a recall of the complex nomenclature of salmonella, a review of the lite ... | 2009 | 19395336 |
| antimicrobial efficiency of essential oil and freeze-thaw treatments against escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis in strawberry juice. | this study investigated the antimicrobial efficiency of 3 essential oils (eos), lemongrass, cinnamon leaf, and basil, and freeze-thaw treatment, alone or in combination, against escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis inoculated in strawberry juice stored at 7 degrees c. eo of lemongrass or cinnamon leaf at 0.1 to 2 microl/ml and freezing at -23 degrees c for 24 or 48 h followed by thawing at 7 degrees c for 4 h all showed significant antimicrobial activities (p < 0.05) ... | 2009 | 19397729 |
| a typhoid fever outbreak in a slum of south dumdum municipality, west bengal, india, 2007: evidence for foodborne and waterborne transmission. | in april 2007, a slum of south dumdum municipality, west bengal reported an increase in fever cases. we investigated to identify the agent, the source and to propose recommendations. | 2009 | 19397806 |
| [molecular subtyping of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in a post epidemic period]. | in the last two decades, salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis has become one of the main agents causing food borne diseases worldwide. this agent is transmitted mainly by contaminated meat and poultry. | 2009 | 19399324 |
| two site-directed mutations are required for the conversion of a sugar dehydratase into an aminotransferase. | l-colitose and d-perosamine are unusual sugars found in the o-antigens of some gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, and salmonella enterica, among others. the biosynthetic pathways for these two sugars begin with the formation of gdp-mannose from d-mannose 1-phosphate and gtp followed by the subsequent dehydration and oxidation of gdp-mannose to yield gdp-4-keto-6-deoxymannose. following the production of gdp-4-keto-6-deoxymannose, the two pathways diverge. in the ca ... | 2009 | 19402712 |
| an oral recombinant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutant elicits systemic antigen-specific cd8+ t cell cytokine responses in mice. | the induction of antigen-specific cd8+ t cell cytokine responses against an attenuated, oral recombinant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine expressing a green fluorescent protein (gfp) model antigen was investigated. a gfp expression plasmid was constructed in which the gfp gene was fused in-frame with the 5' domain of the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase alpha-gene fragment with expression under the lac promoter. groups of mice were orally immunized three times with the bacteria ... | 2009 | 19402893 |
| reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in salmonella enterica isolates from travelers, finland. | we tested the fluoroquinolone susceptibility of 499 salmonella enterica isolates collected from travelers returning to finland during 2003-2007. among isolates from travelers to thailand and malaysia, reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility decreased from 65% to 22% (p = 0.002). all isolates showing nonclassical quinolone resistance were from travelers to these 2 countries. | 2009 | 19402977 |
| characterization of the enzyme aac(3)-id in a clinical isolate of salmonella enterica serovar haifa causing traveler's diarrhea. | the objective of this investigation was to identify the mechanism of decreased susceptibility to gentamicin in a salmonella clinical isolate, leading to the detection of a aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene found in a class 1 integron. | 2009 | 19403206 |
| rfab, a galactosyltransferase, contributes to the resistance to detergent and the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | in this study, a deletion mutant of rfab (deltarfab) was observed to be susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate and less tolerant to bile salts. in addition, pre-incubation in 10% bile salts increased bacterial tolerance to 30% bile salts. we also showed that the deltarfab mutant invaded hela cells less than the wild type and resulted in a lower ratio of intracellular bacteria. competitive infection of mice showed that the deltarfab mutant was defective in the colonization of host organs and was c ... | 2009 | 19404677 |
| the dna static curvature has a role in the regulation of the omps1 porin gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the dna static curvature has been described to play a key role as a regulatory element in the transcription process of several bacterial genes. here, the role of dna curvature in the expression of the omps1 porin gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhi is described. the web server mutacurve was used to predict mutations that diminished or restored the extent of dna curvature in the 5' regulatory region of omps1. using these predictions, curvature was diminished by site-directed mutagenesis of ... | 2009 | 19406898 |
| the global consequence of disruption of the acrab-tolc efflux pump in salmonella enterica includes reduced expression of spi-1 and other attributes required to infect the host. | the mechanisms by which rnd pumps contribute to pathogenicity are currently not understood. using the acrab-tolc system as a paradigm multidrug-resistant efflux pump and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a model pathogen, we have demonstrated that acra, acrb, and tolc are each required for efficient adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells and macrophages by salmonella in vitro. in addition, acrb and tolc are necessary for salmonella to colonize poultry. mutants lacking acra, acrb, ... | 2009 | 19411325 |
| adaptation and cross-adaptation of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica to poultry decontaminants. | information on the potential for acquired reduced susceptibility of bacteria to poultry decontaminants occurring is lacking. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were established for assessing the initial susceptibility and the adaptative and cross-adaptative responses of four bacterial strains (listeria monocytogenes serovar l/2a, l. monocytogenes serovar 4b, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, and s. enterica serotype enteritidis) to four poultry decontaminants (trisodium phosphate, ... | 2009 | 19412596 |
| evaluation of iso enrichment real-time pcr methods with internal amplification control for detection of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica in fresh fruit and vegetables. | to provide with a quick method for qualitative detection, in less than three days, of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in fresh fruit and vegetables. | 2009 | 19413765 |
| a genetic analysis of in vivo selenate reduction by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 and escherichia coli k12. | the twin-arginine transport (tat) system is dedicated to the translocation of folded proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. proteins are targeted to the tat system by signal peptides containing a twin-arginine motif. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli many tat substrates are known or predicted to bind a molybdenum cofactor in the cytoplasm prior to export. in the case of n- and s-oxide reductases, co-ordination of molybdenum cofactor insertion with prote ... | 2009 | 19415239 |
| a mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium rna polymerase extracytoplasmic stress response sigma factor sigma(e) with altered promoter specificity. | the alternative sigma factor sigma(e) is critical for envelope stress response and plays a role in pathogenicity of a variety of different bacteria. we previously identified several critical nucleotides in the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) sigma(e)-dependent rpoep3 promoter that corresponded to the most conserved nucleotides in the sigma(e) consensus sequence of the -10 and -35 promoter elements. in the present study, we exploited a previously established escherichia c ... | 2009 | 19415331 |
| comparison of genetic and physiological properties of salmonella enterica isolates from chickens reveals one major difference between serovar kentucky and other serovars: response to acid. | for unknown reasons, salmonella enterica kentucky has become the serovar most frequently isolated from chickens and chicken carcasses in the united states. in an attempt to identify traits that may underlie this phenomenon, genetic and physiological features of 30 serovar kentucky chicken isolates were compared with those of chicken isolates belonging to a range of other s. enterica serovars. most of the well-known salmonella virulence genes were detected in the serovar kentucky isolates by pcr, ... | 2009 | 19415975 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi live vector vaccines finally come of age. | attenuated salmonella typhi vaccine strains hold great promise as live vectors for presentation of foreign antigens from unrelated bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens to the immune system. although this approach has proved quite successful in experimental animal models for eliciting antigen-specific mucosal, humoral and cellular responses, results have been disappointing for clinical trials carried out thus far. we hypothesize that the paucity of human responses to foreign antigens delivere ... | 2009 | 19417771 |
| the structure of a cytolytic alpha-helical toxin pore reveals its assembly mechanism. | pore-forming toxins (pfts) are a class of potent virulence factors that convert from a soluble form to a membrane-integrated pore. they exhibit their toxic effect either by destruction of the membrane permeability barrier or by delivery of toxic components through the pores. among the group of bacterial pfts are some of the most dangerous toxins, such as diphtheria and anthrax toxin. examples of eukaryotic pfts are perforin and the membrane-attack complex, proteins of the immune system. pfts can ... | 2009 | 19421192 |
| effects of static magnetic field on cell growth, viability, and differential gene expression in salmonella. | in the present study, we investigated the effect of exposure to a static magnetic field (smf) on cell growth, viability, and gene expression of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar. our results indicated that smf exposure (200 mt, 13 hours) failed to alter cellular growth but induced a decrease of colony-forming units (cfu) between 3 and 6 hours followed by an increase from 6 to 9 hours. the analysis of the differential expression of rpoa, dnak, katn, and 16s rrna genes under smf ex ... | 2009 | 19422305 |
| analysis of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles in salmonella serovars associated with tropical seafood of india. | a total of 256 salmonella strains consisting of 29 salmonella serovars isolated from seafood of cochin (india) were analyzed for resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in human and veterinary medicines as therapeutic agents. the 10 most predominant salmonella serovars in seafood were also characterized for presence of plasmids using the alkaline lysis method. antimicrobial susceptibility studies highlighted a comparatively high resistance in salmonella isolates to sulfamethizol and carbenici ... | 2009 | 19422307 |
| serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of human gastrointestinal isolates of salmonella enterica from crete, greece. | 2009 | 19423479 | |
| conjugative transfer of plasmid-located antibiotic resistance genes within the gastrointestinal tract of lesser mealworm larvae, alphitobius diaperinus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | the frequency of conjugative transfer of antimicrobial resistance plasmids between bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract of lesser mealworm larvae, a prevalent pest in poultry production facilities, was determined. lesser mealworm larvae were exposed to a negative bacterial control, a donor salmonella enterica serotype newport strain, a recipient escherichia coli, or both donor and recipient to examine horizontal gene transfer of plasmids. horizontal gene transfer was validated post externa ... | 2009 | 19425825 |
| sanitation of faeces from source-separating dry toilets using urea. | to develop a reliable and simple method to produce safe fertilizers from human excreta using urea for sanitation of faeces. | 2009 | 19426280 |
| identifying promoter features of co-regulated genes with similar network motifs. | a large amount of computational and experimental work has been devoted to uncovering network motifs in gene regulatory networks. the leading hypothesis is that evolutionary processes independently selected recurrent architectural relationships among regulators and target genes (motifs) to produce characteristic expression patterns of its members. however, even with the same architecture, the genes may still be differentially expressed. therefore, to define fully the expression of a group of gene ... | 2009 | 19426448 |
| effect of expression level on immune responses to recombinant oral salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccines. | live, attenuated salmonella has been used to express heterologous antigens for development of oral vaccines. often, expression must be regulated because of deleterious effects on the salmonella vector. the effect of varying expression levels on immune response parameters has not been well defined. in this study we introduced mutations in the -10 region of the trc promoter in the expression plasmid to generate series of vaccine strains with different levels of expression of a model antigen, the h ... | 2009 | 19428883 |
| sopb of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a potential dna vaccine candidate in conjugation with live attenuated bacteria. | the immune response against salmonella is multi-faceted involving both the innate and the adaptive immune system. the characterization of specific salmonella antigens inducing immune response could critically contribute to the development of epitope based vaccines for salmonella. we have tried to identify a protective t cell epitope(s) of salmonella, as cell mediated immunity conferred by cd8+ t cells is the most crucial subset conferring protective immunity against salmonella. it being a proven ... | 2009 | 19428891 |
| potential role for the 4,12 antigen in the prevalence of clonal salmonella serovars in poultry. | 2009 | 19429568 | |
| isolation of salmonella typhimurium from dead blue and gold macaws (ara ararauna). | two blue and gold macaw (ara ararauna) chicks died of fatal salmonellosis in buenos aires province, argentina. the birds were histopathologically and microbiologically examined. salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium was isolated from the liver, spleen, heart, lung, kidney, and intestine of both birds. all strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, tetracycline, nitrofu ... | 2009 | 19432017 |
| salmonella enterica outbreak in a banqueting hall in jerusalem: the unseen hand of the epidemiological triangle? | foodborne salmonella enterica outbreaks constitute both a threat to public health and an economic burden worldwide. | 2009 | 19432037 |
| drug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt 120: use of pfge and mlva in a putative international outbreak investigation. | isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium belonging to definitive phage type (dt) 120 (salmonella typhimurium dt 120) from simultaneous outbreaks of infection in the england and denmark have been compared on the basis of antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). isolates from england had the resistance profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline), mlva profiles 2-4-4-0-2, 2-4-5-0-2, ... | 2009 | 19432517 |
| perturbation of the small intestine microbial ecology by streptomycin alters pathology in a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium murine model of infection. | the small intestine is an important site of infection for many enteric bacterial pathogens, and murine models, including the streptomycin-treated mouse model of infection, are frequently used to study these infections. the environment of the mouse small intestine and the microbiota with which enteric pathogens are likely to interact, however, have not been well described. therefore, we compared the microbiota and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (scfas) present in the ileum and cecu ... | 2009 | 19433544 |
| internalization of salmonella enterica serovar montevideo into greenhouse tomato plants through contaminated irrigation water or seed stock. | tomatoes have been linked to outbreaks of salmonellosis, demonstrating the need to identify sources of contamination. objectives of this study included determining the ability for salmonella enterica serovar montevideo to be internalized into tomatoes from contaminated irrigation water and seed stock, and establishing whether salmonella montevideo can survive in fertilizer solutions. six treatment groups (five plants per group) were irrigated with 350 ml of 7 log cfu/ml of salmonella montevideo ... | 2009 | 19435236 |
| characterization of mgtc, a virulence factor of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the mgtc is a virulence factor in salmonella typhimurium that is required for growth at low-mg2+ concentrations and intramacrophage survival. this gene is codified in a conserved region of the salmonella pathogenicity island 3 (spi-3), and is also present in the chromosome of other salmonella serovars. in this study we characterized the mgtc factor in s. typhi, a human specific pathogen, by using mgtc and spi-3 mutant strains. we found that mgtc is the most important factor codified in the spi-3 ... | 2009 | 19436747 |
| scamp3 is a component of the salmonella-induced tubular network and reveals an interaction between bacterial effectors and post-golgi trafficking. | salmonella enterica are facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that proliferate within host cells in a membrane-bounded compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv). intracellular replication of salmonella is mediated by bacterial effectors translocated on to the cytoplasmic face of the scv membrane by a type iii secretion system. some of these effectors manipulate the host endocytic pathway, resulting in the formation in epithelial cells of tubules enriched in late endosomal mark ... | 2009 | 19438519 |
| [characterization of attenuated salmonella c500 strain with a delta asd mutant and use as an asd+ balanced-lethal host-vector system]. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strain c500 is a live, attenuated vaccine that has been used in china for over 40 years to prevent piglet paratyphoid. the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of attenuated salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis c500 strain with a delta asd mutant as an effective live vaccine vector by the asd+ balanced-lethal host-vector system. here, we compared the characteristics of s. enterica serovar choleraesuis delta asdc500 strain with the par ... | 2009 | 19441223 |
| detection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with puo-stvr2-like virulence-resistance hybrid plasmids in the united kingdom. | the aim of this study was to investigate the presence in the united kingdom (uk) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates carrying puo-stvr2-like virulence-resistance hybrid plasmids that originated from pslt. one hundred and fifty ampicillin-resistant isolates of s. typhimurium, collected in different regions of the uk during 2006, were screened for the presence of bla (oxa-1) carried by an inh-like integron (2000 bp/bla (oxa-1)-aada1) characteristic of puo-stvr2. positive isolates w ... | 2009 | 19444492 |
| non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and its' association with severe immunosuppression. | non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) is increasingly recognized as an important pathogen associated with bacteraemia especially in immunosuppressed patients. however, there is limited data specifically describing the clinical characteristics and outcome amongst the immunosuppressed patients. | 2009 | 19445730 |
| salmonella typhimurium: insight into the multi-faceted role of the lysr-type transcriptional regulators in salmonella. | the lysr-type transcriptional regulators (lttrs) are widely distributed in various genera of prokaryotes. lttrs are dna binding proteins that can positively or negatively regulate target gene expression and can also repress their own transcription. salmonella enterica comprises a group of gram-negative bacteria capable of causing clinical syndromes that range from self-limiting diarrhoea to severe fibrinopurulent necrotizing enteritis and life threatening systemic disease. the survival and repli ... | 2009 | 19447191 |
| redundant hydrogen peroxide scavengers contribute to salmonella virulence and oxidative stress resistance. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an intracellular pathogen that can survive and replicate within macrophages. one of the host defense mechanisms that salmonella encounters during infection is the production of reactive oxygen species by the phagocyte nadph oxidase. among them, hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) can diffuse across bacterial membranes and damage biomolecules. genome analysis allowed us to identify five genes encoding h(2)o(2) degrading enzymes: three catalases (kate, katg, and ... | 2009 | 19447905 |
| rapid detection of salmonella in milk by combined immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction assay. | during the past few years, milk has presented a risk of salmonella contamination; it has been implicated as the cause in several outbreaks of salmonellosis. because conventional detection methods require 5 to 7 d for completion and involve several subcultivation stages followed by biochemical and serological tests, rapid and sensitive methods have been sought, mainly at the dna level. therefore, a study including milk samples was conducted to evaluate the performance of a combination of 2 techni ... | 2009 | 19447970 |
| effect of analgesics and their derivatives on antibiotic resistance of environmental microbes. | this research is a preliminary study conducted to determine the effects of aspirin (acetyl-salicylic acid) and salicylic acid (analgesics and their derivatives) on the antibiotic resistance of ammonia oxidizing bacterium (aob) (a non-pathogenic environmental microbe) cultured from the texas tech university-water recovery system that treats a space related wastewater for nasa. the effect of salicylic acid was investigated by obtaining the minimal inhibition concentration (mic) of antibiotics (amo ... | 2009 | 19448319 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced internalization and il-8 expression in hela cells does not have a direct relationship with intracellular ca(2+) levels. | the invasion-associated type iii secretion system (t3ss-1) of s. typhimurium is required to initiate and sustain an acute inflammatory response in the intestine. we investigated the relationship of s. typhimurium t3ss-1-induced il-8 expression and invasion with intracellular ca(2+) mobilization in hela cells. compared to the sipasopabde2 mutant, strains carrying a mutation in sipa, or mutations in sopabde2 induced higher levels of il-8 and greater bacterial internalization despite the fact that ... | 2009 | 19450704 |
| the capsule-encoding viab locus reduces intestinal inflammation by a salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent mechanism. | salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium elicits acute neutrophil influx in the human intestinal mucosa within 1 or 2 days after infection, resulting in inflammatory diarrhea. in contrast, no overt symptoms are observed within the first 1 or 2 weeks after infection with s. enterica serotype typhi. here we show that introduction of the capsule-encoding viab locus of serotype typhi reduced the ability of serotype typhimurium to elicit acute intestinal inflammation in a streptomycin-pretreated mous ... | 2009 | 19451244 |
| first report of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrs1 in an escherichia coli strain of animal origin in italy. | a qnrs1-positive strain of escherichia coli was detected among 73 poultry isolates showing ciprofloxacin mics of > or =0.125 microg/ml. the qnrs1 gene was associated with a tn3-like transposon, as previously described to occur in a salmonella enterica serovar infantis strain of animal origin, but the plasmid scaffold carrying this element resembled that of a plasmid previously identified in salmonella enterica serovar dublin. these elements suggest genetic exchanges among salmonella and e. coli ... | 2009 | 19451298 |
| nitric oxide-induced membrane tubulovesicular extensions (cytonemes) of human neutrophils catch and hold salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium at a distance from the cell surface. | nitric oxide (no) plays an important role in host defense against bacterial infections such as salmonellosis. no and 4-bromophenacyl bromide (bpb) induce the formation of long tubulovesicular extensions (tve, cytonemes, membrane tethers) from human neutrophils. these tve serve as cellular sensory and adhesive organelles. in the present study, we demonstrated that in the presence of the no donor, diethylamine nonoate or bpb human neutrophils bound and aggregated salmonella enterica serovar typhim ... | 2009 | 19453754 |
| host-specificity of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: insights from comparative genomics. | in this study, we have identified the possible genetic factors responsible for fowl-adaptation of salmonella entericaserovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum). by comparing the genes related to salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) of s. gallinarum with those of salmonella entericaserovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) we have identified twenty-four positively selected genes. our results suggest that the genes encoding the structural components of spi-2 encoded type three secretion apparatus (ttss) and ... | 2009 | 19454277 |
| a precious metal heist. | nearly all bacterial pathogens require iron to successfully infect their vertebrate hosts. the host molecule lipocalin-2 exploits this by sequestering bacterial siderophores as a mechanism of protection against infection. raffatellu et al. (2009) show that salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium circumvents this through the production of the modified siderophore salmochelin. | 2009 | 19454345 |
| lipocalin-2 resistance confers an advantage to salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium for growth and survival in the inflamed intestine. | in response to enteric pathogens, the inflamed intestine produces antimicrobial proteins, a process mediated by the cytokines il-17 and il-22. salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium thrives in the inflamed intestinal environment, suggesting that the pathogen is resistant to antimicrobials it encounters in the intestinal lumen. however, the identity of these antimicrobials and corresponding bacterial resistance mechanisms remain unknown. here, we report that enteric infection of rhesus macaques ... | 2009 | 19454351 |
| survival of enteric bacteria and coliphage ms2 in pure human urine. | the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, enterococcus faecalis and coliphage ms2 was studied in stored, fresh and diluted (1 : 1) human urine at 15 and 30 degrees c. | 2009 | 19457041 |
| antimicrobial activity of enterococcus faecium ef 55 against salmonella enteritidis in chicks. | the protective effect of enterococcus faecium ef 55 against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (se pt4) was studied in 1-day-old chicks. the ef 55 strain (isolated and characterised by the authors earlier) was applied daily (1.10(9) cfu/0.2 ml pbs) for 7 days. oral inoculation of the se pt4 strain was performed on day 8 in a single dose of 5.10(8) cfu/0.2 ml pbs. the experiment lasted for 21 days. samples were collected on day 1 of the experiment to verify the absence of salmon ... | 2009 | 19457770 |
| a yeast-based genetic screen for identification of pathogenic salmonella proteins. | salmonella uses type iii secretion systems (ttss) to deliver pathogenic proteins into the host cells. these translocated effectors induce bacterial internalization and intracellular proliferation by targeting important cellular processes that are conserved among eukaryotes. here, we assessed the feasibility of performing a genetic screen in yeast to identify novel salmonella effectors, by searching for genes that produce toxicity when expressed in this model system. we identified several known t ... | 2009 | 19459960 |
| molecular typing methodologies for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigations of gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens. | gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens are a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. the ability to carry out epidemiological investigations to determine the primary sources of bacterial contamination is important to improve public health. multiple methods are available for bacterial source tracking and to determine the distribution of pathogens isolated from sick patients. the molecular based typing methods available fall into three general categories: those based on restriction analys ... | 2009 | 19460308 |
| soxs regulates the expression of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ompw gene. | ompw of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has been described as a minor porin involved in osmoregulation, and is also affected by environmental conditions. biochemical and genetic evidence from our laboratory indicates that ompw is involved in efflux of and resistance towards paraquat (pq), and its expression has been shown to be activated in response to oxidative stress. in this study we have explored ompw expression in response to pq. primer extension and transcriptional fusions showed t ... | 2009 | 19460824 |
| structure of o-antigen and functional characterization of o-antigen gene cluster of salmonella enterica o47 containing ribitol phosphate and 2-acetimidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-l-galactose. | an o-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella enterica o47 and studied by sugar analysis along with one- and two-dimensional 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy. the following structure of the linear ribitol phosphate-containing repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide was established: -->2)-d-ribitol-5-p-(o-->6)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-alpha-l-fucpnam-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->, where fucnam stands for 2-acetimidoylamino-2,6-dideoxy-l-galactose. about 1 ... | 2009 | 19463095 |
| flow cytometric analysis of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium inactivated with supercritical carbon dioxide. | non-thermal processes for the effective sterilization and inactivation of microorganisms are currently receiving a great deal of attention in food, pharmaceutical and other relevant industries. supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-co(2)) treatment is an alternative method of microbial inactivation that can be safely used in foods and bioactive materials at relatively low temperatures. however, to date, the inactivation of microbial cells by treatment with sc-co(2) has only been evaluated using a con ... | 2009 | 19463861 |
| evaluation of salmonella live vaccines with chromosomal expression cassettes for translocated fusion proteins. | salmonella enterica is a versatile live carrier for the presentation of recombinant vaccine antigens. fusion proteins of a type iii secretion system effector and heterologous vaccine antigens can be translocated by live attenuated salmonella strains and mediate protective immunity against infections. here we investigated the use expression cassettes for translocated fusion protein consisting of effector ssef and antigens of listeria monocytogenes after stable integration into the salmonella chro ... | 2009 | 19464562 |
| the single substitution i259t, conserved in the plasminogen activator pla of pandemic yersinia pestis branches, enhances fibrinolytic activity. | the outer membrane plasminogen activator pla of yersinia pestis is a central virulence factor in plague. the primary structure of the pla beta-barrel is conserved in y. pestis biovars antiqua, medievalis, and orientalis, which are associated with pandemics of plague. the pla molecule of the ancestral y. pestis lineages microtus and angola carries the single amino acid change t259i located in surface loop 5 of the beta-barrel. recombinant y. pestis kim d34 or escherichia coli xl1 expressing pla t ... | 2009 | 19465664 |