Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ferrets exclusively synthesize neu5ac and express naturally humanized influenza a virus receptors. | mammals express the sialic acids n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) and n-glycolylneuraminic acid (neu5gc) on cell surfaces, where they act as receptors for pathogens, including influenza a virus (iav). neu5gc is synthesized from neu5ac by the enzyme cytidine monophosphate-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (cmah). in humans, this enzyme is inactive and only neu5ac is produced. ferrets are susceptible to human-adapted iav strains and have been the dominant animal model for iav studies. here we sh ... | 2014 | 25517696 |
| isolation, characterization, and functional analysis of ferret lymphatic endothelial cells. | the lymphatic endothelium (le) serves as a conduit for transport of immune cells and soluble antigens from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (lns), contributing to development of host immune responses and possibly dissemination of microbes. lymphatic endothelial cells (lecs) are major constituents of the lymphatic endothelium. these specialized cells could play important roles in initiation of host innate immune responses through sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) ... | 2015 | 25540877 |
| ferret and pig models of cystic fibrosis: prospects and promise for gene therapy. | large animal models of genetic diseases are rapidly becoming integral to biomedical research as technologies to manipulate the mammalian genome improve. the creation of cystic fibrosis (cf) ferrets and pigs is an example of such progress in animal modeling, with the disease phenotypes in the ferret and pig models more reflective of human cf disease than mouse models. the ferret and pig cf models also provide unique opportunities to develop and assess the effectiveness of gene and cell therapies ... | 2014 | 25549055 |
| pathogenesis of infection with 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in isogenic guinea pigs after intranasal or intratracheal inoculation. | to elucidate the pathogenesis and transmission of influenza virus, the ferret model is typically used. to investigate protective immune responses, the use of inbred mouse strains has proven invaluable. here, we describe a study with isogenic guinea pigs, which would uniquely combine the advantages of the mouse and ferret models for influenza virus infection. strain 2 isogenic guinea pigs were inoculated with h1n1pdm09 influenza virus a/netherlands/602/09 by the intranasal or intratracheal route. ... | 2015 | 25555619 |
| rhythmic 3-4hz discharge is insufficient to produce cortical bold fmri decreases in generalized seizures. | absence seizures are transient episodes of impaired consciousness accompanied by 3-4 hz spike-wave discharge on electroencephalography (eeg). human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) studies have demonstrated widespread cortical decreases in the blood oxygen-level dependent (bold) signal that may play an important role in the pathophysiology of these seizures. animal models could provide an opportunity to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of these changes, however they have so far ... | 2015 | 25562830 |
| characterization of an h9n2 avian influenza virus from a fringilla montifringilla brambling in northern china. | avian h9n2 influenza viruses circulating in domestic poultry populations are occasionally transmitted to humans. we report the genomic characterization of an h9n2 avian influenza virus (a/brambling/beijing/16/2012) first isolated from a healthy fringilla montifringilla brambling in northern china in 2012. phylogenetic analyses revealed that this h9n2 virus belongs to the bj/94-like sublineage. this virus had a low pathogenicity for chickens and was able to replicate at a low level in mouse lung ... | 2015 | 25569456 |
| chf6001 ii: a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, suitable for topical pulmonary administration--in vivo preclinical pharmacology profile defines a potent anti-inflammatory compound with a wide therapeutic window. | chf6001 [(s)-3,5-dichloro-4-(2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(methylsulfonamido)benzoyloxy)ethyl)pyridine 1-oxide] is a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (pde4) inhibitor designed for use in pulmonary diseases by inhaled administration. intratracheal administration of chf6001 to ovalbumin-sensitized brown-norway rats suppressed the antigen-induced decline of lung functions (ed50 = 0.1 µmol/kg) and antigen-induced eosinophilia (ed50 = 0.03 µmol/kg) when ad ... | 2015 | 25576073 |
| complementary adaptive processes contribute to the developmental plasticity of spatial hearing. | spatial hearing evolved independently in mammals and birds and is thought to adapt to altered developmental input in different ways. we found, however, that ferrets possess multiple forms of plasticity that are expressed according to which spatial cues are available, suggesting that the basis for adaptation may be similar across species. our results also provide insight into the way sound source location is represented by populations of cortical neurons. | 2015 | 25581359 |
| generation of a transgenic mouse model of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and disease. | the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov) in the middle east since 2012 has caused more than 900 human infections with ∼40% mortality to date. animal models are needed for studying pathogenesis and for development of preventive and therapeutic agents against mers-cov infection. nonhuman primates (rhesus macaques and marmosets) are expensive models of limited availability. although a mouse lung infection model has been described using adenovirus vectors expressing h ... | 2015 | 25589660 |
| loss of cftr function leads to pancreatic destruction in larval zebrafish. | the development and function of many internal organs requires precisely regulated fluid secretion. a key regulator of vertebrate fluid secretion is an anion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr). loss of cftr function leads to defects in fluid transport and cystic fibrosis (cf), a complex disease characterized by a loss of fluid secretion and mucus buildup in many organs including the lungs, liver, and pancreas. several animal models including mouse, ferret and ... | 2015 | 25592226 |
| natural a(h1n1)pdm09 influenza virus infection case in a pet ferret in taiwan. | ferrets have demonstrated high susceptibility to the influenza virus. this study discusses a natural 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) (a(h1n1)pdm09) virus infection in a pet ferret (mustela putorius furo) identified in taiwan in 2013. the ferret was in close contact with family members who had recently experienced an influenza-like illness (ili). the ferret nasal swab showed positive results for influenza a virus using one-step rt-pcr. the virus was isolated and the phylogenetic analysis indicat ... | 2014 | 25597188 |
| the development of cortical circuits for motion discrimination. | stimulus discrimination depends on the selectivity and variability of neural responses, as well as the size and correlation structure of the responsive population. for direction discrimination in visual cortex, only the selectivity of neurons has been well characterized across development. here we show in ferrets that at eye opening, the cortical response to visual stimulation exhibits several immaturities, including a high density of active neurons that display prominent wave-like activity, a h ... | 2015 | 25599224 |
| identification of amino acid substitutions supporting antigenic change of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. | the majority of currently circulating influenza a(h1n1) viruses are antigenically similar to the virus that caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. however, antigenic variants are expected to emerge as population immunity increases. amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin protein can result in escape from neutralizing antibodies, affect viral fitness, and change receptor preference. in this study, we constructed mutants with substitutions in the hemagglutinin of a/netherlands/602/09 in an atte ... | 2015 | 25609810 |
| reply to "studies on influenza virus transmission between ferrets: the public health risks revisited". | 2015 | 25616376 | |
| studies on influenza virus transmission between ferrets: the public health risks revisited. | 2015 | 25616377 | |
| evaluation of a ferret-specific formula for determining body surface area to improve chemotherapeutic dosing. | to use ct-derived measurements to create a ferret-specific formula for body surface area (bsa) to improve chemotherapeutic dosing. | 2015 | 25629911 |
| constant rate infusion of glucagon as an emergency treatment for hypoglycemia in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 3-year-old female domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) with an insulinoma was treated because of a hypoglycemic crisis prior to scheduled pancreatectomy with concurrent nodulectomy. | 2015 | 25632820 |
| auditory and visual interactions between the superior and inferior colliculi in the ferret. | the integration of visual and auditory spatial information is important for building an accurate perception of the external world, but the fundamental mechanisms governing such audiovisual interaction have only partially been resolved. the earliest interface between auditory and visual processing pathways is in the midbrain, where the superior (sc) and inferior colliculi (ic) are reciprocally connected in an audiovisual loop. here, we investigate the mechanisms of audiovisual interaction in the ... | 2015 | 25645363 |
| histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of chordoma in ferrets. | chordomas of the tip of the tail in 6 ferrets were examined using histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures. histopathologically, round neoplastic cells containing numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles of varying sizes, categorized as "physaliphorous cells", were observed in the amorphous eosinophilic or pale basophilic myxoid stroma. physaliphorous cells were arranged in lobules and in a "chordoid" or "cobblestone" manner. the neoplasms were diagnosed as benign chordoma withou ... | 2015 | 25648567 |
| your kid could not have done that: even untutored observers can discern intentionality and structure in abstract expressionist art. | can people with no special knowledge about art detect the skill, intentionality, and expressed meanings in non-representational art? hawley-dolan and winner (2011) showed participants without training in art images of abstract expressionist paintings paired with superficially similar works by children or animals and asked them which they preferred and which was a better work of art. participants selected the works by artists in response to both questions at a rate above chance. in study 1, we us ... | 2015 | 25659538 |
| assessment of transmission, pathogenesis and adaptation of h2 subtype influenza viruses in ferrets. | after their disappearance from the human population in 1968, influenza h2 viruses have continued to circulate in the natural avian reservoir. the isolation of this virus subtype from multiple bird species as well as swine highlights the need to better understand the potential of these viruses to spread and cause disease in humans. here we analyzed the virulence, transmissibility and receptor-binding preference of two avian influenza h2 viruses (h2n2 and h2n3) and compared them to a swine h2n3 (a ... | 2015 | 25659818 |
| an anti-h5n1 influenza virus fcdart antibody is a highly efficacious therapeutic agent and prophylactic against h5n1 influenza virus infection. | highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses are associated with severe disease in humans and continue to be a pandemic threat. while vaccines are available, other approaches are required for patients that typically respond poorly to vaccination, such as the elderly and the immunocompromised. to produce a therapeutic agent that is highly efficacious at low doses and is broadly specific against antigenically drifted h5n1 influenza viruses, we developed two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and ... | 2015 | 25673719 |
| interkinetic nuclear migration generates and opposes ventricular-zone crowding: insight into tissue mechanics. | the neuroepithelium (ne) or ventricular zone (vz), from which multiple types of brain cells arise, is pseudostratified. in the ne/vz, neural progenitor cells are elongated along the apicobasal axis, and their nuclei assume different apicobasal positions. these nuclei move in a cell cycle-dependent manner, i.e., apicalward during g2 phase and basalward during g1 phase, a process called interkinetic nuclear migration (inm). this review will summarize and discuss several topics: the nature of the i ... | 2014 | 25674051 |
| ferret and pig models of cystic fibrosis: prospects and promise for gene therapy. | large animal models of genetic diseases are rapidly becoming integral to biomedical research as technologies to manipulate the mammalian genome improve. the creation of cystic fibrosis (cf) ferrets and pigs is an example of such progress in animal modeling, with the disease phenotypes in the ferret and pig models more reflective of human cf disease than mouse models. the ferret and pig cf models also provide unique opportunities to develop and assess the effectiveness of gene and cell therapies ... | 2015 | 25675143 |
| live attenuated influenza h7n3 vaccine is safe, immunogenic and confers protection in animal models. | in 2003 the outbreak of highly pathogenic h7 avian influenza occurred in the netherlands. the avian h7 virus causing the outbreak was also detected in humans; one person died of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. our paper describes preclinical studies of a h7n3 live attenuated influenza a vaccine (laiv) candidate in various animal models. | 2014 | 25685247 |
| characterization of a large cluster of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses cross-resistant to oseltamivir and peramivir during the 2013-2014 influenza season in japan. | between september 2013 and july 2014, 2,482 influenza 2009 pandemic a(h1n1) [a(h1n1)pdm09] viruses were screened in japan for the h275y substitution in their neuraminidase (na) protein, which confers cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir. we found that a large cluster of the h275y mutant virus was present prior to the main influenza season in sapporo /: hokkaido, with the detection rate for this mutant virus reaching 29% in this area. phylogenetic analysis suggested the clonal expansion ... | 2015 | 25691635 |
| new reassortant and enzootic european swine influenza viruses transmit efficiently through direct contact in the ferret model. | the reverse zoonotic events that introduced the 2009 pandemic influenza virus into pigs have drastically increased the diversity of swine influenza viruses in europe. the pandemic potential of these novel reassortments is still unclear, necessitating enhanced surveillance of european pigs with additional focus on risk assessment of these new viruses. in this study, four european swine influenza viruses were assessed for their zoonotic potential. two of the four viruses were enzootic viruses of s ... | 2015 | 25701826 |
| optimization of an enzyme-linked lectin assay suitable for rapid antigenic characterization of the neuraminidase of human influenza a(h3n2) viruses. | antibodies to neuraminidase (na), the second most abundant surface protein of the influenza virus, contribute to protection against influenza virus infection. although traditional and miniaturized thiobarbituric acid (tba) neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assays have been successfully used to characterize the antigenic properties of na, these methods are cumbersome and not easily amendable to rapid screening. an additional difficulty of the ni assay is the interference by hemagglutinin (ha)-specifi ... | 2015 | 25712563 |
| impact of adjuvants on the immunogenicity and efficacy of split-virion h7n9 vaccine in ferrets. | an effective vaccine is urgently needed against the h7n9 avian influenza virus. we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a split-virion h7n9 vaccine with or without the oil-in-water adjuvants in ferrets. | 2015 | 25712975 |
| pb2 segment promotes high-pathogenicity of h5n1 avian influenza viruses in mice. | h5n1 influenza viruses with high lethality are a continuing threat to humans and poultry. recently, h5n1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (hpaiv) has been shown to transmit through aerosols between ferrets in lab experiments by acquiring some mutation. this is another deeply aggravated threat of h5n1 hpaiv to humans. to further explore the molecular determinant of h5n1 hpaiv virulence in a mammalian model, we compared the virulence of a/duck/guangdong/212/2004 (dk212) and a/quail/guangdo ... | 2015 | 25713566 |
| intranasal vaccination with a plant-derived h5 ha vaccine protects mice and ferrets against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge. | highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 infection remains a public health threat and vaccination is the best measure of limiting the impact of a potential pandemic. mucosal vaccines have the advantage of eliciting immune responses at the site of viral entry, thereby preventing infection as well as further viral transmission. in this study, we assessed the protective efficacy of hemagglutinin (ha) from the a/indonesia/05/05 (h5n1) strain of influenza virus that was produced by transient expression ... | 2015 | 25714901 |
| single-unit analysis of somatosensory processing in the core auditory cortex of hearing ferrets. | the recent findings in several species that the primary auditory cortex processes non-auditory information have largely overlooked the possibility of somatosensory effects. therefore, the present investigation examined the core auditory cortices (anterior auditory field and primary auditory cortex) for tactile responsivity. multiple single-unit recordings from anesthetised ferret cortex yielded histologically verified neurons (n = 311) tested with electronically controlled auditory, visual and t ... | 2015 | 25728185 |
| pyogranulomatous panniculitis in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with intralesional demonstration of pseudomonas luteola. | one ferret (mustela putorius furo) from finland and two ferrets from austria, aged 1-4.5 years and of both genders, were presented with pyogranulomatous subcutaneous inflammation affecting the inguinal, preputial and femoral regions, respectively. histologically, microorganisms were detected within the lesions. the organisms had a capsule that stained positively by the periodic acid-schiff reaction. pseudomonas spp. were cultured from the lesions in two cases. in the third case, electron microsc ... | 2015 | 25728813 |
| single-cell analysis reveals transcriptional heterogeneity of neural progenitors in human cortex. | the human cerebral cortex depends for its normal development and size on a precisely controlled balance between self-renewal and differentiation of diverse neural progenitor cells. specialized progenitors that are common in humans but virtually absent in rodents, called outer radial glia (org), have been suggested to be crucial to the evolutionary expansion of the human cortex. we combined progenitor subtype-specific sorting with transcriptome-wide rna sequencing to identify genes enriched in hu ... | 2015 | 25734491 |
| a novel video tracking method to evaluate the effect of influenza infection and antiviral treatment on ferret activity. | ferrets are the preferred animal model to assess influenza virus infection, virulence and transmission as they display similar clinical symptoms and pathogenesis to those of humans. measures of disease severity in the ferret include weight loss, temperature rise, sneezing, viral shedding and reduced activity. to date, the only available method for activity measurement has been the assignment of an arbitrary score by a 'blind' observer based on pre-defined responsiveness scale. this manual scorin ... | 2015 | 25738900 |
| neuraminidase mutations conferring resistance to oseltamivir in influenza a(h7n9) viruses. | human infections by avian influenza a(h7n9) virus entail substantial morbidity and mortality. treatment of infected patients with the neuraminidase (na) inhibitor oseltamivir was associated with emergence of viruses carrying na substitutions. in the na inhibition (ni) assay, r292k conferred highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir, while e119v and i222k each caused reduced inhibition. to facilitate establishment of laboratory correlates of clinically relevant resistance, experiments were conduct ... | 2015 | 25740997 |
| characterization of two novel linear b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) that are common to avian, swine, and human hevs. | antisera raised against the avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein are cross-reactive with human and swine hev capsid proteins. in this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the avian hev capsid protein, namely, 3e8 and 1b5, were shown to cross-react with the swine hev capsid protein. the motifs involved in binding both mabs were identified and characterized using phage display biopanning, peptide synthesis, and truncated or mutated protein expression, along with indirect enzyme- ... | 2015 | 25741007 |
| visualizing real-time influenza virus infection, transmission and protection in ferrets. | influenza transmission efficiency in ferrets is vital for risk-assessment studies. however, the inability to monitor viral infection and transmission dynamics in real time only provides a glimpse into transmissibility. here we exploit a replication-competent influenza reporter virus to investigate dynamics of infection/transmission in ferrets. bioluminescent imaging of ferrets infected with a/california/04/2009 h1n1 virus (ca/09) encoding nanoluc (nluc) luciferase provides the first real-time sn ... | 2015 | 25744559 |
| the use of nonhuman primates in research on seasonal, pandemic and avian influenza, 1893-2014. | attempts to reproduce the features of human influenza in laboratory animals date from the early 1890s, when richard pfeiffer inoculated apes with bacteria recovered from influenza patients and produced a mild respiratory illness. numerous studies employing nonhuman primates (nhps) were performed during the 1918 pandemic and the following decade. most used bacterial preparations to infect animals, but some sought a filterable agent for the disease. since the viral etiology of influenza was establ ... | 2015 | 25746173 |
| vector optimization and needle-free intradermal application of a broadly protective polyvalent influenza a dna vaccine for pigs and humans. | the threat posed by the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus emphasized the need for new influenza a virus vaccines inducing a broad cross-protective immune response for use in both humans and pigs. an effective and broad influenza vaccine for pigs would greatly benefit the pork industry and contribute to public health by diminishing the risk of emerging highly pathogenic reassortants. current inactivated protein vaccines against swine influenza produce only short-lived immunity and have no efficacy against ... | 2015 | 25746201 |
| histologic examination of teeth with necrotic pulps and periapical lesions treated with 2 scaffolds: an animal investigation. | traditional pulp regeneration procedures that use a blood clot as a scaffold have produced histologic evidence of bone, cementum, and connective tissue growth within the root. platelet-rich plasma (prp) is a bioactive scaffold containing growth factors that enhance wound healing. | 2015 | 25749255 |
| origin, evolution, and virulence of porcine deltacoronaviruses in the united states. | a novel porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcv) was first discovered in ohio and indiana in february 2014, rapidly spread to other states in the united states and canada, and caused significant economic loss in the swine industry. the origin and virulence of this novel porcine coronavirus are not known. here, we characterized u.s. pdcv isolates and determined their virulence in gnotobiotic and conventional piglets. genome analyses revealed that u.s. pdcv isolates possess unique genetic characteristics a ... | 2015 | 25759498 |
| optimization of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated expression for large transgenes, using a synthetic promoter and tandem array enhancers. | the packaging capacity of recombinant adeno-associated viral (raav) vectors limits the size of the promoter that can be used to express the 4.43-kb cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) cdna. to circumvent this limitation, we screened a set of 100-mer synthetic enhancer elements, composed of ten 10-bp repeats, for their ability to augment cftr transgene expression from a short 83-bp synthetic promoter in the context of an raav vector designed for use in the cystic fibrosis ( ... | 2015 | 25763813 |
| recombinant virus-like particles elicit protective immunity against avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in ferrets. | in march 2013, diagnosis of the first reported case of human infection with a novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) virus occurred in eastern china. most human cases have resulted in severe respiratory illness and, in some instances, death. currently there are no licensed vaccines against h7n9 virus, which continues to cause sporadic human infections. recombinant virus-like particles (vlps) have been previously shown to be safe and effective vaccines for influenza. in this study, we evaluated the ... | 2015 | 25772674 |
| pathogenesis of novel reassortant avian influenza virus a (h5n8) isolates in the ferret. | outbreaks of avian influenza virus h5n8 first occurred in 2014, and spread to poultry farms in korea. although there was no report of human infection by this subtype, it has the potential to threaten human public health. therefore, we evaluated the pathogenesis of h5n8 viruses in ferrets. two representative korean h5n8 strains did not induce mortality and significant respiratory signs after an intranasal challenge in ferrets. however, ferrets intratracheally infected with a/broiler duck/korea/bu ... | 2015 | 25776760 |
| [attempt to objectify of coronary vessels course variability on the standard arteriograms by using original image processing algorithm]. | the aim of paper: the analysis of standard angiograms of the left coronary artery was done in this paper in purpose of performing the uniform mathematical description of the coronary branches (both proximal and distal) course. the changes the coronary branches underwent depending the phase of cardiac cycle (diastole, isovolumic systole and tonic systole) were examined as well. the examined material consists of sequences of standard angiograms of the left coronary artery (lca) obtained from 10 pa ... | 2014 | 25782214 |
| epibatidine blocks eye-specific segregation in ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus during stage iii retinal waves. | the segregation and maintenance of eye-specific inputs in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn) during early postnatal development requires the patterned spontaneous activity of retinal waves. in contrast to the development of the mouse, ferret eye-specific segregation is not complete at the start of stage iii glutamatergic retinal waves, and the remaining overlap is limited to the c/c1 lamina of the dlgn. to investigate the role of patterned spontaneous activity in this late segregation, ... | 2015 | 25794280 |
| evaluation of mdck cell-derived influenza h7n9 vaccine candidates in ferrets. | avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) viruses emerged as human pathogens in china in early 2013 and have killed >100 persons. influenza vaccines are mainly manufactured using egg-based technology which could not meet the surging demand during influenza pandemics. in this study, we evaluated cell-based influenza h7n9 vaccines in ferrets. an egg-derived influenza h7n9 reassortant vaccine virus was adapted in mdck cells. influenza h7n9 whole virus vaccine antigen was manufactured using a microcarrier-bas ... | 2015 | 25799397 |
| coevolution of radial glial cells and the cerebral cortex. | radial glia cells play fundamental roles in the development of the cerebral cortex, acting both as the primary stem and progenitor cells, as well as the guides for neuronal migration and lamination. these critical functions of radial glia cells in cortical development have been discovered mostly during the last 15 years and, more recently, seminal studies have demonstrated the existence of a remarkable diversity of additional cortical progenitor cell types, including a variety of basal radial gl ... | 2015 | 25808466 |
| asymptomatic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in rabbits. | the ability of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) to infect small animal species may be restricted given the fact that mice, ferrets, and hamsters were shown to resist mers-cov infection. we inoculated rabbits with mers-cov. although virus was detected in the lungs, neither significant histopathological changes nor clinical symptoms were observed. infectious virus, however, was excreted from the upper respiratory tract, indicating a potential route of mers-cov transmission i ... | 2015 | 25810539 |
| pandemic swine h1n1 influenza viruses with almost undetectable neuraminidase activity are not transmitted via aerosols in ferrets and are inhibited by human mucus but not swine mucus. | a balance between the functions of the influenza virus surface proteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) is thought to be important for the transmission of viruses between humans. here we describe two pandemic h1n1 viruses, a/swine/virginia/1814-1/2012 and a/swine/virginia/1814-2/2012 (ph1n1low-1 and -2, respectively), that were isolated from swine symptomatic for influenza. the enzymatic activity of the na of these viruses was almost undetectable, while the ha binding affinity for α2,6 ... | 2015 | 25810540 |
| ferret models of viral pathogenesis. | emerging and well-known viral diseases remain one the most important global public health threats. a better understanding of their pathogenesis and mechanisms of transmission requires animal models that accurately reproduce these aspects of the disease. here we review the role of ferrets as an animal model for the pathogenesis of different respiratory viruses with an emphasis on influenza and paramyxoviruses. we will describe the anatomic and physiologic characteristics that contribute to the na ... | 2015 | 25816764 |
| retrocaval ureter in a ferret. | 2015 | 25819617 | |
| awake vs. anesthetized: layer-specific sensory processing in visual cortex and functional connectivity between cortical areas. | during general anesthesia, global brain activity and behavioral state are profoundly altered. yet it remains mostly unknown how anesthetics alter sensory processing across cortical layers and modulate functional cortico-cortical connectivity. to address this gap in knowledge of the micro- and mesoscale effects of anesthetics on sensory processing in the cortical microcircuit, we recorded multiunit activity and local field potential in awake and anesthetized ferrets (mustela putoris furo) during ... | 2015 | 25833839 |
| cortico-cortical connectivity within ferret auditory cortex. | despite numerous studies of auditory cortical processing in the ferret (mustela putorius), very little is known about the connections between the different regions of the auditory cortex that have been characterized cytoarchitectonically and physiologically. we examined the distribution of retrograde and anterograde labeling after injecting tracers into one or more regions of ferret auditory cortex. injections of different tracers at frequency-matched locations in the core areas, the primary aud ... | 2015 | 25845831 |
| mammalian adaptation of influenza a(h7n9) virus is limited by a narrow genetic bottleneck. | human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus is associated mainly with the exposure to infected poultry. the factors that allow interspecies transmission but limit human-to-human transmission are unknown. here we show that a/anhui/1/2013(h7n9) influenza virus infection of chickens (natural hosts) is asymptomatic and that it generates a high genetic diversity. in contrast, diversity is tightly restricted in infected ferrets, limiting further adaptation to a fully transmissible form. airborn ... | 2015 | 25850788 |
| the repeated introduction of the h3n2 virus from human to swine during 1979-1993 in china. | limited data are available regarding the swine influenza viruses (sivs) that circulated in mainland china prior to the 1990s. eleven h3n2 virus strains were isolated from swine populations from 1979 to 1992. to determine the origin and tendency of these sivs, the phylogenetic and antigenic properties of these viruses were analyzed based on the whole genome sequenced and the hi titrations with post-infection ferret antisera against influenza a (h3n2) virus isolates of swine and human origin. the ... | 2015 | 25858119 |
| recombinant newcastle disease viral vector expressing hemagglutinin or fusion of canine distemper virus is safe and immunogenic in minks. | canine distemper virus (cdv) infects many carnivores and cause several high-mortality disease outbreaks. the current cdv live vaccine cannot be safely used in some exotic species, such as mink and ferret. here, we generated recombinant lentogenic newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota expressing either envelope glycoproyein, heamagglutinine (h) or fusion protein (f), named as rla-cdvh and rla-cdvf, respectively. the feasibility of these recombinant ndvs to serve as live virus-vectored cd vaccine w ... | 2015 | 25865465 |
| [the first report of a disseminated idiopathic myofasciitis in a ferret (mustela putorius furo) from germany]. | a 1.5 year old neutered male pet ferret (mustela putorius furo) was presented with a sudden onset of severe weakness. the ferret was kept with three healthy mates, was vaccinated against distemper regularly and was never ill before presentation. clinically, the ferret was depressed, had a hyperthermia of 40.3 degrees c, tachypnea and ocular as well as nasal discharge. blood work revealed a mild neutropenia, blood chemistry a hyperglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hy ... | 2015 | 25876287 |
| clinical response to pandemic h1n1 influenza virus from a fatal and mild case in ferrets. | the majority of pandemic 2009 h1n1 (a(h1n1)pdm09) influenza virus (iv) caused mild symptoms in most infected patients, however, a greater rate of severe disease was observed in healthy young adults and children without co-morbid conditions. the purpose of this work was to study in ferrets the dynamics of infection of two contemporary strains of human a(h1n1)pdm09 iv, one isolated from a patient showing mild disease and the other one from a fatal case. | 2015 | 25888921 |
| effect of dietary vitamin e and prey supplementation on semen quality in male black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes). | over the recent years, the captive population of the endangered black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes; ferret) has experienced a decline in normal sperm (ns) morphology (from 50% to 16%), which may be linked to inbreeding depression or it may have been a dietary change. we examined the role of dietary vitamin e, selenium (se), and vitamin a on serum levels of vitamin e, se, and vitamin a and semen quality. ferrets (n = 55 males) were randomly assigned to one of five diet treatments (n = 11 per t ... | 2015 | 25890779 |
| ferret wellness management and environmental enrichment. | the domestic ferret is a commonly kept companion animal. knowledge of proper husbandry of companion ferrets and their common disease processes by veterinarians assists pet owners in providing the healthiest environment possible. attentiveness to the environmental needs of pet ferrets results in physically and psychologically healthy animals and a positive, enriched relationship with owners. | 2015 | 25902271 |
| a single dose of an avian h3n8 influenza virus vaccine is highly immunogenic and efficacious against a recently emerged seal influenza virus in mice and ferrets. | h3n8 influenza viruses are a commonly found subtype in wild birds, usually causing mild or no disease in infected birds. however, they have crossed the species barrier and have been associated with outbreaks in dogs, pigs, donkeys, and seals and therefore pose a threat to humans. a live attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) h3n8 vaccine virus was generated by reverse genetics using the wild-type (wt) hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes from the a/blue-winged teal/texas/sg-00079/2007 (h3n8) ( ... | 2015 | 25903333 |
| discrete domains of gene expression in germinal layers distinguish the development of gyrencephaly. | gyrencephalic species develop folds in the cerebral cortex in a stereotypic manner, but the genetic mechanisms underlying this patterning process are unknown. we present a large-scale transcriptomic analysis of individual germinal layers in the developing cortex of the gyrencephalic ferret, comparing between regions prospective of fold and fissure. we find unique transcriptional signatures in each germinal compartment, where thousands of genes are differentially expressed between regions, includ ... | 2015 | 25916825 |
| pyogranulomatous panophthalmitis with systemic coronavirus disease in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 15-month-old spayed female ferret (mustela putorius furo) presented for lethargy and weight loss of 2 weeks duration. upon physical examination, a 2-mm-diameter focal area of opacity was noted in the left cornea. in addition, the ferret was quiet, in poor body condition, and dehydrated. a complete blood count and plasma biochemistry revealed a severe nonregenerative anemia, azotemia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and mild hyperphosphatemia and hyperchloremia. urinalysis revealed hyposthen ... | 2016 | 25918975 |
| monkeys and rats are not susceptible to ferret hepatitis e virus infection. | ferret hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel hepatitis e-like virus, has been identified in ferrets in the netherlands, japan, and the us. to determine whether ferret hev transmits to other animals, we inoculated laboratory rats (wistar), nude rats (long-evans-rnu/rnu), and cynomolgus monkeys with ferret hev (f4351) by intravenous injection. none of the animals demonstrated a positive sign for virus replication, indicating that rats and monkeys are not susceptible to ferret hev. | 2015 | 25925280 |
| generation of hepatitis e virus-like particles of two new genotypes g5 and g6 and comparison of antigenic properties with those of known genotypes. | in addition to the four major genotypes (g1 through g4) known for human hepatitis e virus (hev), two new genotypes (g5 and g6) were suggested, based on unique viral nucleotide sequences derived from wild boars in japan. it has been unknown whether the virus of these new genotypes can cause hepatitis in humans; neither g5 nor g6 hev has been found in patients to date. to study the antigenic properties of g5 and g6 hev, we expressed n-terminus-truncated hev orf2 protein by a recombinant baculoviru ... | 2015 | 25934534 |
| susceptibility of domestic animals to a pseudotype virus bearing rd-114 virus envelope protein. | retroviral vectors are used for gene transduction into cells and have been applied to gene therapy. retroviral vectors using envelope protein (env) of rd-114 virus, a feline endogenous retrovirus, have been used for gene transduction. in this study, we investigated the susceptibility to rd-114 env-pseudotyped virus in twelve domestic animals including cattle, sheep, horse, pig, dog, cat, ferret, mink, rabbit, rat, mouse, and quail. comparison of nucleotide sequences of asct2 (slc1a5), a receptor ... | 2015 | 25936996 |
| interval between infections and viral hierarchy are determinants of viral interference following influenza virus infection in a ferret model. | epidemiological studies suggest that, following infection with influenza virus, there is a short period during which a host experiences a lower susceptibility to infection with other influenza viruses. this viral interference appears to be independent of any antigenic similarities between the viruses. we used the ferret model of human influenza to systematically investigate viral interference. | 2015 | 25943206 |
| ferret airway epithelial cell cultures support efficient replication of influenza b virus but not mumps virus. | ferrets have become the model animal of choice for influenza pathology and transmission experiments as they are permissive and susceptible to human influenza a viruses. however, inoculation of ferrets with mumps virus (muv) did not lead to successful infections. we evaluated the use of highly differentiated ferret tracheal epithelium cell cultures, fte, for predicting the potential of ferrets to support respiratory viral infections. fte cultures supported productive replication of human influenz ... | 2015 | 25953915 |
| development of influenza a(h7n9) candidate vaccine viruses with improved hemagglutinin antigen yield in eggs. | the emergence of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in poultry causing zoonotic human infections was reported on march 31, 2013. development of a(h7n9) candidate vaccine viruses (cvv) for pandemic preparedness purposes was initiated without delay. candidate vaccine viruses were derived by reverse genetics using the internal genes of a/puerto/rico/8/34 (pr8). the resulting a(h7n9) cvvs needed improvement because they had titers and antigen yields that were suboptimal for vaccine manufacturing in eggs, ... | 2015 | 25962412 |
| s-phase duration is the main target of cell cycle regulation in neural progenitors of developing ferret neocortex. | the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex primarily reflects increases in abundance and proliferative capacity of cortical progenitors and in the length of the neurogenic period during development. cell cycle parameters of neocortical progenitors are an important determinant of cortical development. the ferret (mustela putorius furo), a gyrencephalic mammal, has gained increasing importance as a model for studying corticogenesis. here, we have studied the abundance, proliferation, and cell cyc ... | 2016 | 25963823 |
| biobanking efforts and new advances in male fertility preservation for rare and endangered species. | understanding and sustaining biodiversity is a multi-disciplinary science that benefits highly from the creation of organized and accessible collections of biomaterials (genome resource banks). large cryo-collections are invaluable tools for understanding, cataloging, and protecting the genetic diversity of the world's unique animals and plants. specifically, the systematic collection and preservation of semen from rare species has been developed significantly in recent decades with some biobank ... | 2017 | 25966625 |
| environmental conditions affect exhalation of h3n2 seasonal and variant influenza viruses and respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. | the seasonality of influenza virus infections in temperate climates and the role of environmental conditions like temperature and humidity in the transmission of influenza virus through the air are not well understood. using ferrets housed at four different environmental conditions, we evaluated the respiratory droplet transmission of two influenza viruses (a seasonal h3n2 virus and an h3n2 variant virus, the etiologic virus of a swine to human summertime infection) and concurrently characterize ... | 2015 | 25969995 |
| crossmodal integration improves sensory detection thresholds in the ferret. | during the last two decades ferrets (mustela putorius) have been established as a highly efficient animal model in different fields in neuroscience. here we asked whether ferrets integrate sensory information according to the same principles established for other species. since only few methods and protocols are available for behaving ferrets we developed a head-free, body-restrained approach allowing a standardized stimulation position and the utilization of the ferret's natural response behavi ... | 2015 | 25970327 |
| novel calicivirus from a ferret badger (melogale moschata) in china. | we describe the isolation and complete genome sequence of a new calicivirus, fbcv-jx12, isolated from a ferret badger (melogale moschata). comparison of fbcv-jx12 with other vesiviruses revealed that it shared the highest amino acid sequence identities of 71.6, 60.5, and 59.3% in the nonstructural protein, vp1, and vp2, respectively, with mcv-dl2007 (mink calicivirus). phylogenetic analysis of the whole genomic sequence showed that it clustered most closely with mcv-dl2007 of the genus vesivirus ... | 2015 | 25976558 |
| replication and transmission of mammalian-adapted h9 subtype influenza virus in pigs and quail. | influenza a virus is a major pathogen of birds, swine and humans. strains can jump between species in a process often requiring mutations and reassortment, resulting in outbreaks and, potentially, pandemics. h9n2 avian influenza is predominant in poultry across asia and occasionally infects humans and swine. pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm) is endemic in humans and swine and has a history of reassortment in pigs. previous studies have shown the compatibility of h9n2 and h1n1pdm for reassortment in ferret ... | 2015 | 25986634 |
| the role of spectral cues in timbre discrimination by ferrets and humans. | timbre distinguishes sounds of equal loudness, pitch, and duration; however, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying timbre perception. such understanding requires animal models such as the ferret in which neuronal and behavioral observation can be combined. the current study asked what spectral cues ferrets use to discriminate between synthetic vowels. ferrets were trained to discriminate vowels differing in the position of the first (f1) and second formants (f2), inter-formant d ... | 2015 | 25994714 |
| [virological characteristics of influenza a (h3n2) virus in mainland china during 2013-2014]. | to analyze the antigenic and genetic characteristics of the influenza a (h3n2) virus in mainland china during the surveillance year of 2013-2014, the antigenic characteristics of h3n2 virus were analyzed using reference ferret anti-sera. the nucleotide sequences of the viruses were determined by sanger dideoxy sequencing, phylogenetic trees were constructed with the neighbor-joining method, and the genetic characteristics of the viruses were determined in comparison to current vaccine strains. t ... | 2015 | 25997327 |
| retention time of chlorophacinone in black-tailed prairie dogs informs secondary hazards from a prairie dog rodenticide bait. | secondary toxicity in mammals and birds that consume animals containing residues of anticoagulant rodenticides represents a persistent conflict between conservation, agriculture and environmental contamination. chlorophacinone residues in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) represent a secondary exposure hazard to predatory and scavenging avian and mammalian species in the central plains of the united states, especially considering efforts to re-establish black-footed ferrets (muste ... | 2016 | 25997570 |
| sexual dimorphism of sulcal morphology of the ferret cerebrum revealed by mri-based sulcal surface morphometry. | the present study quantitatively assessed sexual dimorphism of cortical convolution and sulcal morphology in young adult ferrets by mri-based sulcal surface morphometry. ex vivo t1-weighted (short tr/te) mri of the ferret cerebrum was acquired with high spatial resolution at 7-tesla. the degree of cortical convolution, evaluated quantitatively based on 3d mri data by sulcation index (si), was significantly greater in males (0.553 ± 0.036) than in females (0.502 ± 0.043) (p < 0.001). the rostroca ... | 2015 | 25999821 |
| focused antibody response to influenza linked to antigenic drift. | the selective pressure that drives antigenic changes in influenza viruses is thought to originate from the human immune response. here, we have characterized the b cell repertoire from a previously vaccinated donor whose serum had reduced neutralizing activity against the recently evolved clade 6b h1n1pdm09 viruses. while the response was markedly polyclonal, 88% of clones failed to recognize clade 6b viruses; however, the ability to neutralize a/ussr/90/1977 influenza, to which the donor would ... | 2015 | 26011643 |
| evaluation of a dry powder delivery system for laninamivir in a ferret model of influenza infection. | laninamivir is a long-acting antiviral requiring only a single dose for the treatment of influenza infection, making it an attractive alternative to existing neuraminidase inhibitors that require multiple doses over many days. like zanamivir, laninamivir is administered to patients by inhalation of dry powder. to date, studies investigating the effectiveness of laninamivir or zanamivir in a ferret model of influenza infection have administered the drug in a solubilised form. to better mimic the ... | 2015 | 26022199 |
| animal models of adrenocortical tumorigenesis. | this comparative review highlights animal models of adrenocortical neoplasia useful either for mechanistic studies or translational research. three model species-mouse, ferret, and dog-are detailed. the relevance of each of these models to spontaneous and inherited adrenocortical tumors in humans is discussed. | 2015 | 26038202 |
| avian influenza a h5n1 virus: a continuous threat to humans. | we report the first case of severe pneumonia due to co-infection with the emerging avian influenza a (h5n1) virus subclade 2.3.2.1 and mycoplasma pneumoniae. the patient was a returning traveller who had visited a poultry market in south china. we then review the epidemiology, virology, interspecies barrier limiting poultry-to-human transmission, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and control measures of h5n1 clades that can be transmitted to humans. the recent controversy r ... | 2012 | 26038430 |
| assessing the fitness of distinct clades of influenza a (h9n2) viruses. | influenza a (h9n2) viruses are a genetically diverse population that infects wild and domestic avian species and mammals and contributed the internal gene segments to the a/h5n1 and a/h7n9 viruses associated with lethal human infections. here we comprehensively assess the potential risk to mammals of a diverse panel of a/h9n2 viruses, representing the major h9n2 clades, using a combination of in vitro assays (e.g., antiviral susceptibility and virus growth in primary differentiated human airway ... | 2013 | 26038443 |
| pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n8) virus. | the endemicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n1) viruses in asia has led to the generation of reassortant h5 strains with novel gene constellations. a newly emerged hpai a(h5n8) virus caused poultry outbreaks in the republic of korea in 2014. because newly emerging high-pathogenicity h5 viruses continue to pose public health risks, it is imperative that their pathobiological properties be examined. here, we characterized a/mallard duck/korea/w452/2014 (mdk/w452(h5n8)), a repres ... | 2014 | 26038499 |
| comparison of a ferret model with an inanimate simulator for training novices in techniques for intubating neonates. | simulators for neonatal intubation training have improved, prompting us to compare a state-of-the-art simulator with live ferrets for training novice family-medicine residents in this crucial skill. after a scripted didactic presentation, we used a crossover study design and randomly assigned residents to receive simulator or live ferret training, after which they repeated the procedure by using the opposite method. participants were asked to report their level of confidence and competence befor ... | 2015 | 26045454 |
| cerebral pyogranuloma associated with systemic coronavirus infection in a ferret. | a 2-year-old male ferret was presented with central nervous system signs. computed tomography (ct) of the brain revealed a well-defined contrast-enhancing lesion on the rostral forebrain that appeared extraparenchymal. surgical excision of the mass was performed and the ferret was euthanised during the procedure. histopathology of the excised mass showed multiple meningeal nodular lesions with infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages, occasionally centred on degenerated neutrophils and surrounded ... | 2016 | 26046449 |
| synthetic long peptide influenza vaccine containing conserved t and b cell epitopes reduces viral load in lungs of mice and ferrets. | currently licensed influenza vaccines mainly induce antibodies against highly variable epitopes. due to antigenic drift, protection is subtype or strain-specific and regular vaccine updates are required. in case of antigenic shifts, which have caused several pandemics in the past, completely new vaccines need to be developed. we set out to develop a vaccine that provides protection against a broad range of influenza viruses. therefore, highly conserved parts of the influenza a virus (iav) were s ... | 2015 | 26046664 |
| evaluation of the zoonotic potential of a novel reassortant h1n2 swine influenza virus with gene constellation derived from multiple viral sources. | in 2011-2012, contemporary north american-like h3n2 swine influenza viruses (sivs) possessing the 2009 pandemic h1n1 matrix gene (h3n2pm-like virus) were detected in domestic pigs of south korea where h1n2 siv strains are endemic. more recently, we isolated novel reassortant h1n2 sivs bearing the eurasian avian-like swine h1-like hemagglutinin and korean swine h1n2-like neuraminidase in the internal gene backbone of the h3n2pm-like virus. in the present study, we clearly provide evidence on the ... | 2015 | 26051886 |
| auditory gap-in-noise detection behavior in ferrets and humans. | the precise encoding of temporal features of auditory stimuli by the mammalian auditory system is critical to the perception of biologically important sounds, including vocalizations, speech, and music. in this study, auditory gap-detection behavior was evaluated in adult pigmented ferrets (mustelid putorius furo) using bandpassed stimuli designed to widely sample the ferret's behavioral and physiological audiogram. animals were tested under positive operant conditioning, with psychometric funct ... | 2015 | 26052794 |
| a live attenuated vaccine prevents replication and transmission of h7n9 virus in mammals. | the continued spread of the newly emerged h7n9 viruses among poultry in china, together with the emergence of drug-resistant variants and the possibility of human-to-human transmission, has spurred attempts to develop an effective vaccine. an mf59-adjuvant h7n9 inactivated vaccine is reported to be well-tolerated and immunogenic in humans; however a study in ferrets indicated that while a single dose of the inactivated h7n9 vaccine reduced disease severity, it did not prevent virus replication a ... | 2015 | 26058711 |
| lower respiratory tract infection of the ferret by 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza a virus triggers biphasic, systemic, and local recruitment of neutrophils. | infection of the lower respiratory tract by influenza a viruses results in increases in inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the lung. the dynamic relationships among the lung microenvironments, the lung, and systemic host responses during infection remain poorly understood. here we used extensive systematic histological analysis coupled with live imaging to gain access to these relationships in ferrets infected with the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza a virus (h1n1pdm virus). neutrophil le ... | 2015 | 26063430 |
| behavioral responses of predator-naïve dwarf hamsters (phodopus campbelli) to odor cues of the european ferret fed with different prey species. | many mammalian predators are able to identify their prey by odors and, vice versa, numerous prey species recognize predator odors as well. the present paper reports on the behavioral responses of predator-naïve dwarf hamsters (phodopus campbelli) towards the urine odors of carnivorous ferrets, which were raised on either a chicken, mouse or hamster diet. chemical composition from ferret urines of the different diet groups was analyzed, while quantitative differences in urinary volatile constitue ... | 2015 | 26066723 |
| correlation between the interval of influenza virus infectivity and results of diagnostic assays in a ferret model. | the relationship between influenza virus infectivity and virus shedding, based on different diagnostic methods, has not been defined. | 2016 | 26068783 |
| host adaptation and the alteration of viral properties of the first influenza a/h1n1pdm09 virus isolated in japan. | a/narita/1/2009 (a/n) was the first h1n1 virus from the 2009 pandemic (h1pdm) to be isolated in japan. to better understand and predict the possible development of this virus strain, the effect of passaging a/n was investigated in madin-darby canine kidney cells, chicken eggs and mice. a/n that had been continuously passaged in cells, eggs, or mice obtained the ability to grow efficiently in each host. moreover, a/n grown in mice had both a high level of pathogenicity in mice and an increased gr ... | 2015 | 26079133 |
| oseltamivir prophylaxis reduces inflammation and facilitates establishment of cross-strain protective t cell memory to influenza viruses. | cd8(+) t cells directed against conserved viral regions elicit broad immunity against distinct influenza viruses, promote rapid virus elimination and enhanced host recovery. the influenza neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir, is prescribed for therapy and prophylaxis, although it remains unclear how the drug impacts disease severity and establishment of effector and memory cd8(+) t cell immunity. we dissected the effects of oseltamivir on viral replication, inflammation, acute cd8(+) t cell resp ... | 2015 | 26086392 |
| low virulence and lack of airborne transmission of the dutch highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n8 in ferrets. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 viruses that emerged in poultry in east asia spread to europe and north america by late 2014. here we show that the european hpai h5n8 viruses differ from the korean and japanese hpai h5n8 viruses by several amino acids and that a dutch hpai h5n8 virus had low virulence and was not transmitted via the airborne route in ferrets. the virus did not cross-react with sera raised against pre-pandemic h5 vaccine strains. this data is useful for public healt ... | 2015 | 26090682 |
| ferret: a sentence-based literature scanning system. | the rapid pace of bioscience research makes it very challenging to track relevant articles in one's area of interest. medline, a primary source for biomedical literature, offers access to more than 20 million citations with three-quarters of a million new ones added each year. thus it is not surprising to see active research in building new document retrieval and sentence retrieval systems. we present ferret, a prototype retrieval system, designed to retrieve and rank sentences (and their docume ... | 2015 | 26091670 |