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toxicological responses of cyprinus carpio exposed to the herbicide penoxsulam in rice field conditions.cyprinus carpio fish were exposed to penoxsulam (ricer) in field conditions. the experiment in the rice field was carried out for 7, 21 and 72 days. oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant profile were studied. the acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme activity in the brain was increased after 7 days and reduced after 21 and 72 days of the experiment in the rice field. the ache activity in muscle was reduced only after 72 days of exposure. thiobarbituric acid-reactive species were increased in ...201121204108
indian carp (labeo rohita) gall bladder poisoning-report of four cases in a single family.the ingestion of indian carp gallbladder may result in transient hepatitis with subsequent acute renal failure. this case series also illustrates the importance of understanding the use and potential serious complications of alternative medicines. so fish gallbladder poisoning should be considered in unexplained acute renal failure in chinese and asian patients. we report four family members who developed acute renal failure and toxic hepatitis at the same time following ingestion of raw indian ...201121207198
hormonal induction and semen characteristics of tambaqui colossoma macropomum.in the hatchery-bred tambaqui colossoma macropomum, spontaneous semen release does not occur, and hand-stripping produces reduced semen volume. the goal of this work is to evaluate the effects of hormonal induction with carp pituitary extract (cpe) on both qualitative (visual aspect, ph, motility, viability and morphological abnormalities) and quantitative (volume, concentration and number of spermatozoa per ejaculate) traits of tambaqui semen. eleven males were treated with cpe (induced), and 1 ...201221208496
population study of atractolytocestus huronensis (cestoda: caryophyllidea), an invasive parasite of common carp introduced to europe: mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes and intragenomic ribosomal its2 variants.the invasive monozoic tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis, a specific parasite of common carp, was originally found and described in the north american continent. it has been introduced to europe and reported in several countries in the last 15 years, as well. in the current study, tapeworms from one north american (usa) and five european localities (united kingdom/uk, slovakia, hungary, croatia, and romania) were subjected to molecular analyses in order to determine the level of intrapopulati ...201121210151
assessment of oxidative stress and metabolic changes in common carp (cyprinus carpio) acutely exposed to different concentrations of the fungicide tebuconazole.the aim of this research is to determine the lethal concentration (lc(50-96 h)) of fungicide tebuconazole for common carp (cyprinus carpio) and to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress and metabolic changes after acute exposure to different concentrations of tebuconazole. for this purpose, several parameters were assessed as whole-body levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (tbars), protein carbonyl, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione s-transferase, nonprotein thiols, ...201121216437
various aspects of piscine toxicology.in opposition to toxicology of mammals piscine toxicology is closely connected with the conditions of external environment. the aquatic environment is necessary for embryonic development and after hatching during short or long-lasting larval period of most fish species. an aquatic environment is polluted by many industrial and agricultural wastes. ammonia as a toxic and common compound in water have negative influence for aquaculture especially in intensive fish culture, recirculation system and ...201021217882
meiobenthos provides a food resource for young cyprinids.young individuals of the bottom-biting (i.e. sediment-ingesting) common carp cyprinus carpio and gudgeon gobio gobio consumed significant amounts of nematodes in laboratory experiments, whereas the selective-feeding roach rutilus rutilus did not. in mesocosm enclosure experiments in the field, c. carpio strongly decreased the nematode abundance within 4 days, whereas the bottom-biting bream abramis brama did not affect the abundance until after 14 days. in controlled experiments with a known num ...201121235551
microsatellite analysis of different ploidy offspring of artificial gynogenesis in cyprinus carpio.gynogenesis was induced by using uv-irradiated spermatozoa of blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala to activate eggs of common carp cyprinus carpio. the maternal genome was then duplicated by cold shock in 0 to 4° c cold water to retain the second polar body. two kinds of fry, normal fry and abnormal tortuous fry, were hatched. their dna content was measured by flow cytometry. the normal fry were identified as diploid, representing the successful gynogenesis in c. carpio whereas the abnorma ...201121235552
identification of genes that elicit disuse muscle atrophy via the transcription factors p50 and bcl-3.skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition associated with weakness, fatigue, and reduced functional capacity. nuclear factor-kappab (nf-κb) transcription factors play a critical role in atrophy. knockout of genes encoding p50 or the nf-κb co-transactivator, bcl-3, abolish disuse atrophy and thus they are nf-κb factors required for disuse atrophy. we do not know however, the genes targeted by nf-κb that produce the atrophied phenotype. here we identify the genes required to produce disu ...201121249144
comparative susceptibility of carp fingerlings to lernaea cyprinacea infection.study was conducted to find out the comparative susceptibility of fingerlings of seven species of carps (labeo fimbriatus, l. rohita, l. calbasu, catla catla, ctenopharyngodon idella, cyprinus carpio and hypophthamichthys molitrix) grown under both mono and polyculture to lernaea cyprinacea infection. under monoculture, c. carpio, l. rohita and l. calbasu, did not acquire lernaea infection and were thus considered resistant, whereas c. idella, h. molitrix, c. catla and l. fimbriatus were suscept ...201021255932
neuroendocrine-immune interaction in fish: differential regulation of phagocyte activity by neuroendocrine factors.coping with physical, chemical and biological disturbances depends on an extensive repertoire of physiological, endocrinological and immunological responses. fish provide intriguing models to study bi-directional interaction between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. macrophages and granulocytes are the main actors in the first and rapid innate immune response. they are resident in different organs and are moreover rapidly recruited and activated upon infection. they act in response to r ...201121262228
conservation of characteristics and functions of cd4 positive lymphocytes in a teleost fish.the presence of helper and cytotoxic t cells in fish has been suggested, although t cell subsets have yet to be identified at the cellular level. in order to investigate the functions of cd4 and cd8a positive t cells we attempted to produce and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against teleost cd4 and cd8a. here we report the successful production of mabs against cd4 and cd8a in clonal ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii and the function of cd4 positive t cells. in this st ...201121272597
histopathological effects and erod induction in common carp exposed to dietary heavy oil.common carp, cyprinus carpio, was exposed to 1% and 5% dietary heavy oil for 2 weeks. higher polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) accumulation induced higher hepatic erod activity in exposure groups compared with the control group. significant histological alternations were observed in the liver such as nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, accumulation of eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm, nuclear degeneration and fibrillar inclusion in cytoplasm. severe damage of the kidney was indicated by nuclear a ...201121272936
coexistence of diploid, triploid and tetraploid crucian carp (carassius auratus) in natural waters.crucian carp (abbreviated cc) belongs to the genus of carassius within the family of cyprinidae. it has been one of the most important freshwater species for chinese aquaculture and is especially abundant in the dongting water system of hunan province. cc used to be considered as all diploid forms. however, coexistence of diploid (abbreviated 2ncc), triploid (abbreviated 3ncc) and tetraploid crucian carp (abbreviated 4ncc) population of the dongting water system was first found by our recently r ...201121276259
body mass dependence of glycogen stores in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius l.).glycogen is a vital energy substrate for anaerobic organisms, and the size of glycogen stores can be a limiting factor for anoxia tolerance of animals. to this end, glycogen stores in 12 different tissues of the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.), an anoxia-tolerant fish species, were examined. glycogen content of different tissues was 2-10 times higher in winter (0.68-18.20% of tissue wet weight) than in summer (0.12-4.23%). in scale, bone and brain glycogen stores were strongly dependent on ...201121279319
toxicity of moringa oleifera seed extract on some hematological and biochemical profiles in a freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio.the study was carried out to investigate the acute and sublethal toxicity of moringa oleifera seed extract on hematological and biochemical variables of a freshwater fish cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions. the 96 h lc50 value of m. oleifera seed extract to the fish c. carpio was estimated by probit analysis method and was found to be 124.0 mg/l (with 95% confidence limits). for sublethal studies a non lethal dose of 1/10th of 96 h lc50 value (12.40 mg/l) was taken. during acute treatme ...201221282048
novel recombinant monoclonal antibodies for vitellogenin assays in cyprinid fish species.various polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been developed for vitellogenin (vtg) bioassays in different aquatic species. preparation of these reagents is time-consuming and expensive. in the present study, a phage-displayed, recombinant, single-chain variable fragment (scfv) format antibody library was constructed using splenic mrna from non-immunized mice. after 3 rounds of panning, 3 scfv antibodies with specificity for the highly conserved n-terminal region of cyprinid fish vtg were is ...201021290899
species-specific differences and structure-activity relationships in the debromination of pbde congeners in three fish species.previous studies have suggested that there may be species-specific differences in the metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) among different fish species. in this study, we investigated the in vitro hepatic metabolism of eleven individual pbde congeners (tri- through decabdes) in three different fish species: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and chinook salmon (o. tschwatcha). in addition, we evaluated the influence of pbde structural characterist ...201121291240
immunostimulatory activities of specific bacterial secondary metabolite of anoxybacillus flavithermus strain sx-4 on carp, cyprinus carpio.aims: to determine the capacity of secondary metabolite of strain sx-4, to enhance the nonspecific immunity and survival of carp (cyprinus carpio), and to identify the constituents that are responsible. methods and results: a thermophilic strain sx-4 that is able to produce immunostimulatory metabolite was isolated from sludge sample of hot spring and identified by comparison with 16s rrna sequences (99% of homology) as anoxybacillus flavithermus. bioactivity-guided fractionation of methanol e ...201121294820
mercury concentrations are low in commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia, but stable isotope data indicated biomagnification.stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ(15)n) and carbon (δ(13)c), complemented by stomach content data, were used to assess the food web structure and trophic transfer of mercury (hg) in four commercial fish species of lake ziway, ethiopia: nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus), catfish (clarias gariepinus), tilapia zillii, and golden carp (carassius auratus). total mercury (thg in mg kg(-1), ww) concentrations were low, with mean values of 0.033, 0.034, 0.025, and 0.011, in c. gariepinus, t. zilli ...201121296421
zebrafish hsc70 promoter to express carp muscle-specific creatine kinase for acclimation under cold condition.zebrafish (danio rerio) is used as a model system for in vivo studies. to expand the research scope of physical, biochemical and physiological studies, a cold-tolerant model of zebrafish was developed. the common carp (cyprinus carpio) muscle form of creatine kinase (ck, ec 2.7.3.2) can maintain enzymatic activity at a temperature of around 15°c. however, a cold-inducible promoter of zebrafish, hsc 70 (heat shock protein 70 cognate), is able to increase the expression of gene product by 9.8 fold ...201121298478
supplemental diagnosis of a myxozoan parasite from common carp cyprinus carpio: synonymy of thelohanellus xinyangensis with thelohanellus kitauei.thelohanellus kitauei egusa et nakajima, 1981, was described from common carp cyprinus carpio l. in japan. in china, a myxosporean infecting the intestinal tissue of the same host species was described as thelohanellus xinyangensis xie, gong, xiao, guo, li et guo, 2000, despite many similarities to t. kitauei. to examine the potential conspecificity of these species, a morphological and molecular investigation of t. xinyangensis was conducted. comparing myxospore morphology, the mean spore lengt ...201121300440
a novel soluble immune-type receptor (sitr) in teleost fish: carp sitr is involved in the nitric oxide-mediated response to a protozoan parasite.the innate immune system relies upon a wide range of germ-line encoded receptors including a large number of immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) receptors. different ig-like immune receptor families have been reported in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. most innate immune receptors of the igsf are type i transmembrane proteins containing one or more extracellular ig-like domains and their regulation of effector functions is mediated intracellularly by distinct stimulatory or inhibitory pathway ...201121305002
destabilization of carp mrnas by aloe-emodin contributes to caspase-8-mediated p53-independent apoptosis of human carcinoma cells.using short hairpin rna against p53, transient ectopic expression of wild-type p53 or mutant p53 (r248w or r175h), and a p53- and p21-dependent luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that growth arrest and apoptosis of fadu (human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma), hep3b (hepatoma), and mg-63 (osteosarcoma) cells induced by aloe-emodin (ae) are p53-independent. co-immunoprecipitation and small interfering rna (sirna) studies demonstrated that ae caused s-phase cell cycle arrest by inducing ...201121308745
a comparative review on european-farmed finfish rna viruses and their vaccines.the diseases causing the highest ecological and socio-economical impacts in european farmed finfish are produced by rna viruses. salmon, trout, sea bream, sea bass, carp and turbot, suffer viral nervous necrosis produced by betanodaviruses (vnnv), infectious pancreatic necrosis produced by aquabirnaviruses (ipnv), viral haemorrhagic septicemia (vhsv) and infectious haematopoietic necrosis (ihnv) produced by novirhabdoviruses, spring viremia of carp produced by vesicular-like rhabdoviruses (svcv) ...201121320546
a hybrid ant colony optimization algorithm for the extended capacitated arc routing problem.the capacitated arc routing problem (carp) is representative of numerous practical applications, and in order to widen its scope, we consider an extended version of this problem that entails both total service time and fixed investment costs. we subsequently propose a hybrid ant colony optimization (aco) algorithm (hacoa) to solve instances of the extended carp. this approach is characterized by the exploitation of heuristic information, adaptive parameters, and local optimization techniques: tw ...201121324786
detoxifying effect of nelumbo nucifera and aegle marmelos on hematological parameters of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of nelumbo nucifera and aegle marmelos on common carp exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of combined heavy metals (5 ppm) under laboratory conditions. the fish were treated with nelumbo nucifera (500 mg/kg bwt) and aegle marmelos (500 mg/kgbwt) for 30 days as a dietary supplement. the blood biochemical parameters of the fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of red blood cells (rbc), packed cell volume (pcv), hemoglobin concentrat ...201021331178
immunostimulatory activities of a decapeptide derived from alcaligenes faecalis fy-3 to crucian carp.a strain was isolated from a soil sample collected from weihe river in shaanxi province (108°03'e 34°14'n), which was identified as alcaligenes faecalis by 16s rrna analysis. a compound m showing potent immune activity was isolated from secondary metabolites of the strain through bioassay-guided isolation techniques. the structure of the compound m was elucidated using ft-ir, ei-ms, 1h nmr and 13c nmr spectra and identified as cyclo-(l-pro-gly)5 which was first time reported as a natural product ...201121332568
carp transferrin can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of cadmium ions.cadmium is a widespread heavy metal that enters the aquatic environment and affects many processes involved in fish reproduction such as sperm motility. fish seminal plasma proteins can protect spermatozoa against toxic effects of heavy metals. the objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of a major carp seminal plasma protein-transferrin (tf) to bind cadmium ions and to neutralize the toxic effect of cadmium on carp sperm motility. to obtain a high quantity of carp seminal plasma ...201121349348
from molecules to management: adopting dna-based methods for monitoring biological invasions in aquatic environments.recent technological advances have driven rapid development of dna-based methods designed to facilitate detection and monitoring of invasive species in aquatic environments. these tools promise to improve on traditional monitoring approaches by enhancing detection sensitivity, reducing analytical turnaround times and monitoring costs, and increasing specificity of target identifications. however, despite the promise of dna-based monitoring methods, the adoption of these tools in decision-making ...201121353670
[study on genotoxicity of aldicarb and methomyl].genotoxicity of aldicarb and methomyl was explored. the aldicarb and methomyl were diluted by the deionized water respectively, and then five concentrations of aldicarb were generated as 0.002, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20 microg/l, methomyl as 0.02, 0.2, 2, 20, 200 microg/l. the micronucleus of carp erythrocyte was counted by micronucleus test. the mutation of bacteria was assessed by ames test. the dna damage of human lymphocytes was tested by comet assay. the genotoxicity of aldicarb and methomyl was est ...201021360888
reduction of stress response in carp,cyprinus carpiol., held under deteriorating environmental conditions, by oral administration of bovine lactoferrin.bovine lactoferrin (lf) was evaluated for its ability to suppress stress reactions in carp, cyprinus carpio l., held under deteriorating environmental conditions. three test diets containing different levels of lf (0.01, 0.1 and 1%) were fed at 2% of fish body weight per day, i.e. lf at 2, 20 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) was administered orally to carp for 14 days at 20 °c. in the fish reared at a density of 2 individuals 10 l(-1) , plasma cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline decrease ...199821361970
short communicationgill lesions in common carp, cyprinus carpio l., in mexico due to the metacercariae of centrocestus formosanus. 199821361978
the influence of zinc and copper on the latency period for feeding and the food uptake in common carp, cyprinus carpio l.in order to know the effect of zinc and copper pollution on in fish feeding behavior, the latency period for feeding and food uptake of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., yearlings were examined. it was shown that exposure to these metals (1 μmol/l) increased the search reaction time (the time taken to leave the starting chamber after its front wall was raised, t(1)), as well as latency period for feeding (t(2)). the significant increase of the first index was observed in 6h. in the presence of zi ...201121371614
quality and storage stability of extruded puffed corn-fish snacks during 6-month storage at ambient temperature.cereal-based snacks are usually low in protein and other nutrients. increased health awareness of consumers has led the food industry to develop fortified snacks with functional ingredients. three types of extruded corn-fish snacks, containing 150 g kg(-1) carp mince and 150 g kg(-1) trout mince, 30 g kg(-1) freeze-dried saithe protein and a regular corn snack (control). were produced to study quality changes and storage stability of the products during 6-month storage at 27±2 °c.201121384356
specific and nonspecific immunostimulation study of euphorbia hirta on pseudomonas fluorescens-infected cyprinus carpio.infectious diseases are one of the major factors affecting the production of fish worldwide. the pathogens (especially bacteria) affect the immune system of fish and the administration of immunostimulants can increase resistance to infectious diseases by enhancing both specific and nonspecific defense mechanisms.201121385104
expression profiles of carp irf-3/-7 correlate with the up-regulation of rig-i/mavs/traf3/tbk1, four pivotal molecules in rig-i signaling pathway.the cytoplasmic helicase protein rig-i (retinoic acid-inducible gene i) and downstream signaling molecules, mavs (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), traf3 (tnf-receptor-associated factor 3) and tbk1 (tank-binding kinase 1), have significant roles in the recognition of cytoplasmic 5'-triphosphate ssrna and short dsrna, and phosphorylation of irf-3 (interferon regulatory factor 3) and irf-7 which is responsible for the induction of type i interferons (ifn). in the present study, the full- ...201321385615
generation and characterization of koi herpesvirus recombinants lacking viral enzymes of nucleotide metabolism.koi herpesvirus (khv) causes a fatal disease in koi and common carp, but no reliable and genetically characterized vaccines are available up to now. therefore, we generated khv recombinants possessing deletions within the viral ribonucleotide reductase (rnr), thymidine kinase (tk), dutpase, or tk and dutpase genes, and their corresponding rescuants. all khv mutants were replication competent in cultured cells. whereas plaque sizes and titers of rnr-negative khv were reduced, replication of the o ...201121387205
application of sensory and microbial analysis to assess quality of fish in siliguri city of west bengal, india.sensory and certain microbial analyses were applied to assess the quality of raw fish sold at a market in siliguri cityof west bengal, india. in regular surveys undertaken during june to august 2008, a particular fish species was randomly selected, its source was noted and a sensory analysis, the quality index method (qim) was applied to assess its quality raw fish samples were also collected and a small quantity (about 1 g) of scales oran upper layer of the skin surface (forscale-less fish samp ...201021387907
correlation between in vitro mucus adhesion and the in vivo colonization ability of lactic acid bacteria: screening of new candidate carp probiotics.we measured the adhesion of candidate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) to carp intestinal mucus. the percentage of adherent bacteria varied among strains. four strains, two with high adhesion and two with low adhesion in vitro, were tested for in vivo colonization ability. carp were fed lab-containing feed for 12 d, and then unsupplemented feed until day 33, and the numbers and compositions of intestinal lab were analyzed during the entire period. lab with lower in vitro adhesion disappeared ...201121389622
gene transfer by microinjection in the zebra fish brachydanio rerio.although transgenesis studies of fish started relatively later compared to those of mammals, they have not been completely neglected, and in recent years, many publications have appeared in this field. reviews of transgenesis in fish are given by maclean et al., hew, maclean and penman, and ozato et al. much attention had been focused on commercially important food species, especially in the attempt to insert beneficial genes, such as the antifreeze and growth-hormone genes, into salmonids, such ...199321390647
investigation of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 genetic diversity by a multi-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3), or koi herpesvirus (khv), is responsible for high mortalities in aquaculture of both common carp (cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi carp (cyprinus carpio koi) worldwide. the complete genomes of three cyhv-3 isolates showed more than 99% of dna sequence identity, with the majority of differences located in short tandem repeats, also called vntr (variable number of tandem repeats). by targeting these variations, eight loci were selected for genotyping cyhv-3 by multi ...201121392536
mechanism of blood coagulation in common carp (cyprinus carpio).in vitro, carp blood was anticoagulated by using mgso(4) at a final concentration of 22.2 mmol l(-1) and sodium citrate at a final concentration of 11.8 mmol l(-1) . the coagulation times for carp plasma diluted by ion-free water (1:1), and that of carp plasma to which thrombocytes and small lymphocytes were added, were measured at 23 °c using standard methods, and then contrasted with the coagulation times for plasma obtained from chickens and rabbits. the shapes of the thrombocytes and small l ...200621396003
surgical removal of an anal cyst caused by a protozoan parasite (thelohanellus kitauei) from a koi (cyprinus carpio).an 8-month-old koi (cyprinus carpio) fish was examined at the animal hospital at seoul national university for anal obstruction.201121401436
[screening cold-acclimation differential expression candidate genes in the brain of common carp (cyprinus carpio)].in this study, 26 candidate genes were quantified and normalized in the brain cdna of common carp (cyprinus carpio) at 23°c and 6°c using double-standard curve method of real-time quantitative pcr. the results showed that five candidates up-regulated in the samples at 6°c (p<0.01) and quantified 2.11, 13.9, 2.52, 7.38, and 1.83 times more than in the samples at 23°c, respectively. gene function searching indicated that the protein products of these five candidates were elongation of very long ch ...201121402535
the interactive effects of hypoxemia, hyperoxia, and temperature on the gill morphology of goldfish (carassius auratus).acclimation of crucian carp and goldfish to temperatures below 15°c causes covering of the gill lamellae by a mass of cells termed the interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). here we explore the cues underlying gill remodeling (removal or growth of an ilcm) and specifically test the hypotheses that 1) depletion of internal o(2) stores in the absence of any change in external o(2) status can trigger the removal of the ilcm in goldfish acclimated to 7°c, 2) exposing fish acclimated to 25°c to an abundance ...201121411769
heterogeneity of macrophage activation in fish.in this review, we focus on four different activation states of fish macrophages. in vitro, stimulation with microbial ligands induces the development of innate activated macrophages whereas classically activated macrophages can be induced by stimulation with lps in combination with (recombinant) ifnγ. both types of macrophages show elevated phagocytic activity, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and radical production. alternatively activated macrophages require the cytokines il-4/il ...201121414343
toll-like receptors in bony fish: from genomics to function.receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate immunity defense. toll-like receptors (tlrs) are the best understood of the innate immune receptors that detect infections in mammals. key features of the fish tlrs and the factors involved in their signaling cascade have high structural similarity to the mammalian tlr system. however, the fish tlrs also exhibit very distinct features and large diversity which is likely derived from their diverse evolutio ...201121414346
genotoxicity assessment of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings by tissue dna damage and micronucleus test, after environmental exposure to fenitrothion.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of sublethal doses of fenitrothion, an organophosphothionate insecticide on brain, gill, liver, and muscle tissues as a ratio of 8-ohdg to dg to indicate the dna damage and erythrocyte micronucleus frequency for genotoxicity of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings. in our study, the mean weights and lengths of the fish (n = 4-12) were 31.13 ± 14.24 g and 12.53 ± 1.41, respectively. before the experiment, fish were maintained in aerat ...201121417631
immunomodulatory effects of secondary metabolites from thermophilic anoxybacillus kamchatkensis xa-1 on carp, cyprinus carpio.a bacterial strain with putative immunomodulatory properties was isolated from xi'an hot springs in china. comparison of 16s rrna gene revealed a 97% similarity between the tested strain (designated xa-1) and anoxybacillus kamchatkensis. two compounds isolated from the secondary metabolites of xa-1 were identified by spectral data (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry) as: (1) cyclo (gly-l-pro) and (2) cyclo (l-ala-4-hydroxyl-l-pro). two cyclic dipeptides showed stimulatory ...201121421057
source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls in the new york/new jersey harbor.the new york/new jersey harbor (also known as the hudson river estuary) is heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) arising in part from inputs from the upper hudson river, which is a superfund site containing historical pcb contamination, and also due to inputs from the new york city metropolitan area. the contamination assessment and reduction project (carp) measured pcbs and other contaminants in ambient water samples collected throughout the harbor region during 1998-2001. ...201121421250
antioxidative effects of n-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, taurine, and curcumin in the muscle of cyprinus carpio l. exposed to cadmium.we investigated the muscle tissue of a teleost cyprinus carpio l. to find out whether n-acetylcysteine (nac), alpha-lipoic acid (la), taurine (tau), and curcumin (cur) were able to counteract oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to cadmium (cd). the muscle tissue was dissected 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of cd (5 mg kg(-1)) and of antioxidant substances (50 mg kg(-1)). using spectrophotometry, we determined the glutathione redox status, lipid peroxidation levels and the a ...201121421527
levels, temporal trends, and tissue distribution of perfluorinated surfactants in freshwater fish from asian countries.perfluorinated surfactants (pfss) in asian freshwater fish species were analyzed to investigate tissue distribution, temporal trends, extent of pollution, and level of pfs exposure through food intake. freshwater fish species, namely carp, snakehead, and catfish, were collected in japan, vietnam, india, malaysia, and thailand, and 10 pfss, including perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoate, were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. pfss in carp in tokyo were ...201121424221
evaluating antigen-specific cytotoxicity of cd8+ t cells in fish by granzyme b-like activity.granzyme b plays an important role in granule-mediated apoptosis by ctl. it is a well characterized component of the cytolytic machinery in mammals and a candidate for the evaluation of cytotoxic activity of ctl as an alternative to conventional cytotoxicity assay. in this study, we examined the effects of granzyme inhibitors to assess the characteristics of fish granzymes in terms of substrate specificity and the involvement of granzyme b-like in the cytotoxic response. 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin ...201121435730
the effects of temperature on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio and spinibarbus sinensis).to test whether the effects of temperature on the metabolic mode changed among different fish species, we investigated the specific dynamic action (sda) and swimming performance of fasting and fed fish at 15 and 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). both taxon and temperature had significant effects on the resting oxygen consumption rate (m˙o(rest)), sda and swimming performance (p<0.05). in ...201121440661
pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus cuvieri) after a single intramuscular or oral administration.the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (ff) was studied in plasma after a single dose (40 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to crucian carp (carassius auratus cuvieri) in freshwater at 25 °c. ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. the data were fitted to two-compartment open models follow both routes of administration. the estimates of total body clearance (cl(b) ), volume of distribution (v(d) /f), and absorption half-life (t(1/2(ka)) ) were 0. ...201121443750
the role of economics and weekend meals in impacted fish bone occurrence in central israel.the fish-eating habits of israelis who present with impacted fish bones in the aerodigestive tract are unknown.201121446237
identification of triploid individuals and clonal lines in carassius auratus complex using microsatellites.the carassius auratus complex in natural populations includes diploid triploid and polyploidy individuals. diploid individuals belong to the species carassius auratus whereas triploid and polyploidy individuals are from the subspecies carassius auratus gibelio. triploid individuals are all female and reproduce clonally by gynogenesis. therefore the carassius auratus complex is an ideal system for studying evolution of unisexual reproduction. identification of triploid individuals and clonal line ...201121448338
time-dependent oxidative stress and histopathological changes in cyprinus carpio l. exposed to microcystin-lr.microcystins (mcs) are produced by cyanobacteria in aquatic environments and are a potential risk to aquatic organisms. increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play an important role in the toxicity mechanism of mcs on fish, but most studies were based on relatively high concentrations. in this study, the effect of time-dependent oxidative stress in livers of cyprinus carpio l. (c. carpio) exposed to 10 µg l(-1) of microcystin-lr (mc-lr) for 0-14 days was investigated. mc-lr induc ...201121455607
candidate genes in patients with autoinflammatory syndrome resembling tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome without mutations in the tnfrsf1a gene.tumor necrosis factor (tnf) receptor-associated periodic syndrome (traps) is an autosomal-dominant multisystemic autoinflammatory condition. patients display different mutations of the tnf receptor superfamily 1a gene (tnfrsf1a), coding for a nearly ubiquitous tnf receptor (tnfr1). no tnfrsf1a mutation has been identified in a proportion of patients with traps-like phenotype.201121459945
water quality evaluation of two interconnected dam lakes with field-captured and laboratory-acclimated fish, cyprinus carpio.karakaya and sultansuyu dam lakes, located in the eastern part of turkey, are important water sources, both for irrigation and fishery. the main goal of the study was to investigate water qualities of dam lakes using a set of biomarkers in the fish cyprinus carpio. for this aim, field sample and laboratory-acclimated fish were compared to identify changes in selected biomarkers. the activities of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, glutathione s-transferase, glutathione reductase, and carboxylesterase ...201121461606
isolation and characterization of major histocompatibility class iiβ genes in an endangered north american cyprinid fish, the rio grande silvery minnow (hybognathus amarus).the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a critical component of the adaptive immune response in vertebrates. due to the role that mhc plays in immunity, absence of variation within these genes may cause species to be vulnerable to emerging diseases. the freshwater fish family cyprinidae comprises the most diverse and species-rich group of freshwater fish in the world, but some are imperiled. despite considerable species richness and the long evolutionary history of the family, there are ve ...201121463692
mercury speciation in fish tissues from a mediterranean river basin: the tagus river (central spain) as a case study.an assessment of mercury (hg) accumulation in fish from the tagus river aquatic system (central spain), which has been influenced by pollution from industrial and urban development, was performed. total hg (thg), inorganic hg (ihg), and monomethylmercury (mmhg) were determined in muscle and liver of different fish species, including cyprinus carpio, ameiurus melas, and chondrostoma miegii, sampled from three locations. although concentrations of thg and hg species showed wide variability among t ...201121472454
genotoxicity of crude extracts of cyanobacteria from taihu lake on carp (cyprinus carpio).genotoxicity of crude cyanobacteria extracts (cbe) from blooms in taihu lake, china toward common carp (cyprinus carpio) was measured. the primary extracellular product was determined by hplc to be microcystin-lr (mc-lr, l for leucine and r for arginine) with an average concentration of 2.4 × 10(2) μg mc g(-1) dry weight of cyanobacteria. acute toxicity to carp, expressed as the 72-h lc(50,) was 53 mg, dw cyanobacteria l(-1). genotoxicity, as determined by the micronucleus (mn) and comet assays ...201121472455
energy balance of juvenile cyprinus carpio after a short-term exposure to sublethal water-borne cadmium.stress in fish can be assessed by means of a bioenergetic approach, based on the evaluation of changes in their physiological parameters. the objective of this study was to determine the impact of sublethal water-borne cadmium (cd) on the energetic balance of juvenile cyprinus carpio under laboratory conditions after a short-term exposure. fish were exposed to a concentration of cd (0.15 mg cd l(-1)) for 2 weeks. this concentration is environmentally realistic since it is usually found, even at ...201121472463
recombinant outer membrane protein a (ompa) of edwardsiella tarda, a potential vaccine candidate for fish, common carp.outer membrane protein a (ompa) is a component of the outer membrane of edwardsiella tarda and is wildly distributed in enterobacteriaceae family. the gene encoding the ompa protein was cloned from e. tarda and expressed in escherichia coli m15 cells. the recombinant ompa protein containing his(6) residues was estimated to have a molecular weight of ∼38kda. in western blot the native protein showed expression at ∼36kda molecular weight which was within the range of major outer membrane proteins ...201121482086
multiresidue method to quantify pesticides in fish muscle by quechers-based extraction and lc-ms/ms.pesticide residues in fish muscle are an environmental and a health safety concern which requires analytical methods presenting high sensitivity and low limits of quantification. in this study, adapted quechers method, coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (scheduled mrm-5500 qtrap), was developed to quantify 13 pesticides (azoxystrobin, clomazone, diflufenican, dimethachlor, carbendazim, iprodion, isoproturon, mesosulfuron-methyl, metazachlor, napropamid, quizalofop and thif ...201121484246
genomic insight into the common carp (cyprinus carpio) genome by sequencing analysis of bac-end sequences.common carp is one of the most important aquaculture teleost fish in the world. common carp and other closely related cyprinidae species provide over 30% aquaculture production in the world. however, common carp genomic resources are still relatively underdeveloped. bac end sequences (bes) are important resources for genome research on bac-anchored genetic marker development, linkage map and physical map integration, and whole genome sequence assembling and scaffolding.201121492448
bioaccumulation of microcystins by fish associated with a persistent cyanobacterial bloom in lago de patzcuaro (michoacan, mexico).lago de patzcuaro is a historically important freshwater fishery in mexico. the lake is presently characterized by a persistent bloom of cyanobacteria, specifically dominated by recognized producers of toxic microcystins (mcysts). we evaluated mcysts in sestonic and dissolved fractions of the water column, as well as representative fish species (silversides, chirostoma spp.; goodea sp.; and carp, cyprinus carpio) obtained from local markets and small commercial catches during the bloom. samples ...201121495029
isolation of enriched carp spermatogonial stem cells from labeo rohita testis for in vitro propagation.the in vitro culture system for spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) is a powerful tool for exploring molecular mechanisms of male gametogenesis and gene manipulation. very little information is available for fish ssc biology. our aim was to isolate highly pure sscs from the testis of commercially important farmed carp, labeo rohita. the minced testis of l. rohita was dissociated with collagenase. dissociated cells purified by two-step ficoll gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic activated ce ...201121496900
molecular characterization and different expression patterns of the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (marp) family during porcine skeletal muscle development in vitro and in vivo.carp, ankrd2, and darp belong to the ankyrin repeat protein (marp) family and play a critical role in the integration of cytoskeletal architecture, stress response, and transcriptional regulation. in this study, we cloned the cdna and promoter sequences of porcine ankyrin repeat protein (marp) gene family. rt-pcr analysis revealed that porcine carp gene was predominantly expressed in heart. ankrd2 was widely expressed in many tissues, a high expression level was observed in the skeletal muscle a ...201121500110
thelohanellus toyamai (syn. myxobolus toyamai) infecting the gills of koi cyprinus carpio in the eastern united states.a myxozoan resembling species of thelohanellus was isolated from the gills of koi (cyprinus carpio) cultured in north carolina. plasmodia measuring ∼200 µm in diameter contained tear-shaped myxospores containing a single pyriform polar capsule. the spore body was concave on one side, measuring 16.2 (14.7-16.8) µm long and 5.6 (4.5-6) µm wide. the polar capsule was 6.4 (5.8-7.2) µm long and 4.2 (3.4-4.6) µm wide, containing a polar filament coiled perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spo ...201121506862
immunomodulating potency of lipopolysaccharides (lps) derived from smooth type of bacterial pathogens in indian major carp.lipopolysaccharides (lps), the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria, are reported to stimulate the immunity of different vertebrates including fish. however, their potency and spectrum of actions often differ among different bacteria. in this study, effect of crude lps, derived from three species of smooth gram-negative bacterial fish pathogens viz. edwardsiella tarda, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas fluorescens, on certain innate immune parameters of indian major carp, labeo rohita wa ...201121507588
thermal adaptation of the crucian carp (carassius carassius) cardiac delayed rectifier current, iks, by homomeric assembly of kv7.1 subunits without mink.ectothermic vertebrates experience acute and chronic temperature changes which affect cardiac excitability and may threaten electrical stability of the heart. nevertheless, ectothermic hearts function over wide range of temperatures without cardiac arrhythmias, probably due to special molecular adaptations. we examine function and molecular basis of the slow delayed rectifier k(+) current (i(ks)) in cardiac myocytes of a eurythermic fish (carassius carassius l.). i(ks) is an important repolarizi ...201121508292
tissue biochemical alterations of cyprinus carpio exposed to commercial herbicide containing clomazone under rice-field conditions.field and laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate toxicological responses of cyprinus carpio exposed to the commercial herbicide clomazone (500 mg l(-1)). fish were exposed to 0.5 mg l(-1) of the formulated herbicide for 7, 30, and 90 days. fish were exposed to clomazone in field conditions (7, 30, or 90 days trapped in submersed cages together with rice crops) and in laboratory conditions where the fish were placed in 45-l tanks with tap water only for 7 days. fish exposed for 7, 30, ...201221509605
an electron microscopic analysis on the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. inhabiting a polluted lake, umiam (meghalaya, india).the present communication reports the ultra structural abnormalities in sperm of a fish species cyprinus carpio inhabiting a polluted lake, umiam in north-east india. transmission electron microscopy (tem) revealed absence of differentiation between head and midpiece (neck) of some sperm while scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed some sperm tails with highly reduced length and some sperm with folded tail. abnormal shape of some sperm head was also revealed by scanning electron microscopy. d ...201121509904
seasonality of glycogen phosphorylase activity in crucian carp (carassius carassius l.).seasonal changes in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (gp), a rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen degradation, were examined in an anoxia-tolerant fish species, the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.). in muscle and brain, the activity of gp remained constant throughout the year when tested at 25°c. in contrast, the activities of liver and heart gp displayed striking increases in summer. when seasonal temperature changes are taken into account, the activity of gp during the anoxic mid-winter ...201121512743
organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls levels in fish and mussel in van region, turkey.forty-seven fish (24 endemic alburnus tarichi, güldenstädt, 1814; 8 capoeta capoeta, guldenstaedt, 1772; 15 mirror carp cyprinus carpio, l., 1758) and 13 mussel (unio stevenianus, krynicki, 1837) samples, with 10 specimens per sample, were collected from van lake, turkey, and rivers flowing into it. gamma-hch was detected in 21 alburnus tarichi samples (56.57 ng/g ± 22.18 ng/g) and in two capoeta capoeta samples (27.6 ng/g and 36.45 ng/g). beta-hch was detected in 8 alburnus tarichi samples (24. ...201121516453
is invasion history a useful tool for predicting the impacts of the world's worst aquatic invasive species?the ecological impact stemming from a biological invasion is the most poorly understood aspect of the invasion process. while forecasting methods are generally lacking, a potential means of predicting future impacts is to examine the effects caused by a nonindigenous species (nis) at previously invaded locations, i.e., its invasion history. however, given the context dependence of impact and the scarcity of data, it is uncertain whether invasion history can in fact be used to forecast the effect ...201121516897
using ecological niche models to predict the abundance and impact of invasive species: application to the common carp.in order to efficiently manage nonindigenous species (nis), predictive tools are needed to prioritize locations where they are likely to become established and where their impacts will be most severe. while predicting the impact of a nis has generally proved challenging, forecasting its abundance patterns across potential recipient locations should serve as a useful surrogate method of estimating the relative severity of the impacts to be expected. yet such approaches have rarely been applied in ...201121516898
mass mortality of pond-reared carassius gibelio caused by myxobolus ampullicapsulatus in china.from june to august 2009, allogynogenetic silver crucian carp carassius gibelio (bloch) pond-cultured at the nanquan experimental station, china, were found to be heavily infected with myxosporeans, which caused mortalities ranging from 33% (13/40) to 90% (36/40) in the cages. the pharynxes of infected fish were swollen, nodular, and severely damaged. based on morphological characters and 18s small subunit ribosomal dna sequence similarity, the myxosporean was identified as myxobolus ampullicaps ...201121516979
characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is an important component of innate immunity capable of activating the lectin pathway of the complement system. a mbl gene was isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). the deduced protein contains a canonical collagen-like domain, a carbohydrate recognition domain (crd), and a neck region similar to mammalian mannose-binding lectin. the catfish mannose-binding lectin crd contains the epn motif shown previously to mediate mannose specificity. the catfish m ...201221524427
a new myxosporean species myxobolus sclerii sp. nov. and one known species m. stomum ali et al. 2003 from two indian major carp fishes.the present communication deals with description of one new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida), m. sclerii sp. nov. infecting eye ball of catla catla (hamilton) and redescription of m. stomum infecting scales of labeo rohita (hamilton), two major carps of kanjali and ropar wetlands respectively. spores of m. sclerii sp. nov. measure 7.9-9.5(8.7 ± 1.13) × 4.3-5.7(5 ± 0.98) μm in size. parietal folds absent. polar capsules two, equal and measuring 4-5.4(4.7 ± 0.98) × 1-2.6(1.8 ...201021526031
observation on prevalence of ectoparasites in carp fingerlings in two districts of west bengal.the present study has been carried out to find out the prevalence of ectoparasites of carp fingerlings during different months of the year 2008-2009. four groups of ectoparasites viz. myxozoan, ciliophoran, monogenean and crustacean were recorded from 400 fingerlings of rohu (labeo rohita), catla (catla catla), mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala), bata (labeo bata), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and lata (channa punctatus) collected from different ponds of nadia and hooghly district of west bengal from j ...201021526033
development and characterization of two new cell lines from common carp, cyprinus carpio (linn).two new cell lines (ccf and cch) were established from fin and heart tissues of common carp, cyprinus carpio. the cells were optimally maintained in leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs) and 10 ng/ml of basic fibroblastic growth factor (bfgf). the effects of temperature, concentration of fbs and bfgf on the growth of ccf and cch cells were examined. the temperature ranged from 24 to 32 °c for good growth of the cells. the growth rate of cells was higher in medium con ...201121526264
somatic mutagenesis with a sleeping beauty transposon system leads to solid tumor formation in zebrafish.large-scale sequencing of human cancer genomes and mouse transposon-induced tumors has identified a vast number of genes mutated in different cancers. one of the outstanding challenges in this field is to determine which genes, when mutated, contribute to cellular transformation and tumor progression. to identify new and conserved genes that drive tumorigenesis we have developed a novel cancer model in a distantly related vertebrate species, the zebrafish, danio rerio. the sleeping beauty (sb) t ...201121533036
rheological properties of gelatin from silver carp skin compared to commercially available gelatins from different sources.gelatin is used as a functional ingredient in many foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics as a stabilizing, thickening, and gelling agent. the rheological properties of gelatins are important in the potential functionality of gelatin. this study is designed to determine the rheological properties of gelatin extracted from the skins of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix valenciennes 1844). the extracted gelatin is compared with commercially available gelatins from different sources. the resu ...201021535497
effects of extraction conditions on the sensory and instrumental characteristics of fish gelatin gels.fish skin gelatin has recently been of interest as a product that eliminates religious concerns (jewish and muslim) and could be an alternative value-added product from fish waste. recent research has shown that extraction conditions affect gelatin quality. in this study, gelatin from asian silver carp skin and extracted under different conditions have been studied sensory properties using descriptive analysis and time intensity testing to determine how extraction conditions affect gelatin senso ...201621535620
the influence of douchi starter cultures on the composition of extractive components, microbiological activity, and sensory properties of fermented fish pastes.three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that douchi cultures could serve as a potential starter for enhancing the quality attributes of fermented silver carp meat. in experiment 1, an active, prefermented douchi culture was incorporated into a fish paste to aid in the fish fermentation (30 d) and facilitate biochemical production of extractive flavor components (prf). in experiment 2, a fully fermented (30 d) douchi was added to a fish paste and the mixture was fermented for 30 d ...201121535644
detection of temporal trends of α- and γ-chlordane in lake erie fish communities using dynamic linear modeling.dynamic linear modeling (dlm) analysis was performed to identify the long-term temporal trends of two toxic components of the technical chlordane pesticide, α- and γ-chlordane, in skinless-boneless muscle tissues of a number of sport fish species in lake erie. our analysis considers the fish length as a covariate of the chlordane concentrations. the α-chlordane models for the coho salmon, channel catfish, rainbow trout, and common carp showed continuously decreasing trends during the entire 30+ ...201121536330
sorption of pbde in low-density polyethylene film: implications for bioavailability of bde-209.the coefficients of partitioning (k(pew) ) between low-density polyethylene (ldpe) film (50-µm thickness) and water for 23 polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners were determined based on a regression analysis of sorption kinetics over an extended exposure period (up to 365 d). a curvilinear relationship between log k(pew) and log k(ow) (octanol-water partition coefficient) was obtained for the target bde congeners with the turning point at log k(ow) approximately 8. previously obtained d ...201121538491
[phylogenetic relationships of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio, c. auratus cuvieri, crucian carp c. carassius, and common carp cyprinus carpio as inferred from mitochondrial dna variation].pcr-rflp analysis of the nd3/nd4l/nd4 and 12s/16s rrna regions and nucleotide sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene were used to study the mtdna divergence in species of the family cyprinidae, to examine the phylogenetic relationships of the species, and to identify their taxonomic status. the results indicated that an ancestral form diverged into silver crucian carp and crucian carp after its separation from the common carp lineage. the divergence of continental carassius auratus gibelio ...201121542306
a protocol for the evaluation of genotoxicity in bile of carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to lake water treated with different disinfectants.a sensitive and rapid method to evaluate toxic and genotoxic properties of drinking water supplied from lake trasimeno (umbria, central italy) was worked out analysing bile in cyprinus carpio exposed for 20d to lake water treated with 3 different disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite (naclo), chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) and peracetic acid (paa). fish were sacrificed at 0, 10 and 20d in order to investigate the time course of these endpoints. an aliquot of bile samples was fractionated by adsorption o ...201121546055
massive production of all-female diploids and triploids in the crucian carp.in many species of aquaculture importance, all-female and sterile populations possess superior productivity due to faster growth and a relatively homogenous size of individuals. however, the production of all-female and sterile fish in a large scale for aquaculture is a challenge in practice, because treatments necessary for gynogenesis induction usually cause massive embryonic and larval mortality, and the number of induced gynogens is too small for their direct use in aquaculture. here we repo ...201121547066
effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on the mrna levels of il-1 and ifn-γ2b in immune organs of common carp.atrazine (atr) and chlorpyrifos (cpf) are widely used in agriculture has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atr, cpf and their mixture on the mrna levels of interleukin-1β (il-1β), interleukin receptor i (il-1ri) and interferon gamma (ifn-γ2b) in both spleen and head kidney of common carp. in this study, juvenile common carp were exposed to atr (at concentrations of 4.28, 42.8 and 428 μg/l), cpf (at concentrat ...201121549199
bioaccumulation of trace elements in different tissues of three commonly available fish species regarding their gender, gonadosomatic index, and condition factor in a wetland ecosystem.in the present research, accumulation of cd, co, cr, cu, mn, ni, pb, v, and zn were determined in sediments and fillet, liver, kidney, gonads, and gills of three commonly fish species in the largest wetland ecosystem that is located in southwest of iran; shadegan wetland. shadegan is one of the most important wetland that posses various fauna and flora but suffers inputs from agricultural and industrial activities. so, sediment samples and fish species including barbus grypus, barbus sharpeyi, a ...201221553249
effect of photoperiod on growth and feed conversion of juvenile wild carp, cyprinus carpio.because of the effect of photoperiod on physiological and biochemical processes in fish, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of manipulated photoperiod on growth, feed conversion and survival of wild carp, cyprinus carpio. fish received six photoperiod regimes (light:dark cycle) including: natural photoperiod (control), 24l:0d, 16l:8d, 12l:12d, 8l:16d and 0l:24d by the three replications. regulated photoperiods as a 16l:8d or 12l:12d light/dark cycle significantly improved growth rate and fo ...201121555274
a cross-sectional investigation of chronic exposure to microcystin in relationship to childhood liver damage in the three gorges reservoir region, china.background: microcystin-producing microcystis bloom is a severe water problem in the world. some reports indicate that chronic exposure to microcystin may result in liver damage in adults, but information on effects in children is limited. objective: to investigate the relationship between microcystin exposure and liver damage in children. methods: we measured microcystin concentrations in drinking water and aquatic food (carp and duck) from 2 lakes and 4 wells. participants were 1322 children a ...201121561830
myomegalin is a novel a-kinase anchoring protein involved in the phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein c.abstract:201121569246
silver nanoparticles disrupt olfaction in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and eurasian perch (perca fluviatilis).the present study investigates the effect of silver nanoparticles on olfaction in crucian carp (carassius carassius) and eurasian perch (perca fluviatilis). the electro-olfactogram (eog) signal was recorded by stimulating the olfactory epithelium with pulses of the odorant l-alanine during the pre-exposure, silver exposure and recovery periods, respectively. the nanosilver suspension concentrations applied were 0.00, 0.45 and 45 μg l⁻¹, respectively. secondly, to compare the toxicity of silver n ...201121570937
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