Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| pseudomonas aeruginosa uses dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (lpd) to bind to the human terminal pathway regulators vitronectin and clusterin to inhibit terminal pathway complement attack. | the opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa controls host innate immune and complement attack. here we identify dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (lpd), a 57 kda moonlighting protein, as the first p. aeruginosa protein that binds the two human terminal pathway inhibitors vitronectin and clusterin. both human regulators when bound to the bacterium inhibited effector function of the terminal complement, blocked c5b-9 deposition and protected the bacterium from complement damage. p. aerugi ... | 2015 | 26368530 |
| acinetobacter baumannii extracellular oxa-58 is primarily and selectively released via outer membrane vesicles after sec-dependent periplasmic translocation. | carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (crab) shelter cohabiting carbapenem-susceptible bacteria from carbapenem killing via extracellular release of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class d β-lactamases, including oxa-58. however, the mechanism of the extracellular release of oxa-58 has not been elucidated. in silico analysis predicted oxa-58 to be translocated to the periplasm via the sec system. using cell fractionation and western blotting, oxa-58 with the signal peptide and c terminus deleted w ... | 2015 | 26369971 |
| minimally invasive sampling method identifies differences in taxonomic richness of nasal microbiomes in young infants associated with mode of delivery. | to date, there is a limited understanding of the role of the airway microbiome in the early life development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, partly due to a lack of simple and minimally invasive sample collection methods. in order to characterize the baseline microbiome of the upper respiratory tract (urt) in infants, a comparatively non-invasive method for sampling the urt microbiome suitable for use in infants was developed. microbiome samples were collected by placing filter paper in ... | 2015 | 26370110 |
| minimally invasive sampling method identifies differences in taxonomic richness of nasal microbiomes in young infants associated with mode of delivery. | to date, there is a limited understanding of the role of the airway microbiome in the early life development of respiratory diseases such as asthma, partly due to a lack of simple and minimally invasive sample collection methods. in order to characterize the baseline microbiome of the upper respiratory tract (urt) in infants, a comparatively non-invasive method for sampling the urt microbiome suitable for use in infants was developed. microbiome samples were collected by placing filter paper in ... | 2015 | 26370110 |
| determinants of bacteriological outcomes in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | changes in sputum microbiology following antibiotic treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd), including patterns of bacteriological relapse and superinfection are not well understood. sputum microbiology at exacerbation is not routinely performed, but pathogen presence and species are determinants of outcomes. therefore, we determined whether baseline clinical factors could predict the presence of bacterial pathogens at exacerbation. bacterial eradicatio ... | 2015 | 26370552 |
| determinants of bacteriological outcomes in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | changes in sputum microbiology following antibiotic treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd), including patterns of bacteriological relapse and superinfection are not well understood. sputum microbiology at exacerbation is not routinely performed, but pathogen presence and species are determinants of outcomes. therefore, we determined whether baseline clinical factors could predict the presence of bacterial pathogens at exacerbation. bacterial eradicatio ... | 2015 | 26370552 |
| lipopolysaccharide transport to the cell surface: biosynthesis and extraction from the inner membrane. | the cell surface of most gram-negative bacteria is covered with lipopolysaccharide (lps). the network of charges and sugars provided by the dense packing of lps molecules in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane interferes with the entry of hydrophobic compounds into the cell, including many antibiotics. in addition, lps can be recognized by the immune system and plays a crucial role in many interactions between bacteria and their animal hosts. lps is synthesized in the inner membrane of gram- ... | 2015 | 26370941 |
| yersinia pestis uses the ail outer membrane protein to recruit vitronectin. | yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, requires the ail (attachment invasion locus) outer membrane protein to survive in the blood and tissues of its mammalian hosts. ail is important for both attachment to host cells and for resistance to complement-dependent bacteriolysis. previous studies have shown that ail interacts with components of the extracellular matrix, including fibronectin, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and with the complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein. here, we dem ... | 2015 | 26377177 |
| metabolomic profiling of plasma from patients with tuberculosis by use of untargeted mass spectrometry reveals novel biomarkers for diagnosis. | although tuberculosis (tb) is a reemerging disease that affects people in developing countries and immunocompromised populations in developed countries, the current diagnostic methods are far from optimal. metabolomics is increasingly being used for studies on infectious diseases. we performed metabolome profiling of plasma samples to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosing tb. we compared the plasma metabolome profiles of tb patients (n = 46) with those of community-acquired pneumonia (cap ... | 2015 | 26378277 |
| antibacterial effects of cinnamon: from farm to food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. | herbs and spices have been used since ancient times, because of their antimicrobial properties increasing the safety and shelf life of food products by acting against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. plants have historically been used in traditional medicine as sources of natural antimicrobial substances for the treatment of infectious disease. therefore, much attention has been paid to medicinal plants as a source of alternative antimicrobial strategies. moreover, due to the growing d ... | 2015 | 26378575 |
| proteomics of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans outer membrane vesicles. | aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. outer membrane vesicles (omvs) released by this species have been demonstrated to deliver effector proteins such as cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) and leukotoxin (ltxa) into human host cells and to act as triggers of innate immunity upon carriage of nod1- and nod2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). to improve our understanding of t ... | 2015 | 26381655 |
| empirical antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in intensive care units: a multicentre, retrospective analysis of potentially pathogenic microorganisms identified by endotracheal aspirates cultures. | the purpose of this investigation was to explore the presumed relationship between the days of hospitalisation and microorganisms identified by endotracheal aspirate cultures in relation to adequate empirical treatment strategies of pneumonia in the intensive care unit (icu). all potentially pathogenic microorganisms identified by (surveillance) cultures of endotracheal aspirates obtained in the icus of two dutch teaching hospitals in 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively collected and analysed. an ... | 2015 | 26385348 |
| contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) and cdib/cdia two-partner secretion proteins. | bacteria have developed several strategies to communicate and compete with one another in complex environments. one important mechanism of inter-bacterial competition is contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi), in which gram-negative bacteria use cdib/cdia two-partner secretion proteins to suppress the growth of neighboring target cells. cdib is an omp85 outer-membrane protein that exports and assembles cdia exoproteins onto the inhibitor cell surface. cdia binds to receptors on susceptible ba ... | 2015 | 26388411 |
| serum antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis proteins omp cd, oppa, msp22, hag, and pila2 after nasopharyngeal colonization and acute otitis media in children. | there is no licensed vaccine for moraxella catarrhalis (mcat), which is a prominent bacterium causing acute otitis media (aom) in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. nasopharyngeal (np) colonization caused by respiratory bacteria results in natural immunization of the host. to identify mcat antigens as vaccine candidates, we evaluated the development of naturally induced antibodies to 5 mcat surface proteins in children 6-30 months of age during mcat np colonization and ao ... | 2015 | 26392013 |
| compendium of pseudo conditions in sexually transmitted diseases. | 2015 | 26392668 | |
| oral use of streptococcus salivarius k12 in children with secretory otitis media: preliminary results of a pilot, uncontrolled study. | secretory otitis media (som) remains a common disease among children. although its cause is not yet perfectly established, the pathology, often a sequel of acute otitis media (aom), is mainly characterized by persistent fluid in the middle ear cavity. twenty-two children with a diagnosis of som were treated daily for 90 days with an oral formulation containing the oral probiotic streptococcus salivarius k12 (bactoblis(®)). after treatment, the children were evaluated for aom episodes and subject ... | 2015 | 26396541 |
| prevention of exacerbations in patients with copd and vitamin d deficiency through vitamin d supplementation (precovid): a study protocol. | vitamin d is well known for its function in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralisation, but is increasingly studied for its potential immunomodulatory properties. vitamin d deficiency is a common problem in patients with copd. previous studies have not demonstrated a beneficial effect of vitamin d on exacerbation rate in copd patients. however, subgroup analyses suggested protective effects in vitamin d deficient patients. our objective is to assess the effect of vitamin d supplementation on ex ... | 2015 | 26399451 |
| respiratory bacterial culture from two sequential bronchoalveolar lavages of the same lobe in children with chronic cough. | identification of bacteria causing lower-airway infections is important to determine appropriate antimicrobial therapy. flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is used to obtain lower-airway specimens in young children. the first lavage (lavage-1) is typically used for bacterial culture. however, no studies in children have compared the detection of cultivable bacteria from sequential lavages of the same lobe. bal fluid was collected from two sequential lavages of the same lobe i ... | 2015 | 26399701 |
| the role and regulation of moraxella catarrhalis-induced human beta-defensin 3 expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells. | bacterial colonisation with moraxella catarrhalis may partly sustain chronic inflammation in the lower airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). in addition, this bacterium causes infectious exacerbations of copd, which often necessitate treatment with antibiotics. antimicrobial peptides are the body's own antibiotic substances with bactericidal and bacteriostatic, as well as immunomodulatory function. in particular, human beta-defensin 3 (hbd-3) exerts an antimicrob ... | 2015 | 26417692 |
| diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia: pcd foundation consensus recommendations based on state of the art review. | primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) is a genetically heterogeneous, rare lung disease resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease in both children and adults. many physicians incorrectly diagnose pcd or eliminate pcd from their differential diagnosis due to inexperience with diagnostic testing methods. thus far, all therapies used for pcd are unproven through large clinical trials. this review article outlines consensus recommendations from pcd physicians in north america who have been engaged ... | 2015 | 26418604 |
| diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia: pcd foundation consensus recommendations based on state of the art review. | primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) is a genetically heterogeneous, rare lung disease resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease in both children and adults. many physicians incorrectly diagnose pcd or eliminate pcd from their differential diagnosis due to inexperience with diagnostic testing methods. thus far, all therapies used for pcd are unproven through large clinical trials. this review article outlines consensus recommendations from pcd physicians in north america who have been engaged ... | 2015 | 26418604 |
| real life management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in the gulf region and comparison with practice guidelines: a prospective study. | very few data exist on the management of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in patients admitted to hospitals in the gulf region. the objectives of this study were to describe treatment patterns for cap in 38 hospitals in five gulf countries (united arab emirates, kuwait, bahrain, oman, and qatar) and to compare the findings to the most recent infectious diseases society of america (idsa)/american thoracic society (ats) guidelines. | 2015 | 26424530 |
| nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases: from the last universal common ancestor to modern bacterial pathogens. | the electrochemical gradient that ensues from the enzymatic activity of cytochromes such as nitrate reductase, nitric oxide reductase, and quinol oxidase contributes to the bioenergetics of the bacterial cell. reduction of nitrogen oxides by bacterial pathogens can, however, be uncoupled from proton translocation and biosynthesis of atp or nh4(+), but still linked to quinol and nadh oxidation. ancestral nitric oxide reductases, as well as cytochrome c oxidases and quinol bo oxidases evolved from ... | 2015 | 26426528 |
| nitrate, nitrite and nitric oxide reductases: from the last universal common ancestor to modern bacterial pathogens. | the electrochemical gradient that ensues from the enzymatic activity of cytochromes such as nitrate reductase, nitric oxide reductase, and quinol oxidase contributes to the bioenergetics of the bacterial cell. reduction of nitrogen oxides by bacterial pathogens can, however, be uncoupled from proton translocation and biosynthesis of atp or nh4(+), but still linked to quinol and nadh oxidation. ancestral nitric oxide reductases, as well as cytochrome c oxidases and quinol bo oxidases evolved from ... | 2015 | 26426528 |
| metagenomic human repiratory air in a hospital environment. | hospital-acquired infection (hai) or nosocomial infection is an issue that frequent hospital environment. we believe conventional regulated petri dish method is insufficient to evaluate hai. to address this problem, metagenomic sequencing was applied to screen airborne microbes in four rooms of beijing hospital. with air-in amount of sampler being setup to one person's respiration quantity, metagenomic sequencing identified huge numbers of species in the rooms which had already qualified widely ... | 2015 | 26431488 |
| effectiveness of polyvalent bacterial lysate and autovaccines against upper respiratory tract bacterial colonization by potential pathogens: a randomized study. | polyvalent bacterial lysate (pbl) is an oral immunostimulating vaccine consisting of bacterial standardized lysates obtained by lysis of different strains of bacteria. autovaccines are individually prepared based on the results of smears obtained from the patient. both types of vaccine can be used to treat an ongoing chronic infection. this study sought to determine which method is more effective against nasal colonization by potential respiratory tract pathogens. | 2015 | 26434686 |
| vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identifying respiratory bacterial pathogens: a fast and efficient method. | mass spectrometry has become a reference resource for identifying microorganisms in clinical microbiology services. one hundred and fifty one clinical isolates were selected from respiratory specimens routinely identified as streptococcus pneumoniae (43), haemophilus influenzae (64) and moraxella catarrhalis (44). these identifications were compared with other phenotypical methods and mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms vitek). result discrepancies were assessed by 16s rrna sequencing. thirty-eight ... | 2015 | 26437754 |
| atraumatic splenic rupture cases presenting with hemorrhagic shock and coagulopathy treated by splenic artery occlusion using a microballoon catheter before splenectomy. | atraumatic splenic rupture (asr) is an uncommon pathologic condition in which bleeding from the spleen occurs for a variety of nontraumatic reasons. while the current trend in traumatic splenic rupture is nonoperative management including transcatheter arterial embolization, the current recommendation for the treatment of most patients with asr is splenectomy. in this report, we describe two cases of asr presenting with hemorrhagic shock and complicated by anticoagulation therapy. in patients wi ... | 2015 | 26443017 |
| ccl20 and beta-defensin 2 production by human lung epithelial cells and macrophages in response to brucella abortus infection. | both ccl20 and human β-defensin 2 (hbd2) interact with the same membrane receptor and display chemotactic and antimicrobial activities. they are produced by airway epithelia in response to infectious agents and proinflammatory cytokines. whereas brucella spp. can infect humans through inhalation, their ability to induce ccl20 and hbd2 in lung cells is unknown. here we show that b. abortus induces ccl20 expression in human alveolar (a549) or bronchial (calu-6) epithelial cell lines, primary alveo ... | 2015 | 26448160 |
| evaluation of the new bd max gc real-time pcr assay, analytically and clinically as a supplementary test for the bd probetec gc qx amplified dna assay, for molecular detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | the new bd max gc real-time pcr assay showed high clinical and analytical sensitivity and specificity. it can be an effective and accurate supplementary test for the bd probetec gc qx amplified dna assay, which had suboptimal specificity, and might also be used for initial detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae. | 2015 | 26468501 |
| haemophilus influenzae isolates survive for up to 20 years at -70 °c in skim milk tryptone glucose glycerol broth (stggb) if thawing is avoided during re-culture. | haemophilus influenzae remains a major cause of disease worldwide requiring continued study. recently, isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, but not h. influenzae, were reported to survive long-term ultra-freeze storage in stggb. we show that nontypeable h. influenzae isolates survive for up to 20 years when thawing is avoided. | 2015 | 26477641 |
| distribution of major pathogens from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review. | noncystic fibrosis (non-cf) bronchiectasis remains as a common health problem in asia. pathogens' distribution in airways of patients with non-cf bronchiectasis is important for doctors to make right decision. | 2015 | 26481748 |
| reduced middle ear infection with non-typeable haemophilus influenzae, but not streptococcus pneumoniae, after transition to 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable h. influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine. | in october 2009, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7: prevenar(tm) pfizer) was replaced in the northern territory childhood vaccination schedule by 10-valent pneumococcal haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (phid-cv10; synflorix(™) glaxosmithkline vaccines). this analysis aims to determine whether the reduced prevalence of suppurative otitis media measured in the phid-cv10 era was associated with changes in nasopharyngeal (np) carriage and middle ear discharge (ed) micro ... | 2015 | 26482232 |
| multidrug-resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from nanjing, china, are sensitive to killing by a novel dna gyrase inhibitor, etx0914 (azd0914). | we tested the activity of etx0914 against 187 neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from men with urethritis in nanjing, china, in 2013. the mic50, mic90, and mic range for etx0914 were 0.03 μg/ml, 0.06 μg/ml, and ≤0.002 to 0.125 μg/ml, respectively. all isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 36.9% (69/187) were resistant to azithromycin. of the isolates, 46.5% were penicillinase-producing n. gonorrhoeae (ppng), 36% were tetracycline-resistant n. gonorrhoeae (trng), and 13% (24 isolates) had an ... | 2015 | 26482313 |
| multidrug-resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from nanjing, china, are sensitive to killing by a novel dna gyrase inhibitor, etx0914 (azd0914). | we tested the activity of etx0914 against 187 neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from men with urethritis in nanjing, china, in 2013. the mic50, mic90, and mic range for etx0914 were 0.03 μg/ml, 0.06 μg/ml, and ≤0.002 to 0.125 μg/ml, respectively. all isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 36.9% (69/187) were resistant to azithromycin. of the isolates, 46.5% were penicillinase-producing n. gonorrhoeae (ppng), 36% were tetracycline-resistant n. gonorrhoeae (trng), and 13% (24 isolates) had an ... | 2015 | 26482313 |
| differential gene expression of moraxella catarrhalis upon exposure to human serum. | the complement system is an important part of the innate defense against invading pathogens (blom et al., 2009; [1]). the ability to resist complement-mediated killing is considered to be an important virulence trait for the human-restricted respiratory tract pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, as most disease-associated m. catarrhalis isolates are complement-resistant (wirth et al., 2007; [2]). here we provide a detailed overview of the experimental methods that we have used to study the molecular ... | 2014 | 26484117 |
| mechanisms of bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract. | respiratory tract infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. chief among these are infections involving the lower airways. the opportunistic bacterial pathogens responsible for most cases of pneumonia can cause a range of local and invasive infections. however, bacterial colonization (or carriage) in the upper airway is the prerequisite of all these infections. successful colonizers must attach to the epithelial lining, grow on the nutrient-limited mucosal surface, e ... | 2015 | 26488280 |
| familial and microbiological contribution to the otitis-prone condition. | our group has an ongoing clinical research project investigating the immunology of the otitis-prone (op) phenotype. in light of evidence that this condition arises from underlying immunological defects, we examined our sample population of stringently defined op (sop) children suffering 3 episodes of acute otitis media within 6 months or 4 within a year for a familial association with the sop phenotype. | 2015 | 26490785 |
| diagnostic accuracy of chest x-ray and ultrasonography in detection of community acquired pneumonia; a brief report. | chest x-ray (cxr) is the simplest diagnostic tool of community acquired pneumonia (cap), but it has some limitation. therefore, the aim of this study is comparing the diagnostic accuracy of cxr and chest ultrasonography (cus) in detection of cap. | 2015 | 26495396 |
| novel moraxella catarrhalis prophages display hyperconserved non-structural genes despite their genomic diversity. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen that often causes otitis media in children, a disease that is not currently vaccine preventable. asymptomatic colonisation of the human upper respiratory tract is common and lack of clearance by the immune system is likely due to the emergence of seroresistant genetic lineages. no active bacteriophages or prophages have been described in this species. this study was undertaken to identify and categorise prophages in m. catarrhalis, their genetic div ... | 2015 | 26497500 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia and prosthetic valve endocarditis. | moraxella catarrhalis, once considered a non-pathogenic coloniser of the oropharynx, has now been recognised as a true pathogen and is reported in cases of bacteraemia. a 63-year-old man with an aortic bioprosthetic valve was brought to the emergency room with altered mental status. initial blood cultures revealed gram-negative diplococci on gram stain; echocardiogram showed a 5 mm vegetation on the aortic bioprosthetic valve. the blood cultures grew m. catarrhalis and the patient was treated me ... | 2015 | 26498667 |
| an independent evaluation of a novel peptide mimetic, brilacidin (pmx30063), for ocular anti-infective. | brilacidin (bri), a novel defensin mimetic, was evaluated as an ocular anti-infective. | 2016 | 26501484 |
| gram-stain-based antimicrobial selection reduces cost and overuse compared with japanese guidelines. | the gram stain has been used as an essential tool for antimicrobial stewardship in our hospital since the 1970s. the objective of this study was to clarify the difference in the targeted therapies selected based on the gram stain and simulated empirical therapies based on the antimicrobial guidelines used in japan. | 2015 | 26503359 |
| incidences and influences of device-associated healthcare-associated infections in a pediatric intensive care unit in japan: a retrospective surveillance study. | device-associated healthcare-associated infections (da-hais) are a major problem in pediatric intensive care units (picus). however, there are no data available regarding the incidences of da-hais in picus in japan and their influences on length of picu stay and mortality. the objective of this study was to investigate the incidences of three common da-hais in a picu and their influences on length of picu stay and mortality in japan. | 2015 | 26509039 |
| a comprehensive review of the nasal microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) has been known as a disease with strong infectious and inflammatory components for decades. the recent advancement in methods identifying microbes has helped implicate the airway microbiome in inflammatory respiratory diseases such as asthma and copd. such studies support a role of resident microbes in both health and disease of host tissue, especially in the case of inflammatory mucosal diseases. identifying interactive events between microbes and elements of the im ... | 2016 | 26510171 |
| a structure-based classification of class a β-lactamases, a broadly diverse family of enzymes. | for medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. this is particularly true for data concerning class a β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. we analyzed several ... | 2016 | 26511485 |
| a structure-based classification of class a β-lactamases, a broadly diverse family of enzymes. | for medical biologists, sequencing has become a commonplace technique to support diagnosis. rapid changes in this field have led to the generation of large amounts of data, which are not always correctly listed in databases. this is particularly true for data concerning class a β-lactamases, a group of key antibiotic resistance enzymes produced by bacteria. many genomes have been reported to contain putative β-lactamase genes, which can be compared with representative types. we analyzed several ... | 2016 | 26511485 |
| fine mapping of the interaction between c4b-binding protein and outer membrane proteins liga and ligb of pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | the complement system consists of more than 40 proteins that participate in the inflammatory response and in pathogen killing. complement inhibitors are necessary to avoid the excessive consumption and activation of this system on host cells. leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus leptospira. pathogenic leptospires are able to escape from complement activation by binding to host complement inhibitors factor h [fh] and c4b-binding protein (c4bp) while non-patho ... | 2015 | 26517116 |
| multicenter evaluation of the bruker maldi biotyper ca system for the identification of clinical aerobic gram-negative bacterial isolates. | the prompt and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is fundamental to patient health and outcome. recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) have revolutionized bacterial identification in the clinical laboratory, but uniform incorporation of this technology in the u.s. market has been delayed by a lack of fda-cleared systems. in this study, we conducted a multicenter evaluation of the maldi biotyper ca (mbt-ca) system ... | 2015 | 26529504 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-produced nitric oxide has dual roles in pathogenicity and clearance of infection in bacterial-host cell co-cultures. | in humans, the free radical nitric oxide (no) is a concentration-dependent multifunctional signaling or toxic molecule that modulates various physiological and pathological processes, and innate immunity against bacterial infections. because the expression of bacterial genes encoding nitrite reductase (ania) and no reductase (norb) is highly upregulated in biofilms in vitro, it is important to investigate whether bacterial no-metabolism might subvert host no signaling and play pathogenic roles d ... | 2015 | 26537639 |
| next generation protein based streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines. | all currently available streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. both the 23-valent spn polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) and 7, 10, or 13-valent spn conjugate vaccines (pcv-7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. emergence of replacement spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based spn vaccines. furthermore, capsu ... | 2015 | 26539741 |
| next generation protein based streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines. | all currently available streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. both the 23-valent spn polysaccharide vaccine (ppv) and 7, 10, or 13-valent spn conjugate vaccines (pcv-7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. emergence of replacement spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based spn vaccines. furthermore, capsu ... | 2015 | 26539741 |
| zabofloxacin versus moxifloxacin in patients with copd exacerbation: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, phase iii, non-inferiority trial. | a new quinolone, zabofloxacin, has now been developed; hence, a non-inferiority trial is needed to compare this new compound with another widely used quinolone to examine its efficacy and safety for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations. this was a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, phase iii, non-inferiority clinical trial designed to compare oral zabofloxacin (367 mg once daily for 5 days) with mox ... | 2015 | 26543359 |
| novel applications of statins for bone regeneration. | the use of statins for bone regeneration is a promising and growing area of research. statins, originally developed to treat high cholesterol, are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. because the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a wide variety of important biochemical molecules, including cholesterol and other isoprenoids, the effects of statins are pleiotropic. in particular, statins can greatly affect the ... | 2014 | 26543666 |
| novel applications of statins for bone regeneration. | the use of statins for bone regeneration is a promising and growing area of research. statins, originally developed to treat high cholesterol, are inhibitors of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. because the mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a wide variety of important biochemical molecules, including cholesterol and other isoprenoids, the effects of statins are pleiotropic. in particular, statins can greatly affect the ... | 2014 | 26543666 |
| the nutraceutical properties of ovotransferrin and its potential utilization as a functional food. | ovotransferrin or conalbumin belong to the transferrin protein family and is endowed with both iron-transfer and protective activities. in addition to its well-known antibacterial properties, ovotransferrin displays other protective roles similar to those already ascertained for the homologous mammalian lactoferrin. these additional functions, in many cases not directly related to iron binding, are also displayed by the peptides derived from partial hydrolysis of ovotransferrin, suggesting a dir ... | 2015 | 26556366 |
| fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a common airway disorder. in particular, acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) can significantly reduce pulmonary function. the majority of aecopd episodes are attributed to infections, although environmental stress also plays a role. increasing urbanization and associated air pollution, especially in developing countries, have been shown to contribute to copd pathogenesis. elevated levels of particulate matter (pm) in polluted air are strongly corr ... | 2015 | 26557095 |
| exploring the origins of asthma: lessons from twin studies. | this thesis explores the contribution of twin studies, particularly those studies originating from the danish twin registry, to the understanding of the aetiology of asthma. first, it is explored how twin studies have established the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the variation in the susceptibility to asthma, and to the variation in several aspects of the clinical expression of the disease such as its age at onset, its symptomatology, its intermediate phenotypes, and its r ... | 2014 | 26557247 |
| vaccine targets against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. no vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis. promising m. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. | 2015 | 26565427 |
| vaccine targets against moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a prominent pathogen that causes acute otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults, resulting in a significant socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems globally. no vaccine is currently available for m. catarrhalis. promising m. catarrhalis target antigens have been characterized in animal models and should soon enter human clinical trials. | 2015 | 26565427 |
| prevalence and molecular characterizations of enterovirus d68 among children with acute respiratory infection in china between 2012 and 2014. | ev-d68 is associated with respiratory tract infections (rtis). since its first isolation, ev-d68 has been detected sporadically. however, the us and canada have experienced outbreaks of ev-d68 infections between august and december 2014. this study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ev-d68 in chongqing, southwestern china. from january 2012 to november 2014, 1876 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens (npas) were collected from hospitalized children with r ... | 2015 | 26568267 |
| early administration of azithromycin and prevention of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses in preschool children with a history of such illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. | many preschool children develop recurrent, severe episodes of lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). although viral infections are often present, bacteria may also contribute to illness pathogenesis. strategies that effectively attenuate such episodes are needed. | 2015 | 26575060 |
| viral infection in adults with severe acute respiratory infection in colombia. | to identify the viral aetiology in adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (sari) admitted to sentinel surveillance institutions in bogotá in 2012. | 2015 | 26576054 |
| synergy and mode of action of ceftazidime plus quercetin or luteolin on streptococcus pyogenes. | streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. the recommended therapy has been often failure through the interfering of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (blpb). the present study was to investigate antibacterial activity, synergy, and modes of action of luteolin and quercetin using alone and plus ceftazidime against s. pyogenes. the mics of ceftazidime, luteolin, and quercetin against all s. pyogenes were 0.50, 128, and 128 µg ml(-1), respectively. a synergistic effect was e ... | 2015 | 26576195 |
| 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore-based benzofused nitrogen/sulfur heterocycles with potential anti-moraxella catarrhalis activity. | versatile 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore-based benzofused heterocycles containing halogen-substituted aromatic (9-17 and 25-28), 7-substituted coumarin (18-23 and 29-30) or penciclovir-like subunit (31a,b-38a) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their antibacterial activities against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. hybridization approach using environmentally friendly cu(i)-catalyzed click reaction under microwave irradiation was adopted in the synthesis of regioselective ... | 2015 | 26578325 |
| antibiotic drugs targeting bacterial rnas. | rnas have diverse structures that include bulges and internal loops able to form tertiary contacts or serve as ligand binding sites. the recent increase in structural and functional information related to rnas has put them in the limelight as a drug target for small molecule therapy. in addition, the recognition of the marked difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rrna has led to the development of antibiotics that specifically target bacterial rrna, reduce protein translation and thereby ... | 2014 | 26579393 |
| lung disease and hypertension. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. airflow limitation is a predictor of future risks of hypertension and cardiovascular events. copd is now understood as a systemic inflammatory disease, with the focus on inflammation of the lungs. an association between inflammation and sympathetic overactivity has also been reported. in this article, we review the association between chronic lung disease and the risks of hypertension, ... | 2014 | 26587450 |
| lung disease and hypertension. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. airflow limitation is a predictor of future risks of hypertension and cardiovascular events. copd is now understood as a systemic inflammatory disease, with the focus on inflammation of the lungs. an association between inflammation and sympathetic overactivity has also been reported. in this article, we review the association between chronic lung disease and the risks of hypertension, ... | 2014 | 26587450 |
| biofilm models of polymicrobial infection. | interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. these interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. an increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. here w ... | 2015 | 26592098 |
| immune dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a complex chronic disease. chronic inflammation is the hallmark of copd, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the lung microenvironment. cigarette smoke (cs) induces chronic lung inflammation and is considered a key etiological factor in the development and pathogenesis of copd. structural and inflammatory cells in the lung respond to cs exposure by releasing proinflammatory mediators that recruit additional inflammatory immune cel ... | 2015 | 26595735 |
| the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are thought to be associated with--and perhaps to mediate--accelerated loss of lung function in copd. although the application of culture-independent methods for detection of bacteria have shown copd to be associated with marked differences in the burden, diversity, and composition of the bronchial bacterial microbiome, few studies have examined the changes associated with community-acquired exacerbations of the disease. in a lo ... | 2015 | 26595736 |
| the vaccine candidate substrate binding protein sbp2 plays a key role in arginine uptake, which is required for growth of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human pathogen that is an important cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections would have an enormous global impact in reducing morbidity resulting from these infections. substrate binding protein 2 (sbp2) of an abc transporter system has recently been identified as a promising vaccine candidate antigen on the bacterial surface ... | 2016 | 26597985 |
| periodontal status and oral health behavior in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | we evaluated the periodontal health status and oral health behavior among hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) to assess the association of copd with dental health. | 2015 | 26604629 |
| spectrophotometric investigations of macrolide antibiotics: a brief review. | macrolides, one of the most commonly used class of antibiotics, are a group of drugs produced by streptomyces species. they belong to the polyketide class of natural products. their activity is due to the presence of a large macrolide lactone ring with deoxy sugar moieties. they are protein synthesis inhibitors and broad-spectrum antibiotics, active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. different analytical techniques have been reported for the determination of macrolides such a ... | 2015 | 26609215 |
| full genomic characterization of a saffold virus isolated in peru. | while studying respiratory infections of unknown etiology we detected saffold virus in an oropharyngeal swab collected from a two-year-old female suffering from diarrhea and respiratory illness. the full viral genome recovered by deep sequencing showed 98% identity to a previously described saffold strain isolated in japan. phylogenetic analysis confirmed the peruvian saffold strain belongs to genotype 3 and is most closely related to strains that have circulated in asia. this is the first docum ... | 2015 | 26610576 |
| a new model for non-typeable haemophilus influenzae middle ear infection in the junbo mutant mouse. | acute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear, is the most common bacterial infection in children and, as a consequence, is the most common reason for antimicrobial prescription to this age group. there is currently no effective vaccine for the principal pathogen involved, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi). the most frequently used and widely accepted experimental animal model of middle ear infection is in chinchillas, but mice and gerbils have also been used. we have established a ... | 2016 | 26611891 |
| effects of rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with wild or variant types of mannose-binding lectin and toll-like receptors 3 and 4. | development of respiratory tract infections is determined by interactions between viruses, bacteria, and the host innate immune response. we investigated the impact of natural rhinovirus infection on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in infants with or without gene polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) and toll-like receptors (tlrs) 3 and 4. | 2013 | 26619478 |
| parental views on acute otitis media (aom) and its therapy in children--results of an exploratory survey in german childcare facilities. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the main reasons for medical consultation and antibiotic use during childhood. although 80% of aom cases are self-limiting, antibiotic prescription is still high, either for physician- or for parent-related factors. this study aims to identify parental knowledge about, beliefs and attitudes towards, and experiences with aom and its therapy and thus to gain insights into parents' perspectives within the german health care system. | 2015 | 26620979 |
| sodium houttuyfonate inhibits biofilm formation and alginate biosynthesis-associated gene expression in a clinical strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. | the increasing multidrug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious public-health problem. in the present study, the inhibitory activities of sodium houttuyfonate (sh) against biofilm formation and alginate production in a clinical strain of p.aeruginosa (ah16) were investigated in vitro using crystal violet dying and standard curve methods, respectively. the cellular morphology of p. aeruginosa treated with sh was observed using a scanning electron microscope. furthermore, revers ... | 2015 | 26622388 |
| individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. | for bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. however, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. they thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. they are usually more tolerant to s ... | 2015 | 26629334 |
| putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a matched cohort study. | patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are at risk for developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. a clinical algorithm has been validated to discriminate colonization from putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (pipa) in aspergillus-positive respiratory tract cultures of critically ill patients. we focused on critically ill patients with copd who met the criteria for pipa. | 2015 | 26631029 |
| functional metagenomics of the bronchial microbiome in copd. | the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is frequently aggravated by exacerbations, and changes in the composition and activity of the microbiome may be implicated in their appearance. the aim of this study was to analyse the composition and the gene content of the microbial community in bronchial secretions of copd patients in both stability and exacerbation. taxonomic data were obtained by 16s rrna gene amplification and pyrosequencing, and metabolic information through shotg ... | 2015 | 26632844 |
| haemophilus influenzae induces steroid-resistant inflammatory responses in copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is an inflammatory disorder partially resistant to glucocorticoids. a reduced histone deacetylase (hdac) activity has been proposed to explain this resistance. haemophilus influenzae frequently colonizes the airways of copd patients, where it enhances inflammation. the effects of haemophilus influenzae on hdac activity have not been investigated before. | 2015 | 26642881 |
| frequency of bacterial agents isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis in northern iran. | sinusitis is a disease with significant health problems. diagnosis of sinusitis is clinical. the golden standard for detection of microorganisms that cause sinusitis is the culture of sinus drainage discharge. | 2015 | 26652093 |
| frequency of bacterial agents isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis in northern iran. | sinusitis is a disease with significant health problems. diagnosis of sinusitis is clinical. the golden standard for detection of microorganisms that cause sinusitis is the culture of sinus drainage discharge. | 2015 | 26652093 |
| chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. | there are a variety of medical conditions associated with chronic sinonasal inflammation, including chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) and cystic fibrosis. in particular, crs can be divided into 2 major subgroups based on whether nasal polyps are present or absent. unfortunately, clinical treatment strategies for patients with chronic sinonasal inflammation are limited, in part because the underlying mechanisms contributing to disease pathology are heterogeneous and not entirely known. it is hypothesi ... | 2015 | 26654193 |
| urethritis-associated pathogens in urine from men with non-gonococcal urethritis: a case-control study. | the aetiology of non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) remains unexplained in 30-40% of patients. urine samples from men attending swedish sexually transmitted disease clinics were examined by species-specific quantitative pcrs for chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, ureaplasma urealyticum, u. parvum, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. a total of 187 men with acute ngu (s ... | 2016 | 26658669 |
| distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infection in patients with bronchial asthma. | this study aimed to analyze nosocomial respiratory infection (nri) in patients with bronchial asthma. among the clinical data of 575 asthmatic patients that was collected and analyzed, 52 were diagnosed with nri. the most common gram-positive bacterial species was streptococcus pneumoniae, which was detected in 8 patients, whereas the predominant gram-negative bacteria included haemophilus influenzae (11 patients), moraxella catarrhalis (8 patients), and escherichia coli (7 patients). the simult ... | 2015 | 26662406 |
| bacterial flora in the sputum and comorbidity in patients with acute exacerbations of copd. | to determine in patients admitted with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) the association between the isolation of potential pathogens in a conventional sputum culture and comorbidities. | 2015 | 26664106 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacteria in the 7th year after implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the netherlands. | after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) in the infant national immunization program (nip) in the netherlands in 2006, streptococcus pneumoniae strains of the non-vaccine serotype 19a emerged and became the dominant serotype in carriage in children and their parents. similar patterns were observed in other european countries and the united states. increases in carriage rates of staphylococcus aureus and non-typeable (nt) haemophilus influenzae were also observed. ... | 2016 | 26667610 |
| continued high incidence of children with severe influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11-2012/13. | previous influenza surveillance at paediatric intensive care units (picus) in germany indicated increased incidence of picu admissions for the pandemic influenza subtype a(h1n1)pdm09. we investigated incidence and clinical characteristics of influenza in children admitted to picus during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, using active screening. | 2015 | 26678835 |
| detection of antimicrobial activity of banana peel (musa paradisiaca l.) on porphyromonas gingivalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: an in vitro study. | banana is used widely because of its nutritional values. in past, there are studies that show banana plant parts, and their fruits can be used to treat the human diseases. banana peel is a part of banana fruit that also has the antibacterial activity against microorganisms but has not been studied extensively. since, there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of banana peel against periodontal pathogens. hence, the aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of ... | 2015 | 26681854 |
| mannose-binding lectin protein and its association to clinical outcomes in copd: a longitudinal study. | functional deficiency of mannose-binding lectin (mbl) may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. we hypothesized that specific mbl2 gene polymorphisms and circulating mbl protein levels are associated with clinically relevant outcomes in the predicting outcome using systemic markers in severe exacerbations of copd promise-copd cohort. | 2015 | 26684757 |
| hepatocytes: a key cell type for innate immunity. | hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against invading microorganisms by secreting innate immunity proteins. these proteins include bactericidal proteins that directly kill bacteria, opsonins that assist in the phagocytosis of foreign bacteria, iron-sequestering proteins that block iron uptake by bacteria, several soluble factors that regulate lipopolysaccharide sig ... | 2015 | 26685902 |
| hepatocytes: a key cell type for innate immunity. | hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against invading microorganisms by secreting innate immunity proteins. these proteins include bactericidal proteins that directly kill bacteria, opsonins that assist in the phagocytosis of foreign bacteria, iron-sequestering proteins that block iron uptake by bacteria, several soluble factors that regulate lipopolysaccharide sig ... | 2015 | 26685902 |
| lifespan of restriction-modification systems critically affects avoidance of their recognition sites in host genomes. | avoidance of palindromic recognition sites of type ii restriction-modification (r-m) systems was shown for many r-m systems in dozens of prokaryotic genomes. however the phenomenon has not been investigated systematically for all presently available genomes and annotated r-m systems. we have studied all known recognition sites in thousands of prokaryotic genomes and found factors that influence their avoidance. | 2015 | 26689194 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induces hdac1-mediated suppression of il-12b gene expression in macrophages. | downregulation of host gene expression is one of the many strategies employed by intracellular pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) to survive inside the macrophages and cause disease. the underlying molecular mechanism behind the downregulation of host defense gene expression is largely unknown. in this study we explored the role of histone deacetylation in macrophages in response to infection by virulent mtb h37rv in manipulating host gene expression. we show a significant increa ... | 2015 | 26697414 |
| polymicrobial intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia: prevalence, microbiology and outcome. | microbial aetiology of intensive care unit (icu)-acquired pneumonia (icuap) determines antibiotic treatment and outcomes. the impact of polymicrobial icuap is not extensively known. we therefore investigated the characteristics and outcomes of polymicrobial aetiology of icuap. | 2015 | 26703094 |
| moraxella catarrhalis evades host innate immunity via targeting cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. | moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory tract pathogen commonly causing otitis media in children and acute exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (comp) functions as a structural component in cartilage, as well as a regulator of complement activity. importantly, comp is detected in resident macrophages and monocytes, alveolar fluid, and the endothelium of blood vessels in lung tissue. we show that the majority of clinica ... | 2016 | 26712944 |
| detection of bacteria in middle ear effusions based on the presence of allergy: does allergy augment bacterial infection in the middle ear? | bacterial infection, eustachian tube dysfunction, allergies, and immunologic factors are major causes of otitis media with effusion (ome). however, the exact pathogenesis of ome is still unclear. this study evaluated whether allergy influences bacterial growth in middle ear effusions. | 2015 | 26714647 |