Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ocimumsanctum linn. and cocosnucifera linn. in murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the role of immunomodulation in the therapeutic treatment of visceral leishmaniasis has gained eminence in view of moderate to severe drawbacks of the currently available drugs like toxicity, drug resistance and prohibitive costs. the potential for modulation of the immune system of many herbal plants can be tapped to address these problems. we conducted the present research study to investigate the antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of ocimum sanctum linn. and cocos nucifera linn. dur ... | 2017 | 28316391 |
| leishmania donovani nucleoside hydrolase (nh36) domains induce t-cell cytokine responses in human visceral leishmaniasis. | development of immunoprotection against visceral leishmaniasis (vl) focused on the identification of antigens capable of inducing a th1 immune response. alternatively, antigens targeting the cd8 and t-regulatory responses are also relevant in vl pathogenesis and worthy of being included in a preventive human vaccine. we assessed in active and cured patients and vl asymptomatic subjects the clinical signs and cytokine responses to the leishmania donovani nucleoside hydrolase nh36 antigen and its ... | 2017 | 28321221 |
| identification of novel inhibitors of leishmania donovani γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase using structure-based virtual screening, docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro studies. | trypansomatids maintain their redox balance by the trypanothione-based redox system, enzymes of which exhibit differences from mammalian homologues. γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gcs) is an essential enzyme in this pathway that performs the first and rate-limiting step. l-buthionine-(s,r)-sulfoximine (bso), a specific inhibitor of gcs, induces toxicity in hosts infected with trypanosoma brucei, underlining the need for novel gcs inhibitors. the present study reports identification of leishmania ... | 2017 | 28322559 |
| leishmania donovani resistant to ambisome or miltefosine exacerbates cd58 expression on nk cells and promotes trans-membrane migration in association with cd2. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a disease that is associated with compromised immunity and drug un-responsiveness as well as with the emergence of drug resistance in leishmania donovani (ld). ld down-modulates cellular immunity by manipulating signaling agents, including a higher expression of the adhesion molecule cd58. the expression of cd58 and cd2 on natural killer (nk) cells facilitates intercellular adhesion and signaling. the influence of drug-resistant ld on the expression of cd58 and cd2 ... | 2017 | 28324803 |
| domestic dogs as reservoir hosts for leishmania donovani in the southernmost western ghats in india. | the peripheral blood samples from domestic dogs (n=47) and wild rats (n=25) in the kani tribe settlements, located southernmost part of the western ghats, thiruvananthapuram district, kerala, india were examined for leishmania infection. this area is known for cases of leishmaniasis with cutaneous manifestations and sandfly abundance. the tribes domesticate dogs to protect them from untoward activities of wild animals. leishmania donovani parasite dna was detected only from 6.4% (n=3) of the blo ... | 2017 | 28327413 |
| increased transmissibility of leishmania donovani from the mammalian host to vector sand flies after multiple exposures to sand fly bites. | patients with active visceral leishmaniasis are important reservoirs in the anthroponotic transmission cycle of leishmania donovani. the role of the blood or skin as a source of infection to sand flies remains unclear, and the possible effect of multiple exposures to fly bites on transmissibility has not been addressed. | 2017 | 28329329 |
| development of a rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for diagnosis and assessment of cure of leishmania infection. | leishmaniasis is a spectrum of diseases with great relevance to public health. conventional diagnostic methods are time consuming, needing trained personnel. a robust, rapid and cost effective diagnostic test is warranted for on-time diagnosis and field application. | 2017 | 28335752 |
| biologically-guided isolation of leishmanicidal secondary metabolites from euphorbia peplus l. | leishmaniasis is a worldwide health problem, highly endemic in developing countries. moreover, the severe side effects and the reported drug resistance make it an urgent need to search for effective drugs that can replace or supplement those currently used. in a research program designed to investigate the antileishmanial activity of plants collected from the egyptian flora, twenty extracts from fifteen plants growing in egypt have been investigated for in vitro leishmanicidal activity against l ... | 2017 | 28344474 |
| an unusual presentation of leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive individual. | leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by vector-borne protozoa of the genus leishmania. cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms result in disfiguration or mutilation, whilst visceral leishmaniasis (vl) affects multiple organs and is fatal if untreated. notably, leishmania are capable of establishing a chronic infection, which may reactivate years after initial infection when the host becomes immune-suppressed. | 2016 | 28348746 |
| biochemical and inhibition studies of glutamine synthetase from leishmania donovani. | leishmaniasis is a group of tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania. leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis, a fatal disease if left untreated. chemotherapy for leishmaniasis is problematic as the available drugs are toxic, costly and shows drug resistance, hence, there is a necessity to look out for the novel drug targets, chemical entities and vaccine. glutamine synthetase (gs) catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glu ... | 2017 | 28351708 |
| heterologous expression, purification and characterization of l-type lectin homologue from leishmania donovani. | leishmaniasis, a disease of the developing world affects about 12 million people and has limited therapeutic interventions available. l-type lectins, endoplasmic reticulum golgi intermediate compartment/vesicular integral proteins (ergic-53/vip36) are involved in protein sorting in luminal compartments of animal cells and are important for parasite biology. a lectin homologue was identified through a bioinformatics analysis of leishmania genome and it was found to have n-terminal conserved carbo ... | 2015 | 28352576 |
| nanoliposomal artemisinin for the treatment of murine visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a fatal, vector-borne disease caused by the intracellular protozoa of the genus leishmania. most of the therapeutics for vl are toxic, expensive, or ineffective. sesquiterpenes are a new class of drugs with proven antimicrobial and antiviral activities. artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone with potent antileishmanial activity, but with limited access to infected cells, being a highly lipophilic molecule. association of artemisinin with liposome is a desirable str ... | 2017 | 28356736 |
| anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activities of amino acid-triazole hybrids: synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and in silico physico-chemical properties. | according to who, leishmaniasis is a major tropical disease, ranking second after malaria. significant efforts have been therefore invested into finding potent inhibitors for the treatment. in this work, eighteen novel 1,2,3-triazoles appended with l-amino acid (phe/pro/trp) tail were synthesized via azide-alkyne click chemistry with moderate to good yield, and evaluated for their anti-leishmanial activity against promastigote form of leishmania donovani (dd8 strain). among all, compounds 40, 43 ... | 2017 | 28359789 |
| a systematic reconstruction and constraint-based analysis of leishmania donovani metabolic network: identification of potential antileishmanial drug targets. | visceral leishmaniasis, a lethal parasitic disease, is caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. the absence of an effective vaccine, drug toxicity and parasite resistance necessitates the identification of novel drug targets. reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic models and their simulation has been established as an important tool for systems-level understanding of a microorganism's metabolism. in this work, amalgamating the tools and techniques of computational systems biology ... | 2017 | 28367572 |
| expression profiling of sudanese visceral leishmaniasis patients pre- and post-treatment with sodium stibogluconate. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in sudan caused by leishmania donovani is fatal in susceptible individuals if untreated. treatment with sodium stibogluconate (ssg) leads to post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) in 58% of patients. here affymetrix microarrays were used to identify genes differentially expressed in lymph nodes (n=9 paired samples) pre- and post-treatment with ssg. using the bioconductor package limma, 438 genes from 28,869 post quality-control probe-sets were differentially expre ... | 2017 | 28370072 |
| comparison of recombinant proteins of kinesin 39, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 83, and glycoprotein 63 for antibody detection of leishmania martiniquensis infection. | leishmania martiniquensis, a zoonotic hemoflagellate, is a causative agent of cutaneous (cl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl) among humans and animals. this organism, first reported in martinique island, now has become an emerging infectious agent in thailand. symptomatic cases of l. martiniquensis infection among humans have continuously increased. in the meantime, asymptomatic infection of this novel species has seriously created national public health awareness and concern to prevent and contr ... | 2017 | 28370779 |
| structure and biosynthesis of isatropolones, bioactive amine-scavenging fluorescent natural products from streptomyces gö66. | the natural products isatropolone a-c (1-3) were reisolated from streptomyces gö66, with 1 and 3 showing potent activity against leishmania donovani. they contain a rare tropolone ring derived from a type ii polyketide biosynthesis pathway. their biosynthesis was elucidated by labeling experiments, analysis of the biosynthesis gene cluster, its partial heterologous expression, and structural characterization of various intermediates. owing to their 1,5-diketone moiety, they can react with ammoni ... | 2017 | 28371116 |
| immuno-informatics based approaches to identify cd8+ t cell epitopes within the leishmania donovani 3-ectonucleotidase in cured visceral leishmaniasis subjects. | leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases for which no vaccine exists. these diseases are caused by the leishmania species complex. activation of the cd8(+) t cell is crucial for protection against intracellular pathogens, and peptide antigens are attractive strategies for the precise activation of cd8(+) t in vaccine development against intracellular infections. the traditional approach to mine the epitopes is an arduous task. however, with the advent of immunoinformatics, in silico epitope predi ... | 2017 | 28373107 |
| characterization of ciliobrevin a mediated dynein atpase inhibition on flagellar motility of leishmania donovani. | axonemal dyneins are members of aaa+ proteins involved in force generation and are responsible for flagellar motility in eukaryotes. in this study, we characterized the effects of ciliobrevin a (cba), a dynein atpase inhibitor, on flagella driven motility of the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. using fast-capture video microscopy, we observed that cba decreased flagellar beat frequency of swimming parasites in a concentration-dependent manner. beat frequency of live and reactivated l. don ... | 2017 | 28389272 |
| anti-trypanosomatid elemanolide sesquiterpene lactones from vernonia lasiopus o. hoffm. | sleeping sickness or human african trypanosomiasis (hat) is a neglected tropical disease (ntd) threatening millions of peoples' lives with thousands infected. the disease is endemic in poorly developed regions of sub-saharan africa and is caused by the kinetoplastid "protozoan" parasite trypanosoma brucei. the parasites are transmitted to humans through bites of infected tsetse flies of the genus glossina. the few available drugs for treatment of this disease are highly toxic, difficult to admin ... | 2017 | 28397756 |
| development and evaluation of a cedrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier system for in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of wild and drug resistant leishmania donovani amastigotes. | leishmaniasis is an epidemic in various countries, and the parasite leishmania donovani is developing resistance against available drugs. in the present study the antileishmanial action of cedrol was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. activity potentiation was achieved via nanostructured lipid carrier (nlc) complexation of cedrol. cedrol-loaded nlc was prepared through the hot-melting emulsification-ultrasonication method. the cedrol- nlc prepared did not require the use of any organic solvents. th ... | 2017 | 28400285 |
| development of high efficacy peptide coated iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulated amphotericin b drug delivery system against visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis, a protozoan disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies which affect mostly in indian sub-continent. the treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani are limited and unsatisfactory. currently available drug against such as miltefosine and polymer based drugs ambisome has high efficacy against vl but found serious side effects and poor absorbance. to overcome this, we developed peptide (glycine) coated iron oxide (fe3o4) nanoparticles (ginps) e ... | 2017 | 28415438 |
| antiparasitic sesquiterpenes from the cameroonian spice scleria striatinux and preliminary in vitro and in silico dmpk assessment. | the antiparasitic activity and preliminary in vitro and in silico drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (dmpk) assessment of six isomeric sesquiterpenes (1-6), isolated from the cameroonian spice scleria striatinux de wild (cyperaceae) is reported. the study was prompted by the observation that two of the compounds (1 and 2) exhibited varying levels of antiparasitic activity on plasmodium falciparum, trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani. the in silico method em ... | 2017 | 28421410 |
| what pre-columbian mummies could teach us about south american leishmaniases? | a recent report on the taxonomic profile of the human gut microbiome in pre-columbian mummies (santiago-rodriguez et al. 2016) gives for the first time evidence of the presence of leishmania dna (sequences similar to leishmania donovani according to the authors) that can be reminiscent of visceral leishmaniasis during the pre-columbian era. it is commonly assumed that leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) was introduced into the new world by the iber ... | 2017 | 28423167 |
| leishmania donovani tyrosyl-trna synthetase structure in complex with a tyrosyl adenylate analog and comparisons with human and protozoan counterparts. | the crystal structure of leishmania donovani tyrosyl-trna synthetase (ldtyrrs) in complex with a nanobody and the tyrosyl adenylate analog tyrsa was determined at 2.75 å resolution. nanobodies are the variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. the nanobody makes numerous crystal contacts and in addition reduces the flexibility of a loop of ldtyrrs. tyrsa is engaged in many interactions with active site residues occupying the tyrosine and adenine binding pockets. the ldtyrrs polypep ... | 2017 | 28427904 |
| minimally invasive microbiopsies: a novel sampling method for identifying asymptomatic, potentially infectious carriers of leishmania donovani. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a potentially lethal, sand fly-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the leishmania donovani species complex. there are several adequate methods for diagnosing vl, but the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, comprising potential parasite reservoirs for transmission of the disease. the gold standard for assessing host infectiousness to biting vector insects is xenodiagnosis (i.e. scoring infection rates among insectary-reared ins ... | 2017 | 28455239 |
| hsp90 inhibitors radicicol and geldanamycin have opposing effects on leishmania aha1-dependent proliferation. | hsp90 and its co-chaperones are essential for the medically important parasite leishmania donovani, facilitating life cycle control and intracellular survival. activity of hsp90 is regulated by co-chaperones of the aha1 and p23 families. in this paper, we studied the expression of l. donovani aha1 in two life cycle stages, its interaction with hsp90 and the phenotype of aha1 null mutants during the insect stage and inside infected macrophages. this study provides a detailed in vitro analysis of ... | 2017 | 28455612 |
| corrigendum to "cross reactive molecules of human lymphatic filaria brugia malayi inhibit leishmania donovani infection in hamsters" [acta trop. 152 (2015) 103-111]. | 2017 | 28456277 | |
| 7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines: novel antitubercular agents lead to a new preclinical candidate for visceral leishmaniasis. | within a backup program for the clinical investigational agent pretomanid (pa-824), scaffold hopping from delamanid inspired the discovery of a novel class of potent antitubercular agents that unexpectedly possessed notable utility against the kinetoplastid disease visceral leishmaniasis (vl). following the identification of delamanid analogue dndi-vl-2098 as a vl preclinical candidate, this structurally related 7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine class was further explor ... | 2017 | 28459575 |
| in vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity of computationally screened compounds against ascorbate peroxidase to combat amphotericin b drug resistance. | in visceral leishmaniasis (vl), the host macrophages generate oxidative stress to destroy the pathogen, while leishmania combats the harmful effect of radicals by redox homeostasis through its unique trypanothione cascade. leishmania donovani ascorbate peroxidase (ldapx) is a redox enzyme that regulates the trypanothione cascade and detoxifies the effect of h2o2 the absence of an ldapx homologue in humans makes it an excellent drug target. in this study, the homology model of ldapx was built, in ... | 2017 | 28461317 |
| oral delivery of ursolic acid-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier coated with chitosan oligosaccharides: development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo assessment for the therapy of leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a life-threatening disease caused by leishmania donovani due to uncontrolled parasitisation of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. ursolic acid (ua), a promising anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-diabetic drug used successfully for treatment of ailments. development of new delivery system is extremely urgent for ua with better efficacy and fewer side effects. the aim of present research work was to formulate and evaluate the potential anti-leishmanial activity ... | 2017 | 28465178 |
| voacamine alters leishmania ultrastructure and kills parasite by poisoning unusual bi-subunit topoisomerase ib. | indole alkaloids possess a large spectrum of biological activities including anti-protozoal action. here we report for the first time that voacamine, isolated from the plant tabernaemontana coronaria, is an antiprotozoal agent effective against a large array of trypanosomatid parasites including indian strain of leishmania donovani and brazilian strains of leishmania amazonensis and trypanosoma cruzi. it inhibits the relaxation activity of topoisomerase ib of l. donovani (ldtop1b) and stabilizes ... | 2017 | 28483460 |
| hat2 mediates histone h4k4 acetylation and affects micrococcal nuclease sensitivity of chromatin in leishmania donovani. | histone post-translational modifications (ptms) such as acetylation and methylation are known to affect chromatin higher order structures. primary targets of these modifications include basic residues present at n-terminus tail region of core histones. four histone acetyltransferase (hat) genes have been identified in trypanosomatids. hat1, hat3 and hat4 of leishmania donovani have been partially characterized. however, there is no report about hat2 of leishmania donovani. lysine residues presen ... | 2017 | 28486547 |
| the mitochondrial sir2 related protein 2 (sir2rp2) impacts leishmania donovani growth and infectivity. | leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite is the major causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. increased toxicity and resistance to the existing repertoire of drugs has been reported. hence, an urgent need exists for identifying newer drugs and drug targets. previous reports have shown sirtuins (silent information regulator) from kinetoplastids as promising drug targets. leishmania species code for three sir2 (silent information regulator) related proteins. here, we for the first time report ... | 2017 | 28493888 |
| alkamides from anacyclus pyrethrum l. and their in vitro antiprotozoal activity. | in our ongoing study to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of alkamides from asteraceae, a dichloromethane extract from the roots of anacycluspyrethrum l. showed a moderate in vitro activity against the nf54 strain of plasmodium falciparum and against leishmaniadonovani (amastigotes, mhom/et/67/l82 strain). seven pure alkamides and a mixture of two further alkamides were isolated by column chromatography followed by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. the alkamides were identifi ... | 2017 | 28498323 |
| combined treatment of miltefosine and paromomycin delays the onset of experimental drug resistance in leishmania infantum. | since miltefosine monotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani has been discontinued in the indian subcontinent due to an increase in the number of treatment failures, single dose liposomal amphotericin b is now advocated as a treatment option of choice. paromomycin-miltefosine combination therapy can be used as substitute first-line treatment in regions without cold-chain potential. previous laboratory studies in the closely related species leishmania infantum h ... | 2017 | 28505185 |
| efficacy of a binuclear cyclopalladated compound therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the murine model of infection with leishmania amazonensis and its inhibitory effect on topoisomerase 1b. | leishmaniasis is a disease found throughout the (sub)tropical parts of the world caused by protozoan parasites of the leishmania genus. despite the numerous problems associated with existing treatments, pharmaceutical companies continue to neglect the development of better ones. the high toxicity of current drugs combined with emerging resistance makes the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives urgent. we report here the evaluation of a binuclear cyclopalladated complex containing pd(ii) and ... | 2017 | 28507113 |
| molecular events leading to death of leishmania donovani under spermidine starvation after hypericin treatment. | we have previously reported that the hypericin treatment caused spermidine starvation and death of leishmania parasite. here, we report different molecular events under spermidine starvation and potential role of spermidine in processes other than redox homeostasis of the parasite. we have analyzed changes in expression of several genes by using quantitative gene expression analysis. further, these changes at molecular level were also confirmed by using biochemical and cellular studies. altered ... | 2017 | 28509385 |
| environmental factors associated with the distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in endemic areas of bangladesh: modeling the ecological niche. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a parasitic infection (also called kala-azar in south asia) caused by leishmania donovani that is a considerable threat to public health in the indian subcontinent, including densely populated bangladesh. the disease seriously affects the poorest subset of the population in the subcontinent. despite the fact that the incidence of vl results in significant morbidity and mortality, its environmental determinants are relatively poorly understood, especially in banglad ... | 2017 | 28515660 |
| establishing, expanding, and certifying a closed colony of phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae) for xenodiagnostic studies at the kala azar medical research center, muzaffarpur, bihar, india. | this pilot project was preliminary and essential to a larger effort to define the ability of certain human-subject groups across the infection spectrum to serve as reservoirs of leishmania donovani infection to sand flies in areas of anthroponotic transmission such as in bihar state, india. this is possible only via xenodiagnosis of well-defined subject groups using live vector sand flies. the objective was to establish at the kala azar medical research center (kamrc), muzaffarpur, bihar, india, ... | 2017 | 28525618 |
| modulation of aneuploidy in leishmania donovani during adaptation to different in vitro and in vivo environments and its impact on gene expression. | aneuploidy is usually deleterious in multicellular organisms but appears to be tolerated and potentially beneficial in unicellular organisms, including pathogens. leishmania, a major protozoan parasite, is emerging as a new model for aneuploidy, since in vitro-cultivated strains are highly aneuploid, with interstrain diversity and intrastrain mosaicism. the alternation of two life stages in different environments (extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes) offers a unique opportu ... | 2017 | 28536289 |
| leishmania donovani restricts mitochondrial dynamics to enhance mirnp stability and target rna repression in host macrophages. | micrornas (mirnas), the tiny regulatory rnas, form complexes with argonaute (ago) proteins and inhibit gene expression in metazoan cells. while studying parasite-invaded macrophages, we identify a unique mode of gene regulation in which the parasite leishmania donovani (ld) causes mitochondrial depolarization, reduces mitochondrial dynamics, and restricts turnover of cellular microrna ribonucleoprotein (mirnp) complexes in infected host cells. this leads to increased stability of mirnps along wi ... | 2017 | 28539410 |
| unravelling the rate of action of hits in the leishmania donovani box using standard drugs amphotericin b and miltefosine. | in recent years, the neglected diseases drug discovery community has elected phenotypic screening as the key approach for the identification of novel hit compounds. however, when this approach is applied, important questions related to the mode of action for these compounds remain unanswered. one of such questions is related to the rate of action, a useful piece of information when facing the challenge of prioritising the most promising hit compounds. in the present work, compounds of the "leish ... | 2017 | 28542202 |
| prediction and analysis of promiscuous t cell-epitopes derived from the vaccine candidate antigens of leishmania donovani binding to mhc class-ii alleles using in silico approach. | visceral leishmaniasis is a dreadful infectious disease and caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites, leishmania donovani and leishmania infantum. despite extensive efforts for developing effective prophylactic vaccine, still no vaccine is available against leishmaniasis. however, advancement in immunoinformatics methods generated new dimension in peptide based vaccine development. the present study was aimed to identify t-cell epitopes from the vaccine candidate antigens like lipophospho ... | 2017 | 28549876 |
| preliminary study on investigation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in endemic foci of ethiopia by detecting leishmania infections in rodents. | to investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural villages. | 2017 | 28552113 |
| alcoholic fractions f5 and f6 from withania somnifera leaves show a potent antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities to control experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) causes fatal life-threatening disease, if left untreated. the current drugs have various limitations; hence, natural products from medicinal plants are being focused in search of new drugs to treat leishmaniasis. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of f5 and f6 alcoholic fractions from withania somnifera leaves and purified withaferin-a in leishmania donovani-infected peritoneal macrophages and balb/c mice. ... | 2017 | 28553635 |
| epitope mapping of recombinant leishmania donovani virulence factor a2 (recldvfa2) and canine leishmaniasis diagnosis using a derived synthetic bi-epitope. | leishmaniasis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases spread in latin america. since many species are involved in dog infection with different clinical manifestations, the development of specific diagnostic tests is mandatory for more accurate disease control and vaccine strategies. | 2017 | 28557986 |
| increased miltefosine tolerance in clinical isolates of leishmania donovani is associated with reduced drug accumulation, increased infectivity and resistance to oxidative stress. | miltefosine (mil) is an oral antileishmanial drug used for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the indian subcontinent. recent reports indicate a significant decline in its efficacy with a high rate of relapse in vl as well as post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl). we investigated the parasitic factors apparently involved in miltefosine unresponsiveness in clinical isolates of leishmania donovani. | 2017 | 28575060 |
| gtpase sar1 regulates the trafficking and secretion of the virulence factor gp63 in leishmania. | metalloprotease gp63 (leishmania donovani gp63 (ldgp63)) is a critical virulence factor secreted by leishmania however, how newly synthesized ldgp63 exits the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and is secreted by this parasite is unknown. here, we cloned, expressed, and characterized the gtpase ldsar1 and other copii components like ldsec23, ldsec24, ldsec13, and ldsec31 from leishmania to understand their role in er exit of ldgp63. using dominant-positive (ldsar1:h74l) and dominant-negative (ldsar1:t34 ... | 2017 | 28576830 |
| molecular signatures of neutrophil extracellular traps in human visceral leishmaniasis. | infections with parasites of the leishmania donovani complex result in clinical outcomes that range from asymptomatic infection to severe and fatal visceral leishmaniasis (vl). neutrophils are major players of the immune response against leishmania, but their contribution to distinct states of infection is unknown. gene expression data suggest the activation of the netosis pathway during human visceral leishmaniasis. thus, we conducted an exploratory study to evaluate net-related molecules in re ... | 2017 | 28583201 |
| b-cell activating factor deficiency suppresses splenomegaly during leishmania donovani infection. | b-cell activating factor (baff) is a critical regulator for b-cell development and differentiation. we previously reported elevation of serum baff levels in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in this study, we examined if baff is involved in pathologies during infection of leishmania donovani. balb/ca mice infected with l. donovani showed significant elevation in serum baff and igg levels as seen in vl patients. in contrast, elevation of serum igg by l. donovani infection was significant ... | 2017 | 28583852 |
| mining the proteome of leishmania donovani for the development of novel mhc class i restricted epitope for the control of visceral leishmaniasis. | although, the precise host defence mechanism(s) is not completely understood, t cell-mediated immune responses is believed to play a pivotal role in controlling parasite infection. here we target the stage dependent over expressed gene. here, the consensus based computational approach was adopted for the screening of potential major histocompatibility complex class i restricted epitopes. based on the computational analysis and previously published report, a set 19 antigenic proteins derived from ... | 2017 | 28585770 |
| intracellular zinc flux causes reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial dysfunction leading to cell death in leishmania donovani. | leishmaniasis caused by leishmania parasite is a global threat to public health and one of the most neglected tropical diseases. therefore, the discovery of novel drug targets and effective drug is a major challenge and an important goal. leishmania is an obligate intracellular parasite that alternates between sand fly and human host. to survive and establish infections, leishmania parasites scavenge and internalize nutrients from the host. nevertheless, host cells presents mechanism like nutrie ... | 2017 | 28586364 |
| leishmaniasis in turkey: visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani in turkey. | in turkey, the main causative agents are leishmania tropica (l. tropica) and leishmania infantum (l. infantum) for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and l. infantum for visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in this study, we investigated leishmaniasis cases caused by l. donovani and established animal models for understanding its tropism in in vivo conditions. clinical samples (lesion aspirations and bone marrow) obtained from cl/vl patients were investigated using parasitological (smear/nnn) and dna-based te ... | 2017 | 28587839 |
| a new antifungal and antiprotozoal bibenzyl derivative from gavilea lutea. | a new bibenzyl derivative (4), together with two glycosylated flavonoids (1 and 2), batatasin iii (3) and the phenanthrene isohircinol (5) were isolated from the aerial parts of gavilea lutea. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies including 1d and 2d nmr, uv, ir and hresims. all isolated compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity towards candida albicans. the new compound 4 showed inhibitory activity with a miq of 50 μg. in addition, compound 4 exhibi ... | 2017 | 28595455 |
| alkaloids and leishmania donovani udp-galactopyarnose mutase: anovel approach in drug designing against visceral leishmaniasis. | the unsatisfactory treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis (vl), needs identification of new drug targets. among natural products, alkaloids have been proved to be highly effective against number of diseases. in leishmania udp-galactopyranose mutase (ugm) is a critical enzyme required for cell wall synthesis and thus a drug target for structure based drug designing against l. donovani. | 2017 | 28595543 |
| leishmania donovani infection activates tlr 2, 4 expressions and tgf-β mediated apoptosis in renal tissues. | the present study was aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms of improper renal function in leishmania donovani infection that causes vl. mice (balb/c) were infected with l. donovani and different parameters for proteinuria were assessed. the levels of superoxide anion (o2(-)), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), lipid peroxidation (mda), inflammatory cytokines, and toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and 4 expression were found significantly elevated at 60th day in these animals and declined at 90th day post ... | 2017 | 28606413 |
| ifn-γ, il-2, ip-10, and mig as biomarkers of exposure to leishmania spp., and of cure in human visceral leishmaniasis. | new biomarkers are needed for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (vl). they might also improve the detection of the asymptomatic population in leishmania-endemic areas. this paper examines the il-2, ifn-γ, ifn-γ-induced protein 10 (ip-10), and monokine-induced-by-ifn-γ (mig) levels in whole blood-stimulated in vitro with soluble leishmania antigen (sla)-taken from asymptomatic individuals and patients treated for vl living in a post-outbreak (leishmania infantum ... | 2017 | 28620584 |
| multiplexed spliced-leader sequencing: a high-throughput, selective method for rna-seq in trypanosomatids. | high throughput sequencing techniques are poorly adapted for in vivo studies of parasites, which require prior in vitro culturing and purification. trypanosomatids, a group of kinetoplastid protozoans, possess a distinctive feature in their transcriptional mechanism whereby a specific spliced leader (sl) sequence is added to the 5'end of each mrna by trans-splicing. this allows to discriminate trypansomatid rna from mammalian rna and forms the basis of our new multiplexed protocol for high-throu ... | 2017 | 28623350 |
| pharmacodynamics and biodistribution of single-dose liposomal amphotericin b at different stages of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. characterization of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antileishmanial drugs in preclinical models is important for drug development and use. here we investigated the pharmacodynamics and drug distribution of liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) in leishmania donovani-infected balb/c mice at three different dose levels and two different time points after infection. we additi ... | 2017 | 28630200 |
| hydrophilic acylated surface protein a (haspa) of leishmania donovani: expression, purification and biophysico-chemical characterization. | hydrophilic acylated surface proteins (hasps) are acidic surface proteins which get localized on the surface of leishmania parasite during infective stages through a "non-classical" pathway. in this study, we report the heterologous expression and purification of leishmania donovani haspa (r-ldhaspa) in e. coli system and its partial characterization. the structural aspects of the purified protein were analyzed using cd spectroscopy and modeling studies which indicate that r-ldhaspa consists of ... | 2017 | 28634775 |
| role of inhibitors of serine peptidases in protecting leishmania donovani against the hydrolytic peptidases of sand fly midgut. | in vector-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis, the sand fly midgut is considered to be an important site for vector-parasite interaction. digestive enzymes including serine peptidases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are secreted in the midgut are one of the obstacles for leishmania in establishing a successful infection. the presence of some natural inhibitors of serine peptidases (isps) has recently been reported in leishmania. in the present study, we deciphered the role of these isps ... | 2017 | 28645315 |
| mahanine exerts in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity by modulation of redox homeostasis. | earlier we have established a carbazole alkaloid (mahanine) isolated from an indian edible medicinal plant as an anticancer agent with minimal effect on normal cells. here we report for the first time that mahanine-treated drug resistant and sensitive virulent leishmania donovani promastigotes underwent apoptosis through phosphatidylserine externalization, dna fragmentation and cell cycle arrest. an early induction of reactive oxygen species (ros) suggests that the mahanine-induced apoptosis was ... | 2017 | 28646156 |
| leishmania donovani resides in modified early endosomes by upregulating rab5a expression via the downregulation of mir-494. | several intracellular pathogens arrest the phagosome maturation in the host cells to avoid transport to lysosomes. in contrast, the leishmania containing parasitophorous vacuole (pv) is shown to recruit lysosomal markers and thus leishmania is postulated to be residing in the phagolysosomes in macrophages. here, we report that leishmania donovani specifically upregulates the expression of rab5a by degrading c-jun via their metalloprotease gp63 to downregulate the expression of mir-494 in thp-1 d ... | 2017 | 28650977 |
| cisplatin along with herbal drug treatment reduces the percentage of regulatory t cells and decreased the severity of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis is the most alarming and devastating amongst the various forms of leishmaniases. it is caused by leishmania donovani, an obligate intracellular parasite of macrophages that survives through immunosuppression. absence of t regulatory cells provides complete clearance of the parasite. a few immunoprophylactics have been sought to battle instinctive leishmaniasis, with fluctuating achievement. our previous studies have shown that treatment of l. donovani infected mice with ci ... | 2017 | 28655574 |
| wnt5a signaling promotes host defense against leishmania donovani infection. | leishmania donovani infects macrophages, disrupting immune homeostasis. the underlying mechanism that sustains infection remains unresolved. in view of the potential of wnt5a signaling to support immune homeostasis, we evaluated the interrelationship of wnt5a signaling and leishmania donovani infection. upon infecting macrophages separately with antimony drug-sensitive and -resistant l. donovani, we noted disruption in the steady-state level of wnt5a. moreover, inhibition of wnt5a signaling by s ... | 2017 | 28659356 |
| corrigendum: identification and characterization of mirnas in response to leishmania donovani infection: delineation of their roles in macrophage dysfunction. | [this corrects the article on p. 314 in vol. 8, pmid: 28303124.]. | 2017 | 28659911 |
| antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of lupeol, a triterpene compound isolated from sterculia villosa. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is one of the most severe forms of leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani. nowadays there is a growing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products to treat parasitic diseases. sterculia villosa is an ethnomedicinally important plant. a triterpenoid was isolated from this plant and was screened for its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities in vitro and in vivo. biochemical colour test and spectroscopic data confirmed that ... | 2017 | 28669838 |
| tnf signalling drives expansion of bone marrow cd4+ t cells responsible for hsc exhaustion in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis is associated with significant changes in hematological function but the mechanisms underlying these changes are largely unknown. in contrast to naïve mice, where most long-term hematopoietic stem cells (lt-hscs; lsk cd150+ cd34- cd48- cells) in bone marrow (bm) are quiescent, we found that during leishmania donovani infection most lt-hscs had entered cell cycle. loss of quiescence correlated with a reduced self-renewal capacity and functional exhaustion, as measured by se ... | 2017 | 28671989 |
| whole genome sequencing of live attenuated leishmania donovani parasites reveals novel biomarkers of attenuation and enables product characterization. | no licensed human vaccines are currently available against leishmaniasis. several anti-leishmanial vaccines are currently undergoing testing, including genetically modified live-attenuated parasite vaccines. studies with live attenuated leishmania vaccines such as centrin deleted leishmania donovani parasites (ldcen (-/-)) showed protective immunity in animal models. such studies typically examined the biomarkers of protective immunity however the biomarkers of attenuation in the parasite prepar ... | 2017 | 28680050 |
| skin parasite landscape determines host infectiousness in visceral leishmaniasis. | increasing evidence suggests that the infectiousness of patients for the sand fly vector of visceral leishmaniasis is linked to parasites found in the skin. using a murine model that supports extensive skin infection with leishmania donovani, spatial analyses at macro-(quantitative pcr) and micro-(confocal microscopy) scales indicate that parasite distribution is markedly skewed. mathematical models accounting for this heterogeneity demonstrate that while a patchy distribution reduces the expect ... | 2017 | 28680146 |
| in vitro effects of purine and pyrimidine analogues on leishmania donovani and leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. | inhibition of parasite metabolic pathways is a rationale for new chemotherapeutic strategies. the pyrimidine and purine salvage pathways are thus targets against leishmania donovani and l. infantum, causative agents of visceral human leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniosis. the antiproliferative effect of the pyrimidine analogues cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil and of the purine analogues azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine was evaluated in vitro on the promastigote and the intracellular amastigote s ... | 2017 | 28682767 |
| the role of pd-1 in regulation of macrophage apoptosis and its subversion by leishmania donovani. | programmed death-1 receptor (pd-1) expressed in many immune cells is known to trigger t-cell exhaustion but the significance of macrophage-associated pd-1 in relevance to macrophage apoptosis is not known. this study is aimed to delineate whether pd-1 pathway has any role in eliciting macrophage apoptosis and, if so, then how the intra-macrophage parasite, leishmania donovani modulates pd-1 pathway for protecting its niche. resting macrophages when treated with h2o2 showed increased pd-1 express ... | 2017 | 28690843 |
| molecular, biochemical characterization and assessment of immunogenic potential of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase against leishmania donovani: a step towards exploring novel vaccine candidate. | despite immense efforts, vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis has yet not been developed. earlier our proteomic study revealed a novel protein, cofactor-independent phoshoglycerate mutase (ldipgam), an important enzyme in glucose metabolism, in t helper cells type 1 (th1) stimulatory region of soluble leishmania donovani antigen. in this study, ldipgam was biochemically and molecularly characterized and evaluated for its immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy against l. donovani. immunogenic ... | 2017 | 28691653 |
| synthesis of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor derived from leishmania donovani that can be functionalized by cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. | a flexible assembly strategy has been developed for the synthesis of leishmania donovani gpi anchors that bear a clickable alkyne tag. this strategy is based on the use of the 2-naphthylmethyl (nap) ethers and levulinoyl (lev) ester for permanent protection of hydroxyls. removal of seven nap ethers by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone made it possible to prepare gpis having an alkyne functionality that could be modified by cu(i)-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions to install tags for imagin ... | 2017 | 28696125 |
| hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) stabilized chitosan modified ampholipospheres as prototype co-delivery vehicle for enhanced killing of l. donovani. | lipid nanoparticles are stable, biodegradable and biocompatible carriers offering excellent therapeutic efficacy. here, a novel effort has been made to develop miltefosine (hepc- hexadecylphosphocholine) stabilized chitosan anchored nanostructured lipid carriers (nlc) of amphotericin b (amb) as co-delivery vehicle to enhance killing of l. donovani. the entrapment efficiency of amb was achieved upto 85.3% for hepc-amb-cnlcs with mean particle size of 150.8±8.4nm, and zeta potential value of +28.2 ... | 2017 | 28716750 |
| homology modeling of leishmania donovani enolase and its molecular interaction with novel inhibitors. | the treatment of indian tropical disease such as kala-azar is likely to be troublesome to the clinicians as ampb- and miltefosine-resistant leishmania donovani has been reported. the rationale behind designed a novel inhibitors of model of l. donovani enolase and performing a binding study with its inhibitors to gain details of the interaction between protein residues and ligand molecules. | 2017 | 28717332 |
| serological and molecular analysis of leishmania infection in healthy individuals from two districts of west bengal, india, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. | abstractseveral epidemiological studies have indicated the presence of asymptomatic infections with leishmania donovani in the indian subcontinent, where parasite transmission is considered anthroponotic. in india, such asymptomatic leishmania cases have been identified in the state of bihar. we explored here, the presence of asymptomatic leishmania infection among healthy individuals living in two districts in the state of west bengal, india, using serological and molecular tests. blood samples ... | 2017 | 28719266 |
| assessment of quality of life in patients with post kalaazar dermal leishmaniasis. | post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) is a dermatological disorder caused by protozoal parasite leishmania donovani. pkdl cases are thought to be a reservoir of parasites and may increase cases of visceral leishmaniasis. the disease is not life threatening but cosmetic disfigurement associated with it may impair the patients' quality of life. this study aimed to assess the health related quality of life in patients with post kalaazar dermal leishmanasis for the first time. | 2017 | 28738881 |
| f1 domain of the leishmania (leishmania) donovani nucleoside hydrolase promotes a th1 response in leishmania (leishmania) infantum cured patients and in asymptomatic individuals living in an endemic area of leishmaniasis. | the leishmania (leishmania) donovani nucleoside hydrolase nh36 is the main antigen of the leishmune(®) vaccine and one of the promising candidates for vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis. the antigenicity of the n-terminal (f1), the central (f2), or the c-terminal recombinant domain (f3) of nh36 was evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from individuals infected with l. (l.) infantum from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis of spain. both nh36 and f1 domains sign ... | 2017 | 28747911 |
| evaluation of antimycobacterial, leishmanicidal and antibacterial activity of three medicinal orchids of arunachal pradesh, india. | the ethnic population of arunachal pradesh uses a number of orchids as such, or in decoction for various ailments. three untapped orchids namely, rhynchostylis retusa, tropidia curculioides and satyrium nepalense, traditionally used in tuberculosis, asthma and cold stage of malaria in folk medicine, were selected for the present study. | 2017 | 28764749 |
| leishmania donovani inhibits inflammasome-dependent macrophage activation by exploiting the negative regulatory proteins a20 and ucp2. | in visceral leishmaniasis, we found that the antileishmanial drug amp b produces a higher level of il-1β over the infected control. moreover, administering anti-il-1β antibody to infected amp b-treated mice showed significantly less parasite clearance. investigation revealed that leishmania inhibits stimuli-induced expression of a multiprotein signaling platform, nlrp3 inflammasome, which in turn inhibits caspase-1 activation mediated maturation of il-1β from its pro form. attenuation of nlrp3 a ... | 2017 | 28765172 |
| bifurcatriol, a new antiprotozoal acyclic diterpene from the brown alga bifurcaria bifurcata. | linear diterpenes that are commonly found in brown algae are of high chemotaxonomic and ecological importance. this study reports bifurcatriol (1), a new linear diterpene featuring two stereogenic centers isolated from the irish brown alga bifurcariabifurcata. the gross structure of this new natural product was elucidated based on its spectroscopic data (ir, 1d and 2d-nmr, hrms). its absolute configuration was identified by experimental and computational vibrational circular dichroism (vcd) spec ... | 2017 | 28767061 |
| chitosan coated pluronicf127 micelles for effective delivery of amphotericin b in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | the goal of study was to develop micellar formulation of amphotericin b (amb) to improve its antileishmanial efficacy. amb loaded pluronic f127 (pf 127) micelles were developed and coated with chitosan (cs-pf-amb-m) to accord immunoadjuvant and macrophage targeting properties. hemolysis and cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that cs-pf-amb-m was 7.93 fold (at 20μg/ml amb concentration) and 9.35 fold less hemolytic and cytotoxic, respectively in comparison to amb suspension. flow cytometry studies ... | 2017 | 28780414 |
| infection-adapted emergency hematopoiesis promotes visceral leishmaniasis. | cells of the immune system are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) residing in the bone marrow. hscs become activated in response to stress, such as acute infections, which adapt the bone marrow output to the needs of the immune response. however, the impact of infection-adapted hsc activation and differentiation on the persistence of chronic infections is poorly understood. we have examined here the bone marrow outcome of chronic visceral leishmaniasis and show that the parasite leishm ... | 2017 | 28787450 |
| in vitro antileishmanial activity and iron superoxide dismutase inhibition of arylamine mannich base derivatives. | leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected diseases, and it has a worldwide prevalence of 12 million. there are no effective human vaccines for its prevention, and treatment is hampered by outdated drugs. therefore, research aiming at the development of new therapeutic tools to fight leishmaniasis remains a crucial goal today. with this purpose in mind, we present 20 arylaminoketone derivatives with a very interesting in vitro and in vivo efficacy against trypanosoma cruzi that have now ... | 2017 | 28789716 |
| lead selection of antiparasitic compounds from a focused library of benzenesulfonyl derivatives of heterocycles. | a library of 89 synthetic benzenesulfonyl derivatives of heterocycles with drug-like properties was assayed for in vitro antiparasitic activity and the results were added to our previously reported derivatives for a comprehensive sar evaluation. four compounds showed an ic50 between 0.25 and 3μm against leishmania donovani and low cytotoxicity. compound g{16} (1-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenylsulfonyl)-2-methylindoline), was particularly interesting with an ic50 similar to the reference drug miltefos ... | 2017 | 28789893 |
| identification of two natural compound inhibitors of leishmania donovani spermidine synthase (spds) through molecular docking and dynamic studies. | visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan leishmania donovani is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and it is potentially lethal if untreated. despite the availability of drugs for treating the disease, the current drug regime suffers from drawbacks like antibiotic resistance and toxicity. new drugs have to be discovered in order to overcome these limitations. our aim is to identify natural compounds from plant sources as putative inhibitors considering the occurrence of structural diver ... | 2017 | 28797195 |
| l-arginine uptake by cationic amino acid transporter promotes intra-macrophage survival of leishmania donovani by enhancing arginase-mediated polyamine synthesis. | the survival of intracellular protozoan parasite, leishmania donovani, the causative agent of indian visceral leishmaniasis (vl), depends on the activation status of macrophages. l-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid plays a crucial regulatory role for activation of macrophages. however, the role of l-arginine transport in vl still remains elusive. in this study, we demonstrated that intra-macrophage survival of l. donovani depends on the availability of extracellular l-arginine. infection of ... | 2017 | 28798743 |
| 3m-052 as an adjuvant for a plga microparticle-based leishmania donovani recombinant protein vaccine. | it is believed that an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis will require a t helper type 1 (th 1) immune response. in this study, we investigated the adjuvanticity of the toll-like receptor (tlr) 7/8 agonist 3m-052 in combination with the leishmania donovani 36-kda nucleoside hydrolase recombinant protein antigen (nh36). nh36 and 3m-052 were encapsulated in separate batches of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) microparticles (mps). the loading efficiency for nh36 was 83% and for 3m-052 was ... | 2017 | 28804955 |
| unveiling cerebral leishmaniasis: parasites and brain inflammation in leishmania donovani infected mice. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a systemic disease with multifaceted clinical manifestations, including neurological signs, however, the involvement of the nervous system during vl is underestimated. accordingly, we investigated both brain infection and inflammation in a mouse model of vl. using bioluminescent leishmania donovani and real-time 2d-3d imaging tools, we strikingly detected live parasites in the brain, where we observed a compartmentalized dual-phased inflammation pattern: an early p ... | 2017 | 28814754 |
| emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in sri lanka: a newly established health threat. | sri lanka is a new focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by a genetic variant of usually visceralizing parasite leishmania donovani. over 3000 cases have been reported to our institution alone, during the past two decades. recent emergence of visceral leishmaniasis is of concern. | 2017 | 28820339 |
| efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of thermotherapy in the treatment of leishmania donovani-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. | leishmania donovani causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in sri lanka. standard treatment is multiple, painful doses of intralesional sodium stibogluconate (il-ssg). treatment failures are increasingly reported, hence the need to investigate alternatives. efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of thermotherapy were assessed for the first time for l. donovani cl. a single blinded noninferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted on new laboratory-confirmed cl patients with single lesions ... | 2017 | 28820681 |
| identification of leishmania donovani antigen in circulating immune complexes of visceral leishmaniasis subjects for diagnosis. | the unreliability of most of the existing antibody-based diagnostic kits to discriminate between active and treated vl cases, relapse situation and reinfection are a major hurdle in controlling the cases of kala-azar in an endemic area. an antigen targeted diagnostic approaches can be an attractive strategy to overcome these problems. hence, this study was focused on identifying the leishmania antigens, lies in circulating immune complex (cics), can be used for diagnostic as well as prognostic p ... | 2017 | 28820895 |
| eugenol derived immunomodulatory molecules against visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a life threatening infectious disease caused by leishmania donovani. it leads to the severe immune suppression in the host defense system. higher cytotoxicity, rigorous side effects and lower therapeutic indexes (ti) of current antileishmanial drugs have created a necessity to develop new molecules with better antileishmanial activity and high ti value. in this study, we have synthesized 36 derivatives of eugenol and screened them for their activity against promast ... | 2017 | 28826085 |
| comparative study on the nocturnal activity of phlebotomine sand flies in a highland and lowland foci of visceral leishmaniasis in north-western ethiopia with special reference to phlebotomus orientalis. | leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), is most probably vectored by phlebotomus orientalis in north-western ethiopia. the aim of this study was to determine and compare the nocturnal activity patterns of ph. orientalis in vl endemic foci of libo-kemkem (highland) and metema (lowland) districts of north-western ethiopia. | 2017 | 28830569 |
| synthesis and activity of a new series of antileishmanial agents. | we have determined that tetrahydroindazoles such as 1 show potent activity against leishmania donovani, the causative agent of leishmaniasis. while the hsp90 activity and anticancer properties of 1 have previously been explored, we present here our efforts to optimize their activity against l. donovani via the synthesis of novel analogues designed to probe the hydrophobic pocket of the protozoan hsp90 orthologue, specifically through the auspices of functionalization of an amine embedded into th ... | 2017 | 28835791 |
| comparison of three blood transfusion guidelines applied to 31 feline donors to minimise the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections. | objectives the increased demand for animal blood transfusions creates the need for an adequate number of donors. at the same time, a high level of blood safety must be guaranteed and different guidelines (gls) deal with this topic. the aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of different gls in preventing transfusion-transmissible infections (tti) in italian feline blood donors. methods blood samples were collected from 31 cats enrolled as blood donors by the owners' voluntary choi ... | 2017 | 28840782 |
| structure and binding studies of proliferating cell nuclear antigen from leishmania donovani. | proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) acts as a sliding clamp to support dna replication and repair. the structure of pcna from leishmania donovani (ldpcna) has been determined at 2.73å resolution. structure consists of six crystallographically independent molecules which form two trimeric rings. the pore diameter of the individual trimeric ring is of the order of 37å. the two rings are stacked through their front to front faces. in order to gain a stable packing, the rings are rotated by 42 ... | 2017 | 28844736 |
| solute carrier protein family 11 member 1 (slc11a1) activation efficiently inhibits leishmania donovani survival in host macrophages. | visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), a life threatening disease caused by l. donovani, is a latent threat to more than 147 million people living in disease endemic south east asia region of the indian subcontinent. the therapeutic option to control leishmanial infections are very limited, and at present comprise only two drugs, an antifungal amphotericin b and an antitumor miltefosine, which are also highly vulnerable for parasitic resistance. therefore, identification and development of alternat ... | 2017 | 28848257 |