Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| does experience improve hospital performance in treating patients with aids? | this paper examines how experience affects hospital performance in treating patients with aids. the most common life-threatening medical complication of aids is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). studies of patients with pcp demonstrate that patients who received care at hospitals that were more experienced with aids had lower immediate mortality. these higher volume medical facilities did not use more resources but used resources more efficiently and provided better medical care. better outc ... | 1993 | 10125810 |
| update: exposure to aerosol pentamidine. | pentamidine, a drug administered in aerosol form to aids patients suffering from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), has come under heavy fire from hospital unions and others of late. pentamidine presents a twofold occupational risk: first, there is exposure to the drug itself, which, according to many healthcare workers, is a respiratory irritant with potential long-term consequences; second, there appears to be some evidence that working in pentamidine therapy areas increases the potential o ... | 1990 | 10128646 |
| attitudes to prevention among hiv-infected patients: the case of specific prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | despite a consensus on the need for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis for hiv-infected patients with fewer than 200 cd4+ lymphocytes/mm3, the number of cases of pcp has remained stable, and about 70% involve patients who are not receiving prophylaxis. the aim of this study was to determine why these patients are not covered by prophylaxis. it was based on a retrospective analysis of semidirective interviews with 32 patients who developed pcp while not receiving prophylaxis. the re ... | 1994 | 10134582 |
| the pharmacoeconomics of hiv disease. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is a major public health problem in all parts of the world. for the united states, federal spending on hiv disease for 1982 to 1989 was $us5.5 billion. projections indicate that aids spending may reach 1.6% of total health expenditures in 1992, while the indirect costs of hiv infection may be 5 times as great as the direct costs. in the developing world, the cost per person with hiv infection may be 0.8- to 9-fold greater than the per capita gross n ... | 1992 | 10147027 |
| measurement of particle and mass distribution of pentamidine aerosol by ultrasonic and air jet nebulizers. | the use of appropriate nebulizers is a major precondition for a successful treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. the apparatus should supply a sufficient amount of pentamidine with adequate particle size. using fisons ultrasonic nebulizer fiso neb, model fzv 40 bamki, de vilbiss ultrasonic nebulizer, porta-sonic, model 8500 gb, and the marquest medical products jet nebulizer respirgard ii, two pentamidine concentrations (300 mg/6 ml and 60 mg/6 ml ... | 1992 | 10147685 |
| multi-city study of quality of care for hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: successfully collecting highly sensitive information. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been the major cause of death and the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), with in-hospital mortality rates as high as 60% in some hospitals. to investigate whether there were large variations in quality of care for hospitalized patients with pcp, researchers at rand corporation, in 1989, designed and initiated a multi-city study of patterns of care. mounting a successful primary data collection e ... | 1995 | 10151164 |
| cost-effectiveness models of clinical trials of new pharmaceuticals for aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: are they helpful to policy makers? | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been the most common and most costly complication of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). because of concern over the high costs of care for persons with aids, policy makers have instituted a number of new measures to encourage cost-effectiveness. although the clinical efficacy of new pharmaceutical agents is evaluated extensively before approval, comparative trials of a new agent with its major competitor are sometimes not carried out, and estimate ... | 1995 | 10151167 |
| clinical and economic aspects of prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1995 | 10155305 | |
| inpatient treatment patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in new york state medicare patients. | hospital charts were reviewed to ascertain the frequency with which patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were being managed in accordance with current guidelines or recommendations in new york state for the calendar year 1993. comparisons were made between hospitals that are designated by the new york state department of health as comprehensive treatment centers--designated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) centers--and all othe ... | 1996 | 10156543 |
| apparent hemolysis in an aids patient receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: case report and literature review. | to describe a case of acute hemolysis associated temporally with administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) in a patient with aids, review the available literature on tmp/smx-induced hemolytic anemia, and discuss possible drug- and disease-related factors that may have contributed to the episode of hemolysis. | 1996 | 10157546 |
| pharmacoeconomics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected and hiv-noninfected patients. | despite the proven effectiveness of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in both hiv-infected and hiv-noninfected patients, pcp remains an important cause of serious pulmonary infection. because pcp is a frequent event requiring inpatient admission at our institution, we conducted a study to define the pharmacoeconomics of this infection and the incidence of adverse events associated with anti-pcp therapy. in a retrospective review, 133 patients (101 hiv-positive, 32 hiv-negative) wi ... | 1996 | 10160471 |
| estimating the cost effectiveness of atovaquone versus intravenous pentamidine in the treatment of mild-to-moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common severe opportunistic infection, and one of the most costly, among people with aids. over 50% of patients experience toxic effects of the major anti-pcp medications- cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and pentamidine. recently, the us food and drug administration approved a new oral drug therapy, atovaquone, as an alternative to pentamidine for the treatment of people with mild-to-moderate pcp who are intolerant of cotrimoxazole. ... | 1996 | 10160480 |
| patterns of care for hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a university medical program: a case study. | previous studies have identified large variations in patterns of in-hospital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) care among groups of hospitals and physicians. we evaluated the patterns of care for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) care at a single university program with patients treated at an adjacent county and veterans' administration (va) hospital. all medical care was provided by physicians in a single residency program, but attending physician staffs we ... | 1996 | 10162149 |
| lack of desensitization to aerosol pentamidine with long-term use. | to assess whether long-term exposure to aerosol pentamidine (ap) results in desensitization. | 1996 | 10163353 |
| using his data for health care research. | the importance of measuring healthcare performance and outcome rapidly grows around the world. as hospital information systems (his) become more commonplace, their use as clinical research tools can be easily developed. this is demonstrated in the article by two examples of clinical outcomes research undertaken on the world's largest his database. the research studies described in the article were on: (1) the effect of hospital 'experience' on inpatient mortality rates for patients with hiv-rela ... | 1992 | 10171244 |
| viruses and bacteria in bronchial samples from patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. | viruses and bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, protected specimen brush samples, and bronchial biopsies from 14 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia (11 patients with common variable immunodeficiency [cvid] and three patients with x-linked agammaglobulinemia [xla]) were analyzed. at the time of the study, the patients had no signs of acute respiratory infections, and no antibiotics were administered. in addition to routine bacterial and viral cultures, polymerase chain reaction te ... | 1999 | 10194166 |
| ligand-induced conformational changes in the crystal structures of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase complexes with folate and nadp+. | structural data from two independent crystal forms (p212121 and p21) of the folate (fa) binary complex and from the ternary complex with the oxidized coenzyme, nadp+, and recombinant pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) refined to an average of 2.15 a resolution, show the first evidence of ligand-induced conformational changes in the structure of pcdhfr. these data are also compared with the crystal structure of the ternary complex of methotrexate (mtx) with nadph and pcdhfr in ... | 1999 | 10194348 |
| pneumocystosis versus pulmonary pneumocystis carinii colonization in hiv-negative and hiv-positive patients. | 1999 | 10197390 | |
| prognostic value of plasma hiv rna in the natural history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus and mycobacterium avium complex. multicenter aids cohort study. | to use follow-up on untreated hiv-positive men to assess the prognostic information provided by baseline data on plasma hiv rna, cd4 cell count, age, and hiv-related symptom status, separately for three specific aids-defining illnesses: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | 1999 | 10199224 |
| bone marrow macrophage iron grade and survival of hiv-seropositive patients. | increased iron stores predispose to certain microbial infections. this association might be especially important in patients whose immune system is impaired by hiv. this study examined the relationship between iron stores and the survival times of patients with hiv infection. | 1999 | 10199228 |
| the impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the characteristics of hospitalized patients with hiv infection. | despite advances in antiretroviral treatment, a large number of hiv-infected patients still require hospitalization. this study describes the characteristics of hiv patients requiring hospitalization before and after the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies. | 1999 | 10199233 |
| evidence for cdc2 gene in pneumocystis carinii hominis and its implication for culture. | 1999 | 10199234 | |
| hypercalcaemia caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while in leukaemic remission. | 1999 | 10200829 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 1999 | 10201241 | |
| access and use of medications in hiv disease. | to examine if measures of access to medical care are associated with outpatient use of antiretroviral and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) medications among a cohort of individuals with hiv disease. | 1999 | 10201855 |
| the lung in the immunocompromised patient. infectious complications part 1. | pulmonary infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed patient. among the infections encountered are pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterial, fungal, and bacterial infection. in this review, we will discuss these various possible infections, their frequency of occurrence, and their clinical presentation in the various immunosuppressed groups. | 1999 | 10202312 |
| aids diagnoses at higher cd4 counts in australia following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment. | to assess whether aids cases in australia have been diagnosed at higher cd4 counts since the widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral treatment (haart) in mid-1996. | 1999 | 10202833 |
| predictors of survival and eradication of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia (mac) in aids patients in the canadian randomized mac treatment trial. canadian hiv trials network protocol 010 study group. | to assess the importance of baseline characteristics including medical history, indicators of current disease status, therapeutic drug use, in vitro drug susceptibility, immune status and mycobacterial load on bacteriologic response and survival in hiv-positive patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia. | 1999 | 10203382 |
| latent pneumocystis carinii infection in commercial rat colonies: comparison of inductive immunosuppressants plus histopathology, pcr, and serology as detection methods. | histopathologic evaluation combined with a period of immunosuppression has been the standard procedure for detection of pneumocystis carinii in commercial rat colonies. variation in induction regimens and in the sensitivity of detection methods may result in underreporting of the presence of p. carinii in breeding colonies or delay its detection. in the present study, methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide were evaluated for the ability to induce p. carinii infection in rats from an enzooticall ... | 1999 | 10203502 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the federal republic of germany in the era of changing antiretroviral therapy - idkf 13 -. german aids study group (gasg/idkf). | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most common aids defining diagnoses. | 1999 | 10205287 |
| an hiv autopsy--characterization of zidovudine-resistant subtype e hiv-1 from autopsy tissue suggests the route of infection and an alternative protocol of therapy. | this cpc concerns a 47-year-old male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the patient became symptomatic when he developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but recovered sufficiently to be treated as an outpatient. two years after falling ill, he developed septic shock and died within a short time. during this period, he failed to respond to hiv drugs, and there was no improvement in his immunodeficient status. the hiv retrieved from the patient's organs at autopsy was found to ... | 1999 | 10206018 |
| defects of t-cell effector function and post-thymic maturation in x-linked hyper-igm syndrome. | x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim) results from mutations in the gene encoding for cd40 ligand (cd154). patients with the syndrome suffer from infections with opportunistic pathogens such as cryptosporidium and pneumocystis carinii. in this study, we demonstrate that activated t cells from patients with xhim produce markedly reduced levels of ifn-gamma, fail to induce antigen-presenting cells to synthesize il-12, and induce greatly reduced levels of tnf-alpha. in addition, we show that the patie ... | 1999 | 10207167 |
| performance of an algorithm to detect pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in symptomatic hiv-infected persons. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | to determine whether an algorithm consisting of a chest radiograph and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (d(lco)) is effective in detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in symptomatic hiv-infected persons; and to establish a benchmark for future comparisons of alternative algorithms. | 1999 | 10208204 |
| discrimination of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and pneumocystis carinii f. sp. ratti using the polymerase chain reaction. | the rat model of pneumocystis carinii infection is widely used for the study of this non-culturable pathogen. two genetically divergent <<special forms>> of the organism have been detected in infected rat lungs, p. carinii formae specialis carinii and p. carinii formae specialis ratti, in some cases as a co-infection. we have developed a simple and rapid method to analyse rat-derived p. carinii samples, based on dna amplification of a portion of the gene encoding the mitochondrial large subunit ... | 1999 | 10208806 |
| cell surface protease prt1 identified in the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes of many organisms contain gene families that allow adaptation to a changing environment. in a number of parasites, these subtelomeric gene families encode cell surface proteins that undergo antigenic variation. proteases are another important virulence determinant in pathogenic microorganisms. we report the localization of the prt1 protease of the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii sp. f. carinii, encoded by a subtelomeric gene family, to the cell ... | 1999 | 10209745 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases: the role of hospital experience in diagnosis and mortality. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii has been increasingly reported in patients with connective tissue diseases, but the frequency of this complication is not known. we sought to determine the frequency of p carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with connective tissue diseases, and to determine the role that a hospital's acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related experience may have in the diagnosis of pcp in these patients. | 1999 | 10211894 |
| determinants of survival in hiv-positive patients. | variation in the clinical stage at which aids is diagnosed has hindered the ability of investigators to generate survival estimates which are stable across study cohorts. as a result, little is known about how clinical and sociodemographic factors are associated with survival, independent of aids diagnosis stage. by estimating survival following seroconversion while adjusting for baseline cd4 lymphocyte count, the present study generated survival determinants which were unconfounded by time-rela ... | 1999 | 10215125 |
| withdrawal of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10218521 | |
| discontinuation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after start of highly active antiretroviral therapy in hiv-1 infection. eurosida study group. | highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has improved rates of cd4-lymphocyte recovery and decreased the incidence of hiv-1-related morbidity and mortality. we assessed whether prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can be safely discontinued after haart is started. | 1999 | 10218526 |
| determinants of short- and long-term outcome in patients with respiratory failure caused by aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine (1) predictors of in-hospital mortality and long-term survival in patients with acute respiratory failure (arf) caused by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and (2) long-term survival for patients with arf relative to those without arf. | 1999 | 10218755 |
| discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected adults treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. swiss hiv cohort study. | it is unclear whether primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can be discontinued in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who are successfully treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. we prospectively studied the safety of stopping prophylaxis among patients in the swiss hiv cohort study. | 1999 | 10219064 |
| does pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis still need to be lifelong? | 1999 | 10219072 | |
| is streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? a microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | although a wide variety of recognized pathogens can cause community-acquired pneumonia, in many patients the etiology remains unknown after routine diagnostic workup. the aim of this study was to identify the causal agent in these patients by obtaining lung aspirates with transthoracic needle aspiration. | 1999 | 10225239 |
| concurrent infection with legionella pneumophila and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with adult t cell leukemia. | a 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with high fever, chills, cough, and exertional dyspnea. on admission, the chest roentgenogram and computed tomography scan showed bilateral alveolar infiltration in the middle and lower lung fields. microscopic examination of the bronchial lavage fluid showed flower cells typical for adult t-cell leukemia (atl) and cysts of pneumocystis carinii, and legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 grew on buffered charcoal yeast extract (bcye)-alpha agar. the p ... | 1999 | 10225673 |
| biomolecular techniques to detect pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to verify the clinical value of two different polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) for noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up during pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis pneumonia (pcp) and to analyze the p. carinii f. sp. hominis genotypes involved. | 1998 | 10225984 |
| recurrent pneumocystis carinii colonization in a heart-lung transplant recipient on long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. | in the setting of organ transplantation, prior to prophylaxis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) had been a common clinical problem, particularly in heart-lung and lung recipients who receive long-term immunosuppressive therapy to prevent allograft rejection. continuous oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) has been highly effective in preventing pcp in these patients. | 1999 | 10226906 |
| the changing face of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | the classic presentation of pcp is a bilateral interstitial pattern, which may be characterized as finely granular, reticular, or ground-glass opacities. when chest radiographic findings are normal or equivocal, high-resolution ct may be helpful because it is more sensitive than chest radiography for detecting pcp. the typical ct finding is extensive ground-glass attenuation. the face of pcp is changing. the classic radiographic presentation is being encountered less frequently. increasingly rec ... | 1999 | 10227507 |
| enteroviral meningoencephalitis as a complication of x-linked hyper igm syndrome. | we describe 5 children from 2 families with mutations in the cd40 ligand (cd40l) gene leading to absent expression of cd40l on activated cd4 cells. all subjects presented with interstitial pneumonia with low serum igg and normal serum igm. one child had normal and one child had elevated serum iga. four had confirmed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in spite of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment yielding therapeutic serum immunoglobulin levels, 3 children had enteroviral encephalitis. when asses ... | 1999 | 10228294 |
| detection of rat pneumocystis carinii proteinases and elastase and antipneumocystis activity of proteinase inhibitors in vitro. | proteinases play an important role in survival of microorganisms and in pathogenicity of diseases. by using a modified sds-gelatin-polyacrylamide gel system, proteinases of rat-p.carinii were detected as bands of proteolytic digestion after electrophoresis. p.carinii organisms obtained from dexamethasone immunosuppressed transtracheally infected rats were cultured in spinner flask suspension cultures to minimize host cell contamination. at ph 8.3, seven pc-specific proteolytic bands were detecte ... | 1999 | 10229932 |
| radionuclide imaging of nonosseous infection. | nuclear medicine is an important tool in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with a variety of nonosseous infections. in the immunocompetent population labeled leukocyte imaging is the radionuclide procedure of choice, with gallium imaging reserved for those situations in which the leukocyte study is nondiagnostic or cannot be performed. fever of unknown origin is caused by infection in less than one-third of cases, and therefore the number of positive leukocyte studies will be relatively low. ... | 1999 | 10230281 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child receiving acth for infantile spasms. | 1999 | 10230930 | |
| pulmonary infiltrates in liver transplant recipients in the intensive care unit. | a frequent dilemma is discerning the likelihood of pneumonia and the need for empiric antibiotic therapy in liver transplant recipients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit (icu). | 1999 | 10232564 |
| treatment of indolent lymphoma with fludarabine/mitoxantrone combination: a phase ii trial. | in an effort to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections, 25 patients with advanced indolent lymphoma (age range: 30-77 years) were treated, using a combination of fludarabine and mitoxantrone, without corticosteroids. fludarabine was given at 25 mg/m2 for three daily doses, and mitoxantrone at 10 mg/m2. cycles were repeated every four weeks for up to maximum response, and for no more than six months. eight patients had follicular lymphoma, and 11 had cll/sll. objective response was observed ... | 1998 | 10235069 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary surfactant. | 1999 | 10235122 | |
| inhibition of lung surfactant protein b expression during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice. | the pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) suggests an important role for dysfunction of the pulmonary surfactant system in the hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency associated with this infection. surfactant protein b (sp-b) is a hydrophobic protein shown to be essential for normal surfactant function in vivo. therefore, we hypothesized that the inhibition of sp-b expression occurs during pcp, and we tested this hypothesis in two immunodeficient animal models. pcp was induced in c.b ... | 1999 | 10235125 |
| abnormalities of serum amylase and lipase in hiv-positive patients. | we sought to study asymptomatic pancreatic enzyme abnormalities in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1999 | 10235202 |
| escalating multiple-dose safety and tolerance study of oral wr 6026 in hiv-infected subjects: aids clinical trials group 173. | wr 6026 is an 8-aminoquinoline with activity against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in an animal model of p. carinii pneumonia that has predicted the clinical utility of related compounds. this study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerance of wr 6026 given once daily for 21 days to hiv-infected subjects with cd4 counts <500 cells/microl. this double-blind, placebo-controlled study employed wr 6026 doses starting at 30 mg once daily and increasing to 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg once daily. ... | 1999 | 10235511 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or aids, is an unexplained severe disturbance of the cell-mediated immune system that renders victims susceptible to a group of otherwise-rare diseases and infections, chiefly kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. aids has been the object of intensive research since mid-1981 when the syndrome was first described by the centers for disease control (cdc). the victims fall into four main group: homosexually-active males, iv drug users, haitians, a ... | 1983 | 10314581 |
| the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids): current status and implications for respiratory care practitioners. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has affected more than 2,600 persons since 1981, with the number of reported cases rising exponentially. the disease is characterized by a deficiency in the cell-mediated immune system, which allows entrance to a host of opportunistic infections as well as tumors. the most common infection associated with aids is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a previously uncommon infection of immunocompromised hosts. the most common neoplasm associated with aids ... | 1984 | 10315509 |
| prevention of infectious complications in rheumatic disease patients: immunization, pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, and screening for latent infections. | most rheumatology textbooks lack adequate recommendations for specific immunization of patients with rheumatic diseases, especially those treated with immunosuppressive medications. the authors wish to alert clinicians to issues pertinent to immunization of immunosuppressed rheumatology patients. by elucidating deficiencies in the current literature, the authors hope to identify future directions for clinical investigation and to increase the rates of effective immunization against vaccine preve ... | 1999 | 10328575 |
| atovaquone compared with dapsone to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10328722 | |
| therapeutic failure of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to report a case of failure of treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) in a patient with hiv infection, despite an adequate serum smx concentration. | 1999 | 10332530 |
| withdrawal of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with aids. | 1999 | 10335736 | |
| is age a negative prognostic indicator in hiv infection or aids? | to better understand disease progression in older persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), we studied patients aged 50 years and older hospitalized with a diagnosis of hiv infection or aids between january 1985 and october 1995. data collected included demographics, opportunistic infections, comorbid disease, neurologic dysfunction, and antiretroviral therapy. a total of 86 patients with a mean age of 54.3 years was identified. pneumo ... | 1999 | 10337440 |
| cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10338248 | |
| fatal case due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus small colony variants in an aids patient. | we describe the first known case of a fatal infection with small colony variants of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a patient with aids. recovered from three blood cultures as well as from a deep hip abscess, these variants may have resulted from long-term antimicrobial therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10341185 |
| [bronchiectasia in hiv-positive patients]. | between july 1995 and july 1997 we diagnosed bronchiectasis confirmed by ct scan chest in 25 (18 men and 7 women) out of 295 hospitalised patients with hiv infection who suffered from lower respiratory infection. median age at time of diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 32 years old. the patients were mostly intravenous drug addicts. in all cases a previous pulmonary infection was revealed (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia) with impairment of immune status (cd4 media ... | 1999 | 10349123 |
| [mortality descriptors in hiv inpatients]. | to assess the clinical-epidemiological descriptors of inpatient mortality in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1998 | 10349150 |
| toxicity and efficacy of daily vs. weekly dapsone for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. actg 179 study team. aids clinical trials group. | dapsone is an alternative drug for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in individuals intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (t/s). there are, however, few data on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity or efficacy of dapsone in children. design. randomized, multicenter trial comparing daily (1 or 2 mg/kg) with weekly (4 mg/kg) dapsone regimens in 94 hiv-infected children intolerant to t/s. | 1999 | 10353516 |
| relationship between event rates and treatment effects in clinical site differences within multicenter trials: an example from primary pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | the results of multicenter clinical trials may differ across participating clinical sites. we present a diagnostic approach for evaluating this diversity that emphasizes the relationship between the observed event rates and treatment effects. we use as an example a trial of sequential strategies of pneumocystis prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus infection with 842 patients randomly allocated to start prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, or pentamidine. prophylaxis fa ... | 1999 | 10357498 |
| long-term survival after liver transplantation. | liver transplantation (lt) remains a high-risk operation, especially during the first months after lt when technical complications and preexisting illness exert their influence on survival. however, there are late deaths. the authors have reviewed their experience to identify factors impacting on long-term survival. | 1999 | 10359193 |
| alveolar macrophage interactions with pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10360627 | |
| sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and clinical validity of provider-reported symptoms: a comparison with self-reported symptoms. outcomes committee of the aids clinical trials group. | if symptoms are to be recognized and effectively addressed in clinical research, they must be collected using sensitive, specific, reliable, and clinically meaningful methods. | 1999 | 10360804 |
| relationships between topoisomerase ii inhibition, sequence-specificity and dna binding mode of dicationic diphenylfuran derivatives. | four diphenylfuran derivatives possessing different dicationic terminal side chains were used to investigate sequence-specific binding to dna and poisoning of human topoisomerase ii. footprinting experiments with a range of dna substrates attest that all four drugs bind selectively to at-rich sequences in dna. however, the quantitative analysis of the footprinting profiles reveals significant differences in terms of at-selectivity according to the nature of the basic side chains. furimidazoline ... | 1999 | 10363027 |
| the lung in the immunocompromised patient. infectious complications part 2. | pulmonary infections decisively contribute to morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. bacterial, mycobacterial and infections with pneumocystis carinii have been reviewed in an article in the last issue of respiration. in this review, viral and fungal pulmonary infections are discussed in hiv-positive patients and in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell or solid-organ transplantation. | 1999 | 10364733 |
| mechanisms of disease and injury: utilization of mutants, monoclonals, and molecular methods. | rapid advances in our ability to localize and quantify macromolecular changes in health and disease are being brought about by the availability of genetically altered animals (mutants), purified reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, and new molecular methods. targeted gene deletion (knockouts) and gene insertions (transgenics) in animals can allow identification of the importance and function of macromolecules. monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent labels coupled with advances in microscopy pr ... | 1999 | 10367685 |
| rapid disease progression in hiv-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy. the italian register for hiv infection in children. | to investigate the outcome in children perinatally infected with hiv-1 whose mothers received zidovudine (zdv) monotherapy in pregnancy. | 1999 | 10371173 |
| reasons for failure of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10371182 | |
| allergic pancytopenia to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. | 1999 | 10371291 | |
| concurrent pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. | a 46-year-old woman developed concurrent cmv and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) 140 days after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (apbsct) for aml. she was seropositive for cmv before undergoing apbsct and had required prednisone for immune thrombocytopenia and allergic dermatitis for 9 weeks prior to the onset of pneumonia. she had also been receiving pcp prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosol every month for 3 months before developing symptoms. the pneumonia was complica ... | 1999 | 10373078 |
| pneumocystis carinii genotypes and severity of pneumonia. | 1999 | 10376625 | |
| chemokine gene expression during pneumocystis carinii-driven pulmonary inflammation. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice lack functional lymphocytes and therefore develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, when infected scid mice are immunologically reconstituted with congenic spleen cells, a protective inflammatory cascade is initiated. proinflammatory cytokines are produced, and lymphocytes and macrophages are recruited specifically to alveolar sites of infection. importantly, uninfected regions of the lung remain free from inflammatory involvement, suggesting th ... | 1999 | 10377126 |
| phthalein derivatives as a new tool for selectivity in thymidylate synthase inhibition. | a new set of phthalein derivatives stemming from the lead compound, phenolphthalein, were designed to specifically complement structural features of a bacterial form of thymidylate synthase (lactobacillus casei, lcts) versus the human ts (hts) enzyme. the new compounds were screened for their activity and their specificity against ts enzymes from different species, namely, l. casei (lcts), pneumocystis carinii (pcts), cryptococcus neoformans (cnts), and human thymidylate synthase (hts). apparent ... | 1999 | 10377217 |
| 2,4-diphenyl furan diamidines as novel anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | dicationic 2,4-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furans 5-10 and 2, 4-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-3,5-dimethylfurans 14 and 15 have been synthesized. thermal melting studies revealed high binding affinity of the compounds to poly(da-dt) and to the duplex oligomer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. all of the new compounds were effective against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed rat model with up to 200-fold increase in activity compared to the control compound pentamidine. no toxicity was noted for 5, 7-10 at th ... | 1999 | 10377232 |
| synthesis of classical and a nonclassical 2-amino-4-oxo-6-methyl-5-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | compounds 2-5 were designed as potential antifolate nonpolyglutamatable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts). these analogues are structurally related to 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted quinazolines and 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines which have shown excellent inhibition of ts and, for the quinazoline, significant promise as clinically useful antitumor agents. compounds 2-4 were synthesized by appropriate amine exchange reactions on pivaloyl-protected 5-dimethylaminomethyl ... | 1999 | 10377234 |
| the relation between physician experience and patterns of care for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: results from a survey of 1,500 physicians in the united states. | to determine whether physician experience and specialty influence the approach to care of aids patients with pneumonia, we surveyed physicians about their management of possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) infection. | 1999 | 10378549 |
| the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10383536 | |
| variations in the care of hiv-infected adults in the united states: results from the hiv cost and services utilization study. | studies of selected populations suggest that not all persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receive adequate care. | 1999 | 10386555 |
| variation of antigenicity and serological reaction to pneumocystis carinii in korea. | the present study observed the variation of antigenicity of pneumocystis carinii and serum igg antibody reaction to the antigens from different localities in korea. antigens of rat p. carinii and sera of inhabitants were collected at chunchon. chungju, kwangju, and seoul during 1995-1996. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot were used for immune reaction. absorbance of 1,294 human sera ranged between 0.01 and 0.93. sera from chunchon showed higher absorbances than those from other ar ... | 1999 | 10388269 |
| pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and antitumor agents: synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(monosubstituted anilino)methyl] pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. | thirteen 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(monosubstituted anilino)methyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 5-17 were synthesized as potential pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors and as antitumor agents. compounds 5-17 were designed to investigate the structure-activity relationship of monomethoxy and monohalide substitution in the phenyl ring and n10-methylation of the c9-n10 bridge. the synthetic route to compounds 5-12 involved the reductive amination ... | 1999 | 10395486 |
| atovaquone suspension compared with aerosolized pentamidine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects intolerant of trimethoprim or sulfonamides. | atovaquone suspensions (750 mg and 1500 mg once a day) were compared with aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg once a month) for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who were intolerant to trimethoprim or sulfonamides (or both). median time using the assigned therapy was 6.6 months, and the median follow-up was 11.3 months. intent-to-treat analyses (n=549) showed no statistically significant differences among subjects wit ... | 1999 | 10395851 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and the danger of prognostication: apples to apples. | 1999 | 10397194 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia requiring intensive care management: survival and prognostic study in 110 patients with human immunodeficiency virus. | to perform a descriptive study of patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and to identify variables that are predictive of death within 3 months. | 1999 | 10397214 |
| joint effects of hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 lymphocyte cells on the risk of specific opportunistic infections. | to evaluate the predictive value of baseline plasma hiv-1 rna levels and cd4 lymphocyte counts and early changes in these markers after initiating antiretroviral therapy on the risk of development of specific opportunistic infections (ois). | 1999 | 10397533 |
| enteric infections and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: prospective community-based cohort study. swiss hiv cohort study. | persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are at increased risk for diarrhea and enteric infections. we studied (1) the epidemiology of enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea, (2) the diagnostic yield of stool examination and endoscopic evaluation, (3) risks to develop diarrhea, and (4) the impact of diarrhea on patients' survival. | 1999 | 10399899 |
| usefulness of rat-derived antigen in the serodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | sera from patients with likely and possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on the basis of clinical information and laboratory investigations were tested by immunoblotting to assess the usefulness of trophozoites in the serodiagnosis of pcp. igg antibodies to 50-60- kda proteins were demonstrated with cyst antigen, but antibodies to additional proteins of 61, 70, 82, 95, 99 and 116 kda were found with trophozoite antigen. these bands were not demonstrated with control sera. igg antibody to ... | 1999 | 10403419 |
| rat model for dual opportunistic pathogen prophylaxis: cryptosporidium parvum and pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10403453 | |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | after 25 years of use in the united states, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is widely prescribed for various indications. by virtue of sequential blockade of microbial folic acid synthesis, the antimicrobial combination has excellent in vitro inhibitory activity against many common respiratory and urinary tract pathogens, as well as many nosocomial infecting strains. in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, tmp-smx provides prophylactic and therapeutic potency against ... | 1999 | 10405706 |
| pneumocystis carinii polyamine catabolism. | dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) causes polyamines of the aids-associated opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii to diminish 15 times more rapidly than mammalian host cells. the proposed mechanism was that, unlike mammalian cells, p. carinii is unable to regulate polyamine catabolism when synthesis is blocked. to test this, the responses of the polyamine catabolic enzymes spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (ssat) and polyamine oxidase (pao) were determined using a new high-perform ... | 1999 | 10409651 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. new concepts for an old problem]. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is an ubiquitous pathogen phylogenetically considered a fungus. in individuals with t-cell deficiency, pc produces typically an interstitial pneumonia. the primary infection is, perhaps, transmitted airborne, and is acquired during early infancy. pc was a rare cause of disease until the advent of aids. in susceptible patients infected with hiv it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite appropriate prophylaxis and treatment. mutations in the gene that en ... | 1999 | 10413901 |