Publications

genetic and environmental considerations for evaluating crown position of wheat.	crown position affects winter survival of fallsown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) direct or indirect selection for crown depth has been little practiced. reports have suggested that short subcrown internode length was closely related to semidwarf plant height and that semidwarfism was related to poor emergence. this study determined the relationships among crown depth, plant height, and emergence rate index in three wheat populations. the efficiency of evaluating crown placement in the field was e ...	1989	24227242
production and cytogenetics of hybrids of triticum aestivum x leymus innovatus.	hybrid plants were obtained between triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and leymus innovatus (2n=4x=28, jjnn) at a frequency varying from 0.4% to 1.2% of the pollinated florets. improvement of the embryo culture medium resulted in a higher frequency of embryo rescue. eight of ten hybrids had the expected chromosome number of 35 (abdjn). meiotic analysis indicated that there was no homology between the genomes of the two species. two hybrids had only 28 chromosomes. comparison of chromosome pair ...	1989	24227254
calculation of leaf photosynthetic parameters from light-response curves for ecophysiological applications.	measurement of the light response of photosynthetic co2 uptake is often used as an implement in ecophysiological studies. a method is described to calculate photosynthetic parameters, such as the maximum rate of whole electron transport and dissimilative respiration in the light, from the light response of co2 uptake. examples of the light-response curves of flag leaves and ears of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. arkas) are shown.	1987	24227441
the pattern of amyloplast dna accumulation during wheat endosperm development.	the accumulation of amyloplast dna during endosperm development was studied in two cultivars of spring wheat, triticum aestivum l. 'chinese spring' (cs) and 'spica', small and relatively larger-grained cultivars, respectively. endosperms were isolated between 9 and 45 days post anthesis (dpa) and the amyloplast dna content of endosperm nucleic-acid extracts was measured by quantitative hybridisation with a homologous chloroplast-dna probe. the endosperm cells of cs and spica accumulated amylopla ...	1987	24227442
regulation of mesophyll photosynthesis in intact wheat leaves by cytoplasmic phosphate concentrations.	the effect of d-(+)-mannose, inorganic phosphate (pi) and mannose-6-phosphate on net mesophyll co2 assimilation rate (a) and stomatal conductance (gs) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves was studied. the compounds were supplied through the transpiration stream of detached leaves from plants grown in sand in growth cabinets or glasshouses, with different concentrations of pi (0.25, 1.0 and 4.0 mm) supplied during growth. in all cases, 10 mm d-(+)mannose caused 40-60% reduction of a within 30 m ...	1986	24232022
diversity and evolution of chloroplast dna in triticum and aegilops as revealed by restriction fragment analysis.	restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast (cp) dnas from 35 wheat (triticum) and aegilops species, including their 42 accessions, was carried out with the use of 13 restriction enzymes to clarify variation in their cpdnas. fourteen fragment size mutations (deletions/insertions) and 33 recognition site changes were detected among 209 restriction sites sampled. based on these results, the 42 accessions of wheat-aegilops could be classified into 16 chloroplast genome types. most polyploids and t ...	1988	24232195
gene differences in heading date, height, seed weight and seed yield between two pure line varieties of triticum aestivum l.	reciprocal sets of homozygous inbred backcross lines were developed by crossing two pure line varieties (baart 46 and ramona) of triticum aestivum l., followed by two backcrosses to each of the two parent varieties, and six to eight generations of selfing. data on each inbred backcross line was obtained from twelve plots (from replications in three years). five genes were responsible for over 95% of the genetic variation for heading date. these genes had pleiotropic effects on plant height that ...	1988	24232197
identification of a complete set of isogenic wheat/rye d-genome substitution lines by means of giemsa c-banding.	a complete set of isogenic wheat/rye d-genome substitutions were produced by crossing an inbred line of spring rye secale cereale l. cv. "prolific" to a tetraploid wheat, the a-and b-genomes of which had previously been extracted from hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum l. em thell. cv. "thatcher". after chromosome doubling, the derived hexaploid triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) was backcrossed to 6x "thatcher" and selection for wheat/rye substitution lines was carried out in bcf3 to bcf6 fam ...	1988	24232217
localization of wheat-germ agglutinin in developing wheat embryos and those cultured in abscisic acid.	the time course of appearance of wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) in the various embryonic tissues during embryogenesis in triticum aestivum l. was studied by sensitive immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase detection systems. the radicle, root cap and coleorhiza first accumulated wga in early stage ii (8-10 d post-anthesis) prior to the main period of embryo growth, while wga was found in the epiblast and coleoptile in early and late state iii, respectively. stage iii is characterized by m ...	0	24232318
chromosomal location by f1 monosomic analysis of endosperm proteins in bread wheat : 1. one-dimensional electrophoresis of glutenins and gliadins.	a new methodology to determine the chromosomal location and allelic differences of endosperm proteins in common wheat cultivars by analysis of monosomic intervarietal hybrids is reported. endosperm proteins from the common wheats chinese spring, capelle desprez, holdfast and pane 247 are studied using monosomic f1 for the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6. the proteins were fractionated by two electrophoretical techniques, sds- and a-page. the use of monosomic offers a remarkable advant ...	1988	24232358
chromosomal location by f1 monosomic analysis of endosperm proteins in bread wheat : 2. two-dimensional fractionation of gliadins.	the gliadin components from four bread wheat cultivars: chinese spring, capelle desprez, holdfast and pane-247 and their monosomic f1s for the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 have been analyzed by two-dimensional (2-ph) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. chromosomal location of gliadin genes and the allelic differences were well established by analyzing the different f1 monosomic hybrids, electrophoretical patterns and differences in relative staining intensity. a new gliadin encoded ...	1988	24232407
the cumulative effect of allelic variation in lmw and hmw glutenin subunits on dough properties in the progeny of two bread wheats.	the effects of allelic variation at gli-a1, glua3 and glu-a1 loci coding for gliadins, lmw glutenin subunits and hmw glutenin subunits on dough resistance and extensibility was analysed in 56 f2-derived f6 families from a cross between bread wheats mkr(111/8) and 'kite'. extensograph data from two sites giving widely different flour protein levels (approximately 7% and 14%) revealed that the glu-a3m and glu-a1b alleles were associated with larger effects on dough resistance and extensibility tha ...	1989	24232474
identification of a 1b/1r wheat-rye chromosome translocation.	the common wheat selection '79-4045' was identified as a wheat-rye 1b/1r chromosome translocation line, by means of c-banding patterns and test cross with 'chinese spring' double-ditelosomic line. the translocation chromosome consisted of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1b, including its centromere, and the short arm of rye chromosome 1r or tis portion.	1989	24232478
production and cytogenetics of triticum aestivum l. hybrids with some rhizomatous agropyron species.	intergeneric hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and conventional rhizomatous agropyron species were produced in variable frequencies. they were recovered in high percentage frequencies for t. aestivum cultivars with a. acutum (14.6%), a. intermedium (48.0%), a. pulcherrimum (53.3%), and a. trichophorum (46.6%). the crossability percentages with the highly crossable cultivar 'chinese spring' for these agropyron species accessions were 33.12%, 65.0%, 53.3%, and 65.4%, respectively. autosyndetic ...	1989	24232523
expression of α-amylase and other gibberellin-regulated genes in aleurone tissue of developing wheat grains.	aleurone tissue from freshly harvested immature wheat grains (triticum aestivum l. cv. sappo) which is normally unresponsive to gibberellic acid can be made responsive by subjecting the tissue to a pre-incubation treatment in a simple buffered medium prior to the addition of the growth substance. the effectiveness of this treatment is dependent on grain age, with grains less than 15-20 days post anthesis failing to become converted to a responsive state whilst tissue from grains older than this ...	1986	24232656
comparative performance of bread wheat and hexaploid triticale cytoplasms.	thirteen wheat-like advanced-generation triticale x wheat derivatives, having tetraploid wheat cytoplasm from triticale, were reciprocally crossed with three improved bread wheats, and the resulting f1s were evaluated for determining the comparative performance of the bread wheat and triticale cytoplasms for different traits. significant reciprocal differences in the mean performance were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, spikes/plant, flag-leaf area, peduncle length, plant height, ...	1989	24232802
the characterization and comparative analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes from genomes a and b of a hexaploid bread wheat.	two high-molecular-weight subunit (hmws) glutenin genes from the a and b genomes of the hexaploid bread wheat triticum aestivum l. cv cheyenne have been isolated and sequenced. both of these genes are of the high mr class (x-type) of hmw glutenins, and have not been previously reported. the entire set of six hmw genes from cultivar cheyenne have now been isolated and characterized. an analysis of the ax and bx sequences shows that the ax sequence is similar to the homoeologous gene from the d ge ...	1989	24232803
combined electron-spin-resonance, x-ray-diffraction studies on phospholipid vesicles obtained from cold-hardened wheats : i. an attempt to correlate electron-spin-resonance spectral characteristics with frost resistance.	phospholipid multibilayers, obtained from two cultivars of thermally acclimated wheats of different frost resistances (triticum aestivum l. cv. penjamo 62, the sensitive cultivar, and t. aestivum l. cv. miranovskaja 808, the frost-resistant cultivar), were investigated using electron-spin-resonance and x-ray-diffraction techniques. the former technique revealed two breaks in the motion of the spin-labelled fatty acid 2-(14-carboxyte-tradecyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl, for both cul ...	1987	24232836
combined electron-spin-resonance, x-ray-diffraction studies on phospholipid vesicles obtained from cold-hardened wheats : ii. the role of free sterols.	the contents of free sterols and phospholipids in leaves of wheat, triticum aestivum l., cultivars of different frost resistances, as well as the physical state of isolated phospholipids in the presence and absence of sterols, were compared before and after hardening. there was an inverse relationship between the sterol/phospholipid ratio and frost tolerance as a consequence of both a decrease in the free sterol, and an increase in the total phospholipid content. sterol-sterol interactions were ...	1987	24232837
enhancement of phototropic response to a range of light doses in triticum aestivum coleoptiles in clinostat-simulated microgravity.	the phototropic dose-response relationship has been determined for triticum aestivum cv. broom coleoptiles growing on a purpose-built clinostat apparatus providing gravity compensation by rotation about a horizontal axis at 2 rev·min(-1). these data are compared with data sets obtained with the clinostat axis vertical and stationary, as a 1·g control, and rotating vertically to examine clinostat effects other than gravity compensation. triticum at 1·g follows the wellestablished pattern of other ...	1987	24232885
the effect of abscisic acid on cell turgor pressures, solute content and growth of wheat roots.	abscisic acid (aba) was shown to influence turgor pressure and growth in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots. at a concentrations of 25 mmol·m(-3), aba increased the turgor pressure of cells located within 1 cm of the tip by up to 450 kpa. at 4 to 5 cm from the root tip this concentration of aba reduced the turgor pressure of peripheral cells (epidermis and the first few cortical cell layers) to zero or close to zero while that of the inner cells was increased. increases in sap osmolality were de ...	1987	24232886
analysis of phylogenetic relations of durum, carthlicum and common wheats by means of comparison of alleles of gliadin-coding loci.	polymorphism and inheritance of wheat storage protein, gliadin, of durum (macaroni) and carthlicum wheats have been studied. analysis of gliadin in 78 cultivars and in f2 seeds of intercultivar crosses of durum wheat revealed three different chromosome 1a-encoded blocks of components similar to those found in common wheat (gld1a2, gld1a18, gld1a19). most of the durum cultivars studied had these three blocks; gld1a2 was also frequent in common wheat. in contrast, all chromosome 1b-encoded blocks ...	1989	24232907
recombination of r-d chromosome in pollen plants cultured from hybrid of 6x triticale x common wheat.	ninety-three pollen plants derived from the hybrid f1 of 6x triticale x common wheat were observed cytologically. the rye chromosomes presented in these plants were identified by giemsa-banding. pollen plants having chromosome constitution 2n = 24 in haploids and 2n=46 in diploids were found to be predominant. the chromosome distributions of the r and d genome are different. r chromosomes distributed randomly and tended to full combination in offspring, but d chromosomes distributed non-randomly ...	1989	24232910
characterization and regeneration of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) embryogenic cell suspension cultures.	stable cell suspension cultures were established from two types of calli (one compact, nodular and embryogenic, the other friable and embryogenic) derived from cultured immature embryos of wheat (cv fla302). only aged calli, which had been subcultured for at least 5-8 months, formed suspensions comprised mainly of groups of small, round, densely cytoplasmic, starch-containing cells. only the embryogenic suspension derived from the aged, compact and nodular callus formed distinct somatic embryos ...	1990	24232924
chimeric gene expression using maize intron in cultured cells of breadwheat.	high voltage electrical pulses were used to introduce the cat reporter gene into cultured protoplasts of breadwheat,triticum aestivum. four dna constructs harboring the cat gene and the 35s or mannipine synthase promoter were tested for levels of cat activity 40-45 hr after electroporation of protoplasts. one construct, containing a maize intron sequence between 35s and cat sequences, conferred 30 to 185 fold greater cat activity over the other three constructs. data from these experiments sugge ...	1989	24233093
efficient production of haploid wheat (triticum aestivum) through crosses between japanese wheat and maize (zea mays).	four japanese wheat varieties, three crossable and one non-crossable with hordeum bulbosum, were pollinated with maize pollen of 5 genotypes. by the application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid after pollination, embryos kept developing on wheat plants until 14 days after pollination. the frequency of embryo formation was significantly different among the maize genotypes, varying from 18.0% to 31.9%, but not among the wheat varieties. by bagging spikes with flag leaves the frequency of embryo f ...	1989	24233221
a chemical basis for differential allelopathic potential of sorghum hybrids on wheat.	the basis for differential allelopathic potentials among sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. moench) hybrids was investigated by conducting quantitative and qualitative studies of their phenolic contents. total phenolic content in sorghum plant parts varied within hybrids, among hybrids, and between growing seasons. inhibition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) radicle growth was positively associated (r=0.66) with concentrations of total phenolics contained in plant parts. extracts from culms contributed ...	1995	24234317
nitrate reductase-mediated early nitric oxide burst alleviates oxidative damage induced by aluminum through enhancement of antioxidant defenses in roots of wheat (triticum aestivum).	• nitric oxide (no) is an important signaling molecule involved in the physiological processes of plants. the role of no release in the tolerance strategies of roots of wheat (triticum aestivum) under aluminum (al) stress was investigated using two genotypes with different al resistances. • an early no burst at 3 h was observed in the root tips of the al-tolerant genotype jian-864, whereas the al-sensitive genotype yang-5 showed no no accumulation at 3 h but an extremely high no concentration af ...	2014	24237306
identification and characterization of the three homeologues of a new sucrose transporter in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	sucrose transporters (suts) play important roles in regulating the translocation of assimilates from source to sink tissues. identification and characterization of new suts in economically important crops such as wheat provide insights into their role in determining seed yield. to date, however, only one sut of wheat has been reported and functionally characterized. the present study reports the isolation and characterization of a new sut, designated as tasut2, and its homeologues (tasut2a, tasu ...	2013	24237613
treatment with the herbicide topik induces oxidative stress in cereal leaves.	leaf disks as well as intact 7-day-old plants of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. mironovskaya 808), winter rye (secale cereale l., cv. estafeta tatarstana), and maize (zea mays l., cv. kollektivnyi 172mv), were treated with the aryloxyphenoxypropionate class herbicide topik, concentrate-emulsion (active ingredient is clodinafop-propargyl (cp), 8-800μg/l), and the effects of short-term action (up to 3h) and long-term aftereffect (up to 3days) on physiological and biochemical indices relat ...	0	24238289
chromosomal location of a k/na discrimination character in the d genome of wheat.	k/na ratios have been determined in the leaves of salt-treated plants of 14 disomic substitution lines in which each of the d-genome chromosomes replaces the homoeologous a- or b-genome chromosome in the tetraploid wheat variety langdon (aabb genome). aneuploid lines of hexaploid bread wheat (cv chinese spring) having a reduced or an enhanced complement of chromosome 4d have also been examined. these investigations show that the gene(s) determining k/na ratios in the leaves of wheat plants grown ...	1987	24240213
null alleles for gliadin blocks in bread and durum wheat cultivars.	wheat gliadin proteins are coded by clusters of genes (complex loci) located on the short arms of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 6 in bread (6x) and durum (4x) wheats. the proteins expressed by the various complex loci have been designated gliadin blocks. in a survey of accessions from the germplasm institute (c.n.r., bari, italy) collection, several different accessions have been found that lack particular blocks of proteins (null alleles). in some bread wheat accessions, seeds do not ...	1987	24240217
variability and genetics of spacer dna sequences between the ribosomal-rna genes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum).	using restriction enzyme digests of genomic dna extracted from the leaves of 25 hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) cultivars and their hybrids, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the spacer dna which separates the ribosomal-rna genes have been examined. (from one to three thousand of these genes are borne on chromosomes 1b and 6b of hexaploid wheat). the data show that there are three distinct alleles of the 1b locus, designated nor-b1a, nor-b1b, and nor-b1c, and at leas ...	1987	24240218
effect of population structure on protein-yield improvements in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell).	in a study designed to develop a more efficient breeding method for concurrent protein-yield improvements in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell), 7 base populations [2 f2's, 1 intermated f2 (if2) and 4 partial backcross (pbc) populations] developed from biparental crosses involving 2 canadian hard red spring (chrs) and 2 canadian utility (cu) wheat cultivars were evaluated in winnipeg, manitoba, canada. the if2 and pbc populations were generated for comparison with conventional f2 populations ...	1987	24240219
wheat protoplast culture: embryogenic colony formation from protoplasts.	wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring) protoplasts were isolated from immature embryos or embryogenic calli (3-4 weeks of culture on ms medium with 32 mg/1 dicamba) and cultured in r2 medium containing 2 mg/1 2,4-d by the nurse culture methods originally developed for rice protoplasts (kyozuka et al. 1987). protoplasts isolated from embryogenic calli started to divide within 3-5 days and formed colonies at frequencies up to 2% after 3-4 weeks of culture, while protoplasts isolated from i ...	1988	24240258
the relationship between carbon-dioxide-limited photosynthetic rate and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase content in two nuclear-cytoplasm substitution lines of wheat, and the coordination of ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylation and electron-transport capacities.	photosynthesis in two cultivars of triticum aestivum was compared with photosynthesis in two lines having the same nuclear genomes but with cytoplasms derived from t. boeoticum. the in-vitro specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase; ec 4.1.1.39) isolated from lines with t. boeoticum cytoplasm was only 71% of that of normal t. aestivum. by contrast, the rubpcase activities calculated from the co2-assimilation rate at low partial pressures of co2, p(co2), were the same ...	1986	24240303
modification by gibberellin of the growth-temperature relationship in mutant and normal genotypes of several cereals.	high-resolution growth measurements were conducted using a linear variable displacement transformer in conjunction with a temperature-programmed meristem-cooling collar. chilling and rewarming profiles were determined for a range of gramineae, in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of gibberellic acid (ga3). in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings, the growth-constraining temperature (pe) was progressively lowered by increasing ga3 concentration, with a difference of-4.8°c betwe ...	0	24240305
high molecular weight glutenin subunit variation in triticum turgidum var. dicoccum.	variation in high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin subunit composition among 167 accessions of dicoccum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. dicoccum schrank) of diverse origins was investigated using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). a total of 20 alleles were identified, and 9 of them were found to be different from those previously detected by payne and lawrence (1983 b) in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the newly discovered alleles enh ...	1987	24240328
the inheritance of seed peroxidases of wheat and rye: further data.	further data on the inheritance of seed peroxidases of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.) have been obtained from the genetic analysis of several progenies of both species. additional data on the inheritance and the chromosomal location and linkage have been obtained for peroxidases of wheat embryo and rye endosperm. the general presence of null alleles in peroxidase loci has been confirmed in both species. in addition to simple monogenic inheritance, epistatic se ...	1987	24240338
aneuploid and alloplasmic lines as tools for the study of nuclear and cytoplasmic control of culture ability and regeneration of scutellar calli from common wheat.	twenty four b genome aneuploid lines (di-telosomics, nullisomic-tetrasomics and tetrasomics) of triticum aestivum cv 'chinese spring' were used in an analysis of the culture ability and regeneration capability of scutellar calli. several correlations were found between the presence or absence of specific chromosomes and chromosomal arms of the b genome of common wheat and the growth and differentiation capabilities of these calli. the rate of callus growth decreased only when the long arm of chr ...	1987	24240343
wheat storage proteins: diversity of hmw glutenin subunits in wild emmer from israel : 1. geographical patterns and ecological predictability.	the diversity of hmw glutenin subunits in the tetraploid wild progenitor of wheat, triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides was studied electrophoretically in 231 individuals representing 11 populations of wild emmer from israel. the results show that (a) the two hmw glutenin loci, glu-a1 and glu-b1, are rich in variation, having 11 and 15 alleles, respectively, (b) genetic variation in hmw glutenin subunits is often severely restricted in individual populations, supporting an island population geneti ...	1987	24240347
monoclonal antibodies to plant plasma-membrane antigens.	murine monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens were generated by immunization with a crude cellular membrane preparation from suspension-cultured cells of nicotiana glutinosa l. from a panel of thirteen monoclonal antibodies, seven were found to be directed against antigens present on the plasma-membrane by immunofluorescence visualization of antibody binding to the surface of isolated protoplasts. the corresponding set of plasma-membrane antigen(s) were present in root, shoot and leaf tissue ...	1986	24240360
protein inhibitors of microbial proteinases from wheat, rye and triticale.	specific protein inhibitors of microbial serine proteinases were isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rye (secale cereale l.) and triticale using affinity chromatography on subtilisin-sepharose 4b. the wheat inhibitor had an isoelectric point (pi) at ph 7.2, while the rye inhibitor consisted of two forms with pi values of 6.8 and 7.1. in triticale, two components were present with pis 7.2 and 6.8. all the inhibitors had m r values of approx. 20 000. the isolated proteins were effective in ...	1986	24240378
chromosomal alterations in the karyotype of triticale in comparison with the parental forms : 2. heterochromatin of the wheat chromosomes.	wheat chromosomes of the primary winter hexaploid and octoploid triticales and of the parental durum and common wheat varieties were studied using morphometric analysis. the size of some heterochromatic segments was shown to change in triticale. telomeric and intercalary c-bands both increased and decreased in size whereas centromeric bands only increased. the size variability of c-bands in triticale b-genome chromosomes decreased in most of the cases and increased only for several specific c-ba ...	1986	24240749
meiotic pairing and alpha-amylase phenotype in a 5b/5r(m) triticum aestivum - secale montanum translocation line in common wheat.	a 5bs/5r(m)s translocation chromosome spontaneously recovered from a 'chinese spring' - secale montanum wheat-rye telocentric 5r(m)s addition line has been identified and cytologically studied using c-banding in somatic and meiotic cells. analysis of the translocated chromosome showed that a terminal segment of the short arm of 5b had been replaced by a short terminal region of chromosome arm 5r(m)s. the translocation led to the deletion of the genetic system promoting pairing located in 5bs, wh ...	1986	24240757
cell size and chloroplast size in relation to chloroplast replication in light-grown wheat leaves.	as part of an investigation into the control of chloroplast replication the number and size of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was examined in relation to the size of the cells. in first leaves of triticum aestivum l. and t. monococcum l. the number of chloroplasts in fully expanded mesophyll cells is positively correlated with the plan area of the cells. the linear relationship between chloroplast number per cell and cell plan area is also consistent over a fivefold range of cell size in isogen ...	1985	24240966
a somaclonal variant of wheat with additional β-amylase isozymes.	the progeny of 149 plants regenerated from tissue culture of immature wheat (triticum aestivum) embryos were screened for variation in their grain β-amylase isozyme pattern. one regenerant was found which was heterozygous for a variant pattern characterized by the presence of at least five new isozyme bands, as well as an increased intensity in existing bands in two more positions. the f2 of a homozygous variant crossed back to the parent segregated in an approximate 3∶1 ratio but resolution of ...	1987	24241010
fusion characteristics of plant protoplasts in electric fields.	the electrical parameters important in the fusion of plant protoplasts aligned dielectrophoretically in high-frequency alternating electric fields have been established. protoplasts were aligned in an alternating electric field between two relatively distant (1 mm) electrodes, by dielectrophoresis induced by field inhomogeneities caused by the protoplasts themselves. this arrangement allowed ease of manipulations, large throughput and low loss of protoplasts. in analytical experiments, sufficien ...	1985	24241045
genetic transfer of resistance to powdery mildew and of an associated biochemical marker from aegilops ventricosa to hexaploid wheat.	resistance to powdery mildew, caused by the fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici, has been transferred from aegilops ventricosa (genomes d(v)m(v)) to hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, abd). in two transfer lines, h-93-8 and h-93-35, the resistance gene was linked to a gene encoding protein u-1, whereas one line, h-93-33, was resistant but lacked the molecular marker, and another line, h-93-1, was susceptible but carried the gene for u-1, indicating that the original m(v) chromosome from ae. ...	1987	24241120
inheritance of partial resistance to powdery mildew in spring wheat.	four spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars exhibiting partial resistance to powdery mildew induced by erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici were crossed to a common susceptible cultivar to study the inheritance of resistance. the genetic parameters contributing to resistance were estimated by generation means analyses. additive gene action was the most important genetic component of variation among generation means in all four crosses. additive by additive effects were significant in one cross ...	1987	24241121
tagetitoxin affects plastid development in seedling leaves of wheat.	ultrastructural and biochemical approaches were used to investigate the mode of action of tagetitoxin, a nonhost-specific phytotoxin produced by pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (hellmers) young, dye and wilkie, which causes chlorosis in developing - but not mature - leaves. tagetitoxin has no effect on the growth rate or morphology of developing leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. its cytological effects are limited to plastid aberrations; in both light-and dark-grown leaves treat ...	1985	24241135
appearance of wheat-germ agglutinin during maturation of field-grown wheat.	field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has been used as a developmental system to study the appearance of wheat-germ agglutinin during grain maturation. the lectin appears at the mid-grain growth period (30-34 days post-anthesis) and continues to be synthesised throughout the late stages of maturation and desiccation. an acidic endopeptidase activity, inhibited by pepstatin-phenanthroline is present in extracts of embryo and endosperm throughout maturation. after in-vivo labelling of immature ...	1985	24241143
cytogenetic analysis of structural rearrangements in three varieties of common wheat, triticum aestivum.	the winter wheat varieties 'starke' and 'cappelle desprez' and the spring wheat 'chinese spring' were analysed for structural chromosome rearrangements that resulted in the formation of multivalents in f1 hybrids. the analyses were carried out using hybrids involving euploids, monosomic and ditelosomic stocks, and double-monotelodisomic constructs. the study confirmed that 'cappelle desprez' differs from 'chinese spring' in a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5b and 7b (riley et al. 1 ...	1987	24241185
the peroxidase isozymes of the wheat kernel: tissue and substrate specificity and their chromosomal location.	peroxidase isozymes were studied in the triticum aestivum l. kernel and in nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelocentric combinations of 'chinese spring' wheat. analyses were carried out on different parts of dry kernels (embryo plus scutellum and endosperm) using polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis, different electrophoretic buffer systems and various staining methods. the peroxidase isozymes showed a low substrate-specificity and a high tissue-specificity. the embryo plus scutellum and the ...	1987	24241194
nor loci analysis in progenies of plants regenerated from the scutellar callus of bread-wheat : a molecular approach to evaluate somaclonal variation.	progenies of plants regenerated from scutellar callus of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were analysed for the organization of the intergenic spacer of the rrna genes, located at the sites of the nucleolar organizer region (nor loci). sexual progenies derived from the regenerated plants of three wheat cultivars were subjected to this analysis. the respective dnas were digested with the restriction endonuclease taqi, and probed with a specific rdna fragment by southern blothybridization. the i ...	1987	24241291
chromosomal location of isozyme and seed storage protein genes in dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy.	the zymogram phenotypes of glucose-phosphate isomerase (gpi), alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (adh-1), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got), superoxide dismutase (sod), lipoxygenase (lpx), esterase (est) and the banding patterns of gliadin and glutenin seed storage proteins were determined for triticum aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' (cs), dasypyrum villosum, the octoploid amphiploid t. aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' d. villosum (cs × v) (2n=8x=56; aabbddvv), and for five cs-d. villosum disomic additi ...	1987	24241293
the membranes of slowly drought-stressed wheat seedlings: a freeze-fracture study.	seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cv. neepawa were slowly drought-stressed by witholding water after sowing in pots. leaf extension stopped during development of the third leaf. damage was assessed by rewatering the pots and measuring regrowth; 1-5 d after growth stopped, rewatering induced significant regrowth within several hours; 6-13 d after growth stopped, regrowth was delayed; from 14 d after growth stopped, no regrowth occurred after rewatering. leaf bases were excised from the drought-st ...	1985	24241306
heat modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by temperature pretreatment of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.	the effect of low-, ambient- and high-temperature pretreatments (48 h at 4° c, 20° c or 36° c) of wheat seedlings (spring wheat triticum aestivum l., cv. kolibri) on the solubility properties of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpcase; ec 4.1.1.39) was studied. the extractable protein moiety of heat-pretreated plants exhibited increased solubility in dilute buffer (50 mm k-phosphate, ph 6.8), compared with protein extracted from 4° c- or 20° c-plants. the salting-out characteri ...	1985	24241320
a novel method for increasing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis in wheat tissue culture by nacl and kcl supplementation.	the effect of nacl, kcl and licl on the growth and morphogeneis of tissue cultures originating from immature embryos of four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and one triticale (triticosecale)varieties was investigated. the morphogenetic pathway to plant regeneration in chinese spring wheat was determined as incomplete somatic embryogenesis because the differentiation and subsequent germination of the shoot apices happened in the early phase of embryo development. culture medium supplemented by nacl ...	1988	24241416
gametoclonal variation detected in the nuclear ribosomal dna from doubled haploid lines of a spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. 'césar').	the organization of the nuclear ribosomal dna from a parental line of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. 'césar') and its anther-derived first cycle and second cycle doubled haploid lines has been analyzed by dna-dna molecular hybridization. restricted dna has been probed by three subclones of wheat nuclear ribosomal dna covering the entire repeat unit. no significant difference was detected in the extent of methylation of ribosomal dna of the doubled haploid lines with respect to the parental lin ...	1987	24241452
electrophoretic analysis of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of triticum monococcum, t. urartu, and the a genome of bread wheat (t. aestivum).	the high molecular weight (hmw) subunit composition of glutenin was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) in the a genome of 497 diploid wheats and in 851 landraces of bread wheat. the material comprised 209 accessions of wild triticum monococcum ssp. boeoticum from greece, turkey, lebanon, armenia, iraq, and iran; 132 accessions of the primitive domesticate t. monococcum ssp. monococcum from many different germplasm collections; one accession of free ...	1987	24241459
chromosome variation in dividing protoplasts and cell suspensions of wheat.	the cytology of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) suspension lines, recycled lines (selected for high division frequency) and their dividing protoplasts, have been examined. extensive numerical and structural chromosome variation was present in all the lines. the most frequently observed chromosome numbers were around 2n=32, indicating that considerable chromosome loss from the normal wheat complement (2n=6x=42) had occurred during selection of the lines. chromosome aberrations also indicated loss ...	1987	24241469
detoxification of n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate by carrot cells in suspension culture.	in bacterial and mammalian cells, n-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-aspartate (pala) suppresses growth by strongly inhibiting aspartate transcarbamoylase (atcase; ec 2.1.3.2), a key enzyme of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. at a concentration that would suppress growth in mammalian or bacterial cells, and that is nearly a million-fold greater than the inhibition constant (k i ) for atcase in carrot (daucus carota) seedling extracts, pala does not suppress growth of carrot cells in suspension culture. t ...	1985	24241524
substitution analysis of callus induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the genetic determination of callus induction, total plant regeneration and green plant regeneration from anther culture were studied using a "chinese spring"/"cheyenne" substitution series. all the three characteristics were found to be polygenically determined, but their inheritance was independent from one another. the 7a and 18 chromosomes had a considerable effect on callus induction. in the case of total plant regeneration the most influential chromosome "as the 3a while the 2d chromosome ...	1988	24241549
genetic variability for heat shock proteins in common wheat.	the response of the common wheat line 'chinese spring' to heat shocks of different time lengths was studied by the two-dimensional (2d) electrophoresis of denatured proteins. after a heat shock of 5 h, 33 heat shock proteins (hsps) accumulated in an amount sufficient to be revealed by silver stain. two other wheat lines ('moisson' and 'selkirk') were then submitted to a heat shock of 5 h, and the responses of the 3 lines were compared: of a total of 35 hsps, 13 (37.1%) were quantitatively or qua ...	1987	24241566
identification and chromosomal locations of aconitase gene loci in triticeae species.	two systems of monomeric aconitase (aco) isozymes, designated aco-1 and aco-2, were identified in triticum aestivum and in five diploid triticeae species. the gene loci aco-a1, aco-b1, and aco-d1 were located in t. aestivum cv. 'chinese spring' chromosome arms 6aq, 6bq, and 6dq, respectively, and the gene loci aco-a2, aco-b2, and aco-d2 in 5 aq, 5 bq, and 5dq, respectively. aco-1 gene loci were also identified in 6eβ of elytrigia elongata, 6hl of hordeum vulgare cv. 'betzes', 6rl of secale cerea ...	1987	24241574
the addition of dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy chromosomes to durum wheat (triticum durum desf.).	six monosomic addition lines were produced in which different dasypyrum villosum (l.) candargy chromosomes were added to the chromosome complement of triticum durum desf. cv. 'creso'. each added alien chromosome was found to have a specific effect on plant morphology and fertility. transmission rate varied widely (from 7.5 to 27.7%) among the six univalent chromosomes. different monotelosomic addition plants derived by a relatively high frequency of chromosome misdivision were isolated. the addi ...	1987	24241669
genetic analysis of the anther-culture response of three spring wheat crosses.	anther-culture response was examined among three spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars to evaluate the genetic component of response and to determine whether androgenetic performance could be improved by selection. the three lines, the three possible f1's among the three lines, their f2's, and the backcrosses to the parents were evaluated for callus production and regeneration capacity. significant variation was observed among the generations of the three crosses for callus formation. ge ...	1987	24241670
transfer of the 1bl/1rs wheat-rye-translocation from hexaploid bread wheat to tetraploid durum wheat.	the present study describes a cytological stable alien chromosome translocation in tetraploid durum wheat. by crossing the hexaploid 1bl/1rs wheat-rye translocation line "veery" to the tetraploid durum wheat cultivar "cando" it was possible to select a 28 chromosomic strain homozygous for the 1bl/1rs translocation. the disease resistance potential of the short arm of rye chromosome 1r, which has been widely introduced in many hexaploid bread wheat cultivars could be now also used for the improve ...	1987	24241794
the effect of ph gene alleles on synaptonemal complex formation in triticum aestivum × t. kotschyi hybrids.	chromosome pairing at zygotene-pachytene was studied in triticum aestivum × t. kotschyi hybrids (2n=5x=35, genomic constitution abdc(u)s(v)) by electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes in spread microsporocyte nuclei. hybrids carrying either the ph allele or the ph allele, which differ markedly in metaphase i pairing, are both capable of greater than 90% pachytene pairing, although pairing in the ph hybrids appeared slower or less synchronised. in both genotypes branched synaptonemal comple ...	1987	24241796
the effect of the 4b chromosomes of hexaploid wheat on the growth and regeneration of callus cultures.	calli were initiated from immature embryos of nine lines of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell). these were the euploid lines chinese spring and cappelle-desprez, a line of chinese spring ditelocentric for the long arm of 4b, four substitution lines of chinese spring in which chromosome 4b has been replaced by its homologues from different wheat varieties and substituted into chinese spring and a substitution line of besostaya i 4b into cappelle-desprez. the calli from these lines w ...	1987	24241797
interaction between genes controlling a new group of glutenin subunits in bread wheat.	one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of reduced total protein extracts from the endosperm of hexaploid wheat revealed a new set of faintly-stained bands, having slower electrophoretic mobility than the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunits. these new bands have been termed the e group of glutenin subunits. analysis of aneuploid stocks of chinese spring wheat has shown that three of the e bands, in order of increasing electrophoretic mobili ...	1987	24241800
monosomic analysis of heading date and spikelet number in the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) multispikelet line 'noa'.	genetic analysis of heading date and spikelet number was carried out in the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) multispikelet line 'noa', by using the monosomic series of the regular line 'mara'. 'noa's' high number of spikelets was found to be controlled by a recessive major gene on chromosome 2d; a slight reduction in spikelet number was induced by another recessive gene on 'noa's' 7a chromosome. 'noa's' late heading date was found to be controlled by two recessive genes, located on chromosome ...	1987	24241806
copy numbers of chloroplast and nuclear genomes are proportional in mature mesophyll cells of triticum and aegilops species.	the possibility of estimating the proportion of chloroplast dna (ctdna) and nuclear dna (ndna) in nucleic-acid extracts by selective digestion with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme psti, was tested using leaf extracts from spinacia oleracea and triticum aestivum. values of ctdna as percentage ndna were estimated to be 14.58%±0.56 (se) in s. oleracea leaves and 4.97%±0.36 (se) in t. aestivum leaves. these estimates agree well with those already reported for the same type of leaf mater ...	1986	24241861
callus formation and plantlet regeneration from protoplasts derived from suspension cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	protoplasts were isolated from anther-derived suspension cultures of commercial wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chris). the protoplasts were released enzymatically and isolated by centrifugation on a sucrose cushion. the isolated protoplasts were initially cultured in a liquid medium in the dark. numerous microcalli were produced under these conditions, some of which differentiated into globular embryos. upon transfer to a solid medium and exposure to 16h/8h light/dark cycle, the protocalli prol ...	1988	24241878
allelopathy of oats. ii. allelochemical effect ofl-tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates.	l-tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (amaranthus caudatus l.), lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), cress (lepidium sativum l.), timothy (phleum pratense l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and oat (avena sativa l.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mm for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice ...	1994	24242057
silencing of an aphid carboxylesterase gene by use of plant-mediated rnai impairs sitobion avenae tolerance of phoxim insecticides.	rna interference (rnai) describes the ability of double-stranded rna (dsrna) to inhibit homologous gene expression at the rna level. its specificity is sequence-based and depends on the sequence of one strand of the dsrna corresponding to part or all of a specific gene transcript. in this study we adopted plant-mediated rnai technology that targets sitobion avenae (s. avenae) to enable gene silencing in the aphid and to minimize handling of the insects during experiments. s. avenae was selected ...	2014	24242160
genetic transformation of wheat via particle bombardment.	since its first invention in the late 1980s the particle gun has evolved from a basic gunpowder driven machine firing tungsten particles to one more refined which uses helium gas as the propellant to launch alternative heavy metal particles such as gold and silver. the simple principle is that dna-coated microscopic particles (microcarriers) are accelerated at high speed by helium gas within a vacuum and travel at such a velocity as to penetrate target cells. however, the process itself involves ...	2014	24243206
genetic transformation of wheat via agrobacterium-mediated dna delivery.	the method described involves an initial incubation of wheat immature embryos in a liquid culture of agrobacterium tumefaciens. the agrobacterium strain is engineered to contain a binary vector with a gene of interest and a selectable marker gene placed between the t-dna borders; the t-dna is the region transferred to the plant cells, thus harnessing the bacterium's natural ability to deliver specific dna into host cells. following the initial inoculation with the agrobacterium, the embryos are ...	2014	24243208
comparative genome analysis between agrostis stolonifera and members of the pooideae subfamily, including brachypodium distachyon.	creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera, allotetraploid 2n = 4x = 28) is one of the major cool-season turfgrasses. it is widely used on golf courses due to its tolerance to low mowing and aggressive growth habit. in this study, we investigated genome relationships of creeping bentgrass relative to the triticeae (a consensus map of triticum aestivum, t. tauschii, hordeum vulgare, and h. spontaneum), oat, rice, and ryegrass maps using a common set of 229 est-rflp markers. the genome comparisons b ...	2013	24244501
mutant alleles of photoperiod-1 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that confer a late flowering phenotype in long days.	flowering time in wheat and barley is known to be modified by mutations in the photoperiod-1 (ppd-1) gene. semi-dominant ppd-1a mutations conferring an early flowering phenotype are well documented in wheat but gene sequencing has also identified candidate loss of function mutations for ppd-a1 and ppd-d1. by analogy to the recessive ppd-h1 mutation in barley, loss of function mutations in wheat are predicted to delay flowering under long day conditions. to test this experimentally, introgression ...	2013	24244507
relative efficiency of two mating systems and selection procedures for yield improvement in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the relative efficiences of the biparental mating systems and selfing series in connection with phenotypic and geno-phenotypic selection procedures were evaluated for yield improvement in a cross 'hp1102' x 'cpan 1681' of wheat. two selection cycles having a 4 per cent selection intensity for grain yield were carried out following both selection procedures under the two mating systems. following these selection procedures, a greater improvement for grain yield could be achieved with the biparent ...	1985	24247346
induction of recombination between rye chromosome 1rl and wheat chromosomes.	the ph1b mutant in bread wheat has been used to induce homoeologous pairing and recombination between chromosome arm 1rl of cereal rye and wheat chromosome/s. a figure of 2.87% was estimated for the maximal frequency of recombination between a rye glutelin locus tightly linked to the centromere and the heterochromatic telomere on the long arm of rye chromosome 1r in the progeny of ph1b homozygotes. this equates to a gametic recombination frequency of 1.44%. this is the first substantiated geneti ...	1985	24247384
nucleolus organizer competition in triticum aestivum - aegilops umbellulata chromosome addition lines.	the nucleolar organizer activity of wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd) and aegilops umbellulata (uu) chromosomes have been analyzed in the complete set of the chromosome addition lines by using a highly reproducible silver-staining procedure. chromosomes 1u and 5u produce the partial inactivation of wheat nucleolar organizer chromosomes 6b, 1b and 5d. the chromosomes d and g from ae. umbellulata, which are not sat-chromosomes, seem to specifically influence the activity of wheat nors. the predomi ...	1985	24247394
organelle genome stability in anther-derived doubled haploids of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. 'moisson').	chloroplast and mitochondrial compartments of a parental line of wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. 'moisson') and its anther-derived doubled haploid lines have been analyzed and compared on the basis of their dna restriction patterns. the results obtained show that no noticeable difference can be detected between doubled haploid lines and parental line at the level of ctdna and mtdna organization. it may be concluded that in vitro culture by itself does not systematically generate a cytoplasmic v ...	1985	24247401
the effect of wheat cytoplasm on the synthesis of wheat x rye hybrids.	four nuclear genotypes of triticum aestivum l., each substituted into the cytoplasm of t. timococcum kostoff, aegilops ventricosa tausch and t. timopheevi zhuk., were crossed with four homozygous secale cereale l. inbred lines to produce 48 alloplasmic octoploid primary triticales. crossability, embryo differentiation, amphihaploid plantlet recovery in vitro, and response to colchicine treatment were investigated. it was found that in general the effects of the wheat cytoplasm on the characteris ...	1985	24247454
the incorporation and characterization of powdery mildew resistance from aegilops longissima in common wheat (t. aestivum l.).	in the progeny of a hybrid between monotelosomic line 3b of 'chinese spring' wheat and 'chinese spring' - aegilops longissima ditelosomic addition line 'g' a cytologically stable strain was selected consisting of 20 wheat chromosome pairs, one pair of telosomic chromosome 3bl and one pair of telosomic longissima chromosome 'g'. inoculating 'chinese spring' - aegilops longissima addition and substitution lines with ten different powdery mildew isolates, partial resistance was observed. the infect ...	1985	24247463
genetical analysis of chromosome 5a of wheat and its influence on important agronomic characters.	chromosome 5a of bread wheat, triticum aestivum carries the major gene, vrnl, which is one of the main determinants of the winter/spring growth habit polymorphism in this species. genetical analysis of this chromosome has been carried out using single-chromosome recombinant lines to establish the pleiotropic effects of this locus and two other major genes, q determining ear morphology and bl determining the presence of awns, on important agronomic characters. the three major genes were located o ...	1985	24247464
production, morphology, and cytogenetic analysis of elymus caninus (agropyron caninum) x triticum aestivum f1 hybrids and backcross-1 derivatives.	intergeneric hybrids were produced between common wheat, triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and wheatgrass, etymus caninus (agropyron caninum) (2n=4x=28, sshh) - the first successful report of this cross. reciprocal crosses and genotypes differed for percent seed set, seed development and f1 hybrid plant production. with e. caninus as the pollen parent, there was no hybrid seed set. in the reciprocal cross, seed set was 23.1-25.4% depending upon wheat genotype used. hybrid plants were produced ...	1986	24247612
heritable somaclonal variation in gliadin proteins of wheat plants derived from immature embryo callus culture.	fertile r0 plants of the winter wheat line nd7532 (triticum aestivum l.) were regenerated from callus tissue after 60-190 days in culture. seeds produced from these self-pollinated plants were planted in the field. of the 5586 r1 plants, 32 differed for one or more agronomic traits from plants not passed through tissue culture process. gliadin electrophoregrams were prepared from bulk samples of r2 seed from these 32 plants. four of the 32 produced gliadin patterns different from controls, so 12 ...	1986	24247703
the effect of specific chromosome and cytoplasm substitutions on the tissue culture response of wheat (triticum aestivum) callus.	calli were initiated from immature embryos of four lines of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell), the euplasmic nuclear donor 'chinese spring', 'chinese spring' in which both 4b chromosomes were substituted by those of the variety 'cappelle-desprez' and two alloplasmic lines in which these nuclei were substituted into the cytoplasm of aegilops ovata. the calli were found to differ in their initia growth rates and their ability to organise shoot primordia and regenerate shoots. the 'c ...	1986	24247705
cytoplasmic effects on the tissue culture response of wheat (triticum aestivum) callus.	calli were initiated from immature embryos of eight lines of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nuclear donor 'chinese spring' and seven alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera triticum and aegilops. the calli were found to differ in their initial growth rates, their sensitivity to 2,4-d and their ability to organise shoot primordia, demonstrating that the cytoplasm can significantly affect the behaviour of tissues ...	1986	24247774
genetic control of heading date and spikelet number in common wheat (t. aestivum l.) line 'noa'.	the phenology and build-up of spikelet number under 10 h day-length were studied in five wheat lines: the multispikelet line 'noa', the regular line 'mara', the f1 hybrid between them and monosomics 2d of 'mara' and of this hybrid (lacking the 2d chromosome of 'mara'). 'noa' had a longer spike development phase, a higher initial number of spikelet primordia and a slower rate of spikelet production than 'mara'. the f1 hybrid was similar to 'noa' in its high initial number of spikelets and to 'mar ...	1986	24247780
genes encoding α-amylase inhibitors are located in the short arms of chromosomes 3b, 3d and 6d of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	three α-amylase inhibitors, designated inh. i, ii and iii have been purified from the 70% ethanol extract of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and characterized by amino acid analysis, n-terminal amino acid sequencing and enzyme inhibition tests. inhibitors i and iii have identical n-terminal sequences and inhibitory properties to those of the previously described 0.19/0.53 group of dimeric inhibitors. inhibitor ii has an n-terminal sequence which is identical to that of the previously desc ...	1986	24247781
wheat specific repetitive dna sequences - construction and characterization of four different genomic clones.	the construction and molecular analysis of four recombinant clones - pta1, pta2, pta7, and pta8 - is described. the four clones contain different highly repeated sequences of genomic dna from triticum aestivum variety 'chinese spring'. the wheat specificity has been determined by colony and dot blot hybridization in comparison with total rye dna (secale cereale variety 'petka'). the four clones with a variable degree of specificity were compared by sequence analysis after the recloning of wheat ...	1986	24247835
genetic control of grain yield and its related traits in bread wheat.	genetic control of tiller number, grain number, grain weight, harvest index and grain yield in six generations, along with the biparentals, f3s, f2xparental progeny, and f2xf1 progeny were investigated in an intervarietal cross of bread wheat involving two highly competitive varieties, 'wl711' and 'hd 2009'. the performance of f1, b1, b2, f2, × p1, f2 × p2 and f2 × f1 progeny was midway between the parents involved with respect to all the evaluated characters. the biparental progeny excelled the ...	1986	24248028
genetics of yellow berry in wheat (triticum aestivum).	the inheritance of yellow berry, a grain disorder in durum and bread wheats, was studied in six intervarietal crosses in bread wheat. the trait was found to be controlled by either two or three dominant genes. monosomic analysis using 'chinese spring' monosomic series showed the presence of two major dominant genes on chromosomes 1a and 7a, and four modifiers on 4a, 4b, 6a and 6d, which influence the expression of yellow berry in bread wheat.	1986	24248030
biochemical evidence of homoeology between triticum aestivum and agropyron intermedium chromosomes.	the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), phosphoglucose mutase (pgm), glucosephosphate isomerase (gpi), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (got), malate dehydrogenase (mdh), leaf esterases (estl), leaf acid (acph) and endosperm alkaline (phe) phosphatases, leaf peroxidases (perl) zymogram phenotypes of triticum aestivum, agropyron intermedium, triticum aestivum - agropyron intermedium octoploids and six agropyron intermedium chromosome additions to triticum aestivum and two ditelocentric addition lines w ...	1986	24248208
molecular analysis of γ-gliadin gene families at the complex gli-1 locus of bread wheat (t. aestivum l.).	a cdna clone (ptag1436) carrying a complete coding sequence for a γ-gliadin polypeptide has been identified and sequenced. by hybridisation to size fractionated poly a(+) rna from wheat nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, homologous transcripts from the gli-a1, gli-b1 and gli-d1 loci were identified. these mrnas differed from those complementary to a low molecular weight (lmw) glutenin cdna clone. hybridization of ptag1436 to digested wheat dna produced a pattern of fragments unrelated to that obtained ...	1986	24248211
effect of illumination on the redox state of cytochrome c oxidase in wheat leaves in vivo.	the redox states of cytochrome a 3 in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.), in light and in the dark were monitored by its reaction with co, which resulted in the stimulation of the in vivo reduction of nitrate to nitrite by nitrate reductase under aerobic conditions. illumination of the leaves for 10 min markedly stimulated the steady state reduction of cytochrome a 3, probably associated with a decreased energization of the mitochondria in light. in the dark, during steady state respiration of ...	1986	24248241