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isolation and expression analyses of the sox9a gene in triploid crucian carp.to investigate the evolutional significance of sox9 in fish, we isolated and characterized sox9a cdna and genomic clones in triploid crucian carp. the cdna encoded a protein of 457 amino acids with an hmg box and showed more than 60% amino acid sequence identity with known vertebrate sox9 proteins. triploid crucian carp and vertebrate sox9s showed similar gene structure, and two introns in the coding region were located at conserved positions. on the basis of the amino acid sequences, sox9a can ...201020467853
the use of computed tomography for assessment of the swim bladder in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).seven normal koi (cyprinus carpio) and seven koi with negative buoyancy were examined using computed tomography (ct) to assess the swim bladder. the volume of the swim bladder was calculated in all animals. in the healthy koi there was a statistical correlation (r = 0.996) between body mass and swim bladder volume with volume (ml) being related to body mass according to the formula 4.9 +/- 0.054 x bm (g). in all koi with buoyancy problems, the gas volume of the swim bladder was reduced. addition ...201620469551
effects of anesthesia and surgery on serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in yellow perch (perca flavescens), walleye pike (sander vitreus), and koi (cyprinus carpio).objective-to evaluate serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in 3 fish species undergoing surgery and to compare blood lactate concentrations between fish that survived and those that died during the short-term postoperative period. design-prospective cohort study. animals-10 yellow perch, 5 walleye pike, and 8 koi. procedures-blood samples were collected from each fish at 3 time points: before anesthesia, during anesthesia, and immediately after surgery. blood gas values and blood l ...201020470073
immunostimulatory activities of bacillus simplex dr-834 to carp (cyprinus carpio).a bacterial strain, designated dr-834 and producing immunostimulatory activities to carp (cyprinus carpio), was isolated from qinghai-tibetan plateau permafrost soil. cultural characteristic studies suggested that this strain belongs to the genus bacillus. the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna gene of strain dr-834 exhibited close similarity (99%) with the 16s rrna gene of bacillus simplex. two compounds showing potent activity were isolated from secondary metabolites of the strain through bio ...201020472068
effect of conjugated linoleic acid on cyprinus carpio var. jian regarding growth, immunity, and disease resistance to aeromonas hydrophila.the present study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (cla) on the growth performance, immune parameters and disease resistance to aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile jian carp. a total of 900 juvenile jian carp (10.71 +/- 0.02 g) were randomly allocated into six groups of each three replicates, feeding isonitrogenous (35% crude protein) and isolipidic (7.8% crude fat) diets containing graded amounts of cla (0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0%) for 60 days. after ...201020473720
use of suppression subtractive hybridization pcr for the development of cdna arrays for the detection of endocrine disruption in carp (cyprinus carpio).the potential of a variety of xenobiotic compounds to modulate or disrupt the endocrine system of humans and wildlife is now widely recognized. in the present study, we developed a molecular tool for the evaluation of endocrine disruption in common carp (cyprinus carpio). suppression subtractive hybridization pcr was applied for the isolation of a relevant gene set, consisting of gender- and hormone-responsive gene fragments. this resulted in 398 different gene fragments that were most related t ...200720483275
an in vivo study of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) liver during prolonged hypoxia.hypoxia induced apoptosis has been studied extensively in many mammalian cell lines but there are only a few studies using whole animal models. we investigated the response of the intact liver to hypoxia in a hypoxia tolerant fish, the carp (cyprinus carpio, l). we exposed carp to hypoxia for up to 42 days, using oxygen level (0.5 mgo(2)/l) that were slightly higher than the critical oxygen level of carp. there was extensive dna damage in liver cells, especially during the first week of exposure ...200720483301
studies on putative neurotransmitters in the distal retina.histochemical and cytochemical studies of the retinas of the teleosts carassius carassius and eugerres plumieri revealed that acetylcholinesterase, besides its main localization in the inner retinal layers, can be also found in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers, and between the apposed processes of horizontal cells of a given layer. similar studies of catecholamine (ca) containing cells in cyprinus carpio and eugerres plumieri have identified cells with bodies located in the inner ple ...198020487732
dopaminergic mechanisms in the carp retina: effects of dopamine, k(+) and light on cyclic amp synthesis.the ability of dopamine, other proposed retinal transmitters, depolarizing agents, and light to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in the carp retina has been examined. in both homogenates and pieces of intact tissue, all of the evidence suggests that a dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase is the only neurotransmitter activated adenylate cyclase in the carp retina. experiments involving the use of several dopaminergic agonist and antagonist drugs indicate that this system possesses similar, if ...198020487759
the mechanisms of zn2+ effects on ca2+-permeable ampa receptors on carp retinal horizontal cells.it was demonstrated in our recent study that zn(2+) had dual effects on ca(2+)-permeable ampa receptors on carp retinal horizontal cells. however, the possible mechanism(s) underlying the zn(2+) effects is still unclear. in the present study, we examined the zn(2+) effects in the presence of cyclothiazide (ctz), an allosteric potentiator of ampa receptors, which could attenuate the receptor desensitization. it was shown that the potentiation effect that low concentration zn(2+) (10 microm) exert ...201020488168
purification of parvalbumin from carp: a protocol that avoids heat-treatment.parvalbumin from carp, a major allergen, was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography (estimated purity >95% to 98% based on sds-page and native page) with a yield of 318 mg, and a number of basic biochemical characteristics were determined. the identity was confirmed by peptide-mass fingerprinting, and ige-binding was demonstrated. the uv/vis absorbance spectra were explained using the previously published amino acid sequences. far uv-cd spectr ...201020492314
high yield expression of an ahl-lactonase from bacillus sp. b546 in pichia pastoris and its application to reduce aeromonas hydrophila mortality in aquaculture.aeromonas hydrophila is a serious pathogen and can cause hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. to control this disease, antibiotics and chemicals are widely used which can consequently result in "superbugs" and chemical accumulation in the food chain. though vaccine against a. hydrophila is available, its use is limited due to multiple serotypes of this pathogen and problems of safety and efficacy. another problem with vaccination is the ability to apply it to small fish especially in high numbers. in ...201020492673
localization and quantitative distribution of biogenic monoamines in the intestinal tract of locust, snail and carp.the localization and quantitative distribution of the biogenic monoamines of the intestinal tract has been studied in locusta migratoria, helix pomatia and cyprinus carpio with morphological and biochemical methods. electron microscopically dense-core vesicles of aminergic character were found in the varicose nerve fibres located in the intestinal muscles of all three animal species. intensive green fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines was detectable in both the varicose nerve fibres an ...198620493154
kinetics of cd4+ and cd8alpha+ t-cell subsets in graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in ginbuna crucian carp carassius auratus langsdorfii.we have previously demonstrated the presence of graft-versus-host reaction (gvhr) in fish employing a model system of clonal triploid ginbuna and tetraploid ginbuna-goldfish hybrids. to elucidate the role of cd8alpha+ t cells in the induction of gvhr, we investigate the kinetics of cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell subsets in gvhr along with the pathological changes associated with gvh disease (gvhd) in ginbuna. gvhr was not induced with a leukocyte fraction lacking cd8alpha+ t cells separated by magnetic ce ...201020493902
a set of polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) and cross-amplification in crucian carp.silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch), as a gynogenetic fish, is a promising model for the study of the evolutionary genetics of vertebrates. we have developed 59 polymorphic trinucleotide and tetranucleotide markers for the silver crucian carp through the biotin capture method and radioactive-labeling hybridization. the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 12 in the population, and the average proportion of heterozygotes (including tri- and diallelic) at polymorphic loci was 76.8% ...201020503069
somatosensory nucleus in the torus semicircularis of cyprinid teleosts.cytoarchitecture and fiber connections of the ventrolateral region of torus semicircularis were studied in goldfish and carp. cytoarchitectural analyses indicate that two toral nuclei, ventrolateral (tsvl) and external (tse) nuclei, are present in this toral region. the tsvl mainly receives lateral line inputs from the medial nucleus of the rhombencephalic octavolateral area, while the tse mainly receives somatosensory fibers from the spinal cord, sensory trigeminal nuclei, and lateral funicular ...201020503423
melatonin and its generating system in vertebrate retina: circadian rhythm, effect of environmental lighting and interaction with dopamine.retinas of rats, rabbits, chicks and carp possess enzymes, i.e. serotonin n-acetyltransferase (nat) and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt), which convert serotonin (5-ht) to melatonin, nat activity and melatonin levels, but not hiomt activity, show distinct circadian rhythms, with peak values occurring during the dark (night) phase of the 12 h light-dark cycle. exposure of the animals to light at night inhibited the night-stimulated nat activity. treatment of rats and rabbits with the dop ...198920504441
muscarinic cholinergic components in the carp brain.the activity of the muscarinic cholinergic system (acetylcholine, ach; acetylcholinesterase, ache; choline acetyltransferase, chat; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) was studied in the carp brain. the ach content (13.9 +/- 1.1 nmol/g wet tissue) was estimated by gas chromatography after microwave irradiation focused to the head. the ache and chat activities were 153 +/- 13 nmol/min/mg protein and 817 +/- 50 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. the characteristics of [(3)h](?)quinuclidinyl benzil ...198920504527
effect of phenol on oxygen consumption and bioaccumulation in different tissues of freshwater fish cyprinus carpio.the influence of phenol exposure history on the rates of phenol accumulation, elimination, and oxygen consumption was examined in the fresh water fish species cyprinus carpio. bioaccumulation and elimination of phenol from the kidney and biochemical parameters of liver gill and muscle were determined at intervals of 10, 20, and 30 days. a significant increase in phenol concentration was noted in all treated groups. the acute toxicity of phenol was 30.0 mg/l. changes were dose and duration depend ...201020506685
protective role of alpha-actinin-3 in the response to an acute eccentric exercise bout.the actn3 gene encodes for the alpha-actinin-3 protein, which has an important structural function in the z line of the sarcomere in fast muscle fibers. a premature stop codon (r577x) polymorphism in the actn3 gene causes a complete loss of the protein in xx homozygotes. this study investigates a possible role for the alpha-actinin-3 protein in protecting the fast fiber from eccentric damage and studies repair mechanisms after a single eccentric exercise bout. nineteen healthy young men (10 xx, ...201020507967
beta-cytoplasmic actin localization in vertebrate glomerular podocytes.the unique cytoarchitecture of glomerular podocytes is conserved in vertebrate evolution. actin filaments play a crucial role in the formation of the conserved cytoarchitecture, though several isoforms of cytoplasmic actin have been found in vertebrates. the present study examined the expression and subcellular distribution of the beta-cytoplasmic actin (beta-actin) isoform in the podocytes of six vertebrate species by means of immunohistochemical techniques to reveal whether the beta-actin isof ...200920513979
development of mhc class i and ii b primers in common carp and its molecular characterization.the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has an important role in immune response and is known as the most polymorphic locus in vertebrates. we developed three pairs of polymerase chain reaction primers of the alpha-2 domain (exon 3) of mhc class i and the beta-2 (exon 3) and beta-3 domains (exon 4) of mhc class ii b gene in the german mirror common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). we analyzed the three loci in a population of 65 individuals that had suffered the serious disease of gill rot. five to ...201020524055
importance of light in temporal organization of photoreceptor proteins and melatonin-producing system in the pineal of carp catla catla.the importance of light in the temporal organization of photoreceptor proteins and melatonin-producing system has been investigated for the first time in the pineal of a tropical fish. in this study, an identical experimental paradigm was followed during the four distinct phases of an annual cycle in adult carps (catla catla) maintained either under natural photoperiod (np) or continuous illumination (ll) or darkness (dd) for 30 days. at the end of each experiment, the pineal from fish in each e ...201020524796
neuronal regulation of photo-induced pineal photoreceptor proteins in carp catla catla.in the present in vitro study on the pineal in carp catla catla, specific agonist and antagonists of receptors for different neuronal signals and regulators of intra-cellular ca(++) and camp were used to gather basic information on the neuronal signal transduction cascade mechanisms in the photo-induced expression of rod-like opsin and alpha-transducin-like proteins in any fish pineal. western-blot analysis followed by quantitative analysis of respective immunoblot data for both the proteins rev ...201020524962
gpu computing with kaczmarz's and other iterative algorithms for linear systems.the graphics processing unit (gpu) is used to solve large linear systems derived from partial differential equations. the differential equations studied are strongly convection-dominated, of various sizes, and common to many fields, including computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and structural mechanics. the paper presents comparisons between gpu and cpu implementations of several well-known iterative methods, including kaczmarz's, cimmino's, component averaging, conjugate gradient norma ...201020526446
habitat selection by breeding waterbirds at ponds with size-structured fish populations.fish may significantly affect habitat use by birds, either as their prey or as competitors. fish communities are often distinctly size-structured, but the consequences for waterbird assemblages remain poorly understood. we examined the effects of size structure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) cohorts together with other biotic and abiotic pond characteristics on the distribution of breeding waterbirds in a seminatural system of monocultured ponds, where three fish age classes were separately st ...201020532472
effects of montmorillonite on alleviating dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in carp (carassius auratus).the present study was designed to investigate the effects of montmorillonite (mmt) on dietary cd-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney of carp (carassius auratus). one hundred eighty carp were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, cd-comtaminated basal diet (120 mg cd/kg dry weight) and cd-contaminated basal diet supplemented with 0.5% mmt, respectively. after 60 days, fish were sacrificed to measure malondialdehyde (mda) con ...201120532670
analysis of 5s rdna organization and variation in polyploid hybrids from crosses of different fish subfamilies.in this article, sequence analysis of the coding region (5s) and adjacent nontranscribed spacer (nts) were conducted in red crucian carp (rcc), blunt snout bream (bsb), and their polyploid offspring. three monomeric 5s rdna classes (designated class i: 203 bp; class ii: 340 bp; and class iii: 477 bp) of rcc were characterized by distinct nts types (designated nts-i, ii, and iii for the 83, 220, and 357 bp monomers, respectively). in bsb, only one monomeric 5s rdna was observed (designated class ...201020535772
effects of the microcystin profile of a cyanobacterial bloom on growth and toxin accumulation in common carp cyprinus carpio larvae.a 12 day growth trial was conducted to compare the effect of the variation in microcystins (mc) composition of two bloom samples of microcystis aeruginosa on the growth performance and microcystin accumulation in common carp cyprinus carpio larvae. two m. aeruginosa natural bloom samples with different mc profiles were collected and larvae were exposed to cyanobacterial cells through their diet. three diets, a basal control diet and two diets prepared from the basal diet plus the same toxins con ...201020537022
sinoatrial tissue of crucian carp heart has only negative contractile responses to autonomic agonists.in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius) cardiac activity varies according to the seasons. to clarify the role of autonomic nervous control in modulation of cardiac activity, responses of atrial contraction and heart rate (hr) to carbacholine (cch) and isoprenaline (iso) were determined in fish acclimatized to winter (4 degrees c, cold-acclimated, ca) and summer (18 degrees c, warm-acclimated, wa) temperatures.201020540719
the effect of plant protein-based diet supplemented with dipeptide or free amino acids on digestive tract morphology and pept1 and pept2 expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).common carp (cyprinus carpio) of average body mass 0.07+/-0.02 g were fed three formulated diets: wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with lys-gly dipeptide (pp), wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with free lysine and glycine (aa), and a wheat gluten protein-based control diet without lysine supplementation (con), frozen zooplankton (z) (restricted diet), and a commercial starter food aglo norse (an). after 4 weeks of experimental feeding, fish fed an diet showed the highest ...201020542130
detection of mutagens and bapmo inducers in river water using the blue cotton adsorption technique.induction of mixed function oxidase (mfo) activity and bioactivation potential were measured in experimental carp and in native fish species from two rivers with different pollution level (sava and mrežnica). the experimental carp were intraperitoneally exposed to various water volume equivalents of blue cotton extracts from both rivers. the induction of mfo measured as a benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase (bapmo) activity was increased up to 9.3-fold in experimental carp and up to 11.3-fold in native ...201220549646
effects of selenium diets on growth, accumulation and antioxidant response in juvenile carp.an 8-week feeding trial was undertaken with cyprinus carpio to determine the effects of two commercial se diets (hse 1.0 mg kg⁻¹ and lse 0.25 mg kg⁻¹) on growth, accumulation and antioxidant response in juveniles at time 0, 30 and 60 days. hse carp had higher mean weight (w) values than lse group at 60 days and the fulton condition factor (k) indicated good fish health for both diet groups. among the investigated hse tissues, kidney and liver were mainly involved in se accumulation, whereas the ...201120554323
coping strategies in a strongly schooling fish, the common carp cyprinus carpio.individual common carp cyprinus carpio were screened repeatedly for risk taking (rate of exploration of a novel, potentially dangerous environment) and for competitive ability (success in gaining access to a spatially restricted food source). marked differences in behaviour were evident, and significant consistency in individual responses across trials was found for both risk taking and competitive ability. in addition, there was a significant positive relationship between individual performance ...201020557617
important variations in parvalbumin content in common fish species: a factor possibly contributing to variable allergenicity.although 95% of fish-allergic patients are sensitized to the major fish allergen parvalbumin, clinical reactions to different fish species vary considerably in symptoms, intensity and frequency in allergic subjects. this study aimed at the quantification of parvalbumin levels in salmon, trout, cod, carp, mackerel, herring, redfish and tuna.201020559001
assessing the impact of climate change on disease emergence in freshwater fish in the united kingdom.a risk framework has been developed to examine the influence of climate change on disease emergence in the united kingdom. the fish immune response and the replication of pathogens are often correlated with water temperature, which manifest as temperature ranges for infection and clinical diseases. these data are reviewed for the major endemic and exotic disease threats to freshwater fish. increasing water temperatures will shift the balance in favour of either the host or pathogen, changing the ...201020561287
uncoupling of bait-protein expression from the prey protein environment adds versatility for cell and tissue interaction proteomics and reveals a complex of carp-1 and the pka cbeta1 subunit.an expression-uncoupled tandem affinity purification assay is introduced which differs from the standard tap assay by uncoupling the expression of the tap-bait protein from the target cells. here, the tap-tagged bait protein is expressed in escherichia coli and purified. the two concatenated purification steps of the classical tap are performed after addition of the purified bait to brain tissue homogenates, cell and nuclear extracts. without prior genetic manipulation of the target, upscaling, ...201020564261
hypoxia tolerance in animals: biology and application.many invertebrates and ectothermic vertebrates successfully cope with a fluctuating supply of ambient oxygen-and consequently, a highly variable tissue oxygenation-through increasing their antioxidant barriers. during chronic deprivation of oxygen, however, the hypometabolic defense mode of the fruit fly drosophila, the hypoxia-induced behavioral hypothermia of the crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus, and the production of ethanol during anoxia by the crucian carp carassius carassius all indicate ...201620565233
analysis of gene expression changes associated with long-lasting synaptic enhancement in hippocampal slice cultures after repetitive exposures to glutamate.we have previously shown that repetitive exposures to glutamate (100 mum, 3 min, three times at 24-hr intervals) induced a long-lasting synaptic enhancement accompanied by synaptogenesis in rat hippocampal slice cultures, a phenomenon termed rise (for repetitive ltp-induced synaptic enhancement). to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying rise, we first analyzed the time course of gene expression changes between 4 hr and 12 days after repetitive stimulation using an original oligonucleot ...201020568283
ice-age endurance: the effects of cryopreservation on proteins of sperm of common carp, cyprinus carpio l.damage to spermatozoa during cryopreservation is regarded as a major obstacle to the expansion of sperm storage technology. the authors used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to explore whether the protein profile of common carp (cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa is affected by cryopreservation. fourteen protein spots were significantly altered following cryopreservation. eleven of these were identifie ...201020570330
estrogenic effects, reproductive impairment and developmental toxicity in ovoviparous swordtail fish (xiphophorus helleri) exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos).due to the wide distribution and persistence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos), an increasing number of studies are focusing on the toxicological effects of pfos exposure in mammalian and fish model species. the results of these studies (on estrogenic activity, development and reproduction, etc.), however, are largely inconsistent owing to differences in exposure conditions (exposure time, concentrations, species and test methods, etc.). oviparous fish species such as zebrafish and common carp ...201020570370
trophodynamics of hexabromocyclododecanes and several other non-pbde brominated flame retardants in a freshwater food web.several currently used non-polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) brominated flame retardants (bfrs), including hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (btbpe), decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe), hexabromobenzene (hbb), pentabromoethylbenzene (pbeb), and pentabromotoluene (pbt), are examined in the components of a freshwater food web from an electronic waste recycling site, south china. all these bfrs are detectable in the food web, with average concentrations of 13.9- ...201020575536
molecular identification of larval trematode in intermediate hosts from chiang mai, thailand.snail and fish intermediate hosts were collected from rice fields in 3 districts; mueang, mae taeng and mae rim of chiang mai province during april-july 2008. for identification of larval trematode infection, standard (cracked for snail and enzymatically digested for fish) and molecular methods were performed. the results showed that three types of cercariae were found, pleurolophocercus, cotylocercous, and echinostome among 4 species of snail with a prevalence of 29, 23 and 3% respectively. mel ...200920578455
color encoded microbeads-based flow cytometric immunoassay for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food.food contamination caused by chemical hazards such as persistent organic pollutants (pops) is a worldwide public health concern and requires continuous monitoring. the chromatography-based analysis methods for pops are accurate and quite sensitive but they are time-consuming, laborious and expensive. thus, there is a need for validated simplified screening tools, which are inexpensive, rapid, have automation potential and can detect multiple pops simultaneously. in this study we developed a flow ...201020579482
statistical evaluation of fatty acid profile and cholesterol content in fish (common carp) lipids obtained by different sample preparation procedures.studies performed on lipid extraction from animal and fish tissues do not provide information on its influence on fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids as well as on cholesterol content. data presented in this paper indicate the impact of extraction procedures on fatty acid profile of fish lipids extracted by the modified soxhlet and ase (accelerated solvent extraction) procedure. cholesterol was also determined by direct saponification method, too. student's paired t-test used for comp ...201020579492
effect of withania somnifera (l. dunal) root as a feed additive on immunological parameters and disease resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita (hamilton) fingerlings.the present study evaluated the efficacy of dietary doses of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root powder on immunological parameters and disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen aeromonas hydrophila infections in indian major carp, labeo rohita fingerlings. fishes were fed with dry diet containing 0 gkg(-1) (control), 1 gkg(-1) (t(1)), 2 gkg(-1) (t(2)) and 3 gkg(-1) (t(3)) w. somnifera root powder for 42 days. immunological (nbt level, phagocytic activity, total immunoglobulin and lyso ...201020580830
socializing makes thick-skinned individuals: on the density of epidermal alarm substance cells in cyprinid fish, the crucian carp (carassius carassius).in cyprinid fish, density of epidermal club cells (i.e. alarm substance cells) has been found to vary between lakes with different predator fauna. because predators can be labelled with chemical cues from prey, we questioned if club cell density could be controlled indirectly by predators releasing prey cues. in particular, we suspected a possible feedback mechanism between chemical alarm signals and their cellular source. we raised crucian carp singly and in groups of four. for both rearing typ ...201020582591
[effect of insulin on some characteristics of the food-procuring activity of the crucian carp carassius carassius]. 201120583586
[polymorphism of microsatellite markers in breeds of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) of russian breeding].using five microsatellite loci, genotyping and genetic diversity estimates were obtained for nine samples representing seven common carp breeds most widespread in russia. for comparison, the samples of amur wild common carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and a sample of european hungarian common carp were used. in the samples examined (n = 148) a total of 78 alleles were revealed. the highest mean allele number per locus (4.3) was identified in amur wild common carp, while the lowest number was ...201020583601
a novel mechanism of cell growth regulation by cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1.abstract:201020594350
distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes.distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. this study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. the formations of th ...201020596907
[investigations on ligula intestinalis plerocercoid l., 1758 infection of some fishes from dam lake kunduzlar (kirka, eskişehir).].in this study, the presence of ligula intestinalis plerocercoid in some fish species (cyprinus carpio, carassius gibelio, barbus plebejus, capoeta tinca, chondrostoma nasus, leuciscus cephalus, alburnus escherichii) from the kunduzlar dam, turkey was investigated between august 2008 and may 2009. by the end of the study, ligula intestinalis plerocercoid haqs been identified in the body cavity of 3 host fishes [chondrostoma nasus (1.1%, 5.0+/-0), leuciscus cephalus (12.1%, 1.5+/-0,6), and alburnu ...201020597057
a novel role for cardiac ankyrin repeat protein ankrd1/carp as a co-activator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein.the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (marp) family member ankrd1/carp is a part of the titin-mechanosensory signaling complex in the sarcomere and in response to stretch it translocates to the nucleus where it participates in the regulation of cardiac genes as a transcriptional co-repressor. several studies have focused on its structural role in muscle, but its regulatory role is still poorly understood. to gain more insight into the regulatory function of ankrd1/carp we searched for transcription ...201020599664
common carp have two subclasses of bonyfish specific antibody igz showing differential expression in response to infection.immunoglobulin heavy chains identified in bony fish are broadly classified into three classes namely igm, igd and igz. the most recently described isotype is igz, a teleosts-fish specific isotype that shows variations in gene structure across teleosts. in this study we have identified two igz subclasses in common carp. igz1 is a four constant heavy chain domains containing antibody isolated across teleosts and igz2 is a two constant domains containing heavy chain chimera with a μ1 and ζ4 domain. ...201020600275
identification of parvalbumin-like protein as a major protein of common carp (cyprinus carpio l) spermatozoa which appears during final stage of spermatogenesis.parvalbumin is well known as the major fish allergen that is typically present in high amounts in muscles, where it functions in calcium buffering and is involved in the relaxation process in fast-twitch muscles. we show in our current study that parvalbumin-like protein is present in high amounts in carp spermatozoa. it is the first report to demonstrate the presence of parvalbumin-like protein in fish spermatozoa. using antibodies produced against purified carp parvalbumin-like protein, we loc ...201020601062
preoperative coronary artery revascularization and long-term outcomes following abdominal aortic vascular surgery in patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion scans: a subgroup analysis of the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis trial.abdominal aortic operations have the highest perioperative cardiac risk. to test the impact of preoperative coronary artery revascularization (pr) in this high-risk subset, a post hoc analysis was performed in patients undergoing aortic surgery within the coronary artery revascularization prophylaxis (carp) trial.201120602474
indirect ultrasonication for protein quantification and peptide mass mapping through mass spectrometry-based techniques.we report in this work a fast protocol for protein quantification and for peptide mass mapping that rely on (18)o isotopic labeling through the decoupling procedure. it is demonstrated that the purity and source of trypsin do not compromise the labeling degree and efficiency of the decoupled labeling reaction, and that the ph of the labeling reaction is a critical factor to obtain a significant (18)o double labeling. we also show that the same calibration curve can be used for maldi protein quan ...201020602940
histological and ultrastructural study of zona radiata in oocyte of common carp cyprinus carpio (linnaeus 1758).oocytes and fertilized eggs of teleosts are enclosed by a non-cellular envelope, the zona radiata (zr). it has structural differences in various ecological and systematic groups of fish. ultrastructural analysis has shown that zr is formed during the previtellogenic stages. morphological characteristics of zr suggest various functional and ecological importance that are exhibited during oocyte development and adaptations to the released oocytes. in this research work, the structure of zr in oocy ...201020605473
pcb and pbde levels in wild common carp (cyprinus carpio) from eastern lake erie.male common carp (cyprinus carpio) from eastern lake erie, which is greatly effected by urbanization, agriculture, and industry, were analyzed for pcb and pbde concentrations in plasma, muscle, and liver to evaluate exposure to these chemicals through habitat interactions. additional male carp from two nearby relatively clean lakes (bear lake and hemlock lake, ny) were also sampled as controls. while pcbs were detected in muscle, liver, and plasma of lake erie carp, the largest concentrations we ...201020609460
characterization of c1q in teleosts: insight into the molecular and functional evolution of c1q family and classical pathway.c1qs are key components of the classical complement pathway. they have been well documented in human and mammals, but little is known about their molecular and functional characteristics in fish. in the present study, full-length cdnas of c1qa, c1qb, and c1qc from zebrafish (danio rerio) were cloned, revealing the conservation of their chromosomal synteny and organization between zebrafish and other species. for functional analysis, the globular heads of c1qa (gha), c1qb (ghb), and c1qc (ghc) we ...201020615881
functional analysis of carp interferon-gamma: evolutionary conservation of classical phagocyte activation.in teleost fish two ifn-gamma gene sequences were found for which two phylogenetic clusters can be distinguished. our previous analysis of expression of these in carp led us to hypothesize that a classical ifn-gamma function is associated with the ifn-gamma2 cluster. we investigated the evolutionary conservation of the ifn-gamma function, inducing classical activation of phagocytes, thus skewing towards a th1-like profile of immune activation. recombinant proteins for the carp ifn-gamma sequence ...201020633651
larger inhibition of visual pigment kinase in cones than in rods.in the carp retina, visual pigment kinase, grk1 (g-protein coupled receptor kinase 1) in rods and grk7 in cones, is inhibited by a photoreceptor neuronal ca(2+)-sensor protein, s-modulin (or recoverin) in rods and visinin (formerly named s26) in cones. here, we compared ca(2+)-dependent inhibition of grk1 by s-modulin and that of grk7 by visinin. first, the concentrations of s-modulin and visinin in the outer segment were estimated: the concentration of visinin (1.2 mm) was 20 times higher than ...201020649847
germline cysts and the formation of the germinal epithelium during the female gonadal morphogenesis in cyprinus carpio (teleostei: ostariophysi: cypriniformes).the formation of both germline cysts and the germinal epithelium is described during the ovary development in cyprinus carpio. as in the undifferentiated gonad of mammals, cords of pgcs become oogonia when they are surrounded by somatic cells. ovarian differentiation is triggered when oogonia proliferate and enter meiosis, becoming oocytes. proliferation of single oogonium results in clusters of interconnected oocytes, the germline cysts, that are encompassed by somatic prefollicle cells and for ...201020652938
toxicological effects of arsenate exposure on hematological, biochemical and liver transaminases activity in an indian major carp, catla catla.the impact of acute and sublethal toxicity of arsenate on hematological, biochemical and enzymological parameters of an indian major carp catla catla were estimated. the median lethal concentration of sodium arsenate to the fish catla catla for 96h was found to be 43.78 mg/l. during acute treatment (43.78 mg/l), hemoglobin (hb), hematocrit (ht), red blood cell count (rbc), white blood cell count (wbc), plasma glucose, plasma protein, liver aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (ast and alt) lev ...201020654677
low levels of cadmium exposure induce dna damage and oxidative stress in the liver of oujiang colored common carp cyprinus carpio var. color.cadmium (cd) compounds are widely distributed toxic environmental and industrial pollutants, and they may bring danger to growth and development of aquatic organisms. in china, the oujiang color common carp, cyprinus carpio var. color, is a very important fish, from an economic point of view, and is well used for fish culture in paddy fields. the purpose of this study was to show the low concentrations of cadmium-induced oxidative stress response and dna damage in the livers of cyprinus carpio v ...201120658319
over-expression of the dclk gene transcript carp decreases ca3/ca1 network excitability.products of the doublecortin like kinase (dclk) gene are implicated in cortical migration and hippocampal maturation during embryogenesis. however, one of its splice variants, called camk related peptide (carp), is expressed during adulthood in response to neurological stimuli, such as kainic acid-induced seizures and bdnf-ltp. the function of this transcript of the dclk gene is poorly understood. to elucidate its function during adulthood we have created transgenic mice with over-expression of ...201020659433
contribution of fecal egestion to the whole body elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls by japanese koi (cyprinus carpio).this research investigated dose-dependent whole body and fecal elimination of 39 polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners spanning a range of chemical hydrophobicities (log kow) by the japanese koi (cyprinus carpio). both whole body (ktot) and fecal (keg) pcb congener elimination rate coefficients were negatively correlated with log kow and observed to be dose independent. pcb congener ktot values determined for koi were representative of those generated for fish species of similar size and rear ...201020666556
a multivariate comparison of the stress response in three salmonid and three cyprinid species: evidence for inter-family differences.the response of six species of freshwater fishes, from the families cyprinidae (common carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus and chub leuciscus cephalus) and salmonidae (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta and arctic charr salvelinus alpinus), to a standardized stressor was evaluated. a 6 h period of confinement resulted in changes to plasma cortisol, glucose, amino acid and lactate levels compared with unconfined controls. there were significant differences in the ...201020666900
regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by gonadotropin in common carp cyprinus carpio: interaction between calcium- and adenylate cyclase-dependent pathways and involvement of erk signaling cascade.multiple signal transduction pathways mediating gonadotropin-induced testosterone and 17β-estradiol (e(2)) production were identified in carp ovarian theca and granulosa cells in short-term co-incubation. inhibitors of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (vsccs) and calmodulin attenuated human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg)-induced steroid production, whereas modulators of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase a (pka) increased their production, indicating that both calcium- and pka-dependent pathwa ...201020668068
evaluating the impacts of osmotic and oxidative stress on common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) sperm caused by cryopreservation techniques.cryopreservation causes osmotic changes and oxidative damage that have sublethal and lethal effects on spermatozoa. we examined these osmotic and oxidative effects on common carp spermatozoa motility; membrane integrity; levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance (tbars) and carbonyl groups (cp); and the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (gpx). sperm was diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and ethylene glycol-based extenders, followe ...201020668258
hypertrophy, gene expression, and beating of neonatal cardiac myocytes are affected by microdomain heterogeneity in 3d.cardiac myocytes are known to be influenced by the rigidity and topography of their physical microenvironment. it was hypothesized that 3d heterogeneity introduced by purely physical microdomains regulates cardiac myocyte size and contraction. this was tested in vitro using polymeric microstructures (g' = 1.66 gpa) suspended with random orientation in 3d by a soft matrigel matrix (g' = 22.9 pa). after 10 days of culture, the presence of 100 μm-long microstructures in 3d gels induced fold increas ...201020668947
macroh2a subtypes contribute antagonistically to the transcriptional regulation of the ribosomal cistron during seasonal acclimatization of the carp fish.incorporation of histone variants into chromatin is one of the epigenetic mechanisms used for regulation of gene expression. macro (m)h2a is a histone variant that has two different subtypes in vertebrates: mh2a1 and mh2a2. it is known that mh2a is associated with gene silencing, but recent studies indicate that these mh2a subtypes could contribute more widely to transcriptional regulation. we have previously demonstrated that the gene-reprogramming response mediates adaptation of the carp fish ...201020670405
[phylogenetic relationships among cobitoidea based on mitochondrial nd4 and nd5 gene sequences].in the present study, we cloned and sequenced 10 new nd4 and nd5 gene sequences of cobitoidea. these sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships together with those of 15 other species downloaded from genbank. the results showed that the length of nd4 gene sequence was 1 380-1 387 bp with atg as starting codon and incomplete termination signal as terminated codon; the length of nd5 gene sequence was 1 821-1 839 bp with atg as starting codon and taa or tag as terminated codon; t ...201020672409
evaluation of isoeugenol for anesthesia in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).to evaluate isoeugenol as an anesthetic agent in koi carp.201020673083
interspecies correlations of toxicity to eight aquatic organisms: theoretical considerations.interspecies correlations allow the prediction of toxicity to a number of other species. however, little attention has been paid to the theoretical considerations of the interspecies relationship based on the differences of bio-uptake and toxic mechanism between species. this study examines the interspecies correlations of toxicity between species of vibrio fischeri, river bacteria, algae, daphnia magna, carp, tetrahymena pyriformis, fathead minnow and guppy based on the theoretical background. ...201020673582
impacts of manipulated regime shifts in shallow lake model ecosystems on the fate of hydrophobic organic compounds.regime shifts in shallow lakes may significantly affect partitioning of sediment-bound hydrophobic organic chemicals (hocs) such as polychlorobiphenyls (pcb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah). in replicated experimental model ecosystems mimicking the alternative stable states 'macrophyte-dominated' and 'suspended solid - phytoplankton dominated', we tested the effects of macrophytes and benthivorous fish presence on mass distribution and bioaccumulation of hexachlorobenzene, pcbs and pa ...201020673943
fibular dimelia and mirror polydactyly of the foot in a girl presenting additional features of the vacterl association.the association between fibular dimelia and mirror polydactyly of the foot is considered to be a very rare lower-limb abnormality. on the other hand, vacterl is an acronym for a nonrandom association of congenital anomalies for which the etiology is still poorly understood.201020676578
diagnostic techniques and treatments for internal disorders of koi (cyprinus carpio).the most common problems that occur in koi involve external pathogens and environmental conditions. techniques for external fish examination and water quality analysis have been well described in the veterinary literature. however, there are also some internal disorders of koi, such as gas bladder abnormalities affecting the fish's buoyancy, neoplasia, egg binding (roe retention), and spinal disorders that can be diagnosed with common veterinary medical procedures. diagnostic techniques along wi ...201020682423
percoll gradient separation of cryopreserved common carp spermatozoa to obtain a fraction with higher motility, velocity and membrane integrity.we attempted to select a fraction of common carp, cyprinus carpio spermatozoa that best survived a conventional freeze/thaw procedure, by centrifugation of frozen/thawed sperm through a percoll gradient (45% and 90%). the proportion of motile spermatozoa (65.81 ± 5.19%), their velocity (77.58 ± 31.07 μm/sec), and membrane integrity (83.66 ± 4.38% intact) were significantly higher in separated sperm than in whole samples (motility 23.36 ± 2.98%, velocity 55.55 ± 19.03 μm/sec, and membrane integri ...201020688378
experimental xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).the potential anesthetic effect of ketamine in combination with xylazine was examined in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). anesthesia (indicated by cessation of voluntary swimming and loss of responses to pinching the skin with forceps and pricking the tail with a needle) was induced by mixing 14.4 ml of ketamine (5% solution), or 11.4 ml of xylazine (2% solution), or both, in 10 l of water containing 10 fish/group. xylazine alone induced sedation and anesthesia in 5-12.3 min with a mean durati ...201020688657
mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in asian market fish: a response to results from mercury biomonitoring in new york city.in 2004, the new york city (nyc) health and nutrition examination survey measured the highest blood mercury levels in asian and foreign-born chinese demographic groups. fish consumption was the strongest predictor of exposure. the survey did not inquire about consumption of individual species, and subsequent visits to fish markets serving the asian community suggested that many popular species lack contaminant data. our objective was to supplement existing information on contaminants in commerci ...201020691969
detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 dna in lake plankton.the disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) severely impacts the natural freshwater ecosystem and damages carp and koi farming, however, the pathway of cyhv-3 transmission remains unclear. it is possible that the virus adheres to plankton, which then facilitate viral movement and transmission, and therefore, it is hypothesised that plankton are involved in the disease dynamics. in this study, plankton were collected at eight sites in the iba-naiko lagoon; we detected and quantified cyh ...201120692005
vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) overexpression increases hypoxia tolerance in zebrafish (danio rerio).aquaculture farming may benefit from genetically engineering fish to tolerate environmental stress. here, we used the vector pcvcg expressing the vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) gene driven by the common carp β-actin promoter to create stable transgenic zebrafish. the survival rate of the 7-day-old f(2) transgenic fish was significantly greater than that of the sibling controls under 2.5% o(2) (dissolved oxygen (do), 0.91 mg/l). meanwhile, we investigated the relative expression levels of several ...201120694827
alterations in mrna expression of acetylcholinesterase in brain and muscle of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.the uses of pesticides and herbicides have become an integral part of modern agricultural systems. the intensive use of pesticides chlorpyrifos (cpf) and herbicides atrazine (atr) has resulted in serious environmental problems. herein, we have developed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) mrna. the levels of ache mrna were evaluated in brain and muscle collected from common carp by treatment of atr, cpf, and their mixture. the decreased tr ...201020696475
hbcd stereoisomer pattern in mirror carps following dietary exposure to pure gamma-hbcd enantiomers.1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) is a brominated flame retardant consisting of a mixture of diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers that is a known omnipresent, environmental contaminant. the present study investigated the possibility of bioisomerization of hbcd stereoisomers. therefore, mirror carps (cyprinus carpio morpha noblis) were exposed to pure (+)- and (-)-gamma-hbcd, randomly sampled biweekly over a period of three and a half months and the fillets were subjected to enantiomer-sp ...201020698553
speciation of polyploid cyprinidae fish of common carp, crucian carp, and silver crucian carp derived from duplicated hox genes.recent studies on comparative genomics have suggested that a round of fish-specific whole genome duplication (3r) in ray-finned fishes might have occurred around 226-316 mya. additional genome duplication, specifically in cyprinids, may have occurred more recently after the divergence of the teleosts. the timing of this event, however, is unknown. to address this question, we sequenced four hox genes from taxa representing the polyploid cyprinidae fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio, 2n=100), cru ...201020700889
a unique feature of toll/il-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein is partially responsible for lipopolysaccharide insensitivity in zebrafish with a highly conserved function of myd88.myd88 and toll/il-1r domain-containing adaptor protein (tirap) are required for the tlr4 response to lps stimulation in mammals, but the functions of the two adaptors and their involvement in zebrafish insensitivity to lps remains unknown. we present a functional analysis of zebrafish myd88 and tirap and suggest that myd88 is more important than tirap for the activation of tlr-mediated nf-kappab, which may be a novel mechanism of myd88-dependent tlr signaling in teleosts. zebrafish tirap lacks t ...201020702732
tailfin clipping, a painful procedure: studies on nile tilapia and common carp.the fish welfare debate is intensifying. consequently, more research is carried out to further our knowledge on fish welfare in aquaculture. we define here a series of key parameters to substantiate an acute response to a supposedly painful stimulus: a standardized tailfin clip. ultrastructural analysis of common carp (cyprinus carpio) tailfin indicates the presence of a-δ and c-type axons, which are typical for transmitting nociceptive signals in (higher) vertebrates. in nile tilapia (oreochrom ...201020705079
cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptor-7 cdna from common carp, cyprinus carpio l.the toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) is activated by single strand rna and rna-like compounds (imidazoquinoline), and it induces interferon production. we identified and described carp tlr7 cdna and its mrna expression. the full-length cdna of carp tlr7 gene is 3427 bp, encoding 1049 amino acids (ab553573). the similarities of carp tlr7 with zebrafish, rainbow trout, fugu, and human tlr7 were 89.6, 83.4, 80.6 and 74.6%, respectively, at the amino acid sequence level. furthermore, the expression of tl ...201020709611
efficacy of allicin in decreasing lead (pb) accumulation in selected tissues of lead-exposed common carp (cyprinus carpio).the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of allicin, the main biologically active component of garlic clove extracts, on lead levels in different common carp tissues including liver, kidney, brain, bone, and blood following experimental lead poisoning. fish were divided randomly into five groups depending on the combination of lead acetate and allicin treatments. lead acetate exposure (7.0 mgl(-1), 10 days) caused a significant increase in mean pb concentrations in all examined ti ...201120711682
assessing the combination effects of environmental estrogens in fish.the method on combined effects of environmental estrogens and mixture environmental risk assessment was discussed. batch tests were conducted to assess the in vivo potency of mixtures of estrogens using plasma vitellogenin concentrations in male crucian carp (carassius carassius) as the endpoint. a nonlinear regression was determined on the concentration response relationship for the single chemical of 17β-estradiol (e(2)), 17α-ethynylestradiol (ee(2)), 4-tert-octylphenol (op), bisphenol a (bpa) ...201020711811
development and evaluation of a sensitive and quantitative assay for hirame rhabdovirus based on quantitative rt-pcr.the aim of the present work was to develop a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay using a taqman probe to detect and quantify hirame rhabdovirus (hrv). the results demonstrated that the assay had a detection limit of 100 copies of rna per reaction and a log-linear range up to 10(8) copies of hrv rna. regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation with an r(2) value of 0.9963 and a slope of -3.18 between the mean c(t) values and hrv crna. this a ...201020723563
transmission of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) from goldfish to naïve common carp by cohabitation.cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (cyhv-3) has spread worldwide and has had a major impact on koi and common carp production. previous studies on the host range of the cyhv-3 found that fish species other than koi and common carp are fully resistant to natural virus exposure. recently, cyhv-3 was detected in goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) that were in contact with cyhv-3 infected koi. in the present study, a specific rt-pcr product was amplified from the viral thymidine kinase gene in gills, intestin ...201120723951
effects of crude oil and oil fractions on the liver p450-dependent monooxygenase activities and antioxidant defence system of different freshwater fish species.the effects of crude oil (szeged-algyo, hungary) and oil fractions (f1: rich in aromatics; f2 fraction: free from aromatics) were investigated on liver cyp1a isoenzymes and antioxidant defence system following their i.p. injection into different freshwater fish species: carp (cyprinus carpio l.), silver carp (hyphothalmichtys molitrix v.), and european eel (anquilla anquilla). a dose of 2 ml kg -1 crude oil enhanced erod activity 8-fold in carp and only 5-fold in eel after 3 days. oil fraction f ...201020724273
development and characterization of three new diploid cell lines from labeo rohita (ham.).development of cell lines from fish for identifying the pathogenesis of viral diseases and for vaccine production against viral and bacterial diseases is imperative where they are of commercial importance. three new diploid fish cell lines (rf, rh, and rsb) were developed from fin, heart, and swim bladder of an indian major carp, labeo rohita, commonly called rohu. all the cell lines were optimally maintained at 28 degrees c in leibovitz-15 medium supplemented with 10% fbs. the propagation of rh ...201020730759
reduced swimming abilities in fast-growing transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio associated with their morphological variations.critical swimming speeds (u(crit)) and morphological characters were compared between the f(4) generation of gh-transgenic common carp cyprinus carpio and the non-transgenic controls. transgenic fish displayed a mean absolute u(crit) value 22.3% lower than the controls. principal component analysis identified variations in body shape, with transgenic fish having significantly deeper head, longer caudal length of the dorsal region, longer standard length (l(s)) and shallower body and caudal regio ...200920735532
effects of food type on diel behaviours of common carp cyprinus carpio in simulated aquaculture pond conditions.in order to better understand behaviour patterns of common carp cyprinus carpio in aquaculture ponds, their diel grazing, swimming, resting and schooling behaviours were observed in six 1 m(2) tanks under simulated pond conditions. each tank was fertilized to stimulate natural food production before starting experiments, and then stocked with three c. carpio. fish behaviours were compared among three treatments: (1) tanks with plankton only, (2) tanks with plankton and benthic macroinvertebrates ...200920735552
the effect of cash lottery on response rates to an online health survey among members of the canadian association of retired persons: a randomized experiment.the objectives of the study were 1) to assess the effect of cash lottery on participation rates in a web-based study of physical activity and joint health and 2) to compare recruitment via direct e-mail versus advertisement in an online newsletter.201620737820
population genetics and management units of invasive common carp cyprinus carpio in the murray-darling basin, australia.common carp cyprinus carpio were introduced into australia on several occasions and are now the dominant fish in the murray-darling basin (mdb), the continent's largest river system. in this study, variability at 14 microsatellite loci was examined in c. carpio (n = 1037) from 34 sites throughout the major rivers in the mdb, from 3 cultured populations, from prospect reservoir in the sydney basin and from lake sorrell in tasmania. consistent with previous studies, assignment testing indicated th ...200920738540
swimming in four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes: understanding functional design and performance employing artificially selected forms.four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement of paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet ('common like' but with a long, deeply forked caudal fin), fantail (short, deep body with twinned caudal and anal fins) and eggfish (similar to the fantail but lacking a dorsal fin) were compared. drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast-start performance, stability in yaw and roll and propulsive muscle ultrastructural char ...200920738559
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