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genomic in situ hybridization to identify alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in wheat.genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify alien chromatin in chromosome spreads of wheat, triticum aestivum l., lines incorporating chromosomes from leymus multicaulis (kar. and kir.) tzvelev and thinopyrum bessarabicum (savul. and rayss) löve, and chromosome arms from hordeum chilense roem. and schult, h. vulgare l. and secale cereale l. total genomic dna from the introgressed alien species was used as a probe, together with excess amounts of unlabelled blocking dna from wheat, for dna ...199224201474
c-banding and in-situ hybridization analyses of agropyron intermedium, a partial wheat x ag. intermedium amphiploid, and six derived chromosome addition lines.c-banded karyotypes of agropyron intermedium (2n=6x=42, e1e2x), a partial amphiploid triticum aestivum -ag. intermedium (2n=8x=56, taf46), and six derived chromosome addition lines, were analyzed. in ag. intermedium, diagnostic c-bands were present on 14 pairs of chromosomes, designated from a to n, while the remaining seven pairs, designated o to u, either lacked, or had only faint, c-bands and were not always identified unambiguously. all seven ag. intermedium chromosome pairs of the partial a ...199224201492
calcium-dependent induction of novel proteins by abscisic acid in wheat aleurone tissue of different developmental stages.aleurone tissue of mature wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. sappo) grains make novel polypeptides in response to abscisic acid (aba), but only in the presence of ca(2+). effects of aba plus ca(2+) include up- and down-modulation of other polypeptides. the aba-induced polypeptides appear not to be the 21-kilodalton (kda) amylase inhibitor which has been reported to be aba-inducible in barley.aleurone tissue from developing grains of different ages failed to respond to aba plus ca(2+) in any way. en ...198924201514
action spectrum for the effect of day-extensions on flowering and apex elongation in green, light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fluence-rate response curves for wavelengths from 640 nm to 730 nm were constructed for the day-extension promotion of flowering in green, light-grown, wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. alexandria), a long-day plant. the resultant action spectrum had action maxima at 660 nm and 716 nm and resembles spectra for the high-irradiance reaction (hir) seen in etiolated plants. because, the hir is thought to be controlled by type i pytochrome (that which is most abundant in etiolated tissue) our results ...198924201765
molecular characterization of the diurnal/circadian expression of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in leaves of tomato and other dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species.diurnal oscillations of steady-state mrna levels encoding the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were monitored inlycopersicon esculentum, glycine max, phaseolus vulgaris, p. aureus, p. coccineus, pisum sativum, sinapis alba, hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum andzea mays. in these plant speciescab mrna accumulation increases and decreases periodically indicating i) that the expression of the genes for chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (cab genes) is controlled by a circadian rhythm, and ii) that t ...198924201838
subcellular localization of the sites of conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid into ethylene in plant cells.the subcellular localization of the sites of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) conversion into ethylene was studied by comparing the specific radioactivity of ethylene evolved from the whole cells with that of intra- and extracellular pools of labelled acc. we demonstrate that some cells cultured in vitro (vitis vinifera l. cv. muscat) or leaf tissues (hordeum vulgare l. and triticum aestivum l.) have two sites of ethylene production: (i) an external site, converting apoplastic acc, lo ...199024201941
cryopreservation of immature spring wheat zygotic embryos using an abscisic acid pretreatment.spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) zygotic embryos were successfully cryopreserved, without the addition of exogenous cryoprotectants, using only an abscisic acid (aba) pretreatment. optimum survival was obtained when embryos were cultured in vitro for 10 days on semisolid murashige and skoog (ms) nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l (±) aba prior to cryopreservation. the embryos resumed growth within three days when returned to ms medium devoid of aba but containing 2mg/l 2,4-dichlorophe ...199324202075
abscisic acid enhances the transcription of wheat-germ agglutinin mrna without altering its tissue-specific expression.we used rna gel-blot analysis, in-situ hybridization, and nuclear run-on transcription to examine the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (aba) on the spatial distribution of mrna for the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. marshall) embryos and seedlings. when analyzed by rna gel blots, both developing embryos and seedlings exhibited higher steady-state levels of wga mrna after aba treatment. as determined by in-situ hybridization, incubation of devel ...199024202100
partial characterization of the trait for enhanced k(+)-na (+) discrimination in the d genome of wheat.the long arm of chromosome 4d of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contains a gene (or genes) which influences the ability of wheat plants to discriminate between na(+) and k(+). this discrimination most obviously affects transport from the roots to the shoots, in which less na(+) and more k(+) accumulate in those plants which contain the long arm of chromosome 4d. concentrations of na(+) and k(+) in the roots, and cl(-) concentrations in the roots and shoots, are not significantly affected by this t ...199024202105
nadh dehydrogenase: a new molecular marker for homoeology group 4 in triticeae. a map of the 4rs chromosome arm in rye.structural gene loci encoding the monomeric isozymes nicotin adenin dinucleotide dehydrogenase (nadh dehydrogenase or ndh) have been located on the 4al, 4bα, and 4ds chromosome arms of triticum aestivum cv "chinese spring", on the 4rs chromosome arm of secale cereale cultivars "imperial", "king ii", "dakold," and "ailes," on the 4s(1) s/7s(1) chromosome of aegilops longissima, the 4e of elytrigia elongata, and the csu-a of aegilops umbellulata. all the results support the homoeologous relationsh ...199124202354
characterization and organization of gene families at the gli-1 loci of bread and durum wheats by restriction fragment analysis.probes related to γ-gliadins and to the lmw subunits of glutenin were used to determine the complexity of the gli-1 loci, by rflp analysis of euploid and aneuploid lines of bread wheat cv chinese spring and durum wheat cv langdon. the two probes hybridised to separate sets of fragments derived from chromosomes 1 a, 1 b and 1d. the fragments related to the lmw subunit probe had a total copy number in hindiii digests of about 35 in chinese spring and 17 in langdon, with more fragments derived from ...199124202360
a comparative evaluation of two methods of selecting locations used for testing spring wheat cultivars.one of the considerations of regional cultivar evaluation programs is to optimize the number of locations used for testing. although optimization of numbers of locations using cluster analysis has been previously attempted, no objective comparison of methods has yet been made. a new clustering method that uses the pairwise contribution of locations to the cultivar x location mean square as the distance measure (lb) was compared to another method that employs diallel correlations as the distance ...199224202511
analysis of hmw glutenin subunits encoded by chromosome 1a of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) indicates quantitative effects on grain quality.a gene encoding the high-molecular-weight (hmw) subunit of glutenin 1ax1 was isolated from bread wheat cv hope. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with that previously reported for an allelic subunit, 1ax2(*), showed only minor differences, which were consistent with both subunits being associated with good bread-making quality. quantitative analyses of total protein extracts from 22 cultivars of bread wheat showed that the presence of either subunit 1ax1 or 1ax2(*), when compared wit ...199224202521
identification and chromosomal location of four subfamilies of the rubisco small subunit genes in common wheat.three different 3' noncoding sequences of wheat rubisco small subunit (ssu) genes (rbcs) were used as probes to identify the gene members of different rbcs subfamilies in the common wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs). all genes of the wheat rbcs multigene family were previously assigned to the long arm of homoeologous group 5 and to the short arm of homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of cv cs. extracted dna from various aneuploids of these homoeologous groups was digested with four restriction enz ...199224202523
restriction fragment analysis of 'null' forms at the gli-1 loci of bread and durum wheats.wheat accessions lacking some of the ω- and γ-gliadin components encoded by the gli-1 loci on the short arm of chromosome 1d in bread wheat and chromosome 1a in durum wheat were studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction fragment analysis. digested genomic dnas of 'normal' and 'null' forms were probed with a cdna clone related to ω-/γ-gliadins and with a genomic clone encoding an lmw subunit of glutenin. the hybridisation patterns with the ω-/γ-gliadin probe we ...199224202588
c-banding pattern and polymorphism of aegilops caudata and chromosomal constitutions of the amphiploid t. aestivum - ae. caudata and six derived chromosome addition lines.c-banding patterns were analysed in 19 different accessions of aegilops caudata (= ae. markgrafii, = triticum dichasians) (2n = 14, genomically cc) from turkey, greece and the ussr, and a generalized c-banded karyotype was established. chromosome specific c-bands are present in all c-genome chromosomes, allowing the identification of each of the seven chromosome pairs. while only minor variations in the c-banding pattern was observed within the accessions, a large amount of polymorphic variation ...199224202675
use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect spacer size heterogeneity in plant 5s-rrna gene clusters and to locate such clusters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).we have used the polymerase chain reaction to analyse variation in the size of individual 5s-ribosomal gene spacer sequences. this reaction can be used to demonstrate inter- and intraspecific variation in spacer size, and combined with dna sequencing it may thus be a valuable taxonomic tool. two sets of nested polymerase chain reaction primers were designed to amplify the nontranscribed spacer dna between repeated 5s-rrna genes. these "universal" primers were used to generate fragments from the ...199224202741
fingerprinting plant genomes with oligonucleotide probes specific for simple repetitive dna sequences.oligonucleotides hybridizing to simple repetitive dna patterns are highly informative as probes for dna fingerprinting in all investigated animal species, including man. here we demonstrate the applicability of this technique in higher plants. the oligonucleotide probes (gtg)5 and (gata)4 were used to investigate the differences in dna fingerprint patterns of the following angiosperm species: triticum aestivum, secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, beta vulgaris, petunia hybrida, brassica oleracea, a ...199224202742
production and identification of three 4ag(4d) substitution lines of triticum aestivum - agropyron: relative transmission rate of alien chromosomes.by crossing fertile nullisomics-4d of common wheat (nullisomics 72180 and 'tianxuan' no. 15) with three octoploid agrotriticum lines [partial amphiploids (2n=56) 78829 from the offsprings of wheat with agropyron intermedium (=thinopyrum intermedium, 2n=42) and 784 and 7631 from those of wheat with ag. elongatum (thinopyrum elongatum, 2n=70)], backcrossing the hybrid with 4d nullisomics as recurrent parent for one to two generations, and then selfing the bc individuals, we obtained three differen ...199224202744
the influence of the rye genome on expression of heat shock proteins in triticale.the heat shock protein profiles from secale cereale l. cv imperial, triticum aestivum l. cv chinese spring, s. cereale x t. aestivum amphiploid, and the seven disomic s. cereale addition lines to t. aestivum were used to compare the wheat, rye, and triticale heat shock protein profiles and to study the influence of the rye genome on heat shock protein expression in triticale. three-day-old seedlings were heat shocked for 2 h at 40 °c in the presence of (35)s-methionine, and polypeptides from roo ...199224202924
evidence that aco-b2 and aco-d2 of triticum aestivum are located in chromosomes 4b and 4d.studies designed to determine the chromosomal locations of variant aconitase-2 alleles of triticum aestivum disclosed that aco-b2 and aco-d2 are not located in chromosomes 5b and 5d, as formerly reported. reinvestigation of the chromosomal locations of the genes provided strong evidence they are instead located in chromosomes 4b and 4d. also, four aco-b2 alleles were identified but no variant aco-d2 alleles were detected.199224202929
factor regression for interpreting genotype-environment interaction in bread-wheat trials.the french inra wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) breeding program is based on multilocation trials to produce high-yielding, adapted lines for a wide range of environments. differential genotypic responses to variable environment conditions limit the accuracy of yield estimations. factor regression was used to partition the genotype-environment (ge) interaction into four biologically interpretable terms. yield data were analyzed from 34 wheat genotypes grown in four environments using 12 a ...199224202930
development of a chromosomal arm map for wheat based on rflp markers.a chromosomal arm map has been developed for common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) using aneuploid stocks to locate more than 800 restriction fragments corresponding to 210 low-copy dna clones from barley cdna, oat cdna, and wheat genomic libraries. the number of restriction fragments per chromosome arm correlates moderately well with relative dna content and length of somatic chromosomes. the chromosomal arm locations of loci detected with 6 different clones support an earlier hypothes ...199224202932
plant regeneration from long term suspension culture-derived protoplasts of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).highly regenerable callus cultures have been obtained from immature embryos of hexaploid wheat cv. oderzo. friable fast growing calli were induced at high frequency. suspensions were initiated from the most friable callus lines: they became established in about two months. suspensions consisted of cell aggregates of 30 to 1000 um in diameter. upon plating on ms hormone-free medium, suspensions regenerated green plantlets, and their regenerative capability was maintained for at least 10 months. p ...199224203136
geographical variation in heading characters among wheat landraces, triticum aestivum l., and its implication for their adaptability.heading time and its constituent traits, photoperiodic response, narrow-sense earliness and vernalization requirement, were surveyed for 158 wheat landraces. wide varietal variation was observed in each character. nearly half of the variation for each character was explained by a geographical difference in origin. based on these data and the growing environments in each locality, we analyzed "adaptation strategy", seen as the adjustment of heading time in terms of differences in the constituent ...199224203181
expression of potential resistance genes to the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, in wheat, triticum aestivum.the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (homoptera: aphididae), is a dominant and destructive pest in wheat, triticum estivum l. (poales: poaceae), production regions in china and other grain-growing areas worldwide. patterns of gene expression of the s. avenae-resistant synthetic wheat line 98-10-35, the s. avenae-susceptible line1376, and their hybrid population, and the differences in segments between 98-10-35/1376 f₃ resistant plants and resistant parents of 98-10-35, as well as those ...201324205793
laterally resolved speciation of arsenic in roots of wheat and rice using fluorescence-xanes imaging.• accumulation of arsenic (as) within plant tissues represents a human health risk, but there remains much to learn regarding the speciation of as within plants. • we developed synchrotron-based fluorescence-x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (fluorescence-xanes) imaging in hydrated and fresh plant tissues to provide laterally resolved data on the in situ speciation of as in roots of wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) exposed to 2 μm as(v) or as(iii). • when exposed to as(v), ...201424206613
gas exchange of ears of cereals in response to carbon dioxide and light : i. relative contributions of parts of the ears of wheat, oat, and barley to the gas exchange of the whole organ.one cultivar each of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. arkas), oat (avena sativa l. cv. lorenz), and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. aramir) was chosen in order to study the relative contributions of individual bracts to the gas exchange of whole ears. the distribution and frequency of the stomata on the bracts were examined. gas exchange was measured at normal atmospheric co2 (330 μbar) and at high co2 (2000 μbar) on intact ears and on ears from which glumes or lemmas and pleae (wheat and o ...198924212553
efficient isolation of ion beam-induced mutants for homoeologous loci in common wheat and comparison of the contributions of glu-1 loci to gluten functionality.ion beam mutations can be efficiently isolated and deployed for functional comparison of homoeologous loci in polyploid plants, and glu - 1 loci differ substantially in their contribution to wheat gluten functionality. to efficiently conduct genetic analysis, it is beneficial to have multiple types of mutants for the genes under investigation. here, we demonstrate that ion beam-induced deletion mutants can be efficiently isolated for comparing the function of homoeologous loci of common wheat (t ...201424212587
gas-exchange of ears of cereals in response to carbon dioxide and light : ii. occurrence of a c3-c 4 intermediate type of photosynthesis.data for the maximum carboxylation velocity of ribulose-1,5-biosphosphate carboxylase, vm, and the maximum rate of whole-chain electron transport, jm, were calculated according to a photosynthesis model from the co2 response and the light response of co2 uptake measured on ears of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. arkas), oat (avena sativa l. cv. lorenz), and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. aramir). the ratio jm/vm is lower in glumes of oat and awns of barley than it is in the bracts of wheat and i ...198924212745
sulphate influx in wheat and barley roots becomes more sensitive to specific protein-binding reagents when plants are sulphate-deficient.when young wheat (triticum aestivum l.) or barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were deprived of an external sulphate supply (-s plants), the capacity of their roots to absorb sulphate, but not phosphate or potassium, increased rapidly (derepression) so that after 3-5 d it was more than tenfold that of sulphate-sufficient plants (+s plants). this increased capacity was lost rapidly (repression) over a 24-h period when the sulphate supply was restored. there was little effect on the uptake of l-met ...198924212755
chromosomal control of wheat gliadin protein epitopes: analysis with specific monoclonal antibodies.the genetic relationships between small clusters of monomeric alcohol-soluble wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain storage proteins (gliadins) were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and immunoblotting, elisa, and ria methods. use of chinese spring nullisomic-tetrasomic lines showed that several narrow-specificity antibodies bound specifically to gliadins encoded by genes located on a single chromosome. in at least one case, antibodies bound to genetic "blocks" of gliadins, indicating ...199124212859
plant regeneration from protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hartog).morphologically normal green plants have reproducibly been regenerated from protoplasts of an australian wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hartog). the protoplasts were isolated from fine embryogenic suspension cultures which were initiated from embryogenic callus. protoplasts were incubated in a modified liquid ms medium containing half strength of the macroelements, 5 μm 2,4-d and 0.6 m glucose. colonies were formed at frequencies ranging from 0.1% to 5%. the frequency of colonies forming fully dev ...199224213030
variability and uniformity of mitochondrial dna in populations of putative diploid ancestors of common wheat.by using restriction endonuclease digestion patterns, the degree of intraspecific polymorphism of mitochondrial dna in four diploid species of wheat and aegilops, ae. speltoides, ae. longissima, ae. squarrosa, and triticum monococcum, was assessed. the outbreeding ae. speltoides was found to possess the highest degree of variability, the mean number of nucleotide substitutions among conspecific individuals being 0.027 substitutions per nucleotide site. a very low degree of mtdna variation was de ...199124213067
general features of chromosome substitutions in triticum aestivum x t. timopheevii hybrids.based on a c-banded chromosome analysis of triticum aestivum x t. timopheevii hybrid lines, we developed a classification of the a(t) and g genome chromosomes that agrees with the standard genetic nomenclature of t. aestivum chromosomes. transfer of genetic material from t. timopheevii to t. aestivum involved complete chromosomes, chromosome arms, or segments. frequencies of chromosome substitution were highest for homoeologous group 2 and lowest for group 4. moreover, b(g) substitutions were fr ...199124213071
normalization of the dna content of telophase cells from wheat calli by nutrient modifications.cytophotometric analyses were conducted to determine whether the dna content of wheat callus varied by tissue culture medium or age of callus. wheat,triticum aestivum l. line pcyt-20, was cultured on three variations of the murashige and skoog (1962) growth medium. at the end of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, samples were collected and prepared for feulgen cytophotometry. standards for the dna measurements were readings from 100 telophase nuclei in wheat meristematic root tips. amounts of dna per nucleus ...199124213255
chromosome pairing relationships among the a, b, and d genomes of bread wheat.chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency were studied in bread wheat euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; abd genomes) with and without the major pairing regulatorph1. this constitutes the first report of chromosome pairing relationships among the a, b, and d genomes of wheat without the influence of an alien genome. allph1 euhaploids had very little pairing, with 0.62-1.05 rod bivalents per cell; ring bivalents were virtually absent and mean arm-binding frequency (c) values ranged from 0.050 to 0.086. in ...199124213260
characterization of variability and relationships among components of partial resistance to leaf rust in cimmyt bread wheats.a study of spring bread wheat (triticum aestivum) germ plasm developed at the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) showed highly significant phenotypic variability for each component of partial resistance (namely, uredial appearance period, latency period, uredial number and uredial size) to puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici. all of the wheat genotypes displayed longer uredial appearance and latency periods and decreased uredial number and uredial size when compared to the s ...199124213440
embryogenic cell suspensions of triticum aestivum x leymus angustus f1 hybrids: characterization and plant regeneration.embryogenic cell suspension cultures were established from triticum aestivum x leymus angustus f1 hybrids, using compact nodular calli derived from inflorescence segments. calli originating from leaf segments did not give rise to stable cell suspensions. growth measurements of the cell suspensions revealed that they continued rapid growth up to 10 days after subculturing. flow cytometric studies of the cell cycle over a 7 day culture period showed that the majority of cells were in g1 phase whil ...199224213490
plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from long-term cell cultures of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).a friable and fast-growing type of callus was isolated from a long term shoot-competent cell culture of wheat. the suspension cultures established from this callus consisted of small, densely cytoplasmic cells which divided more rapidly but with a lower plant regeneration frequency than the original culture. a high yield of protoplasts was released from suspension cells (2 to 3×10(7) protoplasts per ml packed cell volume) when treated with enzyme mixtures. the isolated protoplasts divided at a r ...199124213660
comparative impact of genetically modified and non modified maize (zea mays l.) on succeeding crop and associated weed.this research work documents the comparative impact of genetically modified (gm) (insect resistance) and non modified maize (zea mays l.) on growth and germination of succeeding crop wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and associated weed (avena fatua l.). the aqueous extracts of both the gm and non-gm maize exhibited higher phenolic content than that of methanolic extracts. germination percentage and germination index of wheat was significantly decreased by gm methanolic extract (10%) as well as that ...201624215059
intrinsic karyotype stability and gene copy number variations may have laid the foundation for tetraploid wheat formation.polyploidy or whole-genome duplication is recurrent in plant evolution, yet only a small fraction of whole-genome duplications has led to successful speciation. a major challenge in the establishment of nascent polyploids is sustained karyotype instability, which compromises fitness. the three putative diploid progenitors of bread wheat, with aa, ss (s ∼ b), and dd genomes occurred sympatrically, and their cross-fertilization in different combinations may have resulted in fertile allotetraploids ...201324218593
integration of molecular and physiological models to explain time of anthesis in wheat.a model to predict anthesis time of a wheat plant from environmental and genetic information requires integration of current concepts in physiological and molecular biology. this paper describes the structure of an integrated model and quantifies its response mechanisms.201324220102
formation of wheat protein bodies: involvement of the golgi apparatus in gliadin transport.developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm was examined using ultrathin sections prepared from tissues harvested at 5, 9, 16 and 25 d after flowering. protein bodies were evident by 9 d and displayed a variety of membranous structures and inclusions. the golgi apparatus was a prominent organelle at all stages, and by 9 d was associated with small electron-dense inclusions. by immunocytochemical techniques, gliadin (wheat prolamine) was localized within these vesicles and in homogeneous re ...024220770
hordeum chilense repetitive sequences. genome characterization using biotinylated probes.a library of random dna fragment clones of wild barley hordeum chilense was screened for clones of repeated nucleotide sequences. five clones were isolated that gave a stronger hybridization signal in colony and dot blot hybridization with total h. chilense dna in comparison to triticum aestivum dna. clones labelled with biotinylated nucleotides were used as probes to investigate the repeated sequences organization in the h. chilense genome. tandemly arranged and interspersed sequences have been ...199024220806
molecular cloning and chromosomal location of genes encoding the "early-methionine-labelled" (em) polypeptide of triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring.the "early-methionine-labelled" (em) polypeptide is the most abundant cytosolic polypeptide found in mature wheat embryos. using a near full-length cdna clone as a hybridisation probe to detect genomic sequences by southern blotting of electrophoretic separations of genomic dna derived from triticum aestivum l. var. chinese spring and a series of its aneuploid derivatives, we demonstrate that the em polypeptide is the product of a small multigene family in which the copies are located on each of ...199024220809
control of wheat root growth. the effects of excision on growth, wall rheology and root anatomy.excision and subsequent incubation of the apices (1 cm) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling roots in simple media severely reduced elongation from 28 mm·(24 h)(-1) in intact roots to a maximum of 2 mm·(24 h)(-1) in excised roots. the reduction in growth was accompanied by a loss of cell turgor in the growing zone but was correlated with a hardening of the cell walls in this region. rheological properties were measured as percent extensibility (both plastic and elastic) using a tensiometer, ...198824220869
cell-type-specific expression of a wheat-germ agglutinin gene in embryos and young seedlings of triticum aestivum.we have investigated the levels of cell-specific expression of wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) during the development of embryos and in 3-d-old seedlings. southern blot analysis of genomic dna derived from hexaploid and diploid wheat (triticum) species indicates that the isolated cdna (complementary dna) clone is specific for isolectin b (wga-b). specific accumulation of transcript for wga-b was determined by rna blot analysis and in-situ hybridization. the wga-b mrna increased tenfold during embryo ...198824220870
the molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of triticum and aegilops : 7. restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial dnas from polyploid wheats and their ancestral species.many related species and strains of common wheat were compared by matching differences among their mitochondrial genomes with their "parent" nuclear genomes. we examined three species of aegilops, section sitopsis (ae. bicornis, ae. sharonensis, and ae. speltoides), emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides, t. dicoccum, and t. durum), common wheat (t. spelta, t. aestivum, and t. compaction), and timopheevi wheat (t. araraticum, t. timopheevi, and t. zhukovskyi). a single source of the cytoplasm was use ...199024220971
genetic mapping between gli-b1 locus and a telomeric c-heterochromatin band in wheat.using c-banding it has been possible to prove that the bread wheat varieties 'holdfast' and 'capelledesprez' shows an intense band of telomeric heterochromatin on the short arm of chromosome 1b, while the variety 'pané-247' presents a very thin band. gliadin study using ph-acid electrophoresis revealed the existence of differences in the gli-b1 locus in the three varieties. analysis of the progeny of the (p x h) x cd hybrid revealed recombination between the heterochromatin c-band and locus gli- ...199024221110
milling energy requirement of the aneuploid stocks of common wheat, including alien addition lines.aneuploid stocks, which included triticum aestivum/alien, disomic, chromosome addition lines, wheat/alien, ditelosomic, chromosome addition lines, and the available aneuploids of "chinese spring" wheat, were used to locate genes that influence milling energy requirement (me). genes that affected me were found on all seven homoeologous chromosome groups. the addition of complete wheat chromosomes 1b, 1d, 2a, 2d, 5b, 6b, 7b and 7d increased me. positive effects were also found in specific chromoso ...199024221113
ammi adjustment for statistical analysis of an international wheat yield trial.multilocation trials are important for the cimmyt bread wheat program in producing high-yielding, adapted lines for a wide range of environments. this study investigated procedures for improving predictive success of a yield trial, grouping environments and genotypes into homogeneous subsets, and determining the yield stability of 18 cimmyt bread wheats evaluated at 25 locations. additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (ammi) analysis gave more precise estimates of genotypic yields ...199124221155
chromosomal location of genes for rubisco small subunit and rubisco-binding protein in common wheat.the genes coding for the rubisco small subunit (ssu) and for the α-subunit of the rubisco-binding protein were located to chromosome arms of common wheat. hindiii-digested total dna from the hexaploid cultivar chinese spring and from ditelosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines was probed with these two genes, whose chromosomal location was deduced from the disappearance of or from changes in the relative intensity of the relevant band(s). the rubisco ssu pattern consisted of 14 bands, containing ...199124221165
encoding genes for endosperm proteins in hordeum chilense.the endosperm proteins encoded by the genome hch in hordeum chilense, tritordeum (amphiploid hordeum chilense x triticum turgidum), common wheat-h. chilense addition lines, and the segregating plants resulting from the cross tritordeum x t. turgidum, were fractionated by three electrophoretical techniques: sds-page, a-page, and bidimensional page. prolamin subunits with a high molecular weight (hmw) were well visualized by sds-page, the a-page technique permitted good resolution for many hordein ...199124221169
efficient production of wheat-barley hybrids and preferential elimination of barley chromosomes.intergeneric hybridization between four common wheat cultivars, triticum aestivum l. cultivars chinese spring, norin 12, norin 61, and shinchunaga, and cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare l. cultivars betzes, nyugoruden, harunanijou, and kinai 5 were carried out in a greenhouse under 15 - 20 °c and long-day (15 h) photoperiod conditions. two days prior to pollination, a 100 mg/1 2,4-d solution was injected into wheat stems. among wheat cultivars, norin 12, norin 61, and shinchunaga showed higher ...199124221254
hybridization between triticum aestivum l. and agropyron michnoi roshev. : 1. production and cytogenetic study of f1 hybrids.intergeneric hybrids between triticum aestivum cv 'chinese spring' (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and agropyron michnoi roshev. (2n=4x=28, pppp) were obtained by embryo culture. their spike characteristics were similar to those of common wheat but, unlike their parents, they were long-awned. the average meiotic chromosome pairing at mi of f1 hybrids was: 6.39 i +3.75 rodii+8.64 ringii+0.81 iii+0.30 iv+0.04 v, the bivalent and multivalent formation of which was much higher than expected from the genomic form ...199124221258
recovery of normal photosynthesis and respiration in common wheat with agropyron cytoplasms by telocentric agropyron chromosomes.alloplasmic common wheat (triticum aestivum l. cultivais 'penjamo 62' and 'siete cerros 66') with cytoplasms of wheatgrass (agropyron trichophorum and ag. glaucum) showed two aberrant phenotypes, i.e., gross reduction in plant vigor and male sterility. plant vigor and male fertility were restored by cytoplasm-specific telocentric chromosomes (telosomes). studies on carbon assimilation and consumption and on oxygen evolution and uptake showed that maximum rates of apparent photosynthesis were sig ...199124221317
cytological analysis on the distribution and origin of the alien chromosome pair conferring blue aleurone color in several european common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) strains.meiotic chromosome pairing and giemsa c-banding analyses in crosses of several european blue-grained wheat strains with chinese spring double ditelosomic and other aneuploid lines showed that triticum aestivum blaukorn strains "berlin," "probstdorf," "tschermak," and "weihenstephan" are chromosome substitutions, in which the complete wheat chromosome 4a pair is replaced, whereas the strains "brünn" and "moskau" are 4b substitutions. the alien chromosome pair in all of these strains is an a genom ...199124221323
seed set after pollination with in-vitro-matured, isolated pollen of triticum aestivum.immature pollen of two varieties of triticum aestivum, at the stage right after the first pollen mitosis, was isolated from individual anthers and cultured in microcultures of microliter droplets. in a specifically designed medium, some of the pollen grains developed to maturity. these were applied to excised stigmas on agar, where they produced pollen tubes. application to flowers in vivo led to seed set. pollen was matured in vitro from a variety that produced a different protein banding patte ...199124221370
identification of 'amigo' and 'kavkaz' translocations in ohio soft red winter wheats (triticum aestivum l.).one cultivar ('gr876') and two advanced ohio soft red winter wheat lines ('oh413' and 'oh414'), with 'kavkaz' in their pedigrees, were examined for the presence of the 'kavkaz,' 1rs/1bl rye/wheat chromosome translocation. another advanced line ('oh416'), with 'amigo' in its pedigree, was examined for the presence of the 'amigo,' 1rs/1al translocation. only two satellited chromosomes were observed in most mitotic root-tip cells from 'gr876,' 'oh413,' and 'oh414,' compared to four in most cells fr ...199124221378
molecular characterization of a low-molecular-weight glutenin cdna clone from triticum durum.a full-length, low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin cdna clone, ptducd1, has been isolated from a triticum durum cv 'mexicali' wheat cdna library. the complete sequence was determined and compared to the lmw glutenin genes that have been isolated from hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum. this cdna codes for a protein of 295 amino acids (33,414 daltons) including a 20-amino acid signal peptide as deduced from the dna sequence. northern analysis showed that this cdna hybridizes to a family of relate ...199124221382
direct effect of colchicine on the microspore embryogenesis to produce dihaploid plants in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).in the present experiment, different chromosome reduplication techniques were applied to microspore-originated triticum aestivum l. (cv 'ciano') haploids. in addition to the conventional treatment (whole plant exposure to colchicine solution), spontaneously redoubled haploids were also examined. as an experimental treatment, different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.04%) of colchicine were added directly to the induction media. colchicine did not affect the anther response or the plant regeneratio ...199124221385
the integration of whole-root and cellular hydraulic conductivities in cereal roots.the hydraulic conductivities of excised whole root systems of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. atou) and of single excised roots of wheat and maize (zea mays l. cv. passat) were measured using an osmotically induced back-flow technique. ninety minutes after excision the values for single excised roots ranged from 1.6·10(-8) to 5.5·10(-8) m·s(-1)·mpa(-1) in wheat and from 0.9·10(-8) to 4.8·10(-8) m·s(-1)·mpa(-1) in maize. the main source of variation was a decrease in the value as root length incr ...198824221410
differences between wheat and rice in the enzymic properties of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the relationship to photosynthetic gas exchange.the kinetic parameters of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.39) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) were determined by rapidly assaying the leaf extracts. the respective k m and v max values for carboxylase and oxygenase activities were significantly higher for wheat than for rice. in particular, the differences in the v max values between the two species were greater. when the net activity of co2 exchange was calculated at the physiological ...198824221414
the role of calcium ions in phytochrome-controlled swelling of etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) protoplasts.protoplasts from dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) maintained at a constant osmotic potential at 22°c, were found to swell upon red irradiation (r) and the effect was negated by subsequent far-red light (fr), indicating phytochrome involvement. swelling only occurred when ca(2+) ions were present in the surrounding medium, or were added within 10 min after r. furthermore, mg(2+), ba(2+) or k(+) could not replace this requirement for ca(2+). the presence of k(+) did not enhance the ca(2+)-d ...198824221423
analysis of the resistance of aegilops squarrosa to the wheatgrass mildew fungus by using the gene-for-gene reationship.pm10 and pm15, resistance genes to erysiphe graminis f. sp. agropyri, are located on the d genome of common wheat. it was determined whether or not they were carried by existing lines of the d genome donor, aegilops squarrosa, using the gene-for-gene relationship. two lines of ae. squarrosa tested (one was var. meyeri and the other was var. anathera) were susceptible to culture tk-1 of e. graminis f. sp. tritici and were highly resistant to culture ak-1 of e. graminis f. sp. agropyri. the two li ...199124221433
production, morphology, and cytogenetics of triticum aestivum (l.) thell × elymus scabrus (r. br.) love intergeneric hybrids obtained by in ovulo embryo culture.intergeneric hybrids were produced between common wheat, triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, aabbdd), and an apomictic triticeae species, elymus scabrus (syn. agropyron scabrum) (2n=6x=42, hhssss), the first successful report of this cross. nine tiny, underdeveloped, and structureless embryos were obtained in vitro only by in ovulo embryo culture at 4 days after pollination, which gave rise to five mature hybrid plants. all the hybrid plants were vigorous and possessed a phenotype intermediate to the t ...199124221449
a segment of rye chromosome 1 enhances growth and embryogenesis of calli derived from immature embryos of wheat.the influence of the short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1rs) from secale cereale var. imperial on the growth and differentiation of callus cultures from wheat triticum aestivum var. chinese spring immature embryos was analysed. this chromosome arm was found to stimulate both embryogenesis and the rate of growth of calli. recombinant lines carrying segments of 1rs were used to delineate the regions of 1rs responsible for the tissue culture effects. the enhancement of embryogenesis and the stimulation ...199124221495
starch synthesis by isolated amyloplasts from wheat endosperm.the aim of this work was to discover which compound(s) cross the amyloplast envelope to supply the carbon for starch synthesis in grains of triticum aestivum l. amyloplasts were isolated, on a continuous gradient of nycodenz, from lysates of protoplasts of endosperm of developing grains, and then incubated in solutions of (14)c-labelled: glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerol 3-phosphate. only gl ...198824221626
estimating position-time relationships in steady-state, one-dimensional growth zones.two methods are described for estimating position-time relationships (pathlines) in steady, one-dimensional growth zones. pathlines can be used to provide a time base for spatial data in developmental studies. the methods apply within extension-only zones (zones of growth without cell division) and require data for cell-number densities, or cumulative cell numbers, or mean cell lengths, and for the overall elongation rate of an organ. the first method ("continuous-pathline" method) can be used t ...198824221636
improved somatic embryogenesis in wheat by partial simulation of the in-ovulo oxygen, growth-regulator and desiccation environments.the effects of o2, growth-regulators and desiccation on callus growth and somatic embryo (embryoid) development were investigated in cultures of immature embryos of two lines of triticum aestivum l. callus and embryoid formation were induced on media that contained n(6)-furfurylamin-opurine (kinetin) and either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid, either with or without abscisic acid (aba). cultures containing differentiated embryoids were then exposed to high concentrat ...198824221880
did the house mouse (mus musculus l.) shape the evolutionary trajectory of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)?wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most successful domesticated plant species in the world. the majority of wheat carries mutations in the puroindoline genes that result in a hard kernel phenotype. an evolutionary explanation, or selective advantage, for the spread and persistence of these hard kernel mutations has yet to be established. here, we demonstrate that the house mouse (mus musculus l.) exerts a pronounced feeding preference for soft over hard kernels. when allele frequencies r ...201324223281
heterologous expression of the wheat aquaporin gene tatip2;2 compromises the abiotic stress tolerance of arabidopsis thaliana.aquaporins are channel proteins which transport water across cell membranes. we show that the bread wheat aquaporin gene tatip2;2 maps to the long arm of chromosome 7b and that its product localizes to the endomembrane system. the gene is expressed constitutively in both the root and the leaf, and is down-regulated by salinity and drought stress. salinity stress induced an increased level of c-methylation within the cng trinucleotides in the tatip2;2 promoter region. the heterologous expression ...201324223981
effects of auxin and cytokinin on induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).in order to know the mutagenic effects of synthetic auxins (naa, 2,4-d, and 2,4,5-t) and a cytokinin (kinetin) in vitro, sister chromatid exchanges (sces) were analyzed in cultured cells of a hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in the ms medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-d, the mean number of sces per cell was 15.2, and per pg of dna, 0.42. no significant effect was found in the treatments of naa or 2,4-d at concentrations of 0.5-10.0 mg/l, whereas more than 2.0 mg/l of 2,4,5-t induced d ...198924225679
acetyl-coa-carboxylase activity in normally developing wheat leaves.in order to investigate the role of acetyl coa carboxylase (acc) in the regulation of fatty-acid biosynthesis in chloroplasts, the activities and relative amounts of the enzyme have been measured in the tissue of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves undergoing development and cellular differentiation. the total activity in the first leaves of 5- to 7-d-old plants was similar but decreased to less than half in 9-d-old plants. the activity of acc in the cells of the first leaf of 7-d-old plants dou ...198724225710
the photosynthetic induction response in wheat leaves: net co2 uptake, enzyme activation, and leaf metabolites.the photosynthetic induction response was studied in whole leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) following 5-min, 30-min and 10-h dark periods. after the 5-min dark treatment there was a rapid burst in the rate of photosynthesis upon illumination (half of maximum after 30s), followed by a slight decrease after 1.5 more min and then a gradual rise to the maximum rate. during this initial burst in photosynthesis, there was a rapid rise in the level of 3-phosphoglycerate (pga) and a high pga/trios ...198724225719
monosomic analysis of tissue culture response in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the ability of immature embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to respond in cell culture was examined in crosses between the 'wichita' monosomic series and a highly regenerable line, 'nd7532'. segregation in disomic controls and 13 monosomic families showed a good fit to a monogenic ratio indicating a qualitative mode of inheritance. segregation in the cross involving monosomic 2d showed a high frequency of regeneration (93.6%) and high callus growth rate (1.87 g/90 days) indicating that 2d is ...198924225821
extent of genetic variability of endosperm esterases in triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42.genetic variability of endosperm esterase has been studied in 42 cultivars of triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42. different techniques, including sequential electrophoresis and electrofocusing, have been used with various substrates and esterase inhibitors. the electrophoretic patterns in each cultivar are described. chromosomal location using the nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of chinese spring was carried out in order to relate and/or locate the esterase genes to specific chromosomes. most o ...198924225835
control of tissue culture response in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the ability of immature embryos of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to respond to tissue culture has been shown to involve the group 2 chromosomes. the available group 2 ditelosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of 'chinese spring' wheat were used to determine the chromosome arm location and chromosome dosage effect associated with the expression of tissue culture response (tcr). significant differences were found between the aneuploid lines and the euploid control for the expression of both regen ...198924226006
evidence for cytoplasmic control of in vitro microspore embryogenesis in the anther culture of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, 'siete cerros 66' and 'penjamo 62', as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera triticum and aegilops. significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of 'penjamo 62' in ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. plant r ...198924226021
nuclear genes affecting albinism in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther culture.inheritance of the ability to respond in wheat anther culture was studied from 6×2 reciprocal crosses between six varieties with high and two varieties with low capacity for green plant formation and their parents, replicated in two environments. effects of genotypes dominated embryo formation and percentages of green plants, accounting for 78.4% and 85.4% of total variation, respectively, while smaller genetic effects were indicated for regeneration. nuclear genes could explain almost all the g ...198924226023
nuclear and cytoplasmic gene control of resistance to loose smut (ustilago tritici (pers.) rostr.) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).using disomic chromosome substitution lines based on the susceptible wheat cultivar 'chinese spring', loose smut resistance of wheat cultivars 'hope' and 'thatcher' was shown to be conferred in each case by a single dominant major gene carried on chromosome 7 a ('hope') or 7 b ('thatcher'). partial resistance was determined by genes on an additional eight 'hope' or seven 'thatcher' chromosomes, and similarities were evident between the partial resistance genotypes of'hope' and 'thatcher'. 'chine ...198924226026
gibberellin modulation of phosphatidyl-choline turnover in wheat aleurone tissue.phosphatidyl choline (pc) is synthesised in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. flanders) aleurone tissue during early germination when new endomembranes are being formed. although gibberellic acid does not ostensibly affect pc levels, it inhibits the incorporation of choline and differentially and specifically modulates the turnover of the n-methyl and methylene carbons of the choline headgroup of pc. gibberellic acid has no effect on turnover of the phosphate moiety of either pc or the other major ...198724226069
nitrate reductases in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats and aegilops.nitrate reductase activity (nr activity), protein content (nr protein) and polypeptides were compared in shoots of triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare (l.) cv fidel (bread wheat, aabbdd genome), triticum dicoccum cv vernal (aabb genome), aegilops squarrosa var. strangulata (dd genome) and the amphiploid 365 (aabbdd genome), produced by crossing t. dicoccum cv vernal and ae. squarrosa var. strangulata. constitutive nr protein and activity were found in shoots of all seedlings grown without nitrate, wi ...199024226112
a novel intergeneric hybrid in the triticeae: triticum aestivum x psathyrost achys juncea.two hybrid embryos of intergeneric origin between triticum aestivum cv fukuho (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) and psathyrostachys juncea (2n=2x=14, nn) were successfully rescued. one hybrid plant had the expected chromosome number of 28 (abdn), whereas the second plant had 35 chromosomes. the average meiotic chromosome pairing in the 35-chromosome hybrid was 21.87 univalents + 6.38 bivalents + 0.11 trivalents + 0.009 quadrivalents, which indicates that two copies of the n genome were present. chromosome pair ...199024226118
determination of endogenous abscisic acid levels in immature cereal embryos during in vitro culture.levels of endogenous abscisic acid (aba) in immature wheat (triticum aestivum cv. timmo) and barley (hordeum vulgare cv. golden promise) embryos have been determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. embryos of both cereal species showed an increase in aba content during development on the parent plant. immature embryos were excised and cultured in vitro on nutrient media that led to precocious germination or on media containing 9% (w/v) mannitol that maintained their developmental arrest. b ...198824226187
chromosomal location of adenylate kinase isozymes in triticeae species.one system of monomeric adenylate kinase isozymes, designated adk, was observed in triticum aestivum and in five diploid triticeae species. the gene loci adk-a, adk-b and adk-d were located on 7al, 7bl and 7dl triticum aestivum cv "chinese spring" chromosomal arms, respectively. adk gene loci were also located on the 7rl chromosomal arm of secale cereale cv "ailés", the 7h chromosome of hordeum vulgare cv "betzes", 7x of agropyron intermedium, 7e of elytrigia elongata and csu-e of aegilops umbel ...199024226212
the effect of parental divergence on f2 heterosis in winter wheat crosses.in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the development of a methodology to estimate genetic divergence between parental lines, when combined with knowledge of parental performance, could be beneficial in the prediction of bulk progeny performance. the objective of this study was to relate f2 heterosis for grain yield and its components in 116 crosses to two independent estimates of genetic divergence among 28 parental genotypes of diverse origins. genetic divergence between parents was estimate ...199024226225
the effects of interactions of culture environment with genotype on wheat (triticum aestivum) anther culture response.the interactions of genotype and several variables related to culture environment, including temperature pretreatment, conditioned medium and agar concentrations were examined in a series of experiments for their effects on percent anthers producing callus and number of embryoids produced per 100 anthers scored. significant genotypic interaction was observed for both traits with all environmental variables except methods of medium conditioning. such interactions involve both changes of response ...199024226278
somaclonal variant plants of wheat derived from mature embryo explants of three genotypes.somaclones regenerated from three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, glennson, pavon and pak-16171 were evaluated for variation in agronomic and morphological characters. calli were initiated from germinating seeds on linsmaier and skoog (ls) medium plus 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2% sucrose and 1% agar. calli were isolated and regenerated into whole plants on ls medium containing 0.1 mg/l indole - 3-acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine. comparisons among the somaclones and th ...199024226286
genetic characterisation of a further homoeoallelic series of grain esterase loci,est-6, in wheat.isoelectric focussing in alkaline ph gels has permitted the identification of a new homoeoallelic series of genes,est-6, encoding grain esterases in bread wheat,triticum aestivum. nullisomic analysis located these genes to the short arms of the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. a search for polymorphism withinest-6 revealed null alleles at each ofest-a6,est-b6 andest-d6. a further homoeolocus,est-m6, is present on chromosome arm2ms ofaegilops comosa.199024226345
use of recombinant inbred lines of wheat for study of associations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit alleles to quantitative traits : 1. grain yield and quality prediction tests.the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw glutenin), encoded by alleles at homoeologous lociglu-a1,glu-b1, andglu-d1 on the long arms of chromosomes1a,1b, and1d of a set of f8 random recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from the bread wheat cross anza × cajeme 71, were classified by sds-page. anza has poor breadmaking quality and hmw-glutenin subunits (payne numbers) null (glu-a1c), 7+8 (glu-b1b), and 2+12 (glu-d1a); cajeme 71 has good quality and 1 (glu-a1a), 17+18 (glu-b1i), and 5+10 ...199024226349
association between dwarfing genes 'rht1' and 'rht 2' and resistance toseptoria tritici blotch in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell).differences in levels of resistance toseptoria tritici blotch were observed in plants with a specific height-reducing gene. when the gene 'rht 2' was present either as an isoline or in the progeny, a higher degree of resistance was found. the most susceptible plants were observed in populations carrying the 'rht 1' gene. associations, as determined by phenotypic correlations, were detected betweenseptoria tritici blotch and tall stature, late heading, and maturity. plants having short stature, e ...199024226364
identification of callus types for long-term maintenance and regeneration from commercial cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).immature embryos, inflorescences, and anthers of eight commercial cultivars of triticum aestivum (wheat) formed embryogenic callus on a variety of media. immature embryos (1.0-1.5 mm long) were found to be most suitable for embryogenic callus formation while anthers responded poorly; inflorescences gave intermediate values. immature embryos of various cultivars showed significant differences in callus formation in response to 11 of the 12 media tested. no significant differences were observed wh ...199024226574
genetic variability of leaf esterases in triticum aestivum l. 2n=6x=42.starch gel electrophoresis with two different buffer systems and several substrates and inhibitors have been used to study the electrophoretic variability of esterases in leaves of cultivars of triticum aestivum. each one of the buffer systems showed different levels of variability, according to the electrophoretic patterns. at the same time green and etiolated leaves showed different patterns in each buffer system. the variability was dependent upon the developmental stage of the leaves. accord ...199024226583
wheat-germ agglutinin is synthesized as a glycosylated precursor.the biosynthesis and processing of wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) were studied in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. marshall) embryos using pulse-chase labeling, subcellular fractionation and immunocytochemistry. a substantial amount of newly synthesized wga was organelle-associated. isolation of wga on affinity columns of immobilized n-acetylglucosamine indicated that it was present in a dimeric form. when extracts from embryos pulse-labeled with [(35)s]cysteine were fractionated on an is ...198824226685
somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in triticum aestivum x leymus angustus f1 hybrids and the parental lines.somatic embryos and plants were produced from cultured inflorescence and leaf segments of triticum aestivum x leymus anaustus f1 hybrids and the parental lines. inflorescences showed a better capacity for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration than leaves. leymus anaustus produced the highest number of embryogenic calli, while the hybrids were intermediate between this species and triticum aestivum. presence of 2,4-d was shown to be essential for induction and maintenance of somatic embryo ...199024226703
wheat germ agglutinin in wheat seedling roots: induction by elicitors and fungi.treatment of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings with elicitors originating from either plant or fungal cell walls induces about a 2-fold increase of wheat germ agglutinin (wga) in the roots. while the wga content in roots of healthy plants normally decreases as a function of germination time, a transient accumulation of wga could be observed in plants challenged with different fungi, including rhizoctonia solani, fusarium culmorum, pythium ultimum and neurospora crassa. peak levels in challe ...199024226823
improved embryoid induction and green shoot regeneration from wheat anthers cultured in medium with maltose.anthers from spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes, including six f1 hybrids, were cultured in a modified liquid n6 medium containing either sucrose or maltose. in every case, use of maltose resulted in greater microspore callus induction and green shoot regeneration than culture in sucrose-containing medium. induction in maltose medium also allowed green shoots to be recovered from crosses that showed only a poor response in other media and from two genotypes that did not respond to mod ...199024227056
isolation and identification of (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile as a phytotoxin from meadowfoam (limnanthes alba) seedmeal.ethyl ether, ethanol, and water extracts of meadowfoam (limnanthes alba hartweg ex. benth.) seedmeal were prepared and bioassayed against velvetleaf (abutilon theophrasti medicus) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. "cardinal"). both the ethyl ether and ethanol fractions, but not the water extract, inhibited velvetleaf and wheat radicle elongation. fractionation of the extracts indicated that (3-methoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (3-mpan) was the active compound from both extracts, comprising >97% of the ac ...199624227117
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