Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in ferrets and mice. | on 29 march 2013, the chinese center for disease control and prevention confirmed the first reported case of human infection with an avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. the recent human infections with h7n9 virus, totalling over 130 cases with 39 fatalities to date, have been characterized by severe pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). this is concerning because h7 viruses have typically been associated with ocular disease in humans, rather than severe respiratory disease ... | 2013 | 23842497 |
| implementing the cellular mechanisms of synaptic transmission in a neural mass model of the thalamo-cortical circuitry. | a novel direction to existing neural mass modeling technique is proposed where the commonly used "alpha function" for representing synaptic transmission is replaced by a kinetic framework of neurotransmitter and receptor dynamics. the aim is to underpin neuro-transmission dynamics associated with abnormal brain rhythms commonly observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders. an existing thalamocortical neural mass model is modified by using the kinetic framework for modeling synaptic transmi ... | 2013 | 23847522 |
| immune history shapes specificity of pandemic h1n1 influenza antibody responses. | human antibody responses against the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus are predominantly directed against conserved epitopes in the stalk and receptor-binding domain of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein. this is in stark contrast to ph1n1 antibody responses generated in ferrets, which are focused on the variable sa antigenic site of ha. here, we show that most humans born between 1983 and 1996 elicited ph1n1 antibody responses that are directed against an epitope near the ha receptor-binding domain. ... | 2013 | 23857983 |
| the short stalk length of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus neuraminidase limits transmission of pandemic h1n1 virus in ferrets. | h5n1 influenza viruses pose a pandemic threat but have not acquired the ability to support sustained transmission between mammals in nature. the restrictions to transmissibility of avian influenza viruses in mammals are multigenic, and overcoming them requires adaptations in hemagglutinin (ha) and pb2 genes. here we propose that a further restriction to mammalian transmission of the majority of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses may be the short stalk length of the neuraminida ... | 2013 | 23864615 |
| the homologous tripartite viral rna polymerase of a/swine/korea/ct1204/2009(h1n2) influenza virus synergistically drives efficient replication and promotes respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. | we previously reported that influenza a/swine/korea/1204/2009(h1n2) virus was virulent and transmissible in ferrets in which the respiratory-droplet-transmissible virus (ct-sw/1204) had acquired simultaneous hemagglutinin (had225g) and neuraminidase (nas315n) mutations. incorporating these mutations into the nonpathogenic a/swine/korea/1130/2009(h1n2, sw/1130) virus consequently altered pathogenicity and growth in animal models but could not establish efficient transmission or noticeable disease ... | 2013 | 23864624 |
| vaccination of ferrets with a recombinant g glycoprotein subunit vaccine provides protection against nipah virus disease for over 12 months. | nipah virus (niv) is a zoonotic virus belonging to the henipavirus genus in the family paramyxoviridae. since niv was first identified in 1999, outbreaks have continued to occur in humans in bangladesh and india on an almost annual basis with case fatality rates reported between 40% and 100%. | 2013 | 23867060 |
| h7n9 influenza viruses are transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet. | a newly emerged h7n9 virus has caused 132 human infections with 37 deaths in china since 18 february 2013. control measures in h7n9 virus-positive live poultry markets have reduced the number of infections; however, the character of the virus, including its pandemic potential, remains largely unknown. we systematically analyzed h7n9 viruses isolated from birds and humans. the viruses were genetically closely related and bound to human airway receptors; some also maintained the ability to bind to ... | 2013 | 23868922 |
| an in vivo human-plasmablast enrichment technique allows rapid identification of therapeutic influenza a antibodies. | recent advances enabling the cloning of human immunoglobulin g genes have proven effective for discovering monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential. however, these antibody-discovery methods are often arduous and identify only a few candidates from numerous antibody-secreting plasma cells or plasmablasts. we describe an in vivo enrichment technique that identifies broadly neutralizing human antibodies with high frequency. for this technique, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ... | 2013 | 23870317 |
| a computational pipeline for quantification of pulmonary infections in small animal models using serial pet-ct imaging. | infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. in order to better understand and treat them, an accurate evaluation using multi-modal imaging techniques for anatomical and functional characterizations is needed. for non-invasive imaging techniques such as computed tomography (ct), magnetic resonance imaging (mri), and positron emission tomography (pet), there have been many engineering improvements that have significantly enhanced the resolution and contrast of the images, ... | 2013 | 23879987 |
| effects of solar particle event proton radiation on parameters related to ferret emesis. | the effectiveness of simulated solar particle event (spe) proton radiation to induce retching and vomiting was evaluated in the ferret experimental animal model. the endpoints measured in the study included: (1) the fraction of animals that retched or vomited, (2) the number of retches or vomits observed, (3) the latency period before the first retch or vomit and (4) the duration between the first and last retching or vomiting events. the results demonstrated that γ ray and proton irradiation de ... | 2013 | 23883319 |
| the medical implications of gastrointestinal vagal afferent pathways in nausea and vomiting. | nausea and vomiting are biological systems for defense against food poisoning that are also provoked by numerous drugs (e.g., chemotherapy, anesthesia) and chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, diabetic gastroparesis). the sensory pathways that stimulate nausea and vomiting include vestibular, area postrema, and forebrain inputs, but gastrointestinal vagal afferent fibers arguably play the most prominent role as a first-line defense. vagal sensory neurons detect toxins that enter the gastrointestinal ... | 2014 | 23886386 |
| the severe pathogenicity of alveolar macrophage-depleted ferrets infected with 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus. | the in vivo role of alveolar macrophages in the infections with 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus is not as yet known. ferret study shows that alveolar macrophages are critical for lowering the risk of severe outcomes in 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus infections. up to 40% of the infected ferrets depleted of alveolar macrophages died, with elevated body temperature and major loss of body weight in contrast to infected ferrets not depleted of alveolar macrophages. the higher viral titers in ... | 2013 | 23890814 |
| considerations regarding appropriate sample size for conducting ferret transmission experiments. | evaluation of: nishiura h, yen h-l, cowling bj. sample size considerations for one-to-one animal transmission studies of the influenza a viruses. plos one 8(1), e55358 (2013). there is an urgent need to model in a laboratory setting the capacity of wild-type influenza viruses to transmit between mammals, to determine the molecular determinants and identify biological properties that confer influenza virus transmissibility, and to explore both pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical methods to inhib ... | 2013 | 23902143 |
| use of a gnrh vaccine, gonacon, for prevention and treatment of adrenocortical disease (acd) in domestic ferrets. | adrenocortical disease (acd) is a common problem in surgically sterilized, middle-aged to old ferrets (mustela putorius furo). the adrenal tissues of these ferrets develop hyperplasia, adenomas, or adenocarcinomas, which produce steroid hormones including estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione. major clinical signs attributable to overproduction of these hormones are alopecia (hair loss) in both sexes and a swollen vulva in females. pruritus, muscle atrophy, hind limb weakness, a ... | 2013 | 23906891 |
| dna prime and virus-like particle boost from a single h5n1 strain elicits broadly neutralizing antibody responses against head region of h5 hemagglutinin. | since 1996, highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has presented a persistent threat to public health. its high degree of genetic diversity also poses enormous challenges in developing effective vaccines. to search for vaccine regimens that could elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses against diverse hpai h5n1 strains, in the present study we tested h5 hemagglutinin (ha) from an a/thailand/1(kan)-1/2004 strain in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination. we demonstrated that p ... | 2014 | 23911711 |
| limited airborne transmission of h7n9 influenza a virus between ferrets. | wild waterfowl form the main reservoir of influenza a viruses, from which transmission occurs directly or indirectly to various secondary hosts, including humans. direct avian-to-human transmission has been observed for viruses of subtypes a(h5n1), a(h7n2), a(h7n3), a(h7n7), a(h9n2) and a(h10n7) upon human exposure to poultry, but a lack of sustained human-to-human transmission has prevented these viruses from causing new pandemics. recently, avian a(h7n9) viruses were transmitted to humans, cau ... | 2013 | 23925116 |
| the mouse and ferret models for studying the novel avian-origin human influenza a (h7n9) virus. | the current study was conducted to establish animal models (including mouse and ferret) for the novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza virus. | 2013 | 23927489 |
| microrna-based strategy to mitigate the risk of gain-of-function influenza studies. | recent gain-of-function studies in influenza a virus h5n1 strains revealed that as few as three-amino-acid changes in the hemagglutinin protein confer the capacity for viral transmission between ferrets. as transmission between ferrets is considered a surrogate indicator of transmissibility between humans, these studies raised concerns about the risks of gain-of-function influenza a virus research. here we present an approach to strengthen the biosafety of gain-of-function influenza experiments. ... | 2013 | 23934176 |
| number of spikes in climbing fibers determines the direction of cerebellar learning. | cerebellar learning requires context information from mossy fibers and a teaching signal through the climbing fibers from the inferior olive. although the inferior olive fires in bursts, virtually all studies have used a teaching signal consisting of a single pulse. following a number of failed attempts to induce cerebellar learning in decerebrate ferrets with a nonburst signal, we tested the effect of varying the number of pulses in the climbing fiber teaching signal. the results show that trai ... | 2013 | 23946401 |
| postentry processing of recombinant adeno-associated virus type 1 and transduction of the ferret lung are altered by a factor in airway secretions. | we recently created a cystic fibrosis ferret model that acquires neonatal lung infection. to develop lung gene therapies for this model, we evaluated recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav)-mediated gene transfer to the neonatal ferret lung. unlike in vitro ferret airway epithelial (fae) cells, in vivo infection of the ferret lung with raav1 required proteasome inhibitors to achieve efficient airway transduction. we hypothesized that differences in transduction between these two systems were b ... | 2013 | 23948055 |
| evidence of the three main clonal toxoplasma gondii lineages from wild mammalian carnivores in the uk. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic pathogen defined by three main clonal lineages (types i, ii, iii), of which type ii is most common in europe. very few data exist on the prevalence and genotypes of t. gondii in the uk. wildlife can act as sentinel species for t. gondii genotypes present in the environment, which may subsequently be transmitted to livestock and humans. dna was extracted from tissue samples of wild british carnivores, including 99 ferrets, 83 red foxes, 70 polecats, 65 mink, 64 bad ... | 2013 | 23953298 |
| little thief: the domestic ferret. | three illnesses appear commonly in pet ferrets: cardiomyopathies insulinoma, and adrenal associated endocrinopathy. treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy include ace inhibitors, and furosemide is recommended for the treatment for long-term diuresis treatment of congestive heart failure. insulinoma, cancer of the pancreas, is the most common neoplasm of the american ferret, often times treated by surgically excising the cancerous lobes, optionally can be treated with steroids that suppress insulin ... | 2016 | 23966531 |
| congestive heart failure and other medical facts about ferrets. | congestive heart failure, the most common form of heart disease in aged ferrets, is only one of the diseases to which ferrets are susceptible. congestive heart failure is an insidious, progressive disease for which there is no cure. once the diagnosis is made and the proper medication is determined, the ferret must remain on the medication. the case report included with this article, which was submitted by a pet owner, and the accompanying formula is an example of how a compounding pharmacist ca ... | 2013 | 23966532 |
| scout's story: a case report on treating congestive heart failure in a ferret. | this case study reports on a ferret diagnosted with congestive heart failure. the veterinarians treated it with a compounded enalapril syrup successfully. radiographs of the thorax of the ferret are shown along with a photo of the ferret receiving her daily oral medication via oral syringe. | 2016 | 23966533 |
| fine-tuning of neurogenesis is essential for the evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex. | we used several animal models to study global and regional cortical surface expansion: the lissencephalic mouse, gyrencephalic normal ferrets, in which the parietal cortex expands more than the temporal cortex, and moderately lissencephalic ferrets, showing a similar degree of temporal and parietal expansion. we found that overall cortical surface expansion is achieved when specific events occur prior to surpragranular layer formation. (1) the subventricular zone (svz) shows substantial growth, ... | 2015 | 23968831 |
| review of a new molecular virus pathotyping method in the context of bioterrorism. | avian influenza virus (aiv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) infect various avian species including domestic poultry. clinical manifestations vary from subclinical or mild to severe multiorgan systemic disease with a near 100% mortality rate. severe disease is caused by highly virulent specific virus strains, termed highly pathogenic aiv and velogenic ndv. recent controversial influenza h5 adaptation studies in ferrets have highlighted the importance of preparedness against aiv as a bioterroris ... | 2013 | 23971812 |
| metagenomic analysis of the ferret fecal viral flora. | ferrets are widely used as a small animal model for a number of viral infections, including influenza a virus and sars coronavirus. to further analyze the microbiological status of ferrets, their fecal viral flora was studied using a metagenomics approach. novel viruses from the families picorna-, papilloma-, and anelloviridae as well as known viruses from the families astro-, corona-, parvo-, and hepeviridae were identified in different ferret cohorts. ferret kobu- and hepatitis e virus were ma ... | 2013 | 23977082 |
| veterinary compounding for ferrets. | 2013 | 23982135 | |
| golgi cell activity during eyeblink conditioning in decerebrate ferrets. | golgi cells have a central position in the cerebellar cortical network and are indirectly connected to purkinje cells, which are important for the acquisition of learned responses in classical conditioning. in order to clarify the role of golgi cells in classical conditioning, we made extracellular golgi cell recordings during different stages of conditioning, using four different conditional stimuli. our results show that forelimb and superior colliculus stimulation, but not mossy fiber stimula ... | 2014 | 23982588 |
| expression of m1-type muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the primary visual cortex: a comparative study of rat, guinea pig, ferret, macaque, and human. | cholinergic neuromodulation is a candidate mechanism for aspects of arousal and attention in mammals. we have reported previously that cholinergic modulation in the primary visual cortex (v1) of the macaque monkey is strongly targeted toward gabaergic interneurons, and in particular that the vast majority of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (pv) neurons in macaque v1 express the m1-type (pirenzepine-sensitive, gq-coupled) muscarinic ach receptor (m1achr). in contrast, previous physiological data indic ... | 2014 | 23983014 |
| novel avian-origin human influenza a(h7n9) can be transmitted between ferrets via respiratory droplets. | the outbreak of human infections caused by novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) in china since march 2013 underscores the need to better understand the pathogenicity and transmissibility of these viruses in mammals. in a ferret model, the pathogenicity of influenza a(h7n9) was found to be less than that of an influenza a(h5n1) strain but comparable to that of 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1), based on the clinical signs, mortality, virus dissemination, and results of histopathologic analyses. inf ... | 2014 | 23990570 |
| decrease of virus receptors during highly pathogenic h5n1 virus infection in humans and other mammals. | highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus causes a severe, often fatal, pneumonia in humans. the tropism and pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus can partly be explained by the presence of h5n1 virus receptors in the human alveoli, which are the site of inflammation during pneumonia. although studies on the distribution of influenza virus receptors in normal respiratory tract tissues have provided significant insights into the cell tropism and pathogenesis of influenza ... | 2013 | 23993779 |
| human antibodies that neutralize respiratory droplet transmissible h5n1 influenza viruses. | recent studies described the experimental adaptation of influenza h5 has that confers respiratory droplet transmission (rdt) to influenza virus in ferrets. acquisition of the ability to transmit via aerosol may lead to the development of a highly pathogenic pandemic h5 virus. vaccines are predicted to play an important role in h5n1 control should the virus become readily transmissible between humans. we obtained pbmcs from patients who received an a/vietnam/1203/2004 h5n1 subunit vaccine. human ... | 2013 | 23999429 |
| avian influenza: ferret h7n9 flu model questioned. | 2013 | 24005404 | |
| rapid emergence of a virulent pb2 e627k variant during adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza h7n7 virus to mice. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses pose a potential human health threat as they can be transmitted directly from infected poultry to humans. during a large outbreak of hpai h7n7 virus among poultry in the netherlands in 2003, bird to human transmission was confirmed in 89 cases, of which one had a fatal outcome. | 2013 | 24007444 |
| sparse coding models can exhibit decreasing sparseness while learning sparse codes for natural images. | the sparse coding hypothesis has enjoyed much success in predicting response properties of simple cells in primary visual cortex (v1) based solely on the statistics of natural scenes. in typical sparse coding models, model neuron activities and receptive fields are optimized to accurately represent input stimuli using the least amount of neural activity. as these networks develop to represent a given class of stimulus, the receptive fields are refined so that they capture the most important stim ... | 2013 | 24009489 |
| cutaneous neoplasia in ferrets, rabbits, and guinea pigs. | the frequency of common cutaneous tumors in ferrets, rabbits, and guinea pigs is summarized, with descriptions of their appearance and behavior, prognosis, and treatment options. this information assists clinicians when talking to clients, and helps owners make an informed decision whether or not to pursue aggressive treatment or to palliate. | 2013 | 24018027 |
| erythema multiforme in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | erythema multiforme, an uncommon skin disease resulting from an aberrant immune response, was diagnosed in a domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) based on clinical signs and skin biopsies, and this seems to be the first case report of this dermal disease in the ferret. this article discusses treatment and response, and reviews the small animal literature as it relates to disease pathophysiology and treatment. | 2013 | 24018028 |
| characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of ferret hepatitis e virus generated by recombinant baculoviruses. | ferret hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel hepatitis e-like virus, has been identified in ferrets in the netherlands. due to the lack of a cell-culture system for ferret hev, the antigenicity, pathogenicity and epidemiology of this virus have remained unclear. in the present study, we used a recombinant baculovirus expression system to express the 112-n-terminus and 47-c-terminus-amino-acid-truncated ferret hev orf2 protein in insect tn5 cells, and found that a large amount of a 53 kda protein (f-p ... | 2013 | 24018315 |
| multiple effects of β-amyloid on single excitatory synaptic connections in the pfc. | prefrontal cortex (pfc) is recognized as an ad-vulnerable region responsible for defects in cognitive functioning. pyramidal cell (pc) connections are typically facilitating (f) or depressing (d) in pfc. excitatory post-synaptic potentials (epsps) were recorded using patch-clamp from single connections in pfc slices of rats and ferrets in the presence of β-amyloid (aβ). synaptic transmission was significantly enhanced or reduced depending on their intrinsic type (facilitating or depressing), aβ ... | 2013 | 24027495 |
| emergence of h3n2pm-like and novel reassortant h3n1 swine viruses possessing segments derived from the a (h1n1)pdm09 influenza virus, korea. | human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic h1n1 2009 [a(h1n1)pdm09] virus in pig populations resulted in reassortment events with endemic swine influenza viruses worldwide. | 2013 | 24034626 |
| immune system cells in healthy ferrets: an immunohistochemical study. | the ferret has emerged as an excellent animal model to characterize several physiologic and pathologic conditions. the distribution and characterization of different types of immune system cells were studied in healthy ferret tissues. eight primary antibodies were tested for immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed tissues: anti-cd3, anti-cd79α, anti-cd20, anti-hla-dr, anti-lysozyme, anti-cd163, anti-swc3, and anti-mac387. the anti-cd3 antibody labeled t cells mainly in interfollicular and paracor ... | 2014 | 24045889 |
| anesthesia differentially modulates spontaneous network dynamics by cortical area and layer. | anesthesia is widely used in medicine and research to achieve altered states of consciousness and cognition. whereas changes to macroscopic cortical activity patterns by anesthesia measured at the spatial resolution of electroencephalography have been widely studied, modulation of mesoscopic and microscopic network dynamics by anesthesia remain poorly understood. to address this gap in knowledge, we recorded spontaneous mesoscopic (local field potential) and microscopic (multiunit activity) netw ... | 2013 | 24047911 |
| the genetic legacy of the 19th-century decline of the british polecat: evidence for extensive introgression from feral ferrets. | in the 19th century, the british polecat suffered a demographic contraction, as a consequence of direct persecution, reaching its lowest population in the years that preceded the first world war. the polecat is now recovering and expanding throughout britain, but introgressive hybridization with feral ferrets has been reported, which could be masking the true range of the polecat and introducing domestic genes into the species. we used a fragment of the mitochondrial dna control region and 11 mi ... | 2013 | 24050727 |
| zanamivir conjugated to poly-l-glutamine is much more active against influenza viruses in mice and ferrets than the drug itself. | previously, polymer-attached zanamivir had been found to inhibit influenza a viruses in vitro far better than did small-molecule zanamivir (1) itself. the aim of this study was to identify in vitro-using the plaque reduction assay-a highly potent 1-polymer conjugate, and subsequently test its antiviral efficacy in vivo. | 2014 | 24065587 |
| lung phenotype of juvenile and adult cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-knockout ferrets. | chronic bacterial lung infections in cystic fibrosis (cf) are caused by defects in the cf transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel. previously, we described that newborn cf transmembrane conductance regulator-knockout ferrets rapidly develop lung infections within the first week of life. here, we report a more slowly progressing lung bacterial colonization phenotype observed in juvenile to adult cf ferrets reared on a layered antibiotic regimen. even on antibiotics, cf ferrets were s ... | 2014 | 24074402 |
| membrane-bound siv envelope trimers are immunogenic in ferrets after intranasal vaccination with a replication-competent canine distemper virus vector. | we are investigating canine distemper virus (cdv) as a vaccine vector for the delivery of hiv envelope (env) that closely resembles the native trimeric spike. we selected cdv because it will promote vaccine delivery to lymphoid tissues, and because human exposure is infrequent, reducing potential effects of pre-existing immunity. using siv env as a model, we tested a number of vector and gene insert designs. vectors containing a gene inserted between the cdv h and l genes, which encoded env lack ... | 2013 | 24074564 |
| mutation from arginine to lysine at the position 189 of hemagglutinin contributes to the antigenic drift in h3n2 swine influenza viruses. | two distinct antigenic clusters were previously identified among the h3n2 swine influenza a viruses (iavs) and were designated h3n2siv-alpha and h3n2siv-beta (feng et al., 2013. journal of virology 87 (13), 7655-7667). a consistent mutation was observed at the position 189 of hemagglutinin (r189k) between h3n2siv-alpha and h3n2siv-beta fair isolates. to evaluate the contribution of r189k mutation to the antigenic drift from h3n2siv-alpha to h3n2siv-beta, four reassortant viruses with 189r or 189 ... | 2013 | 24074585 |
| receptor specificity does not affect replication or virulence of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in mice and ferrets. | human influenza viruses predominantly bind α2,6 linked sialic acid (sa) while avian viruses bind α2,3 sa-containing complex glycans. virulence and tissue tropism of influenza viruses have been ascribed to this binding preference. we generated 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) viruses with either predominant α2,3 or α2,6 sa binding and evaluated these viruses in mice and ferrets. the α2,3 ph1n1 virus had similar virulence in mice and replicated to similar titers in the respiratory tract of mice and ferr ... | 2013 | 24074599 |
| antigenicity and transmissibility of a novel clade 2.3.2.1 avian influenza h5n1 virus. | a genetic variant of the h5n1 influenza virus, termed subclade 2.3.2.1, was first identified in bulgaria in 2010 and has subsequently been found in vietnam and laos. several cases of human infections with this virus have been identified. thus, it is important to understand the antigenic properties and transmissibility of this variant. our results showed that, although it is phylogenetically closely related to other previously characterized clade 2.3 viruses, this novel 2.3.2.1 variant exhibited ... | 2013 | 24077367 |
| transmigration route of campylobacter jejuni across polarized intestinal epithelial cells: paracellular, transcellular or both? | intact intercellular junctions and cellular matrix contacts are crucial structural components for the formation and maintenance of epithelial barrier functions in humans to control the commensal flora and protect against intruding microbes. campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens causing food-borne gastroenteritis and potentially more severe diseases such as reactive arthritis or guillain-barré syndrome. crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier and host cell invasi ... | 2013 | 24079544 |
| mechanisms for stable, robust, and adaptive development of orientation maps in the primary visual cortex. | development of orientation maps in ferret and cat primary visual cortex (v1) has been shown to be stable, in that the earliest measurable maps are similar in form to the eventual adult map, robust, in that similar maps develop in both dark rearing and in a variety of normal visual environments, and yet adaptive, in that the final map pattern reflects the statistics of the specific visual environment. how can these three properties be reconciled? using mechanistic models of the development of neu ... | 2013 | 24089483 |
| impact of prior seasonal h3n2 influenza vaccination or infection on protection and transmission of emerging variants of influenza a(h3n2)v virus in ferrets. | influenza h3n2 a viruses continue to circulate in swine and occasionally infect humans, resulting in outbreaks of variant influenza h3n2 [a(h3n2)v] virus. it has been previously demonstrated in ferrets that a(h3n2)v viruses transmit as efficiently as seasonal influenza viruses, raising concern over the pandemic potential of these viruses. however, a(h3n2)v viruses have not acquired the ability to transmit efficiently among humans, which may be due in part to existing cross-reactive immunity to a ... | 2013 | 24089569 |
| compassionate conservation and the ethics of species research and preservation: hamsters, black-footed ferrets, and a response to rob irvine : comment on "ethics of species research and preservation" by rob irvine. | 2013 | 24092401 | |
| distribution and size of mucous glands in the ferret tracheobronchial tree. | a transgenic ferret model of cystic fibrosis has recently been generated. it is probable that malfunction of airway mucous glands contributes significantly to the airway pathology of this disease. the usefulness of the ferret model may therefore depend in part on how closely the airway glands of ferrets resemble those of humans. here, we show that in the ferret trachea glands are commonest in its most ventral aspect and disappear about half way up the lateral walls; they are virtually absent fro ... | 2013 | 24106034 |
| natural and lesion-induced decrease in cell proliferation in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body during hearing development. | the functional interactions between neurons and glial cells that are important for nervous system function are presumably established during development from the activity of progenitor cells. in this study we examined proliferation of progenitor cells in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (mntb) located in the rat auditory brainstem. we performed dna synthesis labeling experiments to demonstrate changes in cell proliferation activity during postnatal stages of development. an increase in c ... | 2014 | 24115041 |
| distichiasis in a ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4-year-old intact male ferret was presented to the ophthalmology service of the department of clinical sciences of companion animals of utrecht university with chronic blepharospasm, epiphora, and conjunctivitis of the right eye. examination of the eye revealed mild conjunctivitis and three hairs protruding from the openings of meibomian glands in the upper eyelid, providing the clinical diagnosis of distichiasis. the distichia were removed by transconjunctival unipolar electrocautery. recover ... | 2014 | 24118780 |
| evaluation of live attenuated h7n3 and h7n7 vaccine viruses for their receptor binding preferences, immunogenicity in ferrets and cross reactivity to the novel h7n9 virus. | live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) candidates of the h7 subtype, a/netherlands/219/03 (h7n7, nl03 ca) and a/chicken/british columbia/cn-6/2004 (h7n3, bc04 ca), were evaluated for their receptor binding specificity and immunogenicity in ferrets. the bc04 ca virus exhibited α2,3-sa and α2,6-sa dual receptor binding preference while the nl03 ca virus preferentially bound to α2,3-sa. substitution of the q226 and g228 (q-g) by the l226 and s228 (l-s) residues in the ha improved binding to α2,6- ... | 2013 | 24130801 |
| alternative reassortment events leading to transmissible h9n1 influenza viruses in the ferret model. | influenza a h9n2 viruses are common poultry pathogens that occasionally infect swine and humans. it has been shown previously with h9n2 viruses that reassortment can generate novel viruses with increased transmissibility. here, we demonstrate the modeling power of a novel transfection-based inoculation system to select reassortant viruses under in vivo selective pressure. plasmids containing the genes from an h9n2 virus and a pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) virus were transfected into hek 293t cells to po ... | 2014 | 24131710 |
| emerging antigenic variants at the antigenic site sb in pandemic a(h1n1)2009 influenza virus in japan detected by a human monoclonal antibody. | the swine-origin pandemic a(h1n1)2009 virus, a(h1n1)pdm09, is still circulating in parts of the human population. to monitor variants that may escape from vaccination specificity, antigenic characterization of circulating viruses is important. in this study, a hybridoma clone producing human monoclonal antibody against a(h1n1)pdm09, designated 5e4, was prepared using peripheral lymphocytes from a vaccinated volunteer. the 5e4 showed viral neutralization activity and inhibited hemagglutination. 5 ... | 2013 | 24147093 |
| selection on haemagglutinin imposes a bottleneck during mammalian transmission of reassortant h5n1 influenza viruses. | the emergence of human-transmissible h5n1 avian influenza viruses poses a major pandemic threat. h5n1 viruses are thought to be highly genetically diverse both among and within hosts; however, the effects of this diversity on viral replication and transmission are poorly understood. here we use deep sequencing to investigate the impact of within-host viral variation on adaptation and transmission of h5n1 viruses in ferrets. we show that, although within-host genetic diversity in haemagglutinin ( ... | 2013 | 24149915 |
| targeted disruption of layer 4 during development increases gabaa receptor neurotransmission in the neocortex. | cortical dysplasia (cd) associates with clinical pathologies, including epilepsy and mental retardation. cd results from impaired migration of immature neurons to their cortical targets, leading to clustering of neural cells and changes in cortical properties. we developed a cd model by administering methylazoxymethanol (mam), an anti-mitotic, to pregnant ferrets on embryonic day 33; this leads to reduction in cortical thickness in addition to redistribution and increased expression of gabaa rec ... | 2014 | 24155012 |
| diagnosis and successful surgical treatment of an unusual inguinal liposarcoma in a pet ferret (mustela putorius furo). | a 4 1/2-year-old female spayed ferret (mustela putorius furo) was presented for a rapidly growing mass in the inguinal region. following a complete clinical evaluation, the unusual mass was surgically removed and the histopathological diagnosis was an inguinal liposarcoma. no post-operative complications were observed over a 14-month follow-up period. | 2013 | 24155472 |
| use of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for thyrotropin stimulation testing in euthyroid ferrets. | to evaluate the effects of im administration of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhtsh) on plasma total thyroxine (t4) concentrations in euthyroid ferrets. | 2013 | 24171372 |
| hemagglutinin receptor specificity and structural analyses of respiratory droplet-transmissible h5n1 viruses. | two ferret-adapted h5n1 viruses capable of respiratory droplet transmission have been reported with mutations in the hemagglutinin receptor-binding site and stalk domains. glycan microarray analysis reveals that both viruses exhibit a strong shift toward binding to "human-type" α2-6 sialosides but with notable differences in fine specificity. crystal structure analysis further shows that the stalk mutation causes no obvious perturbation of the receptor-binding pocket, consistent with its impact ... | 2014 | 24173215 |
| btbd3 controls dendrite orientation toward active axons in mammalian neocortex. | experience-dependent structural changes in the developing brain are fundamental for proper neural circuit formation. here, we show that during the development of the sensory cortex, dendritic field orientation is controlled by the btb/poz domain-containing 3 (btbd3). in developing mouse somatosensory cortex, endogenous btbd3 translocated to the cell nucleus in response to neuronal activity and oriented primary dendrites toward active axons in the barrel hollow. btbd3 also directed dendrites towa ... | 2013 | 24179155 |
| effect of hyperammonemia on brain amino acids in young and adult ferrets. | effects of arginine deficiency and hyperammonemia on the brain concentrations of amino acids and urea cycle enzyme activities in young and adult ferrets were investigated. only young ferrets developed hyperammonemia and encephalopathy immediately after consuming the arginine-free diet. brain ornithine and citrulline concentrations in young ferrets fed arginine containing diet were significantly lower than those in adult ferrets. compared to rats and other animals, young and adult ferrets had low ... | 1993 | 24190672 |
| enhanced neutralizing antibody titers and th1 polarization from a novel escherichia coli derived pandemic influenza vaccine. | influenza pandemics can spread quickly and cost millions of lives; the 2009 h1n1 pandemic highlighted the shortfall in the current vaccine strategy and the need for an improved global response in terms of shortening the time required to manufacture the vaccine and increasing production capacity. here we describe the pre-clinical assessment of a novel 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza vaccine based on the e. coli-produced ha globular head domain covalently linked to virus-like particles derived from t ... | 2013 | 24204639 |
| organization and cellular arrangement of two neurogenic regions in the adult ferret (mustela putorius furo) brain. | in the adult mammalian brain, two neurogenic regions have been characterized, the subventricular zone (svz) of the lateral ventricle (lv) and the subgranular zone (sgz) of the dentate gyrus (dg). despite remarkable knowledge of rodents, the detailed arrangement of neurogenic regions in most mammals is poorly understood. in this study, we used immunohistochemistry and cell type-specific antibodies to investigate the organization of two germinal regions in the adult ferret, which belongs to the or ... | 2014 | 24214369 |
| risk assessment of h2n2 influenza viruses from the avian reservoir. | h2n2 influenza a viruses were the cause of the 1957-1958 pandemic. historical evidence demonstrates they arose from avian virus ancestors, and while the h2n2 subtype has disappeared from humans, it persists in wild and domestic birds. reemergence of h2n2 in humans is a significant threat due to the absence of humoral immunity in individuals under the age of 50. thus, examination of these viruses, particularly those from the avian reservoir, must be addressed through surveillance, characterizatio ... | 2014 | 24227848 |
| a novel nonhuman primate model for influenza transmission. | studies of influenza transmission are necessary to predict the pandemic potential of emerging influenza viruses. currently, both ferrets and guinea pigs are used in such studies, but these species are distantly related to humans. nonhuman primates (nhp) share a close phylogenetic relationship with humans and may provide an enhanced means to model the virological and immunological events in influenza virus transmission. here, for the first time, it was demonstrated that a human influenza virus is ... | 2013 | 24244352 |
| behavioural sensitivity to binaural spatial cues in ferrets: evidence for plasticity in the duplex theory of sound localization. | for over a century, the duplex theory has guided our understanding of human sound localization in the horizontal plane. according to this theory, the auditory system uses interaural time differences (itds) and interaural level differences (ilds) to localize low-frequency and high-frequency sounds, respectively. whilst this theory successfully accounts for the localization of tones by humans, some species show very different behaviour. ferrets are widely used for studying both clinical and fundam ... | 2014 | 24256073 |
| impact of potential permissive neuraminidase mutations on viral fitness of the h275y oseltamivir-resistant influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus in vitro, in mice and in ferrets. | neuraminidase (na) mutations conferring resistance to na inhibitors (nais) generally compromise the fitness of influenza viruses. the only nai-resistant virus that widely spread in the population, the a/brisbane/59/2007 (h1n1) strain, contained permissive mutations that restored the detrimental effect caused by the h275y change. computational analysis predicted other permissive na mutations for a(h1n1)pdm09 viruses. here, we investigated the effect of t289m and n369k mutations on the viral fitne ... | 2014 | 24257597 |
| adenosine deaminase acts as a natural antagonist for dipeptidyl peptidase 4-mediated entry of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) replicates in cells of different species using dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4) as a functional receptor. here we show the resistance of ferrets to mers-cov infection and inability of ferret ddp4 to bind mers-cov. site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids variable in ferret dpp4 thus revealed the functional human dpp4 virus binding site. adenosine deaminase (ada), a dpp4 binding protein, competed for virus binding, acting as a natural antagonis ... | 2014 | 24257613 |
| invasive mammals and habitat modification interact to generate unforeseen outcomes for indigenous fauna. | biotic invasions and habitat modification are two drivers of global change predicted to have detrimental impacts on the persistence of indigenous biota worldwide. few studies have investigated how they operate synergistically to alter trophic interactions among indigenous and nonindigenous species in invaded ecosystems. we experimentally manipulated a suite of interacting invasive mammals, including top predators (cat felis catus, ferret mustela furo, stoat m. erminea), herbivores (rabbit orycto ... | 2013 | 24261050 |
| response of pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides) to an operational application of synthetic semiochemicals of stoat (mustela erminea). | this paper reports on laboratory bioassays and a large-scale field trial of synthetic mustelid anal-gland compounds in controlled-release devices designed for operational application to burrow systems of northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides). the field study was conducted in an apple orchard in the okanagan valley of british columbia. in laboratory bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane from the stoat (mustela erminea) and 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiolane from ... | 1990 | 24263607 |
| substitutions near the receptor binding site determine major antigenic change during influenza virus evolution. | the molecular basis of antigenic drift was determined for the hemagglutinin (ha) of human influenza a/h3n2 virus. from 1968 to 2003, antigenic change was caused mainly by single amino acid substitutions, which occurred at only seven positions in ha immediately adjacent to the receptor binding site. most of these substitutions were involved in antigenic change more than once. equivalent positions were responsible for the recent antigenic changes of influenza b and a/h1n1 viruses. substitution of ... | 2013 | 24264991 |
| constructing noise-invariant representations of sound in the auditory pathway. | identifying behaviorally relevant sounds in the presence of background noise is one of the most important and poorly understood challenges faced by the auditory system. an elegant solution to this problem would be for the auditory system to represent sounds in a noise-invariant fashion. since a major effect of background noise is to alter the statistics of the sounds reaching the ear, noise-invariant representations could be promoted by neurons adapting to stimulus statistics. here we investigat ... | 2013 | 24265596 |
| scent lures from anal sac secretions of the ferretmustela furo l. | a bioassay of eight synthetic anal sac compounds showed that ferrets were most attracted to a mixture of 2-propylthietane andtrans- andcis-2,3-dimethylthietane. this mixture was used as the basis of an artificial scent lure. trapping experiments used two traps at each site. in comparing trap success, ferrets chose artificial lure in preference to no odor, and chose both food baits and natural-product anal sac odor over artificial lure. however, the effectiveness of artificial lure was demonstrat ... | 1989 | 24271444 |
| nonsurgical management of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets. | several medical therapeutic options are available for the management of the clinical signs of adrenal disease in ferrets. many of these medical modalities seem to be well tolerated and are a suitable alternative to adrenalectomy, especially for ferrets that are not surgical candidates. however, drugs that are currently available only manage the symptoms and do not provide a cure for the diseased adrenal gland, which may continue to enlarge. the medical management of urinary obstruction caused by ... | 2014 | 24274921 |
| use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : iv. northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides). | this study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (mustela erminea) and ferret (m. putorius) in generating an avoidance response by northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides) in tree fruit orchards in the okanagan valley of british columbia, canada. a secondary objective assessed the impact of additional predator odors on gopher avoidance behavior in laboratory bioassays. in field bioassays, a 1: 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane, as ... | 1988 | 24277016 |
| environmentally enriched male mink gain more copulations than stereotypic, barren-reared competitors. | wild carnivores in zoos, conservation breeding centres, and farms commonly live in relatively small, unstimulating enclosures. under these captive conditions, in a range of species including giant pandas, black-footed ferrets, and european mink, male reproductive abilities are often poor. such problems have long been hypothesized to be caused by these animals' housing conditions. we show for the first time that rearing under welfare-improving (i.e., highly valued and stress-reducing) environment ... | 2013 | 24282547 |
| cross-modal plasticity results in increased inhibition in primary auditory cortical areas. | loss of sensory input from peripheral organ damage, sensory deprivation, or brain damage can result in adaptive or maladaptive changes in sensory cortex. in previous research, we found that auditory cortical tuning and tonotopy were impaired by cross-modal invasion of visual inputs. sensory deprivation is typically associated with a loss of inhibition. to determine whether inhibitory plasticity is responsible for this process, we measured pre- and postsynaptic changes in inhibitory connectivity ... | 2013 | 24288625 |
| higher immunological protection of pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza live virus infection than split vaccine against the homologous virus for long term immunization in ferret. | the study was to evaluate the long term immunological efficacy of pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza live virus infection and split vaccine against the homologous virus challenge in ferrets. antibodies in ferrets were monitored by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay for 200 days, the hi titers of both infected-only and vaccinated plus infected ferrets could maintain a high level for at least 182 days, without significant difference between the two infected groups. while one-dose and two-dose vacci ... | 2012 | 24293813 |
| integration over multiple timescales in primary auditory cortex. | speech and other natural vocalizations are characterized by large modulations in their sound envelope. the timing of these modulations contains critical information for discrimination of important features, such as phonemes. we studied how depression of synaptic inputs, a mechanism frequently reported in cortex, can contribute to the encoding of envelope dynamics. using a nonlinear stimulus-response model that accounted for synaptic depression, we predicted responses of neurons in ferret primary ... | 2013 | 24305812 |
| anal gland secretions of the stoat (mustela erminea) and the ferret (mustela putorius formafuro) : some additional thietane components. | two new thietanes,cis- andtrans-2-ethyl-3-methylthietane, have been identified in the anal gland secretion of the stoat, and 2-isopropyl thietane has been characterized from the anal gland secretion of the ferret. conflicting published data are reevaluated. | 1985 | 24310328 |
| identification multiplex assay of 19 terrestrial mammal species present in new zealand. | an identification assay has been developed that allows accurate detection of 19 of the most common terrestrial mammals present in new zealand (cow, red deer, goat, dog, horse, hedgehog, cat, tammar wallaby, mouse, weasel, ferret, stoat, sheep, rabbit, pacific rat, norway rat, ship rat, pig, and brushtail possum). this technique utilizes species-specific primers that, combined in a multiplex pcr, target small fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. each species, except hedgehog, produce ... | 2013 | 24310859 |
| neural and behavioral investigations into timbre perception. | timbre is the attribute that distinguishes sounds of equal pitch, loudness and duration. it contributes to our perception and discrimination of different vowels and consonants in speech, instruments in music and environmental sounds. here we begin by reviewing human timbre perception and the spectral and temporal acoustic features that give rise to timbre in speech, musical and environmental sounds. we also consider the perception of timbre by animals, both in the case of human vowels and non-hu ... | 2013 | 24312021 |
| influence of mustelid scent-gland compounds on suppression of feeding by snowshoe hares (lepus americanus). | this study investigated the influence of mustelid anal-gland compounds in suppressing feeding by snowshoe hares on coniferous tree seedlings. pen and field bioassays indicated that 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane from the stoat (mustela erminea), and secondarily, 2,2-dimethylthietane from the mink (m. vison) had a very negative effect on feeding behavior of hares. the major component of stoat anal gland secretions, 2-propylthietane, and the related compounds, thietane and 2-methylthietane, were not effe ... | 1984 | 24318435 |
| single injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccines protect ferrets against lethal nipah virus disease. | nipah virus (niv) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic agent in the family paramyxoviridae that is maintained in nature by bats. outbreaks have occurred in malaysia, singapore, india, and bangladesh and have been associated with 40 to 75% case fatality rates. there are currently no vaccines or postexposure treatments licensed for combating human niv infection. | 2013 | 24330654 |
| molecular characterization of a novel hepatitis e virus (hev) strain obtained from a wild boar in japan that is highly divergent from the previously recognized hev strains. | although a consensus classification system for hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes is currently unavailable, hev variants (jboar135-shiz09 and wbjoy_06) from wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) have provisionally been classified into two novel genotypes (5 and 6). while performing a survey of hev infections among 566 wild boars that were captured in japan between january 2010 and august 2013, we found 24 boars (4.2%) with ongoing hev infections: 13 had genotype 3 hev, 10 had genotype 4 hev and the ... | 2014 | 24370869 |
| evaluation of three live attenuated h2 pandemic influenza vaccine candidates in mice and ferrets. | h2 influenza viruses have not circulated in humans since 1968, and therefore a significant portion of the population would be susceptible to infection should h2 influenza viruses reemerge. h2 influenza viruses continue to circulate in avian reservoirs worldwide, and these reservoirs are a potential source from which these viruses could emerge. three reassortant cold-adapted (ca) h2 pandemic influenza vaccine candidates with hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes derived from the wild-ty ... | 2014 | 24371061 |
| morbillivirus control of the interferon response: relevance of stat2 and mda5 but not stat1 for canine distemper virus virulence in ferrets. | the v proteins of paramyxoviruses control the innate immune response. in particular, the v protein of the genus morbillivirus interferes with the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (stat1), stat2, and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (mda5) signaling pathways. to characterize the contributions of these pathways to canine distemper virus (cdv) pathogenesis, we took advantage of the knowledge about the mechanisms of interaction between the measles virus v protein with ... | 2014 | 24371065 |
| h1n1, but not h3n2, influenza a virus infection protects ferrets from h5n1 encephalitis. | seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality because of efficient human-to-human spread. rarely, zoonotic strains of influenza virus spread to humans, where they have the potential to mediate new pandemics with high mortality. we studied systemic viral spread after intranasal infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (h5n1 [a/viet nam/1203/2004]) in ferrets with or without prior pandemic h1n1pdm09 (a/mexico/4108/2009) or h3n2 (a/victoria/361/2011) infection. after i ... | 2013 | 24371072 |
| corynebacterium ulcerans in ferrets. | 2014 | 24377676 | |
| feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins antagonize tetherin through a distinctive mechanism that requires virion incorporation. | bst2/tetherin inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from cells. primate lentiviruses have evolved specific antagonists (vpu, nef, and env). here we characterized tetherin proteins of species representing both branches of the order carnivora. comparison of tiger and cat (feliformia) to dog and ferret (caniformia) genes demonstrated that the tiger and cat share a start codon mutation that truncated most of the tetherin cytoplasmic tail early in the feliformia lineage (19 of 27 amino acids, inc ... | 2014 | 24390322 |
| a single amino acid in the stalk region of the h1n1pdm influenza virus ha protein affects viral fusion, stability and infectivity. | the 2009 h1n1 pandemic (h1n1pdm) viruses have evolved to contain an e47k substitution in the ha2 subunit of the stalk region of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein. the biological significance of this single amino acid change was investigated by comparing a/california/7/2009 (ha2-e47) with a later strain, a/brisbane/10/2010 (ha2-k47). the e47k change was found to reduce the threshold ph for membrane fusion from 5.4 to 5.0. an inter-monomer salt bridge between k47 in ha2 and e21 in ha1, a neighboring ... | 2014 | 24391498 |
| initiation of teeth from the dental lamina in the ferret. | mammalian tooth development is characterized by formation of primary teeth that belong to different tooth classes and are later replaced by a single set of permanent teeth. the first primary teeth are initiated from the primary dental lamina, and the replacement teeth from the successional dental lamina at the lingual side of the primary teeth. an interdental lamina connects the primary tooth germs together. most mammalian tooth development research is done on mouse, which does not have teeth in ... | 2014 | 24393477 |
| development of ferret as a human lung cancer model by injecting 4-(nmethyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk). | development of new animal lung cancer models that are relevant to human lung carcino-genesis is important for lung cancer research. previously we have shown the induction of lung tumor in ferrets (mustela putorius furo) exposed to both tobacco smoke and a tobacco carcinogen (4-(n-methyl-n-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, nnk). in the present study, we investigated whether nnk treatment alone induces both preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the lungs of ferrets. | 2013 | 24396883 |
| assessment of influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based immunity in ferrets. | therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that target the conserved stalk domain of the influenza virus hemagglutinin and stalk-based universal influenza virus vaccine strategies are being developed as promising countermeasures for influenza virus infections. the pan-h1-reactive monoclonal antibody 6f12 has been extensively characterized and shows broad efficacy against divergent h1n1 strains in the mouse model. here we demonstrate its efficacy against a pandemic h1n1 challenge virus in the ferret model ... | 2014 | 24403585 |