Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ophthalmic infections in children presenting to angkor hospital for children, siem reap, cambodia. | ophthalmic infections cause significant morbidity in cambodian children but aetiologic data are scarce. we investigated the causes of acute eye infections in 54 children presenting to the ophthalmology clinic at angkor hospital for children, siem reap between march and october 2012. | 2014 | 25369774 |
| from microbial gene essentiality to novel antimicrobial drug targets. | bacterial respiratory tract infections, mainly caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are among the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. increased resistance of these pathogens to existing antibiotics necessitates the search for novel targets to develop potent antimicrobials. | 2014 | 25373505 |
| the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis among patients with acute conjunctivitis in kasr alainy ophthalmology clinic. | trachoma is a leading cause of avoidable blindness and endemic conjunctivitis in 57 countries. it infects approximately 84 million people globally, and continues to threaten over 10% of the world's population with the risk of blindness. | 2014 | 25374648 |
| study of drug utilization pattern for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients attending a government hospital in kerala, india. | drug utilization studies are powerful exploratory tools to ascertain the role of drugs in society. this study was conducted to establish the drug utilization pattern and the common adverse drug reactions for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in one of the government hospitals in kerala, india. | 2014 | 25374864 |
| oxidative stress and free radicals in copd--implications and relevance for treatment. | oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and other reactive species overwhelm the availability of antioxidants. reactive oxygen species (ros), reactive nitrogen species, and their counterpart antioxidant agents are essential for physiological signaling and host defense, as well as for the evolution and persistence of inflammation. when their normal steady state is disturbed, imbalances between oxidants and antioxidants may provoke pathological reactions causing a range of nonrespiratory and re ... | 2014 | 25378921 |
| icon: chronic rhinosinusitis. | chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is a public health problem that has a significant socio-economic impact. moreover, the complexity of this disease due to its heterogeneous nature based on the underlying pathophysiology - leading to different disease variants - further complicates our understanding and directions for the most appropriate targeted treatment strategies. several international/national guidelines/position papers and/or consensus documents are available that present the current knowledge ... | 2014 | 25379119 |
| entericidin is required for a probiotic treatment (enterobacter sp. strain c6-6) to protect trout from cold-water disease challenge. | flavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial cold-water disease in multiple fish species, including salmonids. an autochthonous enterobacter strain (c6-6) inhibits the in vitro growth of f. psychrophilum, and when ingested as a putative probiotic, it provides protection against injection challenge with f. psychrophilum in rainbow trout. in this study, low-molecular-mass (≤3 kda) fractions from both enterobacter c6-6 and escherichia coli k-12 culture supernatants inhibited the growth of f. psych ... | 2015 | 25381243 |
| molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common cause of respiratory infections in adults, who are frequently treated with fluoroquinolones. the aims of this study were to characterize the genotypes of fluoroquinolone-resistant nthi isolates and their mechanisms of resistance. among 7,267 h. influenzae isolates collected from adult patients from 2000 to 2013, 28 (0.39%) were ciprofloxacin resistant according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) criteria. in addition, a nal ... | 2014 | 25385097 |
| molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common cause of respiratory infections in adults, who are frequently treated with fluoroquinolones. the aims of this study were to characterize the genotypes of fluoroquinolone-resistant nthi isolates and their mechanisms of resistance. among 7,267 h. influenzae isolates collected from adult patients from 2000 to 2013, 28 (0.39%) were ciprofloxacin resistant according to clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) criteria. in addition, a nal ... | 2014 | 25385097 |
| cilia dysfunction in lung disease. | a characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide atp-driven motility. in the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate the critical function of mucociliary clearance, cleansing the airways of inhaled particles and pathogens. the prototypical disorder of respiratory cilia is primary ciliary dyskinesia, ... | 2014 | 25386990 |
| cilia dysfunction in lung disease. | a characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide atp-driven motility. in the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate the critical function of mucociliary clearance, cleansing the airways of inhaled particles and pathogens. the prototypical disorder of respiratory cilia is primary ciliary dyskinesia, ... | 2014 | 25386990 |
| otitis media in sperm-associated antigen 6 (spag6)-deficient mice. | mammalian spag6 protein is localized to the axoneme central apparatus, and it is required for normal flagella and cilia motility. recent studies demonstrated that the protein also regulates ciliogenesis and cilia polarity in the epithelial cells of brain ventricles and trachea. motile cilia are also present in the epithelial cells of the middle ear and eustachian tubes, where the ciliary system participates in the movement of serous fluid and mucus in the middle ear. cilia defects are associated ... | 2014 | 25393619 |
| detection of pneumonia associated pathogens using a prototype multiplexed pneumonia test in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia. | severe pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been shown to be more sensitive than current standard microbiological methods--particularly in patients with prior antibiotic treatment--and therefore, may improve the accuracy of microbiological diagnosis for hospitalized patients with pneumonia. conventional detection techniques and multiplex pcr for 14 typical bacterial pneumonia-associated pathogens were performed on respiratory sample ... | 2014 | 25397673 |
| analysis of the bacterial community in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease sputum samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time pcr. | the global initiative defines copd for chronic obstructive lung disease as an entirely preventable and treatable disease characterized by sputum production, bacterial colonisation, neutrophilic bronchial airway inflammation and poor health status. the world health organization (who) estimates that copd will become the fourth-most common cause of death worldwide, just behind ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and hiv/aids, by 2030. the aim of this study was to determine the main stru ... | 2014 | 25403149 |
| qdnamod: a statistical model-based tool to reveal intercellular heterogeneity of dna modification from smrt sequencing data. | in an isogenic cell population, phenotypic heterogeneity among individual cells is common and critical for survival of the population under different environment conditions. dna modification is an important epigenetic factor that can regulate phenotypic heterogeneity. the single molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing technology provides a unique platform for detecting a wide range of dna modifications, including n6-methyladenine (6-ma), n4-methylcytosine (4-mc) and 5-methylcytosine (5-mc). here we ... | 2014 | 25404133 |
| is there still room for novel viral pathogens in pediatric respiratory tract infections? | viruses are the most frequent cause of respiratory disease in children. however, despite the advanced diagnostic methods currently in use, in 20 to 50% of respiratory samples a specific pathogen cannot be detected. in this work, we used a metagenomic approach and deep sequencing to examine respiratory samples from children with lower and upper respiratory tract infections that had been previously found negative for 6 bacteria and 15 respiratory viruses by pcr. nasal washings from 25 children (ou ... | 2014 | 25412469 |
| limits for antibiotic treatment set too narrow. | 2014 | 25412636 | |
| population based cohort study for pediatric infectious diseases research in vietnam. | a population-based cohort study on pediatric infectious diseases was established at khanh hoa province, central vietnam in 2006, to determine the etiology and risk factors for severe pediatric infectious diseases (spid) such as acute respiratory infection (ari), diarrhea and dengue which are the major causes of under 5 mortality. a population census survey was conducted in nha-trang and ninh-hoa to collect demographic, social-behavioral data and disease burden on spid. the study site covered a p ... | 2014 | 25425951 |
| an update on the use of immunoglobulin for the treatment of immunodeficiency disorders. | for patients with significant antibody deficiencies, immunoglobulin therapy is the mainstay of treatment as it significantly reduces both the frequency and severity of infections. the formulations and delivery methods of immunoglobulin have evolved over time, and continued improvements have allowed for increased access to this effective medication. this review is an update on the current status of immunoglobulin therapy in immunodeficiency disorders, and discusses the mechanisms, forms and dosin ... | 2014 | 25428649 |
| cephalosporinases associated with outer membrane vesicles released by bacteroides spp. protect gut pathogens and commensals against β-lactam antibiotics. | to identify β-lactamase genes in gut commensal bacteroides species and to assess the impact of these enzymes, when carried by outer membrane vesicles (omvs), in protecting enteric pathogens and commensals. | 2014 | 25433011 |
| cephalosporinases associated with outer membrane vesicles released by bacteroides spp. protect gut pathogens and commensals against β-lactam antibiotics. | to identify β-lactamase genes in gut commensal bacteroides species and to assess the impact of these enzymes, when carried by outer membrane vesicles (omvs), in protecting enteric pathogens and commensals. | 2014 | 25433011 |
| real-time comparative evaluation of biomerieux vitek ms versus bruker microflex ms, two matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry systems, for identification of clinically significant bacteria. | matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) recently became available for the identification of bacteria in routine diagnostic laboratories. it is rapid and cost-effective and likely to replace phenotypic identification. this study was undertaken to compare two maldi-tof ms-based, bruker microflex ms (bms) and vitek ms (vms) systems, for identification (id) of clinically significant bacterial isolates. clinically relevant broad diversity of bacteri ... | 2014 | 25433488 |
| from in vitro to in vivo models of bacterial biofilm-related infections. | the influence of microorganisms growing as sessile communities in a large number of human infections has been extensively studied and recognized for 30-40 years, therefore warranting intense scientific and medical research. nonetheless, mimicking the biofilm-life style of bacteria and biofilm-related infections has been an arduous task. models used to study biofilms range from simple in vitro to complex in vivo models of tissues or device-related infections. these different models have progressi ... | 2013 | 25437038 |
| maternal immunization with pneumococcal 9-valent conjugate vaccine and early infant otitis media. | a randomized trial of an investigational 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv-9) or placebo given to pregnant women during the last trimester to prevent early infant otitis media (om) was conducted. all infants received prevnar(®) at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. clinic and adverse event records were reviewed to identify om. variables significantly related to acute om by age 6 months (p<0.05) were: vaccine group (9 valent or placebo), sibling history of tympanostomy tubes, upper respiratory in ... | 2014 | 25444821 |
| analysis of the bacterial flora in the nasal cavity and the sphenoid sinus mucosa in patients operated on with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. | the aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial flora in the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus and evaluate the sensitivity of these bacteria to antibiotics that can be used to prevent postoperative meningitis. bacteria of the preoperative nasal cavity and intraoperative sphenoid sinus mucosa were cultured and analyzed in 40 patients (20 men and 20 women; mean age, 52.2 years) who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. the sensitivity of these bacteria to cephalosporin, a representative ... | 2014 | 25446386 |
| role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of otitis media. | otitis media (om) is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. it is the leading cause of hearing loss and represents a significant healthcare burden. in some cases, acute om progresses to chronic suppurative om (csom), characterized by effusion and discharge, despite antimicrobial therapy. the emergence of antibiotic resistance and potential ototoxicity of antibiotics has created an urgent need to design non-conventional therapeutic strategies against om based on moder ... | 2014 | 25447732 |
| impact of poor compliance with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on respiratory tract infection antimicrobial efficacy: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulation study. | the purpose of this report was to assess the impact of poor compliance on the efficacy of levofloxacin (lfx) and moxifloxacin (mox), two fluoroquinolones with different pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) properties, in respiratory infections. the fauc0-24h and fauc0-24h/mic90 ratio, a pk/pd index predictive of bacterial eradication, were extracted from previously described population pk models for lfx and mox. the mic90 was according to eucast. monte carlo simulations were used with l ... | 2015 | 25450804 |
| [management of copd exacerbations: from primary care to hospitalization]. | the société de pneumologie de langue française defines acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae copd) as an increase in daily respiratory symptoms, basically duration ≥ 48h or need for treatment adjustment. etiology of ea copd are mainly infectious, viral (rhinovirus, influenzae or parainfluenzae virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial (haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, or moraxella catarrhalis). pollutant exposure can a ... | 2014 | 25451635 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationship of amidine derivatives of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene as novel antibacterial agents. | current antibacterial chemotherapeutics are facing an alarming increase in bacterial resistance pressuring the search for novel agents that would expand the available therapeutic arsenal against resistant bacterial pathogens. in line with these efforts, a series of 9 amidine derivatives of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene were synthesized and, together with 18 previously synthesized analogs, evaluated for their relative dna binding affinity, in vitro antibacterial activities and preliminary in vitro s ... | 2015 | 25461312 |
| environmental sampling for respiratory pathogens in jeddah airport during the 2013 hajj season. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are common during the hajj season and are caused by a variety of organisms, which can be transmitted via the air or contaminated surfaces. we conducted a study aimed at sampling the environment in the king abdul aziz international (kaai) airport, pilgrims city, jeddah, during hajj season to detect respiratory pathogens. | 2014 | 25465254 |
| pandemic 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus infection in cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; a multicenter observational study. | during march 2009 a novel influenza a virus emerged in mexico. we describe the clinical picture of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) influenza in cancer patients during the 2009 influenza season. | 2014 | 25469231 |
| pandemic 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus infection in cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; a multicenter observational study. | during march 2009 a novel influenza a virus emerged in mexico. we describe the clinical picture of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) influenza in cancer patients during the 2009 influenza season. | 2014 | 25469231 |
| diffuse panbronchiolitis in an australian aborigine. | diffuse panbronchiolitis (dpb) is a chronic sino-bronchial disease. it has remained restricted to the japanese and cases in the west are unusual. we present a patient of australian aboriginal origin with dpb. the known efficacy of low-dose erythromycin in dpb is again described. chronic respiratory disease is common in the australian aboriginal population and dpb should be considered in the differential. | 2014 | 25473569 |
| host-to-host variation of ecological interactions in polymicrobial infections. | host-to-host variability with respect to interactions between microorganisms and multicellular hosts are commonly observed in infection and in homeostasis. however, the majority of mechanistic models used to analyze host-microorganism relationships, as well as most of the ecological theories proposed to explain coevolution of hosts and microbes, are based on averages across a host population. by assuming that observed variations are random and independent, these models overlook the role of diffe ... | 2014 | 25473880 |
| correlation of nasopharyngeal cultures prior to and at onset of acute otitis media with middle ear fluid cultures. | we sought to determine if nasopharyngeal (np) cultures taken at times of healthy visits or at onset of acute otitis media (aom) could predict the otopathogen mix and antibiotic-susceptibility of middle ear isolates as determined by middle ear fluid (mef) cultures obtained by tympanocentesis. | 2014 | 25475135 |
| prevalence and risk factors for chronic co-infection in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease are often co-infected with various pathogenic microorganisms. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection with non-mac pathogens and the risk factors associated with co-infection in patients with pulmonary mac disease. | 2014 | 25478192 |
| targeting pro-resolution pathways to combat chronic inflammation in copd. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is an inflammatory lung condition that is associated with irreversible airflow obstruction as a consequence of small airways disease, excessive mucus production and emphysema. paradoxically, excessive inflammation fails to control microbial pathogens that not only colonise copd airways, but also trigger acute exacerbations, which markedly increase inflammation underlying host tissue damage. excessive production of leukocyte mobilising cytokines such a ... | 2014 | 25478196 |
| genetic analysis of a pediatric clinical isolate of moraxella catarrhalis with resistance to macrolides and quinolones. | during the surveillance conducted in 2012 by the drug-resistant pathogen surveillance group in pediatric infectious disease, we isolated a strain of moraxella catarrhalis that demonstrated resistance to both macrolides and quinolones from a male pediatric patient aged 1.5 years who had developed acute bronchitis. then we evaluated the susceptibility of this strain to different types of antibacterial agents and conducted a genetic analysis. the results of the susceptibility evaluation showed that ... | 2015 | 25481761 |
| immunization with lipopolysaccharide-deficient whole cells provides protective immunity in an experimental mouse model of acinetobacter baumannii infection. | the increasing clinical importance of infections caused by multidrug resistant acinetobacter baumannii warrants the development of novel approaches for prevention and treatment. in this context, vaccination of certain patient populations may contribute to reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by this pathogen. vaccines against gram-negative bacteria based on inactivated bacterial cells are highly immunogenic and have been shown to produce protective immunity against a number of bacterial s ... | 2014 | 25485716 |
| microbiome changes in healthy volunteers treated with gsk1322322, a novel antibiotic targeting bacterial peptide deformylase. | gsk1322322 is a novel antibacterial agent under development, and it has known antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant respiratory and skin pathogens through its inhibition of the bacterial peptide deformylase. here, we used next-generation sequencing (ngs) of the bacterial 16s rrna genes from stool samples collected from 61 healthy volunteers at the predosing and end-of-study time points to determine the effects of gsk1322322 on the gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota in a phase i, ran ... | 2015 | 25487798 |
| clinical features of childhood primary ciliary dyskinesia by genotype and ultrastructural phenotype. | the relationship between clinical phenotype of childhood primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) and ultrastructural defects and genotype is poorly defined. | 2015 | 25493340 |
| chemical composition and biological activity of rubus idaeus shoots--a traditional herbal remedy of eastern europe. | the young shoots of rubus idaeus are traditionally used as a herbal remedy in common cold, fever and flu-like infections yet there is no research concerning this plant material. the aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological properties of raspberry shoots from 11 cultivar varieties. | 2014 | 25496130 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage in children with early onset of acute otitis media - a randomized controlled trial. | although children vaccinated with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) had fewer episodes of acute otitis media (aom), this trial was unable to prove a simultaneous decrease in nasopharyngeal carriage. | 2015 | 25496176 |
| effect of a fever control protocol-based strategy on ventilator-associated pneumonia in severely brain-injured patients. | fever is associated with a poor outcome in severely brain-injured patients, and its control is one of the therapies used in this condition. but, fever suppression may promote infection, and severely brain-injured patients are frequently exposed to infectious diseases, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). therefore, we designed a study to explore the role of a fever control protocol in vap development during neuro-intensive care. | 2014 | 25498970 |
| no direct association between asthma and the microbiome based on currently available techniques. | current uses of culture-independent tools in previous studies have shown a significant relationship between microbiota and asthma. although these studies are relatively new, there is also evidence of the possibility of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of asthma. this article retrospectively examines the possible association between microorganisms and asthma. data on all patients with different types of asthma were collected from hospital charts from the department of in ... | 2014 | 25501073 |
| importance of viruses in acute otitis media. | acute otitis media occurs as a complication of viral upper respiratory tract infection. bacterial otopathogens and respiratory viruses interact and play important roles in acute otitis media development. a better understanding of viral and bacterial interactions may lead to innovative ways to lessen the burden of this common childhood disease. | 2015 | 25514574 |
| ceftolozane/tazobactam: a new option in the treatment of complicated gram-negative infections. | ceftolozane/tazobactam: a new option in the treatment of complicated gram-negative infections. | 2014 | 25516692 |
| first report on prevalence and risk factors of severe atypical pneumonia in vietnamese children aged 1-15 years. | atypical pathogens such as mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila are increasingly recognized as important causes of community acquired pneumonia (cap) worldwide. such etiological data for vietnam is scarce and clinical doctors lack accurate information on which to base their diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia. this study identifies the prevalence and risk factors of severe community acquired pneumonia due to these atypical pathogens (severe-apcap) in child ... | 2014 | 25524126 |
| the microbial community of the cystic fibrosis airway is disrupted in early life. | molecular techniques have uncovered vast numbers of organisms in the cystic fibrosis (cf) airways, the clinical significance of which is yet to be determined. the aim of this study was to describe and compare the microbial communities of the lower airway of clinically stable children with cf and children without cf. | 2014 | 25526264 |
| predictors of viral pneumonia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | viruses are increasingly recognized as major causes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). few studies have investigated the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia, and the results have been inconsistent. in this study, the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia were investigated in terms of their utility as indicators for viral pneumonia in patients with cap. | 2014 | 25531901 |
| efficacy and safety of intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin 3 g 4 times daily in japanese adults with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study. | although sulbactam/ampicillin (sbt/abpc) 3 g 4 times daily (qid) is widely used worldwide for patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap), the 3 g qid regimen was not available in japan. in fact, there has been no evidence from a formal clinical study regarding the efficacy and safety of sbt/abpc 3 g qid in these patients. we report the first results of a multicenter, unblinded, non-comparative, phase 3 study of sbt/abpc 3 g qid in japanese adults with moderate to severe ... | 2015 | 25533886 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple-dose intravenous nemonoxacin in healthy chinese volunteers. | this study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of nemonoxacin in healthy chinese volunteers following multiple-dose intravenous infusion once daily for 10 consecutive days. the study was composed of two stages. in the open-label stage, 500 mg or 750 mg of nemonoxacin (n = 12 each) was administered at an infusion rate of 5.56 mg/min. in the second stage, with a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, 500, 650, or 750 mg of nemonoxacin (n = 16 in each cohor ... | 2015 | 25534726 |
| correlation between sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures. | a correlation study of the cultured bacteria from paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples was performed. the rates of concordant culture-positive paired specimens that were isolated within 1 or 7 days were 93.7% and 96.5%, respectively, suggesting that the culture of readily collectable sputum specimens may result in useful microbiologic diagnosis. | 2014 | 25540405 |
| correlation between sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cultures. | a correlation study of the cultured bacteria from paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples was performed. the rates of concordant culture-positive paired specimens that were isolated within 1 or 7 days were 93.7% and 96.5%, respectively, suggesting that the culture of readily collectable sputum specimens may result in useful microbiologic diagnosis. | 2014 | 25540405 |
| subclinical infection and dosing in primary immunodeficiencies. | 2014 | 25546767 | |
| non-transpeptidase binding arylthioether β-lactams active against mycobacterium tuberculosis and moraxella catarrhalis. | the prevalence of drug resistance in both clinical and community settings as a consequence of alterations of biosynthetic pathways, enzymes or cell wall architecture is a persistent threat to human health. we have designed, synthesized, and tested a novel class of non-transpeptidase, β-lactamase resistant monocyclic β-lactams that carry an arylthio group at c4. these thioethers exhibit inhibitory and cidal activity against serine β-lactamase producing mycobacterium tuberculosis wild type strain ... | 2015 | 25549898 |
| cardiovascular events and safety outcomes associated with azithromycin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | azithromycin has been used for many years for the treatment of patients with various types of bacterial infections, as well as for the secondary prevention of coronary events. there is a growing concern, however, that azithromycin may be associated with an increased cardiovascular (cv) risk and may lead to cv-related death in high-risk patients. | 2014 | 25558301 |
| clinical importance and epidemiology of quinolone resistance. | the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents is one of most widely used classes of antimicrobial agents in outpatient and inpatient treatment. however, quinolone resistance in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria has emerged and increased globally. this resistance limits the usefulness of quinolones in clinical practice. the review summarizes mechanisms of quinolone resistance and its epidemiology and implications in the most common clinical settings, urinary tract infections, respiratory tra ... | 2014 | 25566402 |
| the microbiome in asthma. | the application of recently developed sensitive, specific, culture-independent tools for identification of microbes is transforming concepts of microbial ecology, including concepts of the relationships between the vast complex populations of microbes associated with ourselves and with states of health and disease. although most work initially focused on the community of microbes (microbiome) in the gastrointestinal tract and its relationship to gastrointestinal disease, interest has expanded to ... | 2015 | 25567040 |
| kingella kingae: carriage, transmission, and disease. | kingella kingae is a common etiology of pediatric bacteremia and the leading agent of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children aged 6 to 36 months. this gram-negative bacterium is carried asymptomatically in the oropharynx and disseminates by close interpersonal contact. the colonized epithelium is the source of bloodstream invasion and dissemination to distant sites, and certain clones show significant association with bacteremia, osteoarthritis, or endocarditis. kingella kingae produces ... | 2015 | 25567222 |
| validation of a new aspergillus real-time pcr assay for direct detection of aspergillus and azole resistance of aspergillus fumigatus on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is increasingly reported. here, we describe the validation of the aspergenius, a new multiplex real-time pcr assay consisting of two multiplex real-time pcrs, one that identifies the clinically relevant aspergillus species, and one that detects the tr34, l98h, t289a, and y121f mutations in cyp51a and differentiates susceptible from resistant a. fumigatus strains. the diagnostic performance of the aspergenius assay was tested on 37 bronchoalveolar lavage ... | 2015 | 25568431 |
| pneumonia as the most common lower respiratory tract infection. | pneumonia is the most serious inflammatory disease of the respiratory system and also the most common infectious disease. even now, in the 21(st) century, pneumonia occupies a prominent place in clinical medicine and public health. we are confronted daily with the increased number of patients, as well as the constant increase in annual mortality due to this infectious disease. | 2013 | 25568518 |
| diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage in leukemic and bone marrow transplant patients: the impact of antimicrobial therapy. | there is significant morbidity and mortality from pneumonia in leukemic and bone marrow transplant patients. we sought to explore the diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in these patients with new pulmonary infiltrates. a retrospective chart review of approximately 200 non- human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) leukemic and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) patients who underwent bronchoscopy at a single academic cancer center was performed. antimicrobial use for less than ... | 2015 | 25574361 |
| culture and molecular-based profiles show shifts in bacterial communities of the upper respiratory tract that occur with age. | the upper respiratory tract (urt) is a crucial site for host defense, as it is home to bacterial communities that both modulate host immune defense and serve as a reservoir of potential pathogens. young children are at high risk of respiratory illness, yet the composition of their urt microbiota is not well understood. microbial profiling of the respiratory tract has traditionally focused on culturing common respiratory pathogens, whereas recent culture-independent microbiome profiling can only ... | 2015 | 25575312 |
| normal bacterial conjunctival flora in the huacaya alpaca (vicugna pacos). | to describe the bacterial flora of the normal conjunctiva of huacaya alpacas (vicugna pacos) and to determine the effect of age and gender on this flora. | 2016 | 25581469 |
| moraxella catarrhalis acrab-oprm efflux pump contributes to antimicrobial resistance and is enhanced during cold shock response. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common pathogen of the human respiratory tract. multidrug efflux pumps play a major role in antibiotic resistance and virulence in many gram-negative organisms. in the present study, the role of the acrab-oprm efflux pump in antibiotic resistance was investigated by constructing mutants that lack the acra, acrb, and oprm genes in m. catarrhalis strain o35e. we observed a moderate (1.5-fold) decrease in the mics of amoxicillin and cefotaxime and a marked (4.7-fold) decr ... | 2015 | 25583725 |
| diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in child. | diseases of the pediatric nose and nasal sinuses as well as neighboring anatomical structures encompass a variety of pathologies, especially of inflammatory nature. congenital disease, such as malformations and structural deviations of the nasal septum, as well as systemic metabolic pathologies affecting the nose and sinuses, rarely require medical therapy from an otolaryngologist. the immunological function of the mucosa and genetic factors play a role in the development of disease in the pedia ... | 2014 | 25587370 |
| diseases of the middle ear in childhood. | middle ear diseases in childhood play an important role in daily ent practice due to their high incidence. some of these like acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion have been studied extensively within the last decades. in this article, we present a selection of important childhood middle ear diseases and discuss the actual literature concerning their treatment, management of complications and outcome. another main topic of this paper deals with the possibilities of surgical hearing re ... | 2014 | 25587371 |
| contribution of the bact/alert mb mycobacterium bottle to bloodstream infection surveillance in thailand: added yield for burkholderia pseudomallei. | community-acquired bloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, but microbiology capacity and surveillance limitations have challenged good descriptions of pathogen distribution in many regions, including southeast asia. active surveillance for bloodstream infections has been conducted in two rural thailand provinces for >7 years. blood specimens were divided into two culture bottles, one optimized for aerobic growth (f bottle) and a second for enhanced growth of m ... | 2015 | 25588650 |
| bilateral conjunctivitis in a returned traveller. | 2015 | 25590460 | |
| etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of middle ear fluid pathogens in costa rican children with otitis media before and after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the national immunization program: acute otitis media microbiology in costa rican children. | acute otitis media (aom) microbiology was evaluated in children after 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) introduction in costa rica (private sector, 2004; national immunization program, 2009). this was a combined prospective and retrospective study conducted in a routine clinical setting in san josé, costa rica. in the prospective part of the study, which was conducted post-pcv7 introduction (2010-2012), standard bacteriological procedures were used to evaluate the etiology and serot ... | 2015 | 25590837 |
| nasal carriage and resistance pattern of multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus among healthy children in kashan, iran. | nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus is a substantial source of human infections. detection and treatment of nasal carriage in children with methicillin-resistant and multidrug resistant s. aureus (mrsa and mdrsa, respectively) may be an important modality in prevention of infections. | 2014 | 25593734 |
| enhanced mucosal antibody production and protection against respiratory infections following an orally administered bacterial extract. | secondary bacterial infections following influenza infection are a pressing problem facing respiratory medicine. although antibiotic treatment has been highly successful over recent decades, fatalities due to secondary bacterial infections remain one of the leading causes of death associated with influenza. we have assessed whether administration of a bacterial extract alone is sufficient to potentiate immune responses and protect against primary infection with influenza, and secondary infection ... | 2014 | 25593914 |
| high throughput screen identifies natural product inhibitor of phenylalanyl-trna synthetase from pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pneumoniae. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pneumoniae are causative agents in a wide range of infections. genes encoding proteins corresponding to phenylalanyl-trna synthetase (phers) were cloned from both bacteria. the two forms of phers were kinetically evaluated and the k(m)'s for p. aeruginosa phers with its three substrates, phenylalanine, atp and trna(phe) were determined to be 48, 200, and 1.2 µm, respectively, while the k(m)'s for s. pneumoniae phers with respect to phenylalanine, atp and ... | 2015 | 25601215 |
| comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses of gammaproteobacterial glg genes traced the origin of the escherichia coli glycogen glgbxcap operon to the last common ancestor of the sister orders enterobacteriales and pasteurellales. | production of branched α-glucan, glycogen-like polymers is widely spread in the bacteria domain. the glycogen pathway of synthesis and degradation has been fairly well characterized in the model enterobacterial species escherichia coli (order enterobacteriales, class gammaproteobacteria), in which the cognate genes (branching enzyme glgb, debranching enzyme glgx, adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase glgc, glycogen synthase glga, and glycogen phosphorylase glgp) are clustered in a glgbxcap operon arrang ... | 2015 | 25607991 |
| endophthalmitis: state of the art. | endophthalmitis is an uncommon diagnosis but can have devastating visual outcomes. endophthalmitis may be endogenous or exogenous. exogenous endophthalmitis is caused by introduction of pathogens through mechanisms such as ocular surgery, open-globe trauma, and intravitreal injections. endogenous endophthalmitis occurs as a result of hematogenous spread of bacteria or fungi into the eye. these categories of endophthalmitis have different risk factors and causative pathogens, and thus require dif ... | 2015 | 25609911 |
| diagnosis and management of primary ciliary dyskinesia. | primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with defective structure and/or function of motile cilia/flagella, causing chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections, fertility problems, and disorders of organ laterality. diagnosing pcd requires a combined approach utilizing characteristic phenotypes and complementary methods for detection of defects of ciliary function and ultrastructure, measurement of nasal nitric oxide and genetic testing. currently, biallel ... | 2015 | 25610612 |
| the extracellular rna complement of escherichia coli. | the secretion of biomolecules into the extracellular milieu is a common and well-conserved phenomenon in biology. in bacteria, secreted biomolecules are not only involved in intra-species communication but they also play roles in inter-kingdom exchanges and pathogenicity. to date, released products, such as small molecules, dna, peptides, and proteins, have been well studied in bacteria. however, the bacterial extracellular rna complement has so far not been comprehensively characterized. here, ... | 2015 | 25611733 |
| do orally administered antibiotics reach concentrations in the middle ear sufficient to eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria? a review. | infectious conditions of the middle ear are a common and significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. systemic antibiotics are frequently used, but their effectiveness will depend on whether an adequate antibiotic concentration is achieved in the middle ear; this is especially important in biofilm infections such as otitis media with effusion (ome), where high antibiotic concentrations are typically required for effective treatment. | 2015 | 25623134 |
| aetiology of acute lower respiratory infections among children under five years in accra, ghana. | the study aimed to investigate the aetiological agents and clinical presentations associated with acute lower respiratory infections (alri) among children under five years old at the korle-bu teaching hospital in ghana. this was a cross-sectional study carried from february to december 2001. nasopharyngeal aspirates and venous blood specimens obtained from 108 children with features suggestive of alri, were cultured and the isolated bacterial organisms were identified biochemically. nasopharynge ... | 2015 | 25629622 |
| superiority of transcriptional profiling over procalcitonin for distinguishing bacterial from viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults. | distinguishing between bacterial and viral lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) remains challenging. transcriptional profiling is a promising tool for improving diagnosis in lrti. | 2015 | 25637350 |
| multi-serotype pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence in vaccine naïve nepalese children, assessed using molecular serotyping. | invasive pneumococcal disease is one of the major causes of death in young children in resource poor countries. nasopharyngeal carriage studies provide insight into the local prevalence of circulating pneumococcal serotypes. there are very few data on the concurrent carriage of multiple pneumococcal serotypes. this study aimed to identify the prevalence and serotype distribution of pneumococci carried in the nasopharynx of young healthy nepalese children prior to the introduction of a pneumococc ... | 2015 | 25643355 |
| pyridodiazepine amines are selective therapeutic agents for helicobacter pylori by suppressing growth through inhibition of glutamate racemase but are predicted to require continuous elevated levels in plasma to achieve clinical efficacy. | a pyridodiazepine amine inhibitor of helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase (muri) was characterized. the compound was selectively active against h. pylori, and growth suppression was shown to be mediated through the inhibition of muri by several methods. in killing kinetics experiments, the compound showed concentration-independent activity, with about a 2-log loss of viability in 24 h. a demonstration of efficacy in a mouse infection model was attempted but not achieved, and this was attribute ... | 2015 | 25645840 |
| ceftaroline activity against bacterial pathogens frequently isolated in u.s. medical centers: results from five years of the aware surveillance program. | a total of 84,704 isolates were collected from 191 medical centers in 2009 to 2013 and tested for susceptibility to ceftaroline and comparator agents by broth microdilution methods. ceftaroline inhibited all staphylococcus aureus isolates at ≤2 μg/ml and was very active against methicillin-resistant strains (mic at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [mic90], 1 μg/ml; 97.6% susceptible). among streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, the highest ceftaroline mic was 0.5 μg/ml, and ceftarolin ... | 2015 | 25645844 |
| higher levels of mucosal antibody to pneumococcal vaccine candidate proteins are associated with reduced acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pneumoniae in young children. | mucosal immunity has a crucial role in controlling human respiratory tract infections. this study characterizes the naturally acquired mucosal antibody levels to three streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) protein antigens, pneumococcal histidine triad protein d (phtd), pneumococcal choline binding protein a (pcpa), and pneumolysin (ply), and assesses the association of the mucosal antibody levels with occurrence of acute otitis media (aom) caused by spn. both nasopharyngeal (np) immunoglobulin g (igg) ... | 2015 | 25648056 |
| genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria. | initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ... | 2015 | 25653643 |
| genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria. | initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ... | 2015 | 25653643 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors involved in subversion of leukocytes and microbial dysbiosis. | the oral bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis has special nutrient requirements due to its asaccharolytic nature subsisting on small peptides cleaved from host proteins. using proteases and other virulence factors, p. gingivalis thrives as a component of a polymicrobial community in nutritionally favorable inflammatory environments. in this regard, p. gingivalis has a number of strategies that subvert the host immune response in ways that promote its colonization and facilitate the outgrowth of th ... | 2015 | 25654623 |
| mortality in healthcare-associated pneumonia in a low resistance setting: a prospective observational study. | the classification of pneumonia as community-acquired pneumonia (cap) or healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) has implications for selection of initial antimicrobial therapy. hcap has been associated with an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) pathogens and with high mortality leading to recommendations for broad empiric therapy. | 2015 | 25664503 |
| ligand-bound structures of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate phosphatase from moraxella catarrhalis reveal a water channel connecting to the active site for the second step of catalysis. | kdsc, the third enzyme of the 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes a substrate-specific reaction to hydrolyze 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate to generate a molecule of kdo and phosphate. kdsc is a phosphatase that belongs to the c0 subfamily of the had superfamily. to understand the molecular basis for the substrate specificity of this tetrameric enzyme, the crystal structures of kdsc from moraxella catarrhalis (mc-kdsc) with several combinations of lig ... | 2015 | 25664734 |
| aetiological agents of ear discharge: a two year review in a teaching hospital in ghana. | the discharging ear is a common presentation in medical practice affecting all age groups but primarily children. this study shows the current aetiological causes of ear discharge and their antibiograms, data which would guide empirical treatment of ear infections, and also form a basis for further research. | 2014 | 25667556 |
| the host immune dynamics of pneumococcal colonization: implications for novel vaccine development. | the human nasopharynx (np) microbiota is complex and diverse and streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a frequent member. in the first few years of life, children experience maturation of their immune system thereby conferring homeostatic balance in which pneumococci are typically rendered as harmless colonizers in the upper respiratory environment. pneumococcal carriage declines in many children before they acquire capsular-specific antibodies, suggesting a capsule antibody-independent mec ... | 2014 | 25668673 |
| the host immune dynamics of pneumococcal colonization: implications for novel vaccine development. | the human nasopharynx (np) microbiota is complex and diverse and streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a frequent member. in the first few years of life, children experience maturation of their immune system thereby conferring homeostatic balance in which pneumococci are typically rendered as harmless colonizers in the upper respiratory environment. pneumococcal carriage declines in many children before they acquire capsular-specific antibodies, suggesting a capsule antibody-independent mec ... | 2014 | 25668673 |
| the relationship of c-reactive protein levels and positive culture with quality of life in acute rhinosinusitis. | acute rhinosinusitis (ars) has been shown to significantly reduce patient quality of life (qol). while the qol in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis has been the subject of intensive research over the last decade, studies measuring the impact of ars on patient qol have remained relatively scarce. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the qol and parameters suggestive of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (c-reactive protein [crp] levels and positive culture) and to see if ... | 2015 | 25670887 |
| the adult nasopharyngeal microbiome as a determinant of pneumococcal acquisition. | several cohort studies have indicated associations between s. pneumoniae and other microbes in the nasopharynx. to study causal relationships between the nasopharyngeal microbiome and pneumococcal carriage, we employed an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. healthy adult volunteers were assessed for pneumococcal carriage by culture of nasal wash samples (nws). those without natural pneumococcal carriage received an intranasal pneumococcal inoculation with serotype 6b or 23f. the comp ... | 2014 | 25671106 |
| the influence of different fever definitions on the rate of fever in neutropenia diagnosed in children with cancer. | the temperature limit defining fever (tldf) is based on scarce evidence. this study aimed to determine the rate of fever in neutropenia (fn) episodes additionally diagnosed by lower versus standard tldf. | 2015 | 25671574 |
| synchrony in serum antibody response to conserved proteins of streptococcus pneumoniae in young children. | conserved streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) proteins are currently under investigation as vaccine candidates. we recently identified a subset of children prone to frequent acute otitis media (aom) that we refer to as stringently-defined otitis prone (sop). we investigated the synchrony of serum antibody responses against 5 spn protein vaccine antigens, phtd, lytb, pcpa, phte, and plyd1 resulting from nasopharyngeal colonization and aom in sop children (49 observations) and non-otitis prone (nop) ch ... | 2015 | 25692218 |
| antimicrobial resistance surveillance of flomoxef in china. | the aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of flomoxef against clinical isolates collected from china and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance. a total of 2955 pathogenic strains isolated from 18 tertiary hospitals in 18 cities of china over the period from july 2011 to june 2012 were studied. and the susceptibility tests were performed using agar dilution method recommended by clsi in central laboratory. flomoxef showed good potency against enterobacteriaceae with s ... | 2015 | 25694055 |
| animals devoid of pulmonary system as infection models in the study of lung bacterial pathogens. | biological disease models can be difficult and costly to develop and use on a routine basis. particularly, in vivo lung infection models performed to study lung pathologies use to be laborious, demand a great time and commonly are associated with ethical issues. when infections in experimental animals are used, they need to be refined, defined, and validated for their intended purpose. therefore, alternative and easy to handle models of experimental infections are still needed to test the virule ... | 2015 | 25699030 |
| pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to evaluate ceftaroline fosamil dosing regimens for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and complicated skin and skin-structure infections in patients with normal and impaired renal function. | in this study, the probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment (pta) of ceftaroline against clinical isolates causing community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp) and complicated skin and skin-structure infection (csssi) in europe was evaluated. three dosing regimens were assessed: 600 mg every 12 h (q12 h) as a 1-h infusion (standard dose) or 600 mg every 8 h (q8 h) as a 2-h infusion in virtual patients with normal renal function; and 400 mg q12 h as a 1-h infusion in pati ... | 2015 | 25700566 |