Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| aspidosperma (apocynaceae) plant cytotoxicity and activity towards malaria parasites. part i: aspidosperma nitidum (benth) used as a remedy to treat fever and malaria in the amazon. | infusions of aspidosperma nitidum (apocynaceae) wood bark are used to treat fever and malaria in the amazon region. several species of this family are known to possess indole alkaloids and other classes of secondary metabolites, whereas terpenoids, an inositol and the indole alkaloids harmane-3 acid and braznitidumine have been described in a. nitidum . in the present study, extracts from the wood bark, leaves and branches of this species were prepared for assays against malaria parasites and cy ... | 2013 | 24402150 |
| phenylalanine metabolism regulates reproduction and parasite melanization in the malaria mosquito. | the blood meal of the female malaria mosquito is a pre-requisite to egg production and also represents the transmission route for the malaria parasite. the proper and rapid assimilation of proteins and nutrients in the blood meal creates a significant metabolic challenge for the mosquito. to better understand this process we generated a global profile of metabolite changes in response to blood meal of anopheles gambiae, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). to disrupt a key pathway ... | 2014 | 24409310 |
| antimalarial activity of plumbagin in vitro and in animal models. | plumbagin is the major active constituent in several plants including plumbago indica linn. (root). this compound has been shown to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of plumbagin including its acute and subacute toxicity in mice. | 2014 | 24410949 |
| albumin-bound nanoparticles of practically water-insoluble antimalarial lead greatly enhance its efficacy. | we recently showed that the indolone-n-oxides can be promising candidates for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria. however, the in vivo assays have been hampered by the very poor aqueous solubility of these compounds resulting in poor and variable activity. here, we describe the preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of biodegradable albumin-bound indolone-n-oxide nanoparticles. nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation followed by high-pressure homogenization and cha ... | 2014 | 24412521 |
| cd8+ t cells eliminate liver-stage plasmodium berghei parasites without detectable bystander effect. | immunization with attenuated plasmodium sporozoites or viral vectored vaccines can induce protective cd8(+) t cells that can find and eliminate liver-stage malaria parasites. a key question is whether cd8(+) t cells must recognize and eliminate each parasite in the liver or whether bystander killing can occur. to test this, we transferred antigen-specific effector cd8(+) t cells to mice that were then coinfected with two plasmodium berghei strains, only one of which could be recognized directly ... | 2014 | 24421043 |
| the spatiotemporal dynamics and membranous features of the plasmodium liver stage tubovesicular network. | for membrane-bound intracellular pathogens, the surrounding vacuole is the portal of communication with the host cell. the parasitophorous vacuole (pv) harboring intrahepatocytic plasmodium parasites satisfies the parasites' needs of nutrition and protection from host defenses to allow the rapid parasite growth that occurs during the liver stage of infection. in this study, we visualized the pv membrane (pvm) and the associated tubovesicular network (tvn) through fluorescent tagging of two pvm-r ... | 2014 | 24423236 |
| effect of artesunate based combination therapy with homeopathic medicine china on liver and kidney of plasmodium berghei infected mice. | present study has been undertaken to evaluate antimalarial potential and safety of artesunate based combination therapy with homeopathic medicine china (ϕ/30 potency) against plasmodium berghei (nk-65), a lethal rodent malaria parasite. in combination therapy, the oral administration of artesunate (100 mg/kg) + china ϕ/30 proved to be highly efficacious as it completely cleared the blood stage infection. during the follow up period up to day 28, no recrudescence was observed and the survival rat ... | 2013 | 24431543 |
| the accumulation of macrophages expressing myeloid-related protein 8 (mrp8) and mrp14 in the spleen of balb/ca mice during infection with plasmodium berghei. | splenomegaly is one of the typical symptoms of malaria. however, the pathogenesis of splenic enlargement still remains unclear. spleen is a major organ for clearance of malaria parasites, but excessive response to the parasites can lead to splenomegaly. myeloid-related protein (mrp) 8 and mrp14 are expressed by myeloid cells and are regarded as marker proteins of an immature and inflammatory subtype of macrophage. previous studies have demonstrated that accumulation of mrp8(+) and mrp14(+) macro ... | 2014 | 24440297 |
| 2,4-diaminothienopyrimidines as orally active antimalarial agents. | a novel series of 2,4-diaminothienopyrimidines with potential as antimalarials was identified from whole-cell high-throughput screening of a softfocus ion channel library. synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies identified compounds with potent antiplasmodial activity and low in vitro cytotoxicity. several of these analogues exhibited in vivo activity in the plasmodium berghei mouse model when administered orally. however, inhibition of the herg potassium channel was identified as ... | 2014 | 24446664 |
| post-transcriptional silencing of uis4 in plasmodium berghei sporozoites is important for host switch. | plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by mosquitoes and first infect hepatocytes of their mammalian host, wherein they develop as liver stages, surrounded by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm). the parasite must rapidly adapt to its changing environment after switching host. shortly after invasion, the pvm is remodelled by insertion of essential parasite proteins of the early transcribed membrane protein family such as uis4. here, using the rodent malaria model plasmodium berghei, we sh ... | 2014 | 24446886 |
| antimalarial potential of kolaviron, a biflavonoid from garcinia kola seeds, against plasmodium berghei infection in swiss albino mice. | to investigate the antimalarial potential of kolaviron (kv), a biflavonoid fraction from garcinia kola seeds, against plasmodium berghei (p. berghei) infection in swiss albino mice. | 2014 | 24461521 |
| genetic crosses and complementation reveal essential functions for the plasmodium stage-specific actin2 in sporogonic development. | malaria parasites have two actin isoforms, ubiquitous actin1 and specialized actin2. actin2 is essential for late male gametogenesis, prior to egress from the host erythrocyte. here, we examined whether the two actins fulfil overlapping functions in plasmodium berghei. replacement of actin2 with actin1 resulted in partial complementation of the defects in male gametogenesis and, thus, viable ookinetes were formed, able to invade the midgut epithelium and develop into oocysts. however, these rema ... | 2014 | 24471657 |
| multiple pathways for plasmodium ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut. | plasmodium ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut is a crucial step of the parasite life cycle but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. previously, a phage display peptide library screen identified sm1, a peptide that binds to the mosquito midgut epithelium and inhibits ookinete invasion. sm1 was characterized as a mimotope of an ookinete surface enolase and sm1 presumably competes with enolase, the presumed ligand, for binding to a putative midgut receptor. here we identif ... | 2014 | 24474798 |
| whole pichia pastoris yeast expressing measles virus nucleoprotein as a production and delivery system to multimerize plasmodium antigens. | yeasts are largely used as bioreactors for vaccine production. usually, antigens are produced in yeast then purified and mixed with adjuvants before immunization. however, the purification costs and the safety concerns recently raised by the use of new adjuvants argue for alternative strategies. to this end, the use of whole yeast as both production and delivery system appears attractive. here, we evaluated pichia pastoris yeast as an alternative vaccine production and delivery system for the ci ... | 2014 | 24475165 |
| myd88 signaling is directly involved in the development of murine placental malaria. | malaria is a widespread infectious disease caused by the parasite plasmodium. during pregnancy, malaria infection leads to a range of complications that can affect both the mother and fetus, including stillbirth, infant mortality, and low birth weight. in this study, we utilized a mouse model of placental malaria (pm) infection to determine the importance of the protein myd88 in the host immune response to plasmodium during pregnancy. initially, we demonstrated that plasmodium berghei nk65gfp ad ... | 2014 | 24478096 |
| formulation development and evaluation of the anti-malaria properties of sustained release artesunate-loaded solid lipid microparticles based on phytolipids. | contexts: artemisinins and its derivatives are considered the basis in the treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria due to their high potency and rapid action. however, they have short half life, low solubility, and poor oral bioavailability, hence the need to formulate sustained release lipid particulate dosage form of these drugs. | 2015 | 24479677 |
| signatures of malaria vaccine efficacy in ageing murine immune memory. | malaria transmission occurs by mosquito bite. thereafter, plasmodium sporozoites specifically invade the liver, where they develop into thousands of merozoites that initiate blood-stage infection and clinical malaria. the pre-erythrocytic phase of a plasmodium infection is the target of experimental whole-parasite vaccines against malaria. repeated immunizations with high doses of live, metabolically active sporozoites can induce protracted protection against plasmodium reinfection. parasites la ... | 2014 | 24495208 |
| contribution of the ly49e natural killer receptor in the immune response to plasmodium berghei infection and control of hepatic parasite development. | natural killer (nk) cells have different roles in the host response against plasmodium-induced malaria depending on the stage of infection. liver nk cells have a protective role during the initial hepatic stage of infection by production of the th1-type cytokines ifn-γ and tnf-α. in the subsequent erythrocytic stage of infection, nk cells also induce protection through th1-type cytokines but, in addition, may also promote development of cerebral malaria via cxcr3-induction on cd8(+) t cells resu ... | 2014 | 24498110 |
| evaluation of haematological changes in plasmodium-berghei-infected mice administered with aqueous extract of phyllantus amarus. | this study was designed to evaluate the changes in some hematological parameters of p-berghei-infected mice treated with aqueous extract of phyllantus amarus, a plant that is used traditionally to treat malaria patients in some nigerian communities. the aqueous extract of the leaves at 200, 400 and 600 mg kg(-1) body weight/day dose levels were used to treat the test groups immediately after infection for the suppressive test and 72 hours post infection for the curative test while a standard ant ... | 2013 | 24498819 |
| antimalarial properties of artemisia vulgaris l. ethanolic leaf extract in a plasmodium berghei murine malaria model. | artemisinin isolated from artemisia annua is the most potent antimalarial drug against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria. artemisia vulgaris, an invasive weed, is the only artemisia species available in sri lanka. a pilot study was undertaken to investigate the antiparasitic activity of an a. vulgaris ethanolic leaf extract (avele) in a p. berghei anka murine malaria model that elicits pathogenesis similar to falciparum malaria. | 2013 | 24499850 |
| the survival times of malaria-infected mice are prolonged more by several new two-carbon-linked artemisinin-derived dimer carbamates than by the trioxane antimalarial drug artemether. | sixteen new artemisinin-derived 2-carbon-linked trioxane dimers were prepared to study chemical structure/antimalarial activity relationships (sar). administering a very low single oral dose of only 5mg/kg of dimer secondary alcohol 6a or 6b plus 15 mg/kg of mefloquine hydrochloride prolonged the lives of plasmodium berghei-infected mice to an average of 25 days after infection. this act chemotherapy result is of high medicinal significance because the antimalarial efficacy of the popular trioxa ... | 2014 | 24508128 |
| cd8(+) t cells mediate robust stage-specific immunity to p. berghei under chemoprophylaxis and this protective environment is not downregulated by the presence of blood-stage infection. | sterile protection against malaria infection can be achieved by the inoculation of intact sporozoites while treating concomitantly with the 4-aminoquinoline chloroquine. we present an analysis of protective immunity elicited by successive immunization with plasmodium berghei sporozoites under chemoprophylaxis. immunization resulted in a protective, stage-specific immune response. protection appeared to be mediated by cd8(+) t cells and was abrogated upon their specific depletion. adoptive transf ... | 2014 | 24516592 |
| azadirachta indica extract-artesunic acid combination produces an increased cure rate of plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | available artemisinin-combination therapies (acts) are expensive. various traditional herbal remedies for malaria involve plants, proven scientifically to have antiplasmodial effects, e.g., azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae). | 2014 | 24517279 |
| interleukin-27 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity during plasmodium berghei infection in mice. | interleukin-27 (il-27) has a pleiotropic role either as a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine in inflammatory related diseases. the role and involvement of il-27 during malaria was investigated and the effects of modulating its release on the production of major inflammatory cytokines and the histopathological consequences in major affected organs during the infection were evaluated. results showed that il-27 concentration was significantly elevated throughout the infection but no pos ... | 2013 | 24522137 |
| proposal for a new therapy for drug-resistant malaria using plasmodium synthetic lethality inference. | many antimalarial drugs kill malaria parasites, but antimalarial drug resistance (adr) and toxicity to normal cells limit their usefulness. to solve this problem, we suggest a new therapy for drug-resistant malaria. the approach consists of data integration and inference through homology analysis of yeast-human-plasmodium. if one gene of a plasmodium synthetic lethal (sl) gene pair has a mutation that causes adr, a drug targeting the other gene of the sl pair might be used as an effective treatm ... | 2013 | 24533301 |
| the schizonticidal effect of some antimalarials against plasmodium berghei. | 1950 | 24538832 | |
| in vivo antimalarial activities of enantia polycarpa stem bark against plasmodium berghei berghei in mice. | enantia polycarpa (pc) engl. et diels (annonaceae) is used in traditional medicine as an antimalarial remedy in southern nigeria. | 2014 | 24561382 |
| a cascade of dna-binding proteins for sexual commitment and development in plasmodium. | commitment to and completion of sexual development are essential for malaria parasites (protists of the genus plasmodium) to be transmitted through mosquitoes. the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for commitment have been hitherto unknown. here we show that pbap2-g, a conserved member of the apicomplexan ap2 (apiap2) family of dna-binding proteins, is essential for the commitment of asexually replicating forms to sexual development in plasmodium berghei, a malaria parasite of rodents. pbap2-g ... | 2014 | 24572359 |
| in vivo antimalarial activity of the crude leaf extract and solvent fractions of croton macrostachyus hocsht. (euphorbiaceae) against plasmodium berghei in mice. | the issue of resistance in malarial infection makes development of novel drugs a necessity. an alternative source for discovering such drugs is natural products. croton macrostachyus h. (euphorbiaceae) is used in ethiopian folklore medicine for the treatment of malaria and found to possess antimalarial activity in vitro. however, no further scientific investigations have been carried out to substantiate the claim. this study therefore aimed at investigating the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of ... | 2014 | 24580778 |
| tempol, an intracellular antioxidant, inhibits tissue factor expression, attenuates dendritic cell function, and is partially protective in a murine model of cerebral malaria. | the role of intracellular radical oxygen species (ros) in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (cm) remains incompletely understood. | 2014 | 24586264 |
| identification of vital and dispensable sulfur utilization factors in the plasmodium apicoplast. | iron-sulfur [fe-s] clusters are ubiquitous and critical cofactors in diverse biochemical processes. they are assembled by distinct [fe-s] cluster biosynthesis pathways, typically in organelles of endosymbiotic origin. apicomplexan parasites, including plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, harbor two separate [fe-s] cluster biosynthesis pathways in the their mitochondrion and apicoplast. in this study, we systematically targeted the five nuclear-encoded sulfur utilization factors (suf) of t ... | 2014 | 24586983 |
| phosphoinositide metabolism links cgmp-dependent protein kinase g to essential ca²⁺ signals at key decision points in the life cycle of malaria parasites. | many critical events in the plasmodium life cycle rely on the controlled release of ca²⁺ from intracellular stores to activate stage-specific ca²⁺-dependent protein kinases. using the motility of plasmodium berghei ookinetes as a signalling paradigm, we show that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp)-dependent protein kinase, pkg, maintains the elevated level of cytosolic ca²⁺ required for gliding motility. we find that the same pkg-dependent pathway operates upstream of the ca²⁺ signals tha ... | 2014 | 24594931 |
| protective effect of thunbergia laurifolia extract on hemolysis during plasmodium berghei infection. | this study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of thunbergia laurifolia leaf extract to protect hemolysis in mice infected with plasmodium berghei. aqueous leaf extract of t. laurifolia was freshly prepared, and total polyphenol was then measured using folin-ciocalteu reagent method. for in vivo test, icr mice were given intraperitoneally with this extract (1,000 mg/kg) once a day for four consecutive days and subsequently inoculated with 1 × 10(6) parasitized erythrocytes of p. berghei anka b ... | 2014 | 24595643 |
| pparγ agonists improve survival and neurocognitive outcomes in experimental cerebral malaria and induce neuroprotective pathways in human malaria. | cerebral malaria (cm) is associated with a high mortality rate, and long-term neurocognitive impairment in approximately one third of survivors. adjunctive therapies that modify the pathophysiological processes involved in cm may improve outcome over anti-malarial therapy alone. pparγ agonists have been reported to have immunomodulatory effects in a variety of disease models. here we report that adjunctive therapy with pparγ agonists improved survival and long-term neurocognitive outcomes in the ... | 2014 | 24603727 |
| increased resistance to malaria in mice with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) deficiency suggests a mechanism for selection of the mthfr 677c>t (c.665c>t) variant. | the polymorphism 677c>t (nm_005957.4:c.665c>t/p.ala222val, rs1801133:c>t) in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) results in mild enzymatic deficiency and increased risk for several complex traits including adverse reproductive outcomes, birth defects, and heart disease. despite these deleterious effects, homozygosity is high (5%-15%) in many populations, and among the highest in mediterranean regions, where malaria was historically endemic and may have conferred a selective advantage for ... | 2014 | 24616178 |
| calcium dynamics of plasmodium berghei sporozoite motility. | calcium is a key signalling molecule in apicomplexan parasites and plays an important role in diverse processes including gliding motility. gliding is essential for the malaria parasite to migrate from the skin to the liver as well as to invade host tissues and cells. here we investigated the dynamics of intracellular ca(2+) in the motility of plasmodium berghei sporozoites by live imaging and flow cytometry. we found that cytosolic levels of ca(2+) increase when sporozoites are activated in sus ... | 2014 | 24617597 |
| in vitro and in vivo combination of cepharanthine with anti-malarial drugs. | stephania rotunda is used by traditional health practitioners in southeast asia to treat a wide range of diseases and particularly symptoms related to malaria. cepharanthine (cep) is an alkaloid isolated from this plant with potential innovative antiplasmodial activity. the analysis of interactions between antiplasmodial drugs is necessary to develop new drugs combinations to prevent de novo emergence of resistance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-malarial activity of cep in ... | 2014 | 24618129 |
| phenotypic characterization of plasmodium berghei responsive cd8+ t cells after immunization with live sporozoites under chloroquine cover. | an effective malaria vaccine remains elusive. the most effective experimental vaccines confer only limited and short-lived protection despite production of protective antibodies. however, immunization with irradiated sporozoites, or with live sporozoites under chloroquine cover, has resulted in long-term protection apparently due to the generation of protective cd8+ t cells. the nature and function of these protective cd8+ t cells has not been elucidated. in the current study, the phenotype of c ... | 2014 | 24620841 |
| the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on the antimalarial activity of artemether or artemether/lumefantrine in a mouse model of plasmodium berghei. | the possibility of drug-drug interactions occurring during the treatment of malaria infection in human immunodeficient virus (hiv) patients receiving antiretroviral drugs is very high and limited data are available. this study reports the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir (lr) an antiretroviral drug on the antimalarial activity of standard dose of artemether/lumefantrine (al) or artemether (am) in a mouse model of plasmodium berghei. the 50% effective dose (ed50) of am alone (0.80 ± 0.15 and 2.18 ± ... | 2015 | 24621166 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression profile of a glutathione peroxidase-like thioredoxin peroxidase (tpxgl) of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. | glutathione peroxidases (gpx) comprise an important group of redox active proteins with diverse functions, including antioxidant defense and signaling. although the genome of the malaria parasite plasmodium does not contain a genuine gpx gene a glutathione peroxidase-like thioredoxin peroxidase (tpx(gl)) has recently been identified and biochemically characterized in the human malaria parasite p. falciparum. to gain more insight into the potential biological function of this enzyme we have clone ... | 2015 | 24637102 |
| an experimental model to study tuberculosis-malaria coinfection upon natural transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis and plasmodium berghei. | coinfections naturally occur due to the geographic overlap of distinct types of pathogenic organisms. concurrent infections most likely modulate the respective immune response to each single pathogen and may thereby affect pathogenesis and disease outcome. coinfected patients may also respond differentially to anti-infective interventions. coinfection between tuberculosis as caused by mycobacteria and the malaria parasite plasmodium, both of which are coendemic in many parts of sub-saharan afric ... | 2014 | 24637905 |
| bioassay-guided isolation and characterization of active antiplasmodial compounds from murraya koenigii extracts against plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei. | malaria is an overwhelming impact in the poorest countries in the world due to their prevalence, virulence and drug resistance ability. currently, there is inadequate armoury of drugs for the treatment of malaria. this underscores the continuing need for the discovery and development of new effective and safe antimalarial drugs. to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of the leaf ethyl acetate extract of murraya koenigii, bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation was emplo ... | 2014 | 24638906 |
| increased survival in b-cell-deficient mice during experimental cerebral malaria suggests a role for circulating immune complexes. | the pathogenesis of malaria, an insect-borne disease that takes millions of lives every year, is still not fully understood. complement receptor 1 (cr1) has been described as a receptor for plasmodium falciparum, which causes cerebral malaria in humans. we investigated the role of cr1 in an experimental model of cerebral malaria. transgenic mice expressing human cr1 (hcr1(+)) on erythrocytes were infected with plasmodium berghei anka and developed cerebral malaria. no difference in survival was ... | 2014 | 24643866 |
| in vivo and in vitro antimalarial activity of bergenin. | malaria is a potentially life-threatening protozoal parasitic disease transmitted by female anopheles mosquitoes. drug therapy is currently the most widely used method for the control and treatment of this disease. several plants were found to contain substances possessing antimalarial properties. in this study, we investigated the antimalarial activity of bergenin, a sesquiterpene lactone compound derived from rodgersia aesculifolia batal. the results indicated that bergenin effectively inhibit ... | 2014 | 24649107 |
| production, fate and pathogenicity of plasma microparticles in murine cerebral malaria. | in patients with cerebral malaria (cm), higher levels of cell-specific microparticles (mp) correlate with the presence of neurological symptoms. mp are submicron plasma membrane-derived vesicles that express antigens of their cell of origin and phosphatidylserine (ps) on their surface, facilitating their role in coagulation, inflammation and cell adhesion. in this study, the in vivo production, fate and pathogenicity of cell-specific mp during plasmodium berghei infection of mice were evaluated. ... | 2014 | 24651155 |
| the plasmodium protein p113 supports efficient sporozoite to liver stage conversion in vivo. | invasive stages of plasmodium parasites possess distinct integral and peripheral membrane proteins that mediate host cell attachment and invasion. p113 is an abundant protein in detergent-resistant high molecular weight complexes in plasmodium schizonts, but is unusual since expression extends to gametocytes and sporozoites. in this study, we tested whether p113 performs important functions for parasite propagation in plasmodium berghei. we show that pre-erythrocytic expression of p113 displays ... | 2014 | 24657782 |
| influence of formulation ratio of the plant components on the antimalarial properties of mama decoction. | mangifera indica, alstonia boonei, morinda lucida and azadirachta indica (mama) decoction, commonly prepared and used in nigeria from 1:1:1:1 ratio of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae), alstonia boonei de wild (apocynaceae), morinda lucida benth (rubiaceae), and azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) leaves, plus four new variants of this combination were subjected to three in vivo antimalarial test models using chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei berghei to determine the most active unde ... | 2014 | 24658658 |
| parasite densities modulate susceptibility of mice to cerebral malaria during co-infection with schistosoma japonicum and plasmodium berghei. | malaria and schistosomiasis are endemic and co-exist in the same geographic areas, even co-infecting the same host. previous studies have reported that concomitant infection with schistosoma japonicum could offer protection against experimental cerebral malaria (ecm) in mice. this study was performed to evaluate whether alterations in parasite density could alter this protective effect. | 2014 | 24670210 |
| generation of rodent malaria parasites with a high mutation rate by destructing proofreading activity of dna polymerase δ. | plasmodium falciparum malaria imposes a serious public health concern throughout the tropics. although genetic tools are principally important to fully investigate malaria parasites, currently available forward and reverse tools are fairly limited. it is expected that parasites with a high mutation rate can readily acquire novel phenotypes/traits; however, they remain an untapped tool for malaria biology. here, we generated a mutator malaria parasite (hereinafter called a 'malaria mutator'), usi ... | 2014 | 24670267 |
| differential role of t regulatory and th17 in swiss mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka and plasmodium yoelii. | the outcome of malaria infection is determined, in part, by the balance of pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. host immune responses in disease including malaria are finely regulated by the opposing effects of th17 and t regulatory (treg) cells. here we have examined the role of treg cells and th17 cells during malaria infection and find that low levels of treg cells possibly influence the outcome of infections with the lethal strain of plasmodium berghei anka (pba). in contrast, h ... | 2014 | 24675415 |
| in vivo antimalarial efficacy of acetogenins, alkaloids and flavonoids enriched fractions from annona crassiflora mart. | annona crassiflora and annonaceae plants are known to be used to treat malaria by traditional healers. in this work, the antimalarial efficacy of different fractions of a. crassiflora, particularly acetogenin, alkaloids and flavonoid-rich fractions, was determined in vivo using plasmodium berghei-infected mice model and toxicity was accessed by brine shrimp assay. the a. crassiflora fractions were administered at doses of 12.5 mg/kg/day in a 4-day test protocol. the results showed that some frac ... | 2014 | 24678811 |
| dendritic cells treated with crude plasmodium berghei extracts acquire immune-modulatory properties and suppress the development of autoimmune neuroinflammation. | dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen-presenting cells specifically targeted during plasmodium infection. upon infection, dcs show impaired antigen presentation and t-cell activation abilities. in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether cellular extracts obtained from plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes (pbx) modulate dcs phenotypically and functionally and the potential therapeutic usage of pbx-modulated dcs in the control of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae, the mo ... | 2014 | 24689455 |
| d-glucose concentration is the key factor facilitating liver stage maturation of plasmodium. | the course of malaria infection in mammals begins with transmission of plasmodium sporozoites into the skin by anopheles mosquitoes, followed by migration of the sporozoites to the liver. as no symptoms present until hepatic merozoites are released and until they infect erythrocytes in the blood vessels, sporozoites and liver-stage (ls) parasites are promising targets for anti-malaria drugs aiming to prevent mosquito-to-mammal transmission. in vitro ls parasite development system is useful in th ... | 2014 | 24691399 |
| quantitative analysis of cepharanthine in plasma based on semiautomatic microextraction by packed sorbent combined with liquid chromatography. | the spread of plasmodium falciparum resistance toward most of the used drugs requires new antimalarial compounds. taking advantage of the biodiversity, the ethnopharmacological approach opens the way for the discovery and the characterization of potent original molecules. previous works led to the selection of a bisbenzylisoquinoline, cepharanthine, extracted from stephania rotunda, which is mainly present in cambodia. a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography method has been developed for ... | 2014 | 24693462 |
| cross-talk between malarial cysteine proteases and falstatin: the bc loop as a hot-spot target. | cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the development of the human malaria parasites plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. our earlier studies demonstrated that these enzymes are equipped with specific domains for defined functions and further suggested the mechanism of activation of cysteine proteases. the activities of these proteases are regulated by a new class of endogenous inhibitors of cysteine proteases (icps). structural studies of the icps of trypanosoma cruzi (chagasin) and ... | 2014 | 24699522 |
| memory t cells maintain protracted protection against malaria. | immunologic memory is one of the cardinal features of antigen-specific immune responses, and the persistence of memory cells contributes to prophylactic immunizations against infectious agents. adequately maintained memory t and b cell pools assure a fast, effective and specific response against re-infections. however, many aspects of immunologic memory are still poorly understood, particularly immunologic memory inducible by parasites, for example, plasmodium spp., the causative agents of malar ... | 2014 | 24709142 |
| in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of three rwandan medicinal plants and identification of their active compounds. | in our previous study, we reported the interesting in vitro antiplasmodial activity of some rwandan plant extracts. this gave rise to the need for these extracts to also be evaluated in vivo and to identify the compounds responsible for their antiplasmodial activity. the aim of our study was, on the one hand, to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity in vivo and the safety of the selected rwandan medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria, with the objective of promoting the development of ... | 2014 | 24710900 |
| assessment of the prophylactic activity and pharmacokinetic profile of oral tafenoquine compared to primaquine for inhibition of liver stage malaria infections. | as anti-malarial drug resistance escalates, new safe and effective medications are necessary to prevent and treat malaria infections. the us army is developing tafenoquine (tq), an analogue of primaquine (pq), which is expected to be more effective in preventing malaria in deployed military personnel. | 2014 | 24731238 |
| anti-malarial activity of indole alkaloids isolated from aspidosperma olivaceum. | several species of aspidosperma (apocynaceae) are used as treatments for human diseases in the tropics. aspidosperma olivaceum, which is used to treat fevers in some regions of brazil, contains the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) aspidoscarpine, uleine, apparicine, and n-methyl-tetrahydrolivacine. using bio-guided fractionation and cytotoxicity testing in a human hepatoma cell line, several plant fractions and compounds purified from the bark and leaves of the plant were characterized for ... | 2014 | 24731256 |
| repositioning: the fast track to new anti-malarial medicines? | repositioning of existing drugs has been suggested as a fast track for developing new anti-malarial agents. the compound libraries of glaxosmithkline (gsk), pfizer and astrazeneca (az) comprising drugs that have undergone clinical studies in other therapeutic areas, but not achieved approval, and a set of us food and drug administration (fda)-approved drugs and other bio-actives were tested against plasmodium falciparum blood stages. | 2014 | 24731288 |
| mice rescued from severe malaria are protected against renal injury during a second kidney insult. | malaria is a worldwide disease that leads to 1 million deaths per year. plasmodium falciparum is the species responsible for the most severe form of malaria leading to different complications. beyond the development of cerebral malaria, impairment of renal function is a mortality indicator in infected patients. treatment with antimalarial drugs can increase survival, however the long-term effects of malaria on renal disease, even after treatment with antimalarials, are unknown. the aim of this s ... | 2014 | 24736406 |
| a rapid and robust selection procedure for generating drug-selectable marker-free recombinant malaria parasites. | experimental genetics have been widely used to explore the biology of the malaria parasites. the rodent parasites plasmodium berghei and less frequently p. yoelii are commonly utilised, as their complete life cycle can be reproduced in the laboratory and because they are genetically tractable via homologous recombination. however, due to the limited number of drug-selectable markers, multiple modifications of the parasite genome are difficult to achieve and require large numbers of mice. here we ... | 2014 | 24755823 |
| endothelial glycocalyx on brain endothelial cells is lost in experimental cerebral malaria. | we hypothesized that the glycocalyx, which is important for endothelial integrity, is lost in severe malaria. c57bl/6 mice were infected with plasmodium berghei anka, resulting in cerebral malaria, or p. chabaudi as, resulting in uncomplicated malaria. we visualized the glycocalyx with transmission electron microscopy and measured circulating glycosaminoglycans by dot blot and elisa. the glycocalyx was degraded in brain vasculature in cerebral and to a lesser degree uncomplicated malaria. it was ... | 2014 | 24756075 |
| predicting the parasite killing effect of artemisinin combination therapy in a murine malaria model. | to develop a mechanism-based model that describes the time course of the malaria parasite in infected mice receiving a combination therapy regimen of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine. | 2014 | 24777899 |
| development of artemether and lumefantrine co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: physicochemical characterization and in vivo antimalarial activity. | artemether and lumefantrine combination therapy is well-accepted for uncomplicated malaria treatment. however, the current available formulation has several pharmacokinetic mismatches such as drug degradation in gastrointestinal tract, erratic absorption, etc. hence, need of the hour is the injectable formulation, which can overcome the pharmacokinetic mismatch associated with current available formulation in the market. | 2016 | 24786480 |
| development of a transgenic plasmodium berghei line (pb pfpkg) expressing the p. falciparum cgmp-dependent protein kinase, a novel antimalarial drug target. | with the inevitable selection of resistance to antimalarial drugs in treated populations, there is a need for new medicines to enter the clinic and new targets to progress through the drug discovery pipeline. in this study we set out to develop a transgenic rodent model for testing inhibitors of the plasmodium falciparum cyclic gmp-dependent kinase in vivo. a model was needed that would allow us to investigate whether differences in amino acid sequence of this enzyme between species influences i ... | 2014 | 24805991 |
| antiplasmodial activity of certain medicinal plants against chloroquine resistant plasmodium berghei infected white albino balb/c mice. | in the present study of antimalarial efficacy, aqueous extracts of leaves and unripe fruits of psidium guajava, leaves of ocimum sanctum and leaves of murraya koenigii are evaluated against plasmodium berghei (chloroquine resistant nk65 strain) infected white albino balb/c mice. a 7 days oral administration was adopted with different dosage viz., 350 mg, 750 mg and 1,000 mg/kg body weight as treatment schedule along with parasite (group i) and drug control with chloroquine, 50 mg/kg body weight ... | 2014 | 24808642 |
| [cloning and expression of pbtip analogous gene from plasmodium berghei anka and preparation of its polyclonal antibody]. | to clone and express a novel protein analogous to tip (t cell immunomodulatory protein) of plasmodium berghei anka and prepare its polyclonal antibody. | 2008 | 24812812 |
| the protective effect of cd40 ligand-cd40 signalling is limited during the early phase of plasmodium infection. | γδ t cells are essential for eliminating plasmodium berghei xat. because administration of the agonistic anti-cd40 antibody can induce elimination of p. berghei xat parasites in γδ t cell-deficient mice, we considered that γδ t cells might activate dendritic cells via cd40 signalling during infection. here we report that administration of the anti-cd40 antibody to γδ t cell-deficient mice 3-10 days post-p. berghei xat infection could eliminate the parasites. our data suggest that dendritic cell ... | 2014 | 24815981 |
| role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the immune response profile and development of pathology during plasmodium berghei anka infection. | infection with plasmodium falciparum may result in severe disease affecting various organs, including liver, spleen, and brain, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. plasmodium berghei anka infection of mice recapitulates many features of severe human malaria. the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) is an intracellular receptor activated by ligands important in the modulation of the inflammatory response. we found that ahr-knockout (ko) mice infected with p. berghei anka displayed increased par ... | 2014 | 24818665 |
| [study on ficolin-a against infection of plasmodium berghei in mouse model]. | to evaluate the effect of ficolin-a, a lectin complement against plasmodium berghei in mice model. | 2014 | 24822364 |
| tetraoxane-pyrimidine nitrile hybrids as dual stage antimalarials. | the use of artemisinin or other endoperoxides in combination with other drugs is a strategy to prevent development of resistant strains of plasmodium parasites. our previous work demonstrated that hybrid compounds, comprising endoperoxides and vinyl sulfones, were capable of high activity profiles comparable to artemisinin and chloroquine while acting through two distinct mechanisms of action: oxidative stress and falcipain inhibition. in this study, we adapted this approach to a novel class of ... | 2014 | 24824551 |
| a prospective strategy to restore the tissue damage in malaria infection: approach with chitosan-trypolyphosphate conjugated nanochloroquine in swiss mice. | accumulating evidence indicates that wide range of polymer based nanoconjugated drug have the ability to overcome the microbial infection. the present study was to evaluate the effects of nanoconjugated chloroquine (nch) against plasmodium berghei nk65 (p. berghei) infection on selective makers of oxidative damage, antioxidant status, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in liver and spleen. p. berghei infected swiss mice were treated with nch (250mg/kg bw for 15 days) compared with ... | 2014 | 24836985 |
| cd8+ t cells from a novel t cell receptor transgenic mouse induce liver-stage immunity that can be boosted by blood-stage infection in rodent malaria. | to follow the fate of cd8+ t cells responsive to plasmodium berghei anka (pba) infection, we generated an mhc i-restricted tcr transgenic mouse line against this pathogen. t cells from this line, termed pbt-i t cells, were able to respond to blood-stage infection by pba and two other rodent malaria species, p. yoelii xnl and p. chabaudi as. these pbt-i t cells were also able to respond to sporozoites and to protect mice from liver-stage infection. examination of the requirements for priming afte ... | 2014 | 24854165 |
| antibodies to pfsea-1 block parasite egress from rbcs and protect against malaria infection. | novel vaccines are urgently needed to reduce the burden of severe malaria. using a differential whole-proteome screening method, we identified plasmodium falciparum schizont egress antigen-1 (pfsea-1), a 244-kilodalton parasite antigen expressed in schizont-infected red blood cells (rbcs). antibodies to pfsea-1 decreased parasite replication by arresting schizont rupture, and conditional disruption of pfsea-1 resulted in a profound parasite replication defect. vaccination of mice with recombinan ... | 2014 | 24855263 |
| vascular dysfunction as a target for adjuvant therapy in cerebral malaria. | cerebral malaria (cm) is a life-threatening complication of plasmodium falciparum malaria that continues to be a major global health problem. brain vascular dysfunction is a main factor underlying the pathogenesis of cm and can be a target for the development of adjuvant therapies for the disease. vascular occlusion by parasitised red blood cells and vasoconstriction/vascular dysfunction results in impaired cerebral blood flow, ischaemia, hypoxia, acidosis and death. in this review, we discuss t ... | 2014 | 24863978 |
| investigation of indolglyoxamide and indolacetamide analogues of polyamines as antimalarial and antitrypanosomal agents. | pure compound screening has previously identified the indolglyoxy lamidospermidine ascidian metabolites didemnidine a and b (2 and 3) to be weak growth inhibitors of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (ic50 59 and 44 μm, respectively) and plasmodium falciparum (k1 dual drug resistant strain) (ic50 41 and 15 μm, respectively), but lacking in selectivity (l6 rat myoblast, ic50 24 μm and 25 μm, respectively). to expand the structure-activity relationship of this compound class towards both parasites, w ... | 2014 | 24879541 |
| effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (vegfr-2) inhibitor su5416 on in vitro cultures of plasmodium falciparum. | vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is taken up by parasitized red blood cells during malaria and stimulates intra-erythrocytic growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. the cause and consequence of this uptake is not understood. | 2014 | 24885283 |
| hplc-based activity profiling for antiplasmodial compounds in the traditional indonesian medicinal plant carica papaya l. | leaf decoctions of carica papaya have been traditionally used in some parts of indonesia to treat and prevent malaria. leaf extracts and fraction have been previously shown to possess antiplasmodial activity in vitro and in vivo. | 2014 | 24892830 |
| gene disruption reveals a dispensable role for plasmepsin vii in the plasmodium berghei life cycle. | plasmepsins (pm), aspartic proteases of plasmodium, comprises a family of ten proteins that perform critical functions in plasmodium life cycle. except vii and viii, functions of the remaining plasmepsin members have been well characterized. here, we have generated a mutant parasite lacking pm vii in plasmodium berghei using reverse genetics approach. systematic comparison of growth kinetics and infection in both mosquito and vertebrate host revealed that pm vii depleted mutants exhibited no def ... | 2014 | 24893340 |
| deorphaning pyrrolopyrazines as potent multi-target antimalarial agents. | the discovery of pyrrolopyrazines as potent antimalarial agents is presented, with the most effective compounds exhibiting ec50 values in the low nanomolar range against asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum in human red blood cells, and plasmodium berghei liver schizonts, with negligible hepg2 cytotoxicity. their potential mode of action is uncovered by predicting macromolecular targets through avant-garde computer modeling. the consensus prediction method suggested a functional resembl ... | 2014 | 24895172 |
| discovery of novel benzo[a]phenoxazine ssj-183 as a drug candidate for malaria. | malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites in tropical and subtropical regions. even inhabitants of temperate zones are exposed to the danger of malaria infection because of travel and global warming. novel, effective, safe, and inexpensive drugs are required to treat malaria and contribute to the global goal of eradication. a search for new antimalarial agents has been performed by the synthesis of new benzo[a]phenoxazines, followed by biological evaluations. the deri ... | 2010 | 24900219 |
| novel 4-aminoquinoline-pyrimidine based hybrids with improved in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. | a class of hybrid molecules consisting of 4-aminoquinoline and pyrimidine were synthesized and tested for antimalarial activity against both chloroquine (cq)-sensitive (d6) and chloroquine (cq)-resistant (w2) strains of plasmodium falciparum through an in vitro assay. eleven hybrids showed better antimalarial activity against both cq-sensitive and cq-resistant strains of p. falciparum in comparison to standard drug cq. four molecules were more potent (7-8-fold) than cq in d6 strain, and eight mo ... | 2012 | 24900509 |
| identification and in-vitro adme assessment of a series of novel anti-malarial agents suitable for hit-to-lead chemistry. | triage of a set of antimalaria hit compounds, identified through high throughput screening against the chloroquine sensitive (3d7) and resistant (dd2) parasite plasmodium falciparum strains identified several novel chemotypes suitable for hit-to-lead chemistry investigation. the set was further refined through investigation of their in vitro adme properties, which identified templates with good potential to be developed further as antimalarial agents. one example was profiled in an in vivo murin ... | 2012 | 24900512 |
| identification and optimization of an aminoalcohol-carbazole series with antimalarial properties. | recent observations on the emergence of artemisinin resistant parasites have highlighted the need for new antimalarial treatments. an hts campaign led to the identification of the 1-(1-aminopropan-2-ol)carbazole analogues as potent hits against plasmodium falciparum k1 strain. the sar study and optimization of early adme and physicochemical properties direct us to the selection of a late lead compound that shows good efficacy when orally administrated in the in vivo p. berghei mouse model. | 2013 | 24900603 |
| antiplasmodial effect of anthocleista vogelii on albino mice experimentally infected with plasmodium berghei berghei (nk 65). | the objective of the present study was to investigate the antiplasmodial effect of the ethanolic stem bark extract of anthocleista vogelii at different doses in albino mice infected with plasmodium berghei berghei (nk 65). thirty-six mice were divided into six groups of six mice each. five groups (b1-b3, d, and g) were infected with plasmodium berghei berghei parasitized red blood cells. groups d, h, and g served as the controls. six days after infection, mice in groups b1, b2, and b3 were treat ... | 2014 | 24900913 |
| discovery of hdac inhibitors with potent activity against multiple malaria parasite life cycle stages. | in this work we investigated the antiplasmodial activity of a series of hdac inhibitors containing an alkoxyamide connecting-unit linker region. hdac inhibitor 1a (lmk235), previously shown to be a novel and specific inhibitor of human hdac4 and 5, was used as a starting point to rapidly construct a mini-library of hdac inhibitors using a straightforward solid-phase supported synthesis. several of these novel hdac inhibitors were found to have potent in vitro activity against asexual stage plasm ... | 2014 | 24904967 |
| treatment of murine cerebral malaria by artemisone in combination with conventional antimalarial drugs: antiplasmodial effects and immune responses. | the decreasing effectiveness of antimalarial therapy due to drug resistance necessitates constant efforts to develop new drugs. artemisinin derivatives are the most recent drugs that have been introduced and are considered the first line of treatment, but there are already indications of plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins. consequently, drug combinations are recommended for prevention of the induction of resistance. the research here demonstrates the effects of novel combinations o ... | 2014 | 24913162 |
| scalable preparation and differential pharmacologic and toxicologic profiles of primaquine enantiomers. | hematotoxicity in individuals genetically deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) activity is the major limitation of primaquine (pq), the only antimalarial drug in clinical use for treatment of relapsing plasmodium vivax malaria. pq is currently clinically used in its racemic form. a scalable procedure was developed to resolve racemic pq, thus providing pure enantiomers for the first time for detailed preclinical evaluation and potentially for clinical use. these enantiomers were ... | 2014 | 24913163 |
| ultrastructure of the lung in a murine model of malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. | the mechanisms through which infection with plasmodium spp. result in lung disease are largely unknown. recently a number of mouse models have been developed to research malaria-associated lung injury but no detailed ultrastructure studies of the disease in its terminal stages in a murine model have yet been published. the goal was to perform an ultrastructural analysis of the lungs of mice that died with malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome to better determin ... | 2014 | 24927627 |
| synergistic effect of aqueous extract of telfaria occidentalis on the biological activities of artesunate in plasmodium berghei infected mice. | resistance to most antimalarial drugs has encouraged the use of herbal preparations along with prescribed orthodox drugs. | 2013 | 24940320 |
| engineered single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mosquito mek docking site alter plasmodium berghei development in anopheles gambiae. | susceptibility to plasmodium infection in anopheles gambiae has been proposed to result from naturally occurring polymorphisms that alter the strength of endogenous innate defenses. despite the fact that some of these mutations are known to introduce non-synonymous substitutions in coding sequences, these mutations have largely been used to rationalize knockdown of associated target proteins to query the effects on parasite development in the mosquito host. here, we assay the effects of engineer ... | 2014 | 24957684 |
| comparing systemic metabolic responses in mice to single or dual infection with plasmodium berghei and heligmosomoides bakeri. | concomitant infections with plasmodium and gastrointestinal nematodes are frequently observed in humans. at the metabolic level, the cross-talk between the host and multiple coexisting pathogens is poorly characterized. the purpose of this study was to give a comprehensive insight into the systemic metabolic phenotype of mice with a single or dual infection with plasmodium berghei and heligmosomoides bakeri. four groups of eight nmri female mice were infected with p. berghei or h. bakeri, or wit ... | 2014 | 24960299 |
| vitamin d inhibits the occurrence of experimental cerebral malaria in mice by suppressing the host inflammatory response. | in animal models of experimental cerebral malaria (ecm), neuropathology is associated with an overwhelming inflammatory response and sequestration of leukocytes and parasite-infected rbcs in the brain. in this study, we explored the effect of vitamin d (vd; cholecalciferol) treatment on host immunity and outcome of ecm in c57bl/6 mice during plasmodium berghei anka (pba) infection. we observed that oral administration of vd both before and after pba infection completely protected mice from ecm. ... | 2014 | 24965778 |
| electron microscopic features of brain edema in rodent cerebral malaria in relation to glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. | the mechanisms leading to cerebral malaria (cm) are not completely understood. brain edema has been suggested as having an important role in experimental cm. in this study, cba/cah mice were infected with plasmodium berghei anka blood-stage and when typical symptoms of cm developed on day 7, brain tissues were processed for electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. the study demonstrated ultrastructural hallmarks of cerebral edema by perivascular edema and astroglial dilatation confi ... | 2014 | 24966914 |
| plasmodium berghei infection ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in nc/nga mice. | atopic diseases are more prevalent in industrialized countries than in developing countries. in addition, significant differences in the prevalence of allergic diseases are observed between rural and urban areas within the same country. this difference in prevalence has been attributed to what is called the 'hygiene hypothesis'. although parasitic infections are known to protect against allergic reactions, the mechanism is still unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate whether or not ma ... | 2014 | 24976451 |
| local immune response to injection of plasmodium sporozoites into the skin. | malarial infection is initiated when the sporozoite form of the plasmodium parasite is inoculated into the skin by a mosquito. sporozoites invade hepatocytes in the liver and develop into the erythrocyte-infecting form of the parasite, the cause of clinical blood infection. protection against parasite development in the liver can be induced by injection of live attenuated parasites that do not develop in the liver and thus do not cause blood infection. radiation-attenuated sporozoites (ras) and ... | 2014 | 24981449 |
| enhanced antimalarial activity by a novel artemether-lumefantrine lipid emulsion for parenteral administration. | artemether and lumefantrine (also known as benflumetol) are difficult to formulate for parenteral administration because of their low aqueous solubility. cremophor el as an emulsion excipient has been shown to cause serious side effects. this study reports a method of preparation and the therapeutic efficacies of novel lipid emulsion (le) delivery systems with artemether, lumefantrine, or artemether in combination with lumefantrine, for parenteral administration. their physical and chemical stab ... | 2014 | 24982079 |
| dietary supplementation of chloroquine with nigella sativa seed and oil extracts in the treatment of malaria induced in mice with plasmodium berghei. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary combination of nigella sativa seed and oil extracts with chloroquine (cq), and how these combinations enhance cq efficacy in mice infected with plasmodium berghei and their survival rates. | 2014 | 24991115 |
| host pi(3,5)p2 activity is required for plasmodium berghei growth during liver stage infection. | malaria parasites go through an obligatory liver stage before they infect erythrocytes and cause disease symptoms. in the host hepatocytes, the parasite is enclosed by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm). here, we dissected the interaction between the plasmodium parasite and the host cell late endocytic pathway and show that parasite growth is dependent on the phosphoinositide 5-kinase (pikfyve) that converts phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [pi(3)p] into phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphospha ... | 2014 | 24992508 |