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hands: a tool for genome-wide discovery of subgenome-specific base-identity in polyploids.the analysis of polyploid genomes is problematic because homeologous subgenome sequences are closely related. this relatedness makes it difficult to assign individual sequences to the specific subgenome from which they are derived, and hinders the development of polyploid whole genome assemblies.201324063258
long non-coding genes implicated in response to stripe rust pathogen stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the non-protein-coding genes have been reported as a critical control role in the regulation of gene expression in abiotic stress. we previously identified four expressed sequence tags numbered s18 (el773024), s73 (el773035), s106 (el773041) and s108 (el773042) from a ssh-cdna library of bread wheat shaanmai 139 infected with puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst). here, we isolated four cdna clones and referred them as talncrna18, talncrna73, talncrna106 and talncrna108 (genbank: kc549675-kc ...201324065539
molecular characterization of aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination of wheat grains from saudi arabia.twelve species belonging to six fungal genera were found to be associated with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain samples collected from three main regions in saudi arabia. the most common genera (average frequency) were aspergillus (14.3%), fusarium (29.1%), penicillium (9.3%), and alternaria (8.2%). nineteen isolates of aspergillus flavus were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins using hplc. thirteen isolates produced aflatoxins ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 µg/kg. inter-simple sequence ...201324065675
durum wheat and allelopathy: toward wheat breeding for natural weed management.wheat-derived foodstuffs represent about one-fifth of the calories consumed by humans worldwide. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops throughout the world, and it has been extensively studied for its allelopathic potential. in contrast, for allelopathy in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), our knowledge is partial and fragmentary. through highlighting recent advances in using allelopathy as a crop-breeding tool, we provide an overview of allelopathy in t ...201324065979
structural analysis of the wheat genes encoding nadh-dependent glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferases and correlation with grain protein content.nitrogen uptake and the efficient absorption and metabolism of nitrogen are essential elements in attempts to breed improved cereal cultivars for grain or silage production. one of the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism is glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (gogat). together with glutamine synthetase (gs), gogat maintains the flow of nitrogen from nh4 (+) into glutamine and glutamate, which are then used for several aminotransferase reactions during amino acid synthesis.201324069228
mapping qtls for yield and nitrogen-related traits in wheat: influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on qtl expression.the present study identified some new important genomic regions and demonstrated the availability of conditional analysis in dissecting qtls induced by environmental factors. the high input and low use efficiency of nutrient fertilizers require knowledge of the genetic control of crop reaction to nutrient supplements. in this study, 14 morphological and 8 physiological traits of a set of 182 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) recombinant inbred lines (xiaoyan 54 × jing 411) were investigated in six en ...201424072207
treatment process and toxicities assessment of wastewater issued from anaerobic digestion of household wastes.modern society grapples with large amounts of household waste. the anaerobic digestion of this waste offers a promising source for energy-rich biogas production but generates high toxic effluents that require treatment before reuse or disposal into the environment. this study aimed to investigate three techniques, namely coagulation/flocculation, electro-coagulation, and activated sludge, in terms of efficiency in the treatment of these effluents. it also aimed to assess their toxicity effects o ...201424072641
proteomic analysis of leaves and roots of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under copper-stress conditions.proteomic studies were performed to identify the protein species involved in copper (cu) stress responses in common wheat. two-week-old wheat seedlings were exposed to 100 μm cuso4 treatment for 3 days. growth of shoots and roots was markedly inhibited and lipid peroxidation was greatly increased. cu was readily absorbed by wheat seedlings, with greater cu contents in roots than in leaves. using 2-de method, 98 protein spots showed significantly enhanced or reduced abundance, of which 93 were su ...201324074260
spatial scaling relationships for spread of disease caused by a wind-dispersed plant pathogen.spatial scale is of great importance to understanding the spread of organisms exhibiting long-distance dispersal (ldd). we tested whether epidemics spread in direct proportion to the size of the host population and size of the initial disease focus. this was done through analysis of a previous study of the effects of landscape heterogeneity variables on the spread of accelerating epidemics of wheat (triticum aestivum) stripe rust, caused by the fungus puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. end-of- ...201224077925
analysis of expression profiles of selected genes associated with the regenerative property and the receptivity to gene transfer during somatic embryogenesis in triticum aestivum l.the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms regulating the initiation of a regenerative pathway remain partially unknown. efforts to identify the biological features that confer transformation ability, or the tendency of some cells to induce transgene silencing, would help to improve plant genetic engineering. the objective of our study was to monitor the evolution of plant cell competencies in relation to both in vitro tissue culture regeneration and the genetic transformation prope ...201324078158
molecular and phenotypic characterization of seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a world wheat collection.genetic resistance is the most effective approach to managing wheat leaf rust. the aim of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance of a world wheat collection. using controlled inoculation with ten races of puccinia triticina, 14 seedling resistance genes were determined or postulated to be present in the collection. lr1, lr3, lr10 and lr20 were the most prevalent genes around the world while lr9, lr14b, lr3ka and/or lr30 and lr26 were rare. to confirm some ge ...201324078786
increasing the starch content and grain weight of common wheat by overexpression of the cytosolic agpase large subunit gene.adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) catalyzes the first committed step of starch synthesis. agpase is a heterotetramer composed of two large subunits and two small subunits, has cytosolic and plastidial isoforms, and is detected mainly in the cytosol of endosperm in cereal crops. to investigate the effects of agpase cytosolic large subunit gene (lsu i) on starch biosynthesis in higher plant, in this study, a talsu i gene from wheat was overexpressed under the control of an endosperm-specific ...201324080395
increased genomic prediction accuracy in wheat breeding through spatial adjustment of field trial data.in crop breeding, the interest of predicting the performance of candidate cultivars in the field has increased due to recent advances in molecular breeding technologies. however, the complexity of the wheat genome presents some challenges for applying new technologies in molecular marker identification with next-generation sequencing. we applied genotyping-by-sequencing, a recently developed method to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms, in the genomes of 384 wheat (triticum aestivum) genot ...201324082033
efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in relation to drought tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).an experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in wheat. seeds of wheat genotype hd 2329 (widely adapted under irrigated condition) were grown in ceramic pots under standard package and practices. putrescine (0.1 mm) and benzyladenine (0.05 mm) were sprayed on the aerial portion of these plants at the time of anthesis. after spray, half of the plants were subjected to water stress by withholding irrigation. the non stressed ...201224082495
identification of mirnas and their targets in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by est analysis.micrornas (mirnas) are a newly discovered class of noncoding small rnas that regulate gene expression by directing target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. a large number of mirnas have been identified in plants. increasing evidence has shown that mirnas play multiple roles in plant biological processes. so far, identification of mirnas has been limited to a few model plant species, whose genomes have been sequenced. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important cereal crops ...201324085441
characterization of a wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica keng 4ns disomic addition line for enhanced tiller numbers and stripe rust resistance.exploiting and utilizing excellent gene(s) from wild species has become an essential strategy for wheat improvement. in the disomic addition line 24-6-3, the 4ns chromosomes from psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 2x = 14, nsns) carried valuable tiller and strip rust resistance gene(s), which was selected from the progeny of common wheat cv. 7182 and p. huashanica via embryo culture. cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), and est-sts analyses were used to detect the 4ns chromosome in ...201424085532
next-generation survey sequencing and the molecular organization of wheat chromosome 6b.common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. to improve wheat quality and productivity, the genomic sequence of wheat must be determined. the large genome size (∼17 gb/1 c) and the hexaploid status of wheat have hampered the genome sequencing of wheat. however, flow sorting of individual chromosomes has allowed us to purify and separately shotgun-sequence a pair of telocentric chromosomes. here, we describe a result from the survey sequencing of wheat ch ...024086083
dynamic evolution of rht-1 homologous regions in grass genomes.hexaploid bread wheat contains a, b, and d three subgenomes with its well-characterized ancestral genomes existed at diploid and tetraploid levels, making the wheat act as a good model species for studying evolutionary genomic dynamics. here, we performed intra- and inter-species comparative analyses of wheat and related grass genomes to examine the dynamics of homologous regions surrounding rht-1, a well-known "green revolution" gene. our results showed that the divergence of the two a genomes ...201324086561
can a late bloomer become an early bird? tools for flowering time adjustment.the transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage followed by inflorescence is a critical step in plant life; therefore, studies of the genes that influence flowering time have always been of great interest to scientists. flowering is a process controlled by many genes interacting mutually in a genetic network, and several hypothesis and models of flowering have been suggested so far. plants in temperate climatic conditions must respond mainly to changes in the day length (photoperiod) an ...201424091290
two wheat glutathione peroxidase genes whose products are located in chloroplasts improve salt and h2o2 tolerances in arabidopsis.oxidative stress caused by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) is capable of damaging effects on numerous cellular components. glutathione peroxidases (gpxs, ec 1.11.1.9) are key enzymes of the antioxidant network in plants. in this study, w69 and w106, two putative gpx genes, were obtained by de novo transcriptome sequencing of salt-treated wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings. the purified his-tag fusion proteins of w69 and w106 reduced h2o2 and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bhp) using glu ...201324098330
haplotype variation of glu-d1 locus and the origin of glu-d1d allele conferring superior end-use qualities in common wheat.in higher plants, seed storage proteins (ssps) are frequently expressed from complex gene families, and allelic variation of ssp genes often affects the quality traits of crops. in common wheat, the glu-d1 locus, encoding 1dx and 1dy ssps, has multiple alleles. the glu-d1d allele frequently confers superior end-use qualities to commercial wheat varieties. here, we studied the haplotype structure of glu-d1 genomic region and the origin of glu-d1d. using seven diagnostic dna markers, 12 glu-d1 hap ...201324098671
evaluation of four endogenous reference genes and their real-time pcr assays for common wheat quantification in gmos detection.proper selection of endogenous reference genes and their real-time pcr assays is quite important in genetically modified organisms (gmos) detection. to find a suitable endogenous reference gene and its real-time pcr assay for common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dna content or copy number quantification, four previously reported wheat endogenous reference genes and their real-time pcr assays were comprehensively evaluated for the target gene sequence variation and their real-time pcr performance ...201324098735
fructan metabolism in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) kernels.although fructans play a crucial role in wheat kernel development, their metabolism during kernel maturation is far from being understood. in this study, all major fructan-metabolizing enzymes together with fructan content, fructan degree of polymerization and the presence of fructan oligosaccharides were examined in developing wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l. var. homeros) from anthesis until maturity. fructan accumulation occurred mainly in the first 2 weeks after anthesis, and a maximal fr ...201324104051
reticulate evolution of the rye genome.rye (secale cereale) is closely related to wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). due to its large genome (~8 gb) and its regional importance, genome analysis of rye has lagged behind other cereals. here, we established a virtual linear gene order model (genome zipper) comprising 22,426 or 72% of the detected set of 31,008 rye genes. this was achieved by high-throughput transcript mapping, chromosome survey sequencing, and integration of conserved synteny information of three se ...024104565
wheat genotypic variability in grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination under mediterranean conditions assessed by spectral reflectance.a collection of 368 advanced lines and cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from chile, uruguay, and cimmyt (centro internacional de mejoramiento de maíz y trigo), with good agronomic characteristics were evaluated under the mediterranean conditions of central chile. three different water regimes were assayed: severe water stress (sws, rain fed), mild water stress (mws; one irrigation around booting), and full irrigation (fi; four irrigations: at tillering, flag leaf appearance, head ...201424118723
resistance to stem rust ug99 in six bread wheat cultivars maps to chromosome 6ds.identified ssr markers ( xcfd49 and xbarc183 ) linked with stem rust resistance for efficient use in marker-assisted selection and stacking of resistance genes in wheat breeding programs. more than 80 % of the worldwide wheat (triticum aestivum l.) area is currently sown with varieties susceptible to the ug99 race group of stem rust fungus. however, wheat lines niini, tinkio, coni, pfunye, blouk, and ripper have demonstrated ug99 resistance at the seedling and adult plant stages. we mapped stem ...201424121568
rna-guided genome editing for target gene mutations in wheat.the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (crispr) and crispr-associated protein (cas) system has been used as an efficient tool for genome editing. we report the application of crispr-cas-mediated genome editing to wheat (triticum aestivum), the most important food crop plant with a very large and complex genome. the mutations were targeted in the inositol oxygenase (inox) and phytoene desaturase (pds) genes using cell suspension culture of wheat and in the pds gene in lea ...201324122057
genetic variation and possible snp markers for breeding wheat with low-grain asparagine, the major precursor for acrylamide formation in heat-processed products.in products made from wheat (triticum aestivum) flour, acrylamide formation is almost exclusively determined by the level of free asparagine in the grain. genetic variability for grain asparagine content was evaluated in order to assess the potential for acrylamide mitigation by breeding.201424122675
gene identification programs in bread wheat: a comparison study.seven ab initio web-based gene prediction programs (i.e., augustus, bgf, fgenesh, fgenesh+, geneid, genemark.hmm, and hmmgene) were assessed to compare their prediction accuracy using protein-coding sequences of bread wheat. at both nucleotide and exon levels, fgenesh+ was deduced as the superior program and bgf followed by fgenesh were resided in the next positions, respectively. conversely, at gene level, fgenesh with the value of predicting more than 75% of all the genes precisely, concluded ...201324124688
rye pm8 and wheat pm3 are orthologous genes and show evolutionary conservation of resistance function against powdery mildew.the improvement of wheat through breeding has relied strongly on the use of genetic material from related wild and domesticated grass species. the 1rs chromosome arm from rye was introgressed into wheat and crossed into many wheat lines, as it improves yield and fungal disease resistance. pm8 is a powdery mildew resistance gene on 1rs which, after widespread agricultural cultivation, is now widely overcome by adapted mildew races. here we show by homology-based cloning and subsequent physical an ...201324124925
winter wheat cells subjected to freezing temperature undergo death process with features of programmed cell death.programmed cell death is a process defined as genetically regulated self-destruction or cell suicide. it can be activated by different internal and external factors, but few studies have investigated whether this process occurs under cold and freezing temperatures. in this study, a freezing treatment (-8 °c for 6 h) induced cell death with features of programmed cell death in suspension cultures of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this process occurred for 10 days after cold exposure. the de ...201424126671
comparing sugar components of cereal and pseudocereal flour by gc-ms analysis.gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for carrying out a qualitative analysis of the ethanol soluble flour extract of different types of cereals bread wheat and spelt and pseudocereals (amaranth and buckwheat). tmsi (trimethylsilylimidazole) was used as a reagent for the derivatisation of carbohydrates into trimethylsilyl ethers. all samples were first defatted with hexane. (in our earlier investigations, hexane extracts were used for the analysis of fatty acid of lipid components.) ...024128539
genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a new fertility restorer gene rf8 for triticum timopheevi cytoplasm in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers.a study on mode of inheritance and mapping of fertility restorer (rf) gene(s) using simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers was conducted in a cross of male sterile line 2041a having triticum timopheevi cytoplasm and a restorer line pwr4099 of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the f1 hybrid was completely fertile indicating that fertility restoration is a dominant trait. based on the pollen fertility and seed set of bagged spikes in f2 generation, the individual plants were classified into ferti ...201324129675
genetic structure of argentinean hexaploid wheat germplasm.the identification of genetically homogeneous groups of individuals is an ancient issue in population genetics and in the case of crops like wheat, it can be valuable information for breeding programs, genetic mapping and germplasm resources. in this work we determined the genetic structure of a set of 102 argentinean bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) elite cultivars using 38 biochemical and molecular markers (functional, closely linked to genes and neutral ones) distributed throughout 18 wheat ...201324130447
cloning and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes in the common wheat line three pistils.in this work, we report the cloning and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase (egase) genes (taeg) in the common wheat line three pistils. three taeg homoeologous genes (taeg-4a, taeg-4b and taeg-4d) were isolated and found to be located on chromosomes 4al, 4bs and 4ds, respectively. the three genes showed high conservation of their coding nucleotide sequences and 3 untranslated region. the putative taeg protein had a molecular mass of 69 kda, a theoretical pi of 9.39 and a transmembrane doma ...201324130448
polymorphic homoeolog of key gene of rddm pathway, argonaute4_9 class is associated with pre-harvest sprouting in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (phs) is an important objective for the genetic improvement of many cereal crops, including wheat. resistance, or susceptibility, to phs is mainly influenced by seed dormancy, a complex trait. reduced seed dormancy is the most important aspect of seed germination on a spike prior to harvesting, but it is influenced by various environmental factors including light, temperature and abiotic stresses. the basic genetic framework of seed dormancy depends on the ant ...201324130825
comparison of ambient solvent extraction methods for the analysis of fatty acids in non-starch lipids of flour and starch.lipids are minor components of flours, but are major determinants of baking properties and end-product quality. to the best of our knowledge, there is no single solvent system currently known that efficiently extracts all non-starch lipids from all flours without the risk of chemical, mechanical or thermal damage. this paper compares nine ambient solvent systems (monophasic and biphasic) with varying polarities: bligh and dyer (bd); modified bligh and dyer using hcl (bdhcl); modified bd using na ...201424132804
gene expression analysis in the roots of salt-stressed wheat and the cytogenetic derivatives of wheat combined with the salt-tolerant wheatgrass, lophopyrum elongatum.using microarray analysis, we identified regulatory and signaling-related genes with differential expression in three genotypes with varying degrees of salt tolerance, triticum aestivum , the amphiploid, and the wheat substitution line ds3e(3a). lophopyrum elongatum is among one of the most salt-tolerant members of the triticeae; important genetic stocks developed from crosses between wheat and l. elongatum provide a unique opportunity to compare gene expression in response to salt stress betwee ...201424141639
performance of elisa and pcr methods for the determination of allergens in food: an evaluation of six years of proficiency testing for soy (glycine max l.) and wheat gluten (triticum aestivum l.).for the routine detection of allergens in foods, pcr and/or elisa methods are employed. to assess the suitability of these methods, proficiency tests (pts) could be used as a valuable instrument. it is a common practice to evaluate the results with respect to the experimentally obtained robust mean without considering the actual allergen content. in the present study, an overview is given of the results of allergen pts for the determination of soy and gluten conducted by dienstleistung lebensmit ...201324144233
pacbio sequencing of gene families - a case study with wheat gluten genes.amino acids in wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds mainly accumulate in storage proteins called gliadins and glutenins. gliadins contain α/β-, γ- and ω-types whereas glutenins contain hmw- and lmw-types. known gliadin and glutenin sequences were largely determined through cloning and sequencing by capillary electrophoresis. this time-consuming process prevents us to intensively study the variation of each orthologous gene copy among cultivars. the throughput and sequencing length of pacific bioscien ...201424144842
segregation distortion caused by weak hybrid necrosis in recombinant inbred lines of common wheat.segregation distortion of molecular markers is closely related to hybrid incompatibility in progeny from intraspecific crosses. recent reports in higher plants have demonstrated that hybrid sterility results in segregation distortion at the causal gene regions in progeny of intraspecific crosses. ne1 and ne2 complementary loci are known to control hybrid necrosis in intraspecific crosses of common wheat cultivars. here, we examine the effect of a weak necrosis allele ne1(w) on the segregation ra ...201324146090
quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other small grain cereals. resistance against the fungus is quantitative and more than 100 quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been described. two well-validated and highly reproducible qtl, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a have been widely investigated, but to date the underlying genes have not been identified.201324152241
mutual impacts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and earthworms (eisenia fetida) on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in soil.wheat and earthworms were exposed individually and together to soils contaminated with 11 perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass). wheat accumulated pfass from soil with root concentration factors and bioconcentration factors that decreased as the number of perfluorinated carbons in the molecule increased. earthworms accumulated pfass from soil with biota-to-soil accumulation factors that increased with the number of carbons. translocation factors (tf) of perfluorinated carboxylates (pfcas) in wheat p ...201424158108
genome-wide marker development for the wheat d genome based on single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from transcripts in the wild wheat progenitor aegilops tauschii.13,347 high-confidence snps were discovered through transcriptome sequencing of aegilops tauschii, which are useful for genomic analysis and molecular breeding of hexaploid wheat. in organisms with large and complex genomes, such as wheat, rna-seq analysis is cost-effective for discovery of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). in this study, deep sequencing of the spike transcriptome from two aegilops tauschii accessions representing two major lineages led to the discovery of 13,3 ...201424158251
[genetic differentiation of common wheat cultivars using multiple alleles of gliadin-coding loci].the alleles ofgliadin-coding loci have been identified in 105 spring common wheat cultivars bred in omsk and saratov by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it has been shown that 49% of the omsk cultivars and 40% of the saratov cultivars are heterogeneous, i.e., composed of several biotypes that differ in alleles of the gliadin-coding loci. a total of 278 genotypes have been determined (170 in the saratov cultivars and 112 in the omsk cultivars); in these two groups of cultivars, four genotypes ...201324159797
[influence of vrn-b1a and vrn-b1c alleles on length of developmental phases of substitution and near-isogenic lines of common wheat].the influence of vrn-b1a and vrn-b1c alleles on the length of developmental phases in lines of winter cv. sava with intervarietal substitution of chromosomes 5b and near-isogenic lines (nils) with these loci in the genetic background of winter cv. bezostaya 1 is studied. we have confirmed that effects of vrn genes appear on the tillering phase and that the response to vernalization and shortening of day length can change the duration of this phase. we have shown that, after vernalization and und ...201324159805
yield stability of hybrids versus lines in wheat, barley, and triticale.we present experimental data for wheat, barley, and triticale suggesting that hybrids manifest on average higher yield stability than inbred lines. yield stability is assumed to be higher for hybrids than for inbred lines, but experimental data proving this hypothesis is scarce for autogamous cereals. we used multi-location grain yield trials and compared the yield stability of hybrids versus lines for wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and triticale (×triticosecale wittm ...024162154
chromosomal location of a gene suppressing powdery mildew resistance genes pm8 and pm17 in common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.).the chromosomal location of a suppressor for the powdery mildew resistance genes pm8 and pm17 was determined by a monosomic set of the wheat cultivar caribo. this cultivar carries a suppressor gene inhibiting the expression of pm8 in cv disponent and of pm17 in line helami-105. in disease resistance assessments, monosomic f1 hybrids (2n=41) of caribo x disponent and caribo x helami-105 lacking chromosome 7d were resistant, whereas monosomic f1 hybrids involving the other 20 chromosomes, as well ...199624162196
rflp mapping of three new loci for resistance genes to powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) in barley.three new major, race-specific, resistance genes to powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) were identified in three barley lines, 'rs42-6*o', 'rs137-28*e', and 'hsy-78*a', derived from crosses with wild barley (hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). the resistance gene origining from wild barley in line 'rs42-6*o', showed a recessive mode of inheritance, whereas the other wild barley genes were (semi)-dominant. rflp mapping of these three genes was performed in segregating f2 populations. t ...199624162198
repeated dna sequences isolated by microdissection. ii. comparative analysis in hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum.the genomic organization of two satellite dna sequences, phvmwg2314 and phvmwg2315, of barley (hordeum vulgare, 2n=14, hh) was studied by comparative in situ hybridization (ish) and pcr analysis. both sequences are members of different rsai families. the sequence phvmwg2314 is a new satellite element with a monomer unit of 73 bp which is moderately amplified in different grasses and occurs in interstitial clusters on d-genome chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n=42, aabbdd). the ...199624162213
stability of baking quality in bread wheat using several statistical parameters.stability of quality in bread wheat was investigated for the first time with the alveograph test, a rheological test providing four technological traits. assessment of stability was reliable because a large set of varieties (ten) were grown over a wide range of environments (14). varieties and environments were representative of french agricultural practices. a procedure to evaluate stability of quality is proposed. stability was measured by ecovalence, which was then modelled to determine respo ...199624162214
variation of starch granule proteins and chromosome mapping of their coding genes in common wheat.starch granule proteins (sgps) of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were analyzed by two electrophoretic techniques: sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d-page). these analyses identified three kinds of sgps which were tentatively designated sgp-1, sgp-2 and sgp-3. sds-page resolved the products of three homoeologous genes for sgp-1 into three protein fractions, sgp-a1, -b1 and -d1. while sds-page resolved sgp-3 into one f ...199624162229
development of pcr markers linked to resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus in wheat.wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv), vectored by the wheat curl mite (acer tulipae), is an important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in the north american great plains. resistant varieties have not been developed for two primary reasons. first, useful sources of resistance have not been available, and second, field screening for virus resistance is laborious and beyond the scope of most breeding programs. the first problem may have been overcome by the development of resistance to both the ...199624162306
the regulatory role of vernalization in the expression of low-temperature-induced genes in wheat and rye.low temperature is one of the primary stresses limiting the growth and productivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rye (secale cereale l.). winter cereals low-temperature-acclimate when exposed to temperatures colder than 10°c. however, they gradually lose their ability to tolerate below-freezing temperatures when they are maintained for long periods of time in the optimum range for low-temperature acclimation. the overwinter decline in low-temperature response has been attributed to an ina ...024162347
linkage between rflp markers and genes affecting kernel hardness in wheat.a molecular-marker linkage map of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) provides a powerful tool for identifying genomic regions influencing breadmaking quality. a variance analysis for kernel hardness was conducted using 114 recombinant inbred lines (f7) from a cross between a synthetic and a cultivated wheat. the major gene involved in kernel hardness, ha (hard), known to be on chromosome arm 5ds, was found to be closely linked with the locus xmta9 corresponding to the gene of puroindoline-a. ...199624162351
origin and diversity of north american hard spring wheats.genetic diversity is an important safeguard against crop vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. coefficient-of-parentage (cop) values of 248 north american hard spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) cultivars released from 1901 to 1991 were used to estimate the genetic similarity of cultivars. cop values were used: to (1) quantify germ plasm sources and their contributions to the north american hard spring wheat gene pool; (2) measure changes in genetic diversity through time; and ...199624162353
chromosomal locations of genes that control major rna-degrading activities in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).seventeen rna-degrading enzymes of common wheat, with apparent molecular masses from 42.2 kda to 16.3 kda, were observed by the rna-sds-page assay. to determine their chromosome locations, all chromosome arms of common wheat except 4bs were assayed in their null condition by using a set of ditelosomic or nullitetrasomic lines of the cultivar chinese spring. our results showed that only one chromosome location each was identified for the 22.8-kda and the 21.2-kda enzymes, as well as for the 21.6 ...199624162360
linkage mapping of '25-kda globulin' genes on homoeologous group-1 chromosomes of bread and durum wheat.acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (a-page) of ethanol-soluble proteins from the endosperm of bread and durum wheats reveals some bands encoded by genes on the homoeologous group-1 chromosomes with higher mobility than the α-gliadins. the isolation of these proteins showed that they were the previously described '25-kda globulins' encoded by genes at the glo-a1, glo-b1, and glo-d1 loci. the variability found among a collection of 51 bread and 81 durum wheats was very low: two allelic varian ...199624162408
physical mapping of translocation breakpoints in a set of wheat-aegilops umbellulata recombinant lines using in situ hybridization.aegilops umbellulata zhuk. carries genes at glu-u1 loci that code for a pair of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits not found in common wheat, triticum aestivum. wheat-ae. umbellulata recombinant lines were produced with the aim of transferring genes coding for glutenin subunits from ae. umbellulata into wheat with minimal flanking material. we used fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization to evaluate the extent of recombination and to map physically the translocation breakpoints on 11 whea ...199624162413
repetitive, genome-specific probes in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) amplified with minisatellite core sequences.the detection and analysis of dna polymorphisms in crops is an essential component of marker-assisted selection and cultivar identification in plant breeding. we have explored the direct amplification of minisatellite dna by pcr (damd-pcr) as a means for generating dna probes that are useful for detecting dna polymorphisms and dna fingerprinting in wheat. this technique was facilitated by high-stringency pcr with known plant and animal minisatellite core sequences as primers on wheat genomic dna ...199624162434
molecular verification and characterization of bydv-resistant germ plasms derived from hybrids of wheat with thinopyrum ponticum and th. intermedium.twenty-five partial amphiploids (2n=8x=56), which were derived from hybrids of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with either thinopyrum ponticum (podpera) liu & wang, th. intermedium (host) barkworth & d. dewey, or th. junceum (l.) a. löve, were assayed for resistance to bydv serotype pav by slot-blot hybridization with viral cdna of a partial coat protein gene. three immune lines were found among seven partial amphiploids involving th. ponticum. seven highly resistant lines were found in ten partial ...199624162477
chromosome substitutions of triticum timopheevii in common wheat and some observations on the evolution of polyploid wheat species.whether the two tetraploid wheat species, the well known triticum turgidum l. (macaroni wheat, aabb genomes) and the obscure t. timopheevii zhuk. (a(t)a(t)gg), have monophyletic or diphyletic origin from the same or different diploid species presents an interesting evolutionary problem. moreover, t. timopheevii and its wild form t. araraticum are an important genetic resource for macaroni and bread-wheat improvement. to study these objectives, the substitution and genetic compensation abilities ...199624162542
wheat syntenome unveils new evidences of contrasted evolutionary plasticity between paleo- and neoduplicated subgenomes.bread wheat derives from a grass ancestor structured in seven protochromosomes followed by a paleotetraploidization to reach a 12 chromosomes intermediate and a neohexaploidization (involving subgenomes a, b and d) event that finally shaped the 21 modern chromosomes. insights into wheat syntenome in sequencing conserved orthologous set (cos) genes unravelled differences in genomic structure (such as gene conservation and diversity) and genetical landscape (such as recombination pattern) between ...201324164652
identification of haynaldia villosa chromosomes added to wheat using a sequential c-banding and genomic in situ hybridization technique.genomic in situ hybridization (gish) offers a convenient and effective method for cytological detection, but can not determine the identity of the chromosomes involved. we integrated c-banding with gish to identify haynaldia villosa chromosomes in a wheat background. all chromosomes of h. villosa showed c-bands, either in telomeric regions or in both telomeric and centromeric regions, which allowed unequivocal identification of each h. villosa chromosome. the seven pairs of h. villosa chromosome ...199624166125
plant regeneration from immature embryos of 48 elite cimmyt bread wheats.forty-eight bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) released cultivars and elite advanced lines were evaluated for their ability to produce embryogenic callus using three different media. basal n6 medium supplemented with dicamba (e1), ms medium containing 2,4-d (e3) or ms medium containing 2,4-d plus different amino acids (e5) were used for callus initiation and maintenance. plant regeneration was achieved on basal ms medium with indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and 6-benzylamino purine (bap) and rooting ...199624166163
genetic characterization of storage proteins in a set of f1-derived haploid lines in bread wheat.wheat storage proteins were evaluated by sds-page in a population of 206 doubled haploid (dh) lines, produced from a cross between bread wheat cvs chinese spring (cs) and courtot (ct). the analysis of gliadins and high- and low-molecular-weight glutenins gave rise to 11 protein markers between parental varieties. among these, one each was encoded at the glu-a1, gli-a1, gli-a2, gli-a5, glu-b3, gli-b1 and gli-d1 loci and four were encoded at the glu-d3 locus. only the gli-a2 marker showed a distor ...199624166255
mapping of the k(+)/na (+) discrimination locus kna1 in wheat.in saline environments, bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (genomes aabbdd), accumulates less na(+) and more k(+) in expanding and young leaves than durum wheat, t. turgidum l. (genomes aabb). higher k(+)/na(+) ratios in leaves of bread wheat correlate with its higher salt tolerance. chromosome 4d from bread wheat was shown in previous work to play an important role in the control of this trait and was recombined with chromosome 4b in the absence of the ph1 locus. a population of plants disomic f ...199624166270
rflp-based maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of wheat and their application in the tagging of pm12, a powdery mildew resistance gene transferred from aegilops speltoides to wheat.genetic maps of the homoeologous group-6 chromosomes of bread wheat, triticum aestivum, have been constructed spanning 103 cm on 6a, 90 cm on 6b and 124 cm on 6d. these maps were transferred to a chinese spring (cs) x line #31 cross to locate a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene, pm12, introgressed into line #31 from aegilops speltoides. pm12 was shown to lie on the short arm of translocation chromosome 6bs-6ss.6sl in line #31, but could not be mapped more precisely due to the lack of recom ...199624166323
isolation and identification of triticum aestivum l. em. thell. cv chinese spring-t. peregrinum hackel disomic chromosome addition lines.analyses of rflps, isozymes, morphological markers and chromosome pairing were used to isolate 12 triticum aestivum cv chinese spring (genomes a, b, and d)-t. peregrinum (genomes s(v) and u(v)) disomic chromosome addition lines. the evidence obtained indicates that each of the 12 lines contains an intact pair of t. peregrinum chromosomes. one monosomic addition line, believed to contain an intact 6s(v) chromosome, was also isolated. a cs-7u(v) chromosome addition line was not obtained. syntenic ...199624166328
genetic analysis of anther culture response in wheat carrying alien translocations.a bread wheat cultivar, 'saratovskaya 29', (s29), its nearly isogenic lines carrying alien translocations [lr9 from aegilops umbellulata (eg29) and (lr19) from agropyron elongatum (ps29)] and two f1 hybrids between three nearly isogenic lines of s29 that differed by the lr19+rht1,pro1+pro2 and ppd1+ppd2 gene complexes, namely the s29 (lr19+rht1)/s29 (ppd1+ppd2) f1 and the s29 (pro1+pro2)/s29 (lr19+rht1) f1 were studied for their culture response with the following results. (1) translocations wit ...199624166404
wheat phylogeny determined by rflp analysis of nuclear dna. 3. intra- and interspecific variations of five aegilops sitopsis species.the level of intra- and interspecific variations on nuclear dna in five aegilops species of the sitopsis section were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a total of 18 accessions, i.e. 7 of ae. speltoides, 3 of ae. longissima, 2 of ae. searsii, 3 of ae. sharonensis and 3 of ae. bicornis, were used. one accession each of triticum aestivum, t. durum, t. urartu and ae. squarrosa was included as reference material. five enzymes and 20 probes were used. among ...199624166619
molecular characterization of the fate of transgenes in transformed wheat (triticum aestivum l.).molecular analysis of the transgenes bar and gus was carried out over successive generations in six independent transgenic lines of wheat, until the plants attained homozygosity. data on expression and integration of the transgenes is presented. five of the lines were found to be stably transformed, duly transferring the transgenes to the next generation. the copy number of the transgenes varied from one to five in the different lines. one line was unstable, first losing expression of and then e ...199624166632
the interactive effects of transgenically overexpressed 1ax1 with various hmw-gs combinations on dough quality by introgression of exogenous subunits into an elite chinese wheat variety.seed storage proteins in wheat endosperm, particularly high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), are primary determinants of dough properties, and affect both end-use quality and grain utilization of wheat (triticum aestivum l). in order to investigate the interactive effects between the transgenically overexpressed 1ax1 subunit with different hmw-gs on dough quality traits, we developed a set of 8 introgression lines (ils) overexpressing the transgenic hmw-glutenin subunit 1ax1 by intro ...201324167625
geographical distribution of genes for resistance to formae speciales of erysiphe graminis in common wheat.the geographical distribution of pm10, pm11, pm14, and pm15 wheat genes for resistance to inappropriate formae speciales of erysiphe graminis was investigated using gene-for-gene relationships. pm10 and pm15 were very common among many indigenous accessions of common wheat collected from various areas in the world. the diversity of genotypes, which consisted of allelic combination at those loci, was high near the center of origin of common wheat and decreased with increasing distance from the ce ...199524169671
the effect of fluorine atom on the synthesis and composition of gametocidal ethyl oxanilates.three derivatives of ethyl oxanilate were synthesized in order to test their application as gametocides on the hermaphrodite plants like common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a substituent at para position (f, br, cn) of aniline defined its reactivity towards diethyl oxalate 2. classical reaction in toluene was not selective and amidation occurred also at the second carbonyl groups of 2. alternative synthesis under solvent-free conditions with application of low pressure for removal of etoh provi ...201324169710
standard karyotype of triticum searsii and its relationship with other s-genome species and common wheat.c-banding polymorphism was analyzed in 14 accessions of triticum searsii from israel, and a generalized idiogram of the species was established. one accession was homozygous for whole arm translocations t1s(s)s·4s(s)s and t1s(s)l·4s(s)l. c-banding analysis was also used to identify 7 t. aestivum cv 'chinese spring'-t. searsii disomic chromosome addition lines, 14 ditelosomic chromosome addition lines, 21 disomic whole chromosome, and 31 ditelosomic chromosome substitution lines. the identity of ...199524169771
structural evolution of wheat chromosomes 4a, 5a, and 7b and its impact on recombination.the construction of comparative genetic maps of chromosomes 4a(m) and 5a(m) of triticum monococcum and chromosomes of homoeologous groups 4, 5 and 7 of t. aestivum has provided insight into the evolution of these chromosomes. the structures of chromosomes 4a, 5a and 7b of modern-day hexaploid bread wheat can be explained by a 4al/5al translocation that occurred at the diploid level and is present both in t. monococcum and t. aestivum. three further rearrangements, a 4al/7bs translocation, a peri ...199524169776
physiological aspects of aluminium tolerance associated with the long arm of chromosome 2d of the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome.aluminum (al) uptake in roots of wheat nearisogenic lines having differing tolerances to aluminium toxicity was studied using roots and root segments immersed in a nutrient solution at a controlled ph and temperature. at low al concentrations a mechanism preventing root tips from accumulating too much al was observed in an al-tolerant isoline and a 'bh1146' euploid. this mechanism was more efficient when divalent cations of calcium or magnesium were present in the nutrient medium. al accumulatio ...199524169843
cytologically based physical maps of the group-2 chromosomes of wheat.we have constructed cytologically based physical maps (cbpms), depicting the chromosomal distribution of rflp markers, of the group-2 chromosomes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell). twenty-one homozygous deletion lines for 2a, 2b, and 2d were used to allocate rflp loci to 19 deletion-interval regions. a consensus cbpm was colinearily aligned with a consensus genetic map of group-2 chromosomes. the comparison revealed greater frequency of recombination in the distal regions. several ...199524169882
characterization of deletions in common wheat induced by an aegilops cylindrica chromosome: detection of multiple chromosome rearrangements.an aegilops cylindrica chromosome induces terminal deletions of chromosomes in wheat as identified by c-banding. we are constructing high-density physical maps of wheat chromosomes and have detected additional chromosome rearrangements. among 63 lines with chromosomal subarm deletions in group 7 chromosomes, 7 lines (11.1%) were shown to harbor additional chromosome rearrangements. two other lines were also omitted from the physical mapping because of the nature of the breakpoint calculations. t ...199524169888
comparison of wheat physical maps with barley linkage maps for group 7 chromosomes.comparative genetic maps among the triticeae or gramineae provide the possibility for combining the genetics, mapping information and molecular-marker resources between different species. dense genetic linkage maps of wheat and barley, which have a common array of molecular markers, along with deletion-based chromosome maps of triticum aestivum l. will facilitate the construction of an integrated molecular marker-based map for the triticeae. a set of 21 cdna and genomic dna clones, which had pre ...199524169889
a comparison of male and female recombination frequency in wheat using rflp maps of homoeologous group 6 and 7 chromosomes.a novel approach was used to compare male and female recombination rates in wheat. doubled haploid lines were developed from an f1 using two distinct approaches: the anther-culture technique and the hordeum bulbosum system, from which sets of lines were developed from "male" and "female" meioses, respectively. the genotype of the lines was established at rflp and isozyme markers polymorphic on chromosomes of homoeologous groups 6 and 7, and "male" and "female" linkage maps were calculated using ...199524169910
cytologically based physical maps of the group 3 chromosomes of wheat.cytologically based physical maps for the group 3 chromosomes of wheat were constructed by mapping 25 triticum aestivum deletion lines with 29 t. tauschii and t. aestivum rflp probes. the deletion lines divide chromosomes 3a, 3b, and 3d into 31 discrete intervals, of which 18 were tagged by marker loci. the comparison of the consensus physical map with a consensus rflp linkage map of the group 3 chromosomes of wheat revealed a fairly even distribution of marker loci on the long arm, and higher r ...199524169916
detection of genetic diversity in closely related bread wheat using microsatellite markers.wheat microsatellites (wms) were used to estimate the extent of genetic diversity among 40 wheat cultivars and lines, including mainly european elite material. the 23 wms used were located on 15 different chromosomes, and revealed a total of 142 alleles. the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 16, with an average of 6.2 alleles per wms. the average dinucleotide repeat number ranged from 13 to 41. the correlation coefficient between the number of alleles and the average number of repeats was only ...199524169989
development and molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat-haynaldia villosa 6vs/6al translocation lines specifying resistance to powdery mildew.several triticum aestivum l.-haynaldia villosa disomic 6vs/6al translocation lines with powdery mildew resistance were developed from the hybridization between common wheat cultivar yangmai 5 and alien substitution line 6v(6a). mitotic and meiotic c-banding analysis, aneuploid analysis with double ditelosomic stocks, in situ hybridization, as well as the phenotypic assessment of powdery mildew resistance, were used to characterize these lines. the same translocated chromosome, with breakpoints n ...199524170007
high crossability of wild barley (hordeum spontaneum c. koch) with bread wheat and the differential elimination of barley chromosomes in the hybrids.four bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, 'aobakomugi', 'chinese spring', 'norin 61' and 'shinchunaga', were pollinated with five barley lines/cultivars consisting of three cultivated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) lines, 'betzes', 'kinai 5' and ohl089, and two wild barley (hordeum spontaneum c. koch) lines, ouh602 and ouh324. crossability, expressed as the percentage of embryo formation, varied from 0 to 55.4% among the cross combinations. the two wild barley lines generally had a higher ...199524170047
meiosis and fertility of f1 hybrids between hexaploid bread wheat and decaploid tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum).as the first step in the transfer of barely yellow dwarf virus resistance and salt tolerance from decaploid tall wheatgrass (thinopyrum ponticum) into hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), octoploid intergeneric hybrids (2n = 8x = 56) were synthesized by crossing the tall wheatgrass cultivar 'alkar' with wheat cvs. 'fukuhokomugi' ('fuko') and 'chinese spring'. ('fuko' x 'alkar') f1 hybrids were studied in detail. the f1 hybrids were perennial and generally resembled the male wheatgrass p ...199524172931
biochemical and molecular diagnostics of thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes in triticum aestivum germ plasm.thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14, jj) is a self-fertile salt-tolerant grass species, and its hybridization with triticum aestivum to achieve the transfer of this attributes has been promoted. for the detection of alien introgression, development of diagnostic markers of th. bessarabicum chromosomes in the wheat background has emerged as an important aspect in our intergeneric hybridization program. six proteins/isozymes-high-molecular-weight glutenins, superoxide dismutase, grain esterase, β-am ...199524173049
assessment of the type and degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in diploid species of the genus triticum.the a genome of the triticeae is carried by three diploid species and subspecies of the genus triticum: t. monococcum ssp. monococcum, t. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, and t. urartu, the a-genome donor of bread wheat. these species carry many genes of agronomic interest, including disease resistances, and may also be used for the genetic mapping of the a genome. the aim of this study was to evaluate the variability present in a sample of 25 accessions representative of this group using rflp markers ...199524173063
chromosomal location of genes for stem rust resistance derived from 'waldron' wheat.the chromosomal locations of genes for resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis pers.: pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. & e. henn.) in the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'waldron' (wdr) were determined by monosomic analyses. wheat lines wdr-b1, -c2, -e4, and -f1,which have single genes for resistance to stem rust derived previously from wdr sel. 'little club', were crossed onto a complete set of 21 'chinese spring' monosomics. the f2 and backcross-f1 (bc1f1) seedlings from each of the 84 cro ...199524173078
wheat lines monogenic for resistance to stem rust from the wheat cultivar 'waldron'.the triticum aestivum l. cultivar 'waldron' has long lasting resistance to most north american stem rust (puccinia graminis pers.:pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and e. henn.) isolates. the objective of this research was to develop wheat lines monogenic for resistance to stem rust from 'waldron' using allelism tests and tests for reaction to a series of ten stem rust cultures having a range of virulences. twelve lines homozygous for single resistance genes were selected as parents of a diallel cross ...199524173079
thinopyrum distichum addition lines: production, morphological and cytological characterisation of 11 disomic addition lines and stable addition-substitution line.plants of the partial amphiploid inia 66/thinopyrum distichum (2n = 70)//inia 66 (2n = 56) were used as male parents in crosses with the monosomic series in the common wheat cultivar inia 66. the genome and homoeologous group of the monosomic used in the cross affected the distribution of chromosome number of the progeny plants in the f2 and f4. meiosis in the pollen mother cells of the b1f7 partial amphiploids was not stable, and not different from that of the b1f1 in which univalents and multi ...199524173781
quality and biochemical effects of a ibl/irs wheat-rye translocation in wheat.wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeders world-wide have used rye (secale cereale l.) as a source of genes for agronomic improvement. the 1bl/1rs wheat-rye chromosomal translocation derived from the russian cultivars 'kavkaz' and 'aurora' has been among the most common means of accessing useful rye genes. unfortunately, deleterious wheat quality effects are often associated with the presence of 1rs. the identification of genetic backgrounds capable of alleviating the deleterious effects of 1rs is c ...199524173790
standard karyotype of triticum umbellulatum and the characterization of derived chromosome addition and translocation lines in common wheat.a standard karyotype and a generalized idiogram of triticum umbellulatum (syn. aegilops umbellulata, 2n = 2x = 14) was established based on c-banding analysis of ten accessions of different geographic origin and individual t. umbellulatum chromosomes in t. aestivum - t. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines. monosomic (ma) and disomic (da) t. aestivum - t. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines (da1u = b, da2u = d, ma4u = f, da5u = c, da6u = a, da7u = e = g) and telosomic addition lines (da1us, ...199524173798
rflp patterns of gliadin alleles in triticum aestivum l.: implications for analysis of the organization and evolution of complex loci.a correspondence between rflp patterns and gliadin alleles at the gli-1 and gli-2 loci was established in a set of 70 common wheat (t.aestivum l.) cultivars using γ-gliadin (k32) and α-gliadin (ptu1) specific probes. all gli-b1 and gli-d1 alleles which differed in encoded γ-gliadins showed definite rflp patterns after hybridization with the k32 probe. two groups of gli-b1 alleles, gli-b1b-like and gli-b1e-like, were identified, and these could originate from distinct genotypes of the presumptive ...199524173888
chromosomal control of the tolerance of gradually and suddenly imposed salt stress in the lophopyrum elongatum and wheat, triticum aestivum l. genomes.the facultatively halophytic lophopyrum elongatum, closely related wheat, triticum aestivum, and their amphiploid tolerate salt stress better if they are gradually exposed to it than if they are suddenly stressed. lophopyrum elongatum has greater tolerance of both forms of salt stress than wheat, and its genome partially confers this tolerance on their amphiploid. chromosomal control of the tolerance of both stress regimes in the l. elongatum and wheat genomes was investigated with disomic and d ...199524173895
application of two microsatellite sequences in wheat storage proteins as molecular markers.in eukaryotes, tandem arrays of simple-sequence repeat sequences can find applications as highly variable and multi-allelic pcr-based genetic markers. in hexaploid bread wheat, a large-genome inbreeding species with low levels of rflp, di- and trinucleotide tandem repeats were found in 22 published gene sequences, two of which were converted to pcr-based markers. these were shown to be genome-specific and displayed high levels of variation. these characteristics make them especially suitable for ...199524173898
genetic variation at storage protein-coding loci of common wheat (cv 'chinese spring') induced by nitrosoethylurea and by the cultivation of immature embryos in vitro.electrophoretic patterns of seed storage proteins, the high-molecular-weight glutenins and gliadins, were studied in 468 plants of the common wheat cultivar 'chinese spring' regenerated from callus culture of immature embryos, in 115 plants grown from seeds treated with nitrosoethylurea and in 260 control plants. from 5 to 21 single grains were analysed from each plant. in these three groups, the frequency of inherited mutations causing the loss of all proteins controlled by a locus (null-mutati ...199524173927
diallel analysis of the latent period of stripe rust in wheat.a half diallel was made amongst five wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes of which one was susceptible, while the others had adult-plant resistance, to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis west.). the five parent and ten f1 progeny were grown in the glasshouse and were inoculated with three rust pathotypes at the seedling stage. the latent period was measured on the first leaf. two procedures were used to analyze the half diallel. both methods showed that the average effects of alleles were of mu ...199524173940
use of winter wheat x triticum tauschii backcross populations for germplasm evaluation.the wild diploid goatgrass, triticum tauschii (coss.) schmal., is an important source of genes for resistance to both diseases and insects in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) we have evaluated grain yield, kernel weight, protein concentration, and kernel hardness of 641 bc2 f1-derived families from direct crosses involving four t. aestivum cultivars and 13 t. tauschii accessions over 2 years and at two kansas, usa, locations. on average, t. tauschii germplasm depressed grain yield and increas ...199524173953
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