Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| immunization with cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis increases intestinal igg response and induces the expression of fcrn in the intestinal epithelium of adult mice. | we have shown that cry1ac protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is a potent mucosal and systemic immunogen with adjuvant properties. interestingly, we have observed that cry1ac preferentially induces high specific igg responses in intestinal fluid when it is intraperitoneally administered to mice; therefore, in the present study, we used this protocol, as a model to address the influence of systemic immunization on the induction of the intestinal igg response. the data shown indicate that upon in ... | 2009 | 19906202 |
| partial purification and characterization of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) active aminopeptidase secreted in midgut. | we report the partial purification to apparent homogeneity of a soluble aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.1) from midgut of helicoverpa armigera larvae, which preferentially degraded leucine p-nitroanilide (lpna). after midgut isolation, extraction and precipitation of soluble proteins with acetone, proteins were purified in two consecutive steps including gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. aminopeptidase activity was increased 8.95 fold after gel filtration chromatography. the purified e ... | 2010 | 19913106 |
| effect of entomocidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis on ion permeability of apical membranes of tenebrio molitor larvae gut epithelium. | effects of entomocidal cry-type proteins, delta-endotoxins cry3a and cry11a produced by bacillus thuringiensis, on ion permeability of the apical membranes of intestinal epithelium from tenebrio molitor larvae midgut were studied. using potential-sensitive dyes safranine o and oxonol vi and deltaph indicator acridine orange, it was shown that placing brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) (loaded with mg2+ during their preparation) into a salt-free buffer medium resulted in spontaneous generation ... | 2009 | 19916922 |
| adhesion of spores of bacillus thuringiensis on a planar surface. | adhesion of spores of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and spherical silica particles on surfaces was experimentally and theoretically investigated in this study. topography analysis via atomic force microscopy (afm) and electron microscopy indicates that bt spores are rod shaped, approximately 1.3 mum in length and approximately 0.8 mum in diameter. the adhesion force of bt spores and silica particles on gold-coated glass was measured at various relative humidity (rh) levels by afm. it was expected ... | 2010 | 19928904 |
| candidate genes revealed by a genome scan for mosquito resistance to a bacterial insecticide: sequence and gene expression variations. | genome scans are becoming an increasingly popular approach to study the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation, but on their own, they are often helpless at identifying the specific gene(s) or mutation(s) targeted by selection. this shortcoming is hopefully bound to disappear in the near future, thanks to the wealth of new genomic resources that are currently being developed for many species. in this article, we provide a foretaste of this exciting new era by conducting a genome scan in the ... | 2009 | 19930593 |
| variant cry1ia toxins generated by dna shuffling are active against sugarcane giant borer. | sugarcane giant borer (telchin licus licus) is a serious sugarcane pest in americas whose endophytic lifestyle hampers effective chemical and biological controls. therefore, development of alternative control methods is extremely important. envisaging development of transgenic plants resistant to this pest, we investigated the effect of the bacillus thuringiensis cry protein cry1ia12synth (truncated protein lacking c-terminus with plant codon usage) and variants against t. l. licus. cry1ia12synt ... | 2010 | 19931577 |
| identification and application of aflp-derived genetic markers for quantitative pcr-based tracking of bacillus and paenibacillus spp. released in soil. | in this study, we show that noncoding sequences from amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) can provide robust and sensitive genetic markers suitable for pcr-based discrimination of closely related strains of bacillus and paenibacillus, and quantitative pcr (qpcr)-based tracking of the strains in complex natural systems like soil. quantitative pcr was accurate in the approximately 1 x 10(9) to approximately 1 x 10(4) colony forming units (cfu)/g soil range. the detection limit was impro ... | 2009 | 19935889 |
| bacillus thuringiensis serovars bolivia, vazensis and navarrensis meet the description of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group comprises six related species: b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides and b. weihenstephanensis. bacillus thuringiensis is a mesophile. it is distinguished from other members of the b. cereus group by the apparition of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis, however, is a psychrotolerant. it grows at 7 degrees c but not at 43 degrees c. it is further characterised by the presence of specific signature sequ ... | 2010 | 19937033 |
| wood losses and economical threshold of btk aerial spray operation against spruce budworm. | spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (clem.), causes cumulative defoliation and hence annual growth loss of the balsam fir, abies balsamea (l.) mill, host tree. annual growth increments of mixed balsam fir stands were measured by stem analysis over a 9 year period (1994-2002), when bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (btk) was applied to control spruce budworm defoliation. with this approach, it was possible to quantify the change in stand volume growth after aerial spray applications of bt ... | 2010 | 19938000 |
| high species richness of chironomidae (diptera) in temporary flooded wetlands associated with high species turn-over rates. | species richness and species turn-over of chironomidae was studied in irregularly flooded wetlands of the river dalälven flood-plains in central sweden. the chironomid fauna, sampled with emergence traps in six wetlands over six summers, contained as much as 135 species, and the cumulative species curves indicated that the regional species pool contain several more species. recurrent irregular floods may have induced this high chironomid species richness and the high species turn-over in the tem ... | 2010 | 19939319 |
| influence of environmental factors on the response of a natural population of daphnia magna (crustacea: cladocera) to spinosad and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in mediterranean coastal wetlands. | the present study was undertaken to assess the impact of a candidate mosquito larvicide, spinosad (8, 17 and 33 microg l(-1)) on a field population of daphnia magna under natural variations of water temperature and salinity, using bti (0.16 and 0.50 microl l(-1)) as the reference larvicide. microcosms (125 l) were placed in a shallow temporary marsh where d. magna was naturally present. the peak of salinity observed during the 21-day observation period may have been partly responsible for the de ... | 2010 | 19939529 |
| isolation and characterization of hyper phenol tolerant bacillus sp. from oil refinery and exploration sites. | bacillus cereus mtcc 9817 strain akg1 and b. cereus mtcc 9818 strain akg2 were isolated from petroleum refinery and oil exploration site, respectively. the 16s rdna sequence of strain akg1 showed the closest relation to b. cereus 99.63% and bacillus coagulans 99.63% followed by 99.34% homology with bacillus thuringiensis strain 2pr56-10. akg2 is mostly related to b. thuringiensis strain cmg 861 with 99.37% homology. the similarity search between akg1 and akg2 gave the lowest similarity 99.19% am ... | 2010 | 19945784 |
| alanine scanning analyses of the three major loops in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal toxin cry4aa. | cry4aa produced by bacillus thuringiensis is a dipteran-specific toxin and is of great interest for developing a bioinsecticide to control mosquitoes. therefore, it is very important to characterize the functional motif of cry4aa that is responsible for its mosquitocidal activity. in this study, to characterize a potential receptor binding site, namely, loops 1, 2, and 3 in domain ii, we constructed a series of cry4aa mutants in which a residue in these three loops was replaced with alanine. a b ... | 2010 | 19948851 |
| conjugative transfer of insecticidal plasmid pht73 from bacillus thuringiensis to b. anthracis and compatibility of this plasmid with pxo1 and pxo2. | bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is genetically close to and commonly shares a giant gene pool with b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. in view of the human pathogenicity and the long persistence in the environment of b. anthracis, there is growing concern about the effects of genetic exchange with b. anthracis on public health. in this work, we demonstrate that an insecticidal plasmid, pht73, from b. thuringiensis strain kt0 could be efficiently transferred into two attenuated b. ... | 2010 | 19948871 |
| a genome-wide survey for host response of silkworm, bombyx mori during pathogen bacillus bombyseptieus infection. | host-pathogen interactions are complex relationships, and a central challenge is to reveal the interactions between pathogens and their hosts. bacillus bombysepticus (bb) which can produces spores and parasporal crystals was firstly separated from the corpses of the infected silkworms (bombyx mori). bb naturally infects the silkworm can cause an acute fuliginosa septicaemia and kill the silkworm larvae generally within one day in the hot and humid season. bb pathogen of the silkworm can be used ... | 2009 | 19956592 |
| an alpha-amylase is a novel receptor for bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cry4ba and cry11aa toxins in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae). | bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) produces four cry toxins (cry4aa, cry4ba, cry10aa and cry11aa), and two cyt proteins (cyt1aa and cyt2ba), toxic to mosquito-larvae of the genus aedes, anopheles and culex, important human disease vectors that transmit dengue virus, malaria and filarial parasites respectively. previous work showed that bti is highly toxic to anopheles albimanus, the main vector for transmission of malaria in mexico. in this work, we analysed the toxicity of isolated c ... | 2010 | 20002140 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis hybrid protein against a lepidopteran and a coleopteran pest. | the use of cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are an important strategy for biological control. recently it has been demonstrated that cry hybrid proteins (by domain swapping) resulted in improved toxicities in comparison with parental proteins. here, an sn1917 hybrid toxin was constructed and tested against colombian pest insects tecia solanivora (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a severe potato pest, and hypothenemus hampei (coleoptera: scolytidae), which attacks coffee crops. the sn1917 proto ... | 2010 | 20002185 |
| gamma irradiation as a biological decontaminant and its effect on common fingermark detection techniques and dna profiling. | the use of disease-causing organisms and their toxins against the civilian population has defined bioterrorism and opened forensic science up to the challenges of processing contaminated evidence. this study sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation as an effective biological decontaminant and its effect on the recovery of latent fingermarks from both porous and nonporous items. test items were contaminated with viable spores marked with latent prints and then decontaminated using a cobal ... | 2010 | 20002271 |
| pretreatment of poultry litter improves bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides production. | pretreated poultry litter was used in batch cultures for the production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based biopesticide of lepidoptera- and diptera-specific cry1 and cry2, diptera-specific cry4ba and cry11aa and coleoptera-specific cry3aa toxins by bt subsp. kurstaki 81, subsp. israelensis hd500 and subsp. tenebrionis 3203, respectively. bt kurstaki 81 showed improved growth and produced more toxin in this medium as compared to other subspecies. base and acid hydrolysis were tested as the meth ... | 2010 | 20006924 |
| occurrence and field densities of coleoptera in the maize herb layer: implications for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified bt-maize. | beetles (coleoptera) are a diverse and ecologically important group of insects in agricultural systems. the environmental risk assessment (era) of genetically modified bt-crop varieties with insect resistances thus needs to consider and assess the potential negative impacts on non-target organisms belonging to this group. we analysed data gathered during 6 years of field-release experiments on the impact of two genetically modified bt-maize varieties (ostrinia-resistant mon810 and diabrotica-res ... | 2010 | 20012775 |
| genome scan in the mosquito aedes rusticus: population structure and detection of positive selection after insecticide treatment. | identification of genes involved in local adaptation is particularly challenging for species functioning as a network of interconnected populations undergoing frequent extinctions-recolonizations, because populations are submitted to contrasted evolutionary pressures. using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, population genetic structure of the mosquito aedes rusticus was analysed in five geographical areas of the french rhône-alpes region. we included a number of sites that were tre ... | 2010 | 20015143 |
| development of a personal bioaerosol sampler based on a conical cyclone with recirculating liquid film. | this article describes the development of a novel, high-performance personal aerosol sampler intended to monitor occupational air pollution, specifically, microbial constituents. this prototype sampler has a horizontally positioned conical cyclone with recirculating liquid film and an ejection supply of adsorptive liquid into the inlet nozzle. airborne pollutants were collected in the adsorptive liquid, thus improving the survivability of microbiological aerosol samples. experimental modules of ... | 2010 | 20017057 |
| cry toxins and proteinase inhibitors in transgenic plants do have non-zero effects on natural enemies in the laboratory: rebuttal to shelton et al. 2009. | 2009 | 20021745 | |
| appropriate analytical methods are necessary to assess nontarget effects of insecticidal proteins in gm crops through meta-analysis (response to andow et al. 2009). | 2009 | 20021746 | |
| physical characteristics of spores of food-associated isolates of the bacillus cereus group. | all 47 food-borne isolates of bacillus cereus sensu stricto, as well as 10 of 12 food-borne, enterotoxigenic isolates of bacillus thuringiensis, possessed appendages. spores were moderately to highly hydrophobic, and each had a net negative charge. these characteristics indicate that spores of food-associated b. thuringiensis and not only b. cereus sensu stricto have high potential to adhere to inert surfaces. | 2010 | 20023097 |
| impact of bacillus thuringiensis strains on survival, reproduction and foraging behaviour in bumblebees (bombus terrestris). | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and its protein crystals are used worldwide, either as a spray or when expressed in transgenic crops, for the control of pest insects. however, owing to their intensive use, there exists a debate regarding the involvement of this microbial insecticide in bee colony losses. in this study, in a tiered approach using laboratory microcolonies, an evaluation was made of the potential lethal and sublethal hazards on colony reproduction and foraging behaviour of workers of t ... | 2010 | 20024947 |
| characterisation and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains from hazelnut pests and fields. | in order to find and identify more toxic insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) strains, a survey was carried out of b. thuringiensis isolate pests belonging to coleoptera, lepidoptera and diptera and from soils in hazelnut fields. of 16 isolates having bacillus cereus-b. thuringiensis morphology, eight were classified as b. thuringiensis because of the production of parasporal delta-endotoxin crystals. | 2010 | 20024949 |
| [characterization of bacillus thuringiensis spoiii d gene mutation]. | construction and characterization of a spoiii d gene deletion mutant of bacillus thuringiensis. | 2009 | 20030053 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from western ghats of tamil nadu state, india. | the western ghats of india is the one of the world's 10 "hottest biodiversity hotspots" that runs along the western part of india through four states including tamil nadu. the only biodiversity reserve in the western ghats is the nilgiri biosphere located in the tamil nadu state. in the present study, 525 soil samples were collected from all the 14 different divisions of the western ghats in tamil nadu state, india. a total of 316 new isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) that produce paraspor ... | 2010 | 20033169 |
| characterization and expression of cry4cb1 and cry30ga1 from bacillus thuringiensis strain hs18-1. | we characterized a novel bacillus thuringiensis isolate native to china (hs18-1) that shows a spherical crystal harboring two major proteins of about 70 and 130kda, and contains three novel cry genes (cry4cb1, cry30ga1, cry54-type). furthermore, the cry4cb1 and cry30ga1 genes were expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3): plyss. insecticidal activity tests showed that the cry4cb1 protein exhibited larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti (diptera) and the cry30ga1 protein was toxic to both a. a ... | 2010 | 20034496 |
| antisera-mediated in vivo reduction of cry1ac toxicity in helicoverpa armigera. | a functional assessment of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin receptors in the midgut of lepidopteran insects will facilitate understanding of the toxin mode of action and provide effective strategies to counter the development of resistance. in this study, we produced anti-aminopeptidase (apn) and anti-cadherin sera with purified cry1ac toxin-binding apn or cadherin fragments from heliocoverpa armigera. antisera were evaluated for their effects on cry1ac toxicity through bioassays. our results i ... | 2010 | 20035762 |
| interactions between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 and midgut bacteria in larvae of gypsy moth and spruce budworm. | we examined interaction between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1 (foray 48b) and larval midgut bacteria in two lepidopteran hosts, lymantria dispar and choristoneura fumiferana. the pathogen multiplied in either moribund (c. fumiferana) or dead (l. dispar) larvae, regardless of the presence of midgut bacteria. inoculation of l. dispar resulted in a pronounced proliferation of enteric bacteria, which did not contribute to larval death because b. thuringiensis was able to kill larvae in ... | 2010 | 20035766 |
| occurrence of psychrotolerant bacillus cereus group strains in ice creams. | the occurrences of bacillus cereus group strains in 40 ice cream samples were investigated. among 109 isolated b. cereus group strains confirmed by 16s rdna sequence analysis only 50 were identified as b. cereus and one as b. thuringiensis by using fda (u.s. food and drug administration) standard, indicating the two identification standards were highly inconsistent. furthermore, the psychrotolerant growth properties and the occurrence of specific psychrotolerant genes of the isolates were also s ... | 2010 | 20036024 |
| the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 is involved in insect defense against cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | the insecticidal cry toxins are pore-forming toxins produced by the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis that disrupt insect-midgut cells. in this work we analyzed the response of two different insect orders, the lepidopteran manduca sexta and dipteran aedes aegypti to highly specific cry toxins, cry1ab and cry11aa, respectively. one pathway activated in different organisms in response to a variety of pore-forming toxins is the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 pathway (mapk p38) that activates a ... | 2010 | 20040372 |
| development of real time pcr assays for detection and quantification of transgene dna of a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid in soil samples. | real time pcr assays were developed to detect and quantify the transgene dna of a commercially released bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn (zea mays l.) hybrid (dkc42-23), which was derived from the event mon863 and also carried a neomycin phosphotransferase gene (the nptii gene). we applied the real time pcr assays to investigate the persistence of the transgene dna in a field trial grown with dkc42-23 over 3 years, in combination with bacterial natural transformation. the results showed that und ... | 2010 | 20044792 |
| a mathematical model of exposure of non-target lepidoptera to bt-maize pollen expressing cry1ab within europe. | genetically modified (gm) maize mon810 expresses a cry1ab insecticidal protein, derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), toxic to lepidopteran target pests such as ostrinia nubilalis. an environmental risk to non-target lepidoptera from this gm crop is exposure to harmful amounts of bt-containing pollen deposited on host plants in or near mon810 fields. an 11-parameter mathematical model analysed exposure of larvae of three non-target species: the butterflies inachis io (l.), vanessa atalanta ( ... | 2010 | 20053648 |
| changes in the haemocytes of agrotis ipsilon larvae (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in relation to dimilin and bacillus thuringiensis infections. | five types of haemocytes are observed in the fourth larval instar of the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon: prohaemocytes (prs), plasmatocytes (pls), granulocytes (grs), spherule cells (sps) and adipohaemocytes (ads). infection of a. ipsilon fourth larval instar with bacillus thuringiensis and dimilin resulted in a reduction of the total haemocyte count. changes in the differential haemocyte population during bacterial and dimilin infections have been assessed. the prs % decreased significantly whi ... | 2010 | 20056427 |
| field-evolved insect resistance to bt crops: definition, theory, and data. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins for insect pest control have been successful, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. here we review the definition of field-evolved resistance, the relationship between resistance and field control problems, the theory underlying strategies for delaying resistance, and resistance monitoring methods. we also analyze resistance monitoring data from five continents reported in 41 studies that evaluate responses of fi ... | 2009 | 20069826 |
| european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) infestation level and plant growth stage on whole-plant corn yield grown for silage in virginia. | field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of different levels of hand-infested third instar european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hiibner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), on whole-plant yield and plant growth stage in corn, zea mays l., grown for silage. in 2004 and 2005, european corn borer infestation level had a significant negative impact on whole-plant yield (grams of dry matter per plant) with increasing infestation; however, whole-plant yield was not significa ... | 2009 | 20069843 |
| assessing the susceptibility of cruciferous lepidoptera to cry1ba2 and cry1ca4 for future transgenic cruciferous vegetables. | advances in transgenic plants expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal gene(s) offer a promising alternative to traditional insecticides for control of lepidopteran pests on important cruciferous vegetable crops such as cabbage and cauliflower. a public-private partnership, the collaboration on insect management for brassicas in asia and africa (cimbaa), was formed in 2005 with the goal of developing dual-gene bt cauliflower and cabbage, initially for india, to replace the use of broa ... | 2009 | 20069851 |
| susceptibility of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to cry1ac and cry2ab2 insecticidal proteins in four countries of the west african cotton belt. | transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., producing cry1ac and cry2ab2 insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was first planted in burkina faso (west africa) in 2008. here, we provide the first baseline data on susceptibility of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) populations collected in west africa (benin, cameroon, nigeria, and chad) to cry1ac and cry2ab2 toxins incorporated separately or in combination in a semisynthetic diet. for populations collected in 2 ... | 2009 | 20069861 |
| presence and significance of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins associated with the andean weevil premnotrypes vorax (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the andean weevil premnotrypes vorax represents an important cause of damage to colombian potato crops. due to the impact of this plague on the economy of the country, we searched for new alternatives for its biological control, based on the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis. a total of 300 b. thuringiensis strains obtained from potato plantations infested with p. vorax were analyzed through crystal morphology, sds-page, pcr and bioassays. we used site-directed mutagenesis to modi ... | 2009 | 20073348 |
| mating patterns and bt resistance: the case of the european corn borer. | 2006 | 20076597 | |
| diverse cadherin mutations conferring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in helicoverpa armigera. | transgenic cotton expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins has been widely adopted to control some key lepidopteran pests including the bollworm helicoverpa armigera. evolution of resistance to bt cotton by target pests is a major threat to the continued success of bt cotton. previous results revealed 3 null alleles (r1-r3) of a cadherin gene (ha_btr) conferring cry1ac resistance in h. armigera. an f(1) screen of 123 single-pair families was conducted between a cry1ac-resistant strain (the ... | 2010 | 20079435 |
| midgut gpi-anchored proteins with alkaline phosphatase activity from the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) are putative receptors for the cry1b protein of bacillus thuringiensis. | cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are used for insect control. they interact with specific receptors located on the host cell surface and are activated by host proteases following receptor binding resulting in midgut epithelial cells lysis. in this work we had cloned, sequenced and expressed a cry1ba toxin gene from the b thuringiensis s601 strain which was previously shown to be toxic to anthonomus grandis, a cotton pest. the cry1ba6 protein expressed in an acrystaliferous b. thuringi ... | 2010 | 20079436 |
| the quorum-quenching n-acyl homoserine lactone acylase pvdq is an ntn-hydrolase with an unusual substrate-binding pocket. | in many gram-negative pathogens, their virulent behavior is regulated by quorum sensing, in which diffusible signals such as n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) act as chemical messaging compounds. enzymatic degradation of these diffusible signals by, e.g., lactonases or amidohydrolases abolishes ahl regulated virulence, a process known as quorum quenching. here we report the first crystal structure of an ahl amidohydrolase, the ahl acylase pvdq from pseudomonas aeruginosa. pvdq has a typical alph ... | 2010 | 20080736 |
| evidence of the involvement of e358, a498 and c571 of a new cry1ac delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis in its high insecticidal activity against ephestia kuehniella. | a new cry1ac-type gene was cloned from bacillus thuringiensis strain blb1, sequenced and expressed. the deduced amino acid sequence of the polypeptide has a predicted molecular mass of 132.186 kda. the amino acid sequence alignment of blb1 cry1ac with those of the published ones showed that this is a new delta-endotoxin. when compared with cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis strain hd1, it was found that blb1 cry1ac harbours three mutations: v358e localized in domain ii and v498a and y571c localize ... | 2010 | 20084474 |
| pepsin degradation of cry1a(b) protein purified from genetically modified maize (zea mays). | the aim of this work was to study the in vitro digestion of cry1a(b) protein by pepsin. to perform this work, a protein fraction purified from transgenic maize by immunoadsorption was employed. the undigested fraction showed several bands of molecular weight ranging between 14 and 70 kda when assayed by sds-page. these bands were identified as corresponding to cry1a(b) protein by immunochemical techniques and mass spectrometry. the rate of degradation of the purified fraction by pepsin estimated ... | 2010 | 20088594 |
| detection of cry1ab toxin in the leaves of mon 810 transgenic maize. | the distribution of cry1ab toxin was detected in the leaves of genetically modified maize of genetic event mon 810 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. cry1ab toxin contents in the leaves at reproductive (milk, r3) phenological stage were measured to be between 3,878 and 11,148 ng cry1ab toxin/g fresh weight. toxin content was significantly lesser (significant difference (sd) = 1,823 ng cry1ab toxin/g fresh leaf weight, p < 0.01) in leaves at the lowest leaf level, than at higher leaf levels, p ... | 2010 | 20091160 |
| inheritance of cry1ac resistance and associated biological traits in the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the analysis of reciprocal genetic crosses between resistant helicoverpa armigera strain (bh-r) (227.9-fold) with susceptible vadodara (va-s) strain showed dominance (h) of 0.65-0.89 and degree of dominance (d) of 0.299-0.782 suggesting cry1ac resistance as a semi-dominant trait. the d and h values of f(1) hybrids of female resistant parent were higher than female susceptible parent, showing maternally enhanced dominance of cry1ac resistance. the progeny of f(2) crosses, backcrosses of f(1) hybr ... | 2010 | 20097203 |
| a case study for assessment of microbial community dynamics in genetically modified bt cotton crop fields. | bt cotton was the first genetically modified crop approved for use in india. however, only a few studies have been conducted to assess the feasibility of its commercial application. bt cotton is genetically modified to express a proteinaceous endotoxin (cry) encoded by cry gene of bacillus thuringiensis that has specific insecticidal activity against bollworms. therefore, the amount of pesticides used for growing bt cotton is postulated to be considerably low as compared to their non-bt counterp ... | 2010 | 20098990 |
| the master transcription factor spo0a is required for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) accumulation and expression of genes involved in phb biosynthesis in bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that can accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) as a carbon and energy storage substance in response to nutritional stress. the regulatory mechanism for phb biosynthesis in b. thuringiensis and diverse bacillus species is still poorly understood. we now report that disruption of the sigh gene or the gene encoding the master sporulation transcription factor spo0a severely impaired phb accumulation in b. thuringiensis. complementa ... | 2010 | 20100285 |
| design, recombinant expression, and antibacterial activity of the cecropins-melittin hybrid antimicrobial peptides. | in order to evaluate their antibacterial activities and toxicities, the cecropins-melittin hybrid antimicrobial peptide, ca(1-7)-m(4-11) (cam) and cb(1-7)-m(4-11) (cbm), were designed by apd2 database. the recombinant hybrid antimicrobial peptides were successfully expressed and purified in pichia pastoris. antimicrobial activity assay showed that both of the two hybrid antimicrobial peptides had strong antibacterial abilities against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aerugino ... | 2010 | 20111863 |
| cloning, expression and characterisation of a promising mosquitocidal gene. | a new mosquitocidal gene, cyt1aa6, was isolated and cloned from the novel bacillus thuringiensis strain llp29, previously isolated from the phylloplane of magnolia denudata. nucleotide sequence analysis of cyt1aa6 indicated that the open reading frame consisted of 750 base pairs, encoding 249 amino acid sequences with a calculated molecular weight of 27.3681 kda and a pi value of 4.77. an homological comparison revealed that the cyt1aa6 amino acid sequence was 99% identical with those of known c ... | 2009 | 20112806 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in the control of two mosquito species (anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus). | bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) was used for controlling the mosquito species (anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus) which gave a significant (p<0.05) mortality in both species. the higher concentration of btk was highly effective compared to the control ones. the controlling effect was dose and time dependent. among the studied mosquitoes the c. quinquefasciatus (lc5 0.154%) was more susceptible than a. stephensi (lc50 0.372%) towards the bioinsecticide btk. | 2009 | 20120473 |
| comparative study of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ia and cry1aa delta-endotoxins: activation process and toxicity against prays oleae. | cry1ia and cry1aa proteins exhibited toxicities against prays oleae with lc(50) of 189 and 116 ng/cm(2), respectively. the ability to process cry1ia11 protoxin by trypsin, chymotrypsin and p. oleae larvae proteases was studied and compared to that of cry1aa11. after solubilization under high alkaline condition (50mm naoh), cry1aa11 was converted into a major fragment of 65 kda, whereas cry1ia11 protoxin was completely degraded by p. oleae larvae proteases and trypsin and converted into a major f ... | 2010 | 20123104 |
| a recombinant immunosuppressive protein from pimpla hypochondriaca (rvpr1) increases the susceptibility of lacanobia oleracea and mamestra brassicae larvae to bacillus thuringiensis. | the precise mechanisms underlying bacillus thuringiensis-mediated killing of pest insects are not clear. in some cases, death may be due to septicaemia caused by bt and/or gut bacteria gaining access to the insect haemocoel. since insects protect themselves from microbes using an array of cellular and humoral immune defences, we aimed to determine if a recombinant immunosuppressive wasp venom protein (rvpr1) could increase the susceptibility of two pest lepidoptera (lacanobia oleracea and mamest ... | 2010 | 20123105 |
| isolation, characterization and biological role of camelysin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the present study reports a simple rapid method for isolating the zinc-containing metalloprotease camelysin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) by extraction from intact bacterial cells with egg l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine containing monolamellar liposomes, followed by separation on a sucrose gradient. characterization of the isolated camelysin revealed a molecular weight of 23 kda and a pi of 6.2. the camelysin exhibited maximal activity against the substrate azocasein at a tem ... | 2010 | 20127334 |
| evaluation of community-based strategies for aedes aegypti control inside houses. | dengue viruses transmitted principally by the urban mosquito aedes aegypti, cause one of the major public health problems confronting tropical cities. insecticide spraying has been the mainstay of mosquito control; however, its continuous use has selected for resistance. other important methods of control involve community participation. | 2009 | 20128353 |
| rapid field detection assays for bacillus anthracis, brucella spp., francisella tularensis and yersinia pestis. | rapid detection is essential for timely initiation of medical post-exposure prophylactic measures in the event of intentional release of biological threat agents. we compared real-time pcr assay performance between the applied biosystems 7300/7500 and the razor instruments for specific detection of the causative agents of anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia and plague. furthermore, an assay detecting bacillus thuringiensis, a bacillus anthracis surrogate, was developed for field-training purposes. a ... | 2011 | 20132255 |
| malaria elimination: when the tools are great but implementation falters. | 2010 | 20133988 | |
| is mosquito larval source management appropriate for reducing malaria in areas of extensive flooding in the gambia? a cross-over intervention trial. | larviciding to control malaria was assessed in rural areas with extensive seasonal flooding. larval and adult mosquitoes and malaria incidence were surveyed routinely in four 100-km(2) areas either side of the gambia river. baseline data were collected in 2005. microbial larvicide was applied to all water bodies by hand application with water-dispersible granular formulations and corn granules weekly from may to november in two areas in 2006 and in the other two areas in 2007 in a cross-over des ... | 2010 | 20133989 |
| [bt toxic protein expression in insect-resistant transgenic corns and its transfer to and accumulation in ostrinia furnacalis]. | taking the insect-resistant transgenic corn varieties g03-2396 and g03-2739 and the conventional corn variety suyu 16 as test materials, a bioassay in laboratory was conducted to test their resistance against ostrinia furnacalis. the bt toxin expression in different tissues of the two transgenic corns, the ingestion of bt toxin by the 3rd and 5th instar of o. furnacalis, and the bt toxin amount in feces of o. furnacalis larvae fed with bt corns were analyzed by using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent- ... | 2009 | 20136015 |
| in vitro digestion of cry1ab proteins and analysis of the impact on their immunoreactivity. | a pepsin resistance test performed at ph 1.2 and with high pepsin to protein ratio is one of the steps of the weight-of-evidence approach used for assessment of allergenicity of new proteins. however, the use of other in vitro digestibility tests, performed in more physiologically relevant conditions and in combination with immunological assays so as to increase the value of the information gained from the studies of stability of a novel protein to digestion for the overall allergenicity assessm ... | 2010 | 20136083 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of delta-endotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis. | the delta-endotoxins (delta-etx) of four native strains (rt7, rt19, rt25, and rt25), and one reference strain (4l1) of bacillus thuringiensis were biochemically and molecularly characterized to determine their potential toxic activity against lepidopteran larvae. crystals of delta-etx were purified through a two-phase system to determine their morphology, molar mass, solubility, and resistance to proteinases. toxic activity and cry gene content were also determined. crystals from native strains ... | 2010 | 20140714 |
| evolution of resistance to the bacillus sphaericus bin toxin is phenotypically masked by combination with the mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis. | two insecticidal bacteria are used as larvicides to control larvae of nuisance and vector mosquitoes in many countries, bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis and b. sphaericus. field studies show both are effective, but serious resistance, as high as 50 000-fold, has evolved where b. sphaericus is used against culex mosquitoes. to improve efficacy and deal with even greater potential problems of resistance, we previously developed several recombinant larvicidal bacteria that combine the best m ... | 2010 | 20141526 |
| analysis of cry8ka5-binding proteins from anthonomus grandis (coleoptera: curculionidae) midgut. | biotech crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins present a valuable approach for insect control. cry8ka5, which is highly toxic to the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis), was used as a model to study toxin-ligand interactions. three cry-binding proteins were detected after toxin overlay assays. following de novo sequencing, a heat-shock cognate protein and a v-atpase were identified, whilst a approximately 120 kda protein remained unknown. additional cry8ka5-binding proteins were ... | 2010 | 20144614 |
| effects of transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protein on ground-dwelling collembolan community in postharvest seasons. | during 2005-2008, field studies were conducted at two locations in chongqing, china, to assess the potential effects of transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ab protein on the nontarget ground-dwelling collembolan community in three postharvest seasons. collembolans in non-bt and bt rice fields were sampled with pitfall traps during each of two postharvest seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 and litterbag traps during each of three postharvest seasons of 2005/2006, 2006/2007, ... | 2010 | 20146862 |
| india. after acrimonious debate, india rejects gm eggplant. | 2010 | 20150453 | |
| pore-forming properties of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry9ca in manduca sexta brush border membrane vesicles. | the toxicity and pore-forming ability of the bacillus thuringiensis cry9ca insecticidal toxin, its single-site mutants, r164a and r164k, and the 55-kda fragment resulting from its proteolytic cleavage at residue 164 were investigated using manduca sexta neonate larvae and fifth-instar larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles, respectively. neither the mutations nor the proteolytic cleavage altered cry9ca toxicity. compared with cry1ac, cry9ca and its mutants formed large poorly selective por ... | 2010 | 20153718 |
| spatial and temporal changes in genetic structure of greenhouse and field populations of cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | trichoplusia ni is a subtropical moth that migrates annually from southern california to southern british columbia, canada where it invades vegetable greenhouses and field crops. the heated greenhouse environment has altered the natural extinction-recolonization dynamics of t. ni populations, and allows year-round persistence in some locations. in addition, the extensive use of the biopesticide, bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (bt) in some greenhouses has selected for resistance. here ... | 2010 | 20163547 |
| evaluation [corrected] of transgenic event cbh 351 (starlink) corn in pig. | this study examined the influence of transgenic event cbh (starlink; sl)-derived hybrid corn on growth, health and physiological functions of pigs, as well as the possibility of transferring the cry9c gene or cry9c protein to the blood, liver or muscles, in comparison with pigs fed a diet with non-transgenic (isogenic) corn (non-sl). the diet for the sl group was composed of 70% sl corn, and the diet for the non-sl group was composed of 70% non-sl corn. forty pigs approximately 3 months in age w ... | 2010 | 20163679 |
| construction of a bacillus thuringiensis engineered strain with high toxicity and broad pesticidal spectrum against coleopteran insects. | a newly engineered strain, denominated biot185, was constructed through integrating the cry8ca2 gene into the endogenous plasmid of bt185 (contains cry8ea1) by homologous recombination. the thermosensitive plasmid vector was eliminated by the rising temperature of recombinant cultures. no antibiotic gene or other unnecessary genes were introduced to the new strain. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis demonstrated that the cry8ca2 gene was expressed ... | 2010 | 20165944 |
| characterization of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in plutella xylostella from china. | a field population (sz) of plutella xylostella, collected from the cabbage field in shenzhen, guangdong province of china in 2002, showed 2.3-fold resistance to cry1aa, 110-fold to cry1ab, 30-fold to cry1ac, 2.1-fold to cry1f, 5.3-fold to cry2aa and 6-fold resistance to bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) compared with a susceptible strain (roth). the szbt strain was derived from the sz population through 20 generations of selection with activated cry1ac in the laboratory. while the szbt ... | 2010 | 20167218 |
| characterization of a cry1ac toxin-binding alkaline phosphatase in the midgut from helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae. | midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases (malp) tethered to the brush border membrane surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor have been proposed as crucial for cry1ac intoxication. in the present work, two full-length cdnas-encoding alkaline phosphatases in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera larvae were cloned and named haalp1 (genbank accession no. eu729322) and haalp2 (genbank accession no. eu729323), respectively. these two clones displayed high identity (above 94%) at the a ... | 2010 | 20170658 |
| three kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors from the red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii and the characterization, function analysis of hcpcspi2. | three kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors, hcpcspi2, hppcspi3, and hppcspi4, with complete cdna sequences, were identified from a cdna library of the red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii. semi-quantitative rt-pcr shows that hcpcspi2 exists mainly in hemocytes while both hppcspi3 and hppcspi4 were detected in the hepatopancreas and the heart. homology comparison and phylogenic analysis indicate that hppcspi3 and hppcspi4 shared high identity and formed the same group, and both of them were ... | 2010 | 20170735 |
| role of alkaline phosphatase from manduca sexta in the mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis have been recognized as pore-forming toxins whose primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect. in the case of the cry1a toxins, a prepore oligomeric intermediate is formed after interaction with cadherin receptor. the cry1a oligomer then interacts with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptors. two manduca sexta glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, aminopeptidase (apn) and alkaline phosphatase (alp), have ... | 2010 | 20177063 |
| genetic transformation and pyramiding of aprotinin-expressing sugarcane with cry1ab for shoot borer (chilo infuscatellus) resistance. | we evaluated the insecticidal toxicity of cry1aa, cry1ab and cry1ac toxins against neonate larvae of sugarcane shoot borer chilo infuscatellus snellen (lepidoptera: crambidae) in vitro on diet surface. with the lowest lc(50) value, cry1ab emerged as the most effective among the three toxins. sugarcane cultivars co 86032 and coj 64 were transformed with cry1ab gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter through particle bombardment and agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems. gene pyramiding wa ... | 2010 | 20179936 |
| haematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by abamectin and bacillus thuringiensis in male albino rats. | the renal- and hepato-toxicity induced by abamectin pesticide (vertimec) and a commercial form of a bio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (agerin) in male albino rats were evaluated. blood picture and blood glucose level were investigated. male albino rats were administered dietary doses each equivalent to 1/10 or 1/100 of the ld50 values of each toxicant for 30 consecutive days. abamectin was found to pose risks of renal- and hepato-toxicity in rats, since the biochemical parameters of liver f ... | 2010 | 20194097 |
| immune responses of helicoverpa armigera to different kinds of pathogens. | insects react against pathogens through innate immunity. the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (h. armigera) is an important defoliator and an extremely destructive pest insect of many crops. the elucidation of the mechanism of the immune response of h. armigera to various pathogens can provide a theoretical basis for new approaches to biologically control this pest. | 2010 | 20196874 |
| development of an efficient expression system for flavobacterium strains. | strong promoters were isolated from flavobacterium johnsoniae in a promoter-trap vector incorporating a gfp reporter system, and were used to express fluorescent protein markers (including gfp, yfp, morange and mstrawberry) and insecticidal protein genes in flavobacterium strains. sequence analysis of trapped dna fragments showed conserved bacteroidetes promoter motifs (ttg-n(19)-tanntttg) located upstream of putative open reading frames. plasmids harboring these genomic dna fragments from f. jo ... | 2010 | 20206244 |
| three cry toxins in two types from bacillus thuringiensis strain m019 preferentially kill human hepatocyte cancer and uterus cervix cancer cells. | bacillus thuringiensis strain m019, non-pathogenic to lepidopteran and dipteran insects, produces a parasporal inclusion that consists of three 84-kda cry proteins (cps). cp78a and cp78b, which exhibit 83.5% amino acid identity, were new variants of the previously reported hela cell-killing protein (parasporin-1). cp84 was a novel cp showing low-level homology, of 21.9% (56.4% similarity), with the insecticidal cry2 toxin. in vitro solubilization with dithiothreitol at ph 10.2 and limited hydrol ... | 2010 | 20208360 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry5b protein is highly efficacious as a single-dose therapy against an intestinal roundworm infection in mice. | intestinal parasitic nematode diseases are one of the great diseases of our time. intestinal roundworm parasites, including hookworms, whipworms, and ascaris, infect well over 1 billion people and cause significant morbidity, especially in children and pregnant women. to date, there is only one drug, albendazole, with adequate efficacy against these parasites to be used in mass drug administration, although tribendimidine may emerge as a second. given the hundreds of millions of people to be tre ... | 2010 | 20209154 |
| wwp-1 is a novel modulator of the daf-2 insulin-like signaling network involved in pore-forming toxin cellular defenses in caenorhabditis elegans. | pore-forming toxins (pfts) are the single largest class of bacterial virulence factors. the daf-2 insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway, which regulates lifespan and stress resistance in caenorhabditis elegans, is known to mutate to resistance to pathogenic bacteria. however, its role in responses against bacterial toxins and pfts is as yet unexplored. here we reveal that reduction of the daf-2 insulin-like pathway confers the resistance of caenorhabditis elegans to cytolitic cr ... | 2010 | 20209166 |
| current procedures of the integrated urban vector-mosquito control as an example in cotonou (benin, west africa) and wrocław area (poland). | current strategy of integrated vector management (ivm) comprises the general approach of environmentally friendly control measures. with regard to mosquitoes it includes first of all application of microbial insecticides based on bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) and b. sphaericus (bs) delta-endotoxins as well as the reduction of breeding habitats and natural enemy augmentation. it can be achieved thorough implementation of the interdisciplinary program, i. e., understanding of mosquito v ... | 2009 | 20209805 |
| intraguild competition and enhanced survival of western bean cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on transgenic cry1ab (mon810) bacillus thuringiensis corn. | the effect of genetically modified corn (event mon810, yieldgard corn borer) expressing the bacillus thuringiensis sp. kurstaki (berliner) (bt) endotoxin, cry1ab, on the survival of western bean cutworm, striacosta albicosta (smith), larvae was examined during intraguild competition studies with either european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), or corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), larvae. competition scenarios were constructed by using either a laboratory or field competition arena ... | 2010 | 20214368 |
| density-dependent and density-independent mortality of the western corn rootworm: impact on dose calculations of rootworm-resistant bt corn. | the percentage of viable eggs of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, which survived to the adult stage was evaluated for the effect of egg density in 2005 and 2007 in central missouri. in 2005, each plot was 2.44 by 3.05 m and contained 64 maize (corn), zea mays l., plants. in 2007, plots were 3.05 by 3.05 m and again contained 64 corn plants. seven egg densities (2,400, 1,200, 600, 300, 100, 50, and 25 viable eggs per 30.5 cm) were evaluated with four to six repli ... | 2010 | 20214371 |
| evaluating western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) emergence and root damage in a seed mix refuge. | resistance management is essential for maintaining the efficacy and long-term durability of transgenic corn engineered to control western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera le conte). theoretically, a refuge can be provided by growing susceptible (refuge) plants in either a separate section of the field adjacent to resistant (transgenic) plants, or as a seed mixture. we examined the effects of varying the structure of a 10 and 20% refuge between currently approved structured refuges ( ... | 2010 | 20214380 |
| potential effect of a putative sigma(h)-driven promoter on the over expression of the cry1ac toxin of bacillus thuringiensis. | sequence analysis of the upstream region of the cry1ac gene in the hd-73 strain of b. thuringiensis showed a putative sigma(h)-like promoter. the potential regulating role of this sequence was tested by transforming an acrystaliferous mutant of the hd-73 strain with three different constructs: (1) a construct consisting of the sigma(h)-, sigma(e)- and sigma(k)-like promoters, the 0a box, and the cry1ac coding sequence (ek0ah); (2) a derivative construct that lacked the sigma(h)-promoter (ek0a); ... | 2010 | 20223249 |
| discovery of a highly synergistic anthelmintic combination that shows mutual hypersusceptibility. | the soil-transmitted helminths or nematodes (hookworms, whipworms, and ascaris) are roundworms that infect more than 1 billion of the poorest peoples and are leading causes of morbidity worldwide. few anthelmintics are available for treatment, and only one is commonly used in mass drug administrations. new anthelmintics are urgently needed, and crystal (cry) proteins made by bacillus thuringiensis are promising new candidates. combination drug therapies are considered the ideal treatment for inf ... | 2010 | 20231450 |
| targeted proteomics approach to species-level identification of bacillus thuringiensis spores by ap-maldi-ms. | anthrax infections progress at a rapid pace, making rapid detection methods of utmost importance. maldi-ms proteomics methods focused on bacillus anthracis detection have targeted chromosomally encoded proteins, which are highly conserved between closely related species, hindering species identification. presented here is an ap-maldi-ms method targeting plasmid-borne proteins from bacillus spores for species-level identification. a bioinformatics analysis revealed that 60.3% and 75.4% of tryptic ... | 2010 | 20236838 |
| binding affinity and larvicidal activity of a novel vegetative insecticidal protein vip3v. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a well-known entomo-pathogen. strains of bt. that are toxic to a variety of insects belonging to various orders such as lepidoptera, diptera and coleoptra have been identified, their larvicidal proteins isolated, characterized and used extensively in agriculture for protecting the economically important crops against these pests. recently a novel group of vegetative insecticidal genes, vip3s and vip3v coding for 789-amino acid (88.5 kda) protein in bacillus thuring ... | 2009 | 20237448 |
| characterization and expression of a novel holotype insecticidal crystal protein gene from native bacillus thuringiensis bm59-2. | we characterized a novel holotype cry gene (cry52ba1) harbored in a bacillus thuringiensis isolate bm59-2 native to china that expresses a spherical crystal protein of about 80 kda. in this study, the full length of the cry52ba1 gene was cloned from this strain. sequence analysis of the gene was also performed. furthermore, cry52ba1 was expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de)plyss, and the resulting insecticidal activity showed that the cry52ba1 protein exhibited high larvicidal activity against ... | 2010 | 20237577 |
| mode of action of thuricin s, a new class iid bacteriocin from bacillus thuringiensis. | different methods were used to elucidate the mode of action of thuricin s, a new class iid bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus hd198. according to cell viability tests, thuricin s was shown to exert a bactericidal effect on the sensitive cells of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmastadiensis 10t. the use of the fluorescent probe 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide as an indicator proved that thuricin s interacts with the cytoplasmic membrane to dissipate the tran ... | 2010 | 20237578 |
| india. hardy cotton-munching pests are latest blow to gm crops. | 2010 | 20299559 | |
| pretreatment with cry1ac protoxin modulates the immune response, and increases the survival of plasmodium-infected cba/ca mice. | malaria is a major global health problem that kills 1-2 million people each year. despite exhaustive research, naturally acquired immunity is poorly understood. cry1a proteins are potent immunogens with adjuvant properties and are able to induce strong cellular and humoral responses. in fact, it has been shown that administration of cry1ac protoxin alone or with amoebic lysates induces protection against the lethal infection caused by the protozoa naegleria fowleri. in this work, we studied whet ... | 2010 | 20300584 |
| lepidopteran-active variable-region sequence imparts coleopteran activity in ecry3.1ab, an engineered bacillus thuringiensis hybrid insecticidal protein. | a unique, coleopteran-active protein, termed ecry3.1ab, was generated following variable-region exchange of a bacillus thuringiensis lepidopteran-active protein, cry1ab, with a cry3a region. our results support the hypothesis that this variable-region exchange is responsible for imparting strong bioactivity against the larvae of western corn rootworm (wcr) (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte), a pest species which is not susceptible to either parent protein sequence. this study demonstrates ... | 2010 | 20305020 |
| compatibility of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis and chemical insecticides. 1. effect of insecticide doses on bacterial replication rate. | 1971 | 20333834 | |
| suppression of four hardwood defoliators by helicopter application of concentrate and dilute chemical and biological sprays. | 1971 | 20333846 | |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis, varieties thuringiensis and galleriae, against fall cankerworm. | 1971 | 20333852 |