Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| inactivation of human norovirus and its surrogates on alfalfa seeds by aqueous ozone. | alfalfa sprouts have been associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks. previous studies investigated the effectiveness of aqueous ozone on bacterially contaminated seeds, yet little is known about the response of human norovirus (hunov). this study assessed aqueous ozone for the disinfection of alfalfa seeds contaminated with hunov and its surrogates. the inactivation of viruses without a food matrix was also investigated. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with hunov genogroup ii, tulane virus (tv) ... | 2015 | 26219375 |
| artifact-free quantification and sequencing of rare recombinant viruses by using drop-based microfluidics. | recombination is an important driver in the evolution of viruses and thus is key to understanding viral epidemics and improving strategies to prevent future outbreaks. characterization of rare recombinant subpopulations remains technically challenging because of artifacts such as artificial recombinants, known as chimeras, and amplification bias. to overcome this, we have developed a high-throughput microfluidic technique with a second verification step in order to amplify and sequence single re ... | 2015 | 26247541 |
| efficacy of common disinfectant/cleaning agents in inactivating murine norovirus and feline calicivirus as surrogate viruses for human norovirus. | the efficacies of disinfection by sodium hypochlorite, accelerated hydrogen peroxide (ahp), and quaternary ammonium compound (quat) commonly used in health care facilities were determined using the surrogate viruses murine norovirus (mnv-1) and feline calicivirus (fcv). | 2015 | 26254499 |
| rapid, simple and efficient method for detection of viral genomes on raspberries. | in recent years, foodborne viruses, especially human noroviruses (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav), have been increasingly reported as the causes of foodborne disease outbreaks. soft red fruits, especially raspberries, have a high incidence among the types of food concerned. due to low infectious doses and low concentrations of enteric viruses in food samples, it is necessary to have an efficient and rapid detection method to implement prevention measures. a standard method for virus detection a ... | 2015 | 26318917 |
| a synergy effect of trisodium phosphate and ethanol on inactivation of murine norovirus 1 on lettuce and bell pepper. | the synergy effect of trisodium phosphate (tsp) and ethanol against murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), as a surrogate for human noroviruses, on fresh produces was evaluated. more than 2% (w/v) of tsp effectively inactivated mnv-1. the single treatment of 1% tsp or 30% ethanol for 30 min was not effective on mnv-1; however, cotreatment showed inactivation of mnv-1 on stainless steel and the produces of lettuce and bell pepper under 15 min. the results suggest that cotreatment of tsp and ethanol at a low ... | 2015 | 26323270 |
| antiviral effects of grape seed extract against feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in model food systems and under gastric conditions. | grape seed extract (gse) has antiviral activities against hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (fcv-f9) and murine norovirus (mnv-1)). the objectives of this study were to determine (1) time and dose-dependence of gse against fcv-f9, mnv-1, and hav at room temperature (rt) and 37 °c over 24 h; and (2) gse effects in model foods (apple juice (aj) and 2% milk) and simulated gastric conditions at 37 °c. viruses at ∼5 log pfu/ml were treated with 0.5-8 mg/ml gse ... | 2015 | 26338111 |
| evaluation of survival of murine norovirus-1 during sauerkraut fermentation and storage under standard and low-sodium conditions. | sodium reduction strategies have raised a few concerns in regards to possible outbreaks in unpasteurised raw fermented vegetables. among potential outbreak agents, foodborne viruses are recognized as an important cause of food-borne illnesses. as most of them are acid-resistant, evaluation of the efficacy of lactic fermentation in inactivating enteric viruses must be considered to ensure the safety of these foods. in particular with the sodium reduction trend which could impair adequate fermenta ... | 0 | 26338124 |
| protective role of murine norovirus against pseudomonas aeruginosa acute pneumonia. | the murine norovirus (mnv) is a recently discovered mouse pathogen, representing the most common contaminant in laboratory mouse colonies. nevertheless, the effects of mnv infection on biomedical research are still unclear. we tested the hypothesis that mnv infection could alter immune response in mice with acute lung infection. here we report that co-infection with mnv increases survival of mice with pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung injury and decreases in vivo production of pro-inflammatory c ... | 2015 | 26338794 |
| a cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) sensor reveals inter- and intragenogroup variations in norovirus protease activity and polyprotein cleavage. | the viral protease represents a key drug target for the development of antiviral therapeutics. because many protease inhibitors mimic protease substrates, differences in substrate recognition between proteases may affect their sensitivity to a given inhibitor. here we use a cell-based fret sensor to investigate the activity of different norovirus proteases upon cleavage of various norovirus cleavage sites inserted into a linker region separating cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent pr ... | 2015 | 26363064 |
| recovery and disinfection of two human norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus and murine norovirus, from hard nonporous and soft porous surfaces. | human norovirus is a leading cause of foodborne disease and can be transmitted through many routes, including environmental exposure to fomites. in this study, both the recovery and inactivation of two human norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv), on hard nonporous surfaces (glass) and soft porous surfaces (polyester and cotton) were evaluated by both plaque assay and reverse transcription quantitative pcr method. two disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite (8.25%) ... | 2015 | 26408133 |
| solar water disinfection (sodis): impact on hepatitis a virus and on a human norovirus surrogate under natural solar conditions. | this study evaluates the effectiveness of solar water disinfection (sodis) in the reduction and inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) and of the human norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (mnv-1), under natural solar conditions. experiments were performed in 330 ml polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles containing hav or mnv-1 contaminated waters (10(3) pfu/ml) that were exposed to natural sunlight for 2 to 8 h. parallel experiments under controlled temperature and/or in darkness conditions ... | 2015 | 26415666 |
| comparative virucidal efficacy of seven disinfectants against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, surrogates of human norovirus. | human noroviruses (hunov) are the leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and can be transmitted either by person-to-person contact or by consumption of contaminated food. a knowledge of an efficient disinfection for both hands and food-contact surfaces is helpful for the food sector and provides precious information for public health. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seven disinfectants belonging to different groups of biocides (alcohol, halogen, oxidiz ... | 2016 | 26445948 |
| murine norovirus infection variably alters atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein e. | macrophages play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. murine noroviruses (mnv) are highly prevalent in research mouse colonies and infect macrophages and dendritic cells. our laboratory found that mnv4 infection in mice lacking the ldl receptor alters the development of atherosclerosis, potentially confounding research outcomes. therefore, we investigated whether mnv4 likewise altered atherosclerosis in apoe(-/-) mice. in the presence of oxidized ldl, mnv4 infection of apoe(-/-) bon ... | 2015 | 26473341 |
| inactivation kinetics and mechanism of a human norovirus surrogate on stainless steel coupons via chlorine dioxide gas. | acute gastroenteritis caused by human norovirus is a significant public health issue. fresh produce and seafood are examples of high-risk foods associated with norovirus outbreaks. food contact surfaces also have the potential to harbor noroviruses if exposed to fecal contamination, aerosolized vomitus, or infected food handlers. currently, there is no effective measure to decontaminate norovirus on food contact surfaces. chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas is a strong oxidizer and is used as a decontam ... | 2015 | 26475110 |
| virus recovering from strawberries: evaluation of a skimmed milk organic flocculation method for assessment of microbiological contamination. | skimmed milk organic flocculation method was adapted, optimized and compared with polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation and filtration methods for recovering viruses from a strawberry matrix. spiking experiments with norovirus genogroup ii genotype 4 (nov gii.4) and murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1) demonstrated that the organic flocculation method associated with a glycine elution buffer, filter bag and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab) showed a recovery percentage of 2.5 and 32 times higher tha ... | 2016 | 26476572 |
| the virucidal effects against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus f4 as surrogates for human norovirus by the different additive concentrations of ethanol-based sanitizers. | since human norovirus is non-cultivable, murine norovirus and feline calicivirus have been used as surrogates. in this study, the virucidal effects of ethanol-based sanitizers with different concentrations of additives (malic acid/sodium malate, glycerin-fatty acid ester) against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus f4 were examined. the ethanol-based sanitizers at ph 7 showed sufficient virucidal effects, but glycerin-fatty acid ester included in ethanol-based sanitizers at ph 4 or 6 reduced ... | 2016 | 26482918 |
| viability and heat resistance of murine norovirus on bread. | contaminated bread was the cause of a large-scale outbreak of norovirus disease in japan in 2014. contamination of seafood and uncooked food products by norovirus has been reported several times in the past; however the outbreak resulting from the contamination of bread products was unusual. a few reports on the presence of norovirus on bread products are available; however there have been no studies on the viability and heat resistance of norovirus on breads, which were investigated in this stu ... | 2016 | 26485672 |
| murine norovirus (mnv-1) exposure in vitro to the purine nucleoside analog ribavirin increases quasispecies diversity. | ribavirin is a pharmaceutical antiviral used for the treatment of rna virus infections including norovirus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus, lassa virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. despite the drug's history and documented efficacy, the antiviral mechanism of ribavirin remains unclear. mechanisms proposed include depletion of the intracellular gtp pool, immunomodulatory effects, induction of error catastrophe, inhibition of viral polymerase activity, and/or inhibition of v ... | 2016 | 26494169 |
| nlrp6 regulates intestinal antiviral innate immunity. | the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (nlrp) 6 maintains gut microbiota homeostasis and regulates antibacterial immunity. we now report a role for nlrp6 in the control of enteric virus infection. nlrp6(-/-) and control mice systemically challenged with encephalomyocarditis virus had similar mortality; however, the gastrointestinal tract of nlrp6(-/-) mice exhibited increased viral loads. nlrp6(-/-) mice orally infected with encephalomyocarditis virus had increased mortality ... | 2015 | 26494172 |
| abiotic stress and phyllosphere bacteria influence the survival of human norovirus and its surrogates on preharvest leafy greens. | foodborne outbreaks of human noroviruses (hunovs) are frequently associated with leafy greens. because there is no effective method to eliminate hunov from postharvest leafy greens, understanding virus survival under preharvest conditions is crucial. the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of hunov and its surrogate viruses, murine norovirus (mnv), porcine sapovirus (sav), and tulane virus (tv), on preharvest lettuce and spinach that were subjected to abiotic stress (physical da ... | 2015 | 26497461 |
| a membrane-based electro-separation method (mbes) for sample clean-up and norovirus concentration. | noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne illnesses in the united states. enhanced methods for detecting noroviruses in food matrices are needed as current methods are complex, labor intensive and insensitive, often resulting in inhibition of downstream molecular detection and inefficient recovery. membrane-based electro-separation (mbes) is a technique to exchange charged particles through a size-specific dialysis membrane from one solution to another using electr ... | 2015 | 26513464 |
| survival and transfer of murine norovirus within a hydroponic system during kale and mustard microgreen harvesting. | hydroponically grown microgreens are gaining in popularity, but there is a lack of information pertaining to their microbiological safety. the potential risks associated with virus contamination of crops within a hydroponic system have not been studied to date. here a human norovirus (hunov) surrogate (murine norovirus [mnv]) was evaluated for its ability to become internalized from roots to edible tissues of microgreens. subsequently, virus survival in recirculated water without adequate disinf ... | 2015 | 26567309 |
| oral norovirus infection is blocked in mice lacking peyer's patches and mature m cells. | a critical early step in murine norovirus (mnv) pathogenesis is crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target cells for replication, i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and b cells. our previous work showed that mnv replication decreases in the intestines of mice conditionally depleted of microfold (m) cells. to define the importance of peyer's patch (pp) m cells during mnv pathogenesis, we used a model of balb/c mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 2 (rag2) and the c ... | 2015 | 26581993 |
| infection of murine macrophages by salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg blocks murine norovirus infectivity and virus-induced apoptosis. | gastroenteritis caused by bacterial and viral pathogens constitutes a major public health threat in the united states accounting for 35% of hospitalizations. in particular, salmonella enterica and noroviruses cause the majority of gastroenteritis infections, with emergence of sporadic outbreaks and incidence of increased infections. although mechanisms underlying infections by these pathogens have been individually studied, little is known about the mechanisms regulating co-infection by these pa ... | 2015 | 26658916 |
| efficacy of oxidizing disinfectants at inactivating murine norovirus on ready-to-eat foods. | noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness, and ready-to-eat foods are frequent vehicles of their transmission. studies of the disinfection of fruits and vegetables are becoming numerous. it has been shown that strong oxidizing agents are more effective than other chemical disinfectants for inactivating enteric viruses. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oxidizing disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, chloride dioxide and peracetic acid) at inactivating noroviruses o ... | 0 | 26686597 |
| treatment with a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor reduces shedding of murine norovirus in stool to undetectable levels without emergence of drug-resistant variants. | prolonged norovirus shedding may occur in certain patients, such as organ transplant recipients. we established a mouse model for persistent norovirus infection (using the mouse norovirus mnv.cr6 strain). the nucleoside viral polymerase inhibitor 2'-c-methylcytidine (2cmc), but not favipiravir (t-705), reduced viral shedding to undetectable levels. viral rebound was observed after stopping treatment, which was again effectively controlled by treatment with 2cmc. no drug-resistant variants emerge ... | 2015 | 26711754 |
| regulation of norovirus virulence by the vp1 protruding domain correlates with b cell infection efficiency. | human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis across the globe, but the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease are not well established. the availability of a murine norovirus model system provides the opportunity to elucidate viral and host determinants of virulence in a natural host. for example, previous studies have revealed that the protruding domain of the murine norovirus capsid protein vp1, specifically residue 296 of vp1, regulates virulent infection. we identified a p ... | 2015 | 26719276 |
| a conserved interaction between a c-terminal motif in norovirus vpg and the heat-1 domain of eif4g is essential for translation initiation. | translation initiation is a critical early step in the replication cycle of the positive-sense, single-stranded rna genome of noroviruses, a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. norovirus rna, which has neither a 5´ m7g cap nor an internal ribosome entry site (ires), adopts an unusual mechanism to initiate protein synthesis that relies on interactions between the vpg protein covalently attached to the 5´-end of the viral rna and eukaryotic initiation factors (eifs) in the host cell. for mur ... | 2016 | 26734730 |
| advances toward a norovirus antiviral: from classical inhibitors to lethal mutagenesis. | human noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, yet there are no licensed antivirals. there is an urgent need for norovirus therapeutics, particularly for chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals, but also a potential need for prophylactic use in epidemics. continued research has led to the identification of compounds that inhibit norovirus replication in vitro and, at least in some cases, are also effective in vivo against murine norovirus. progress has included c ... | 2016 | 26744429 |
| histologic lesions induced by murine norovirus infection in laboratory mice. | murine noroviruses (mnvs) are highly prevalent in laboratory mice, can cause persistent infections, and have been shown to infect macrophages, dendritic cells, and b cells. to address the potential impact of mnv infection on research outcomes, numerous studies have been conducted with various mouse models of human disease and have generated mixed results, ranging from no impact to significant disease. many of these studies included histologic evaluations after mnv infection, and these results ha ... | 2016 | 26792844 |
| thermal inactivation of enteric viruses and bioaccumulation of enteric foodborne viruses in live oysters (crassostrea virginica). | human enteric viruses are among the main causative agents of shellfish-associated outbreaks. in this study, the kinetics of viral bioaccumulation in live oysters and the heat stabilities of the predominant enteric viruses were determined both in tissue culture and in oyster tissues. a human norovirus (hunov) gii.4 strain, hunov surrogates (murine norovirus [mnv-1], tulane virus [tv]), hepatitis a virus (hav), and human rotavirus (rv) bioaccumulated to high titers within oyster tissues, with diff ... | 2016 | 26826225 |
| hydrogen peroxide vapor decontamination in a patient room using feline calicivirus and murine norovirus as surrogate markers for human norovirus. | to determine whether hydrogen peroxide vapor (hpv) could be used to decontaminate caliciviruses from surfaces in a patient room. | 2016 | 26861195 |
| epa method 1615. measurement of enterovirus and norovirus occurrence in water by culture and rt-qpcr. part iii. virus detection by rt-qpcr. | epa method 1615 measures enteroviruses and noroviruses present in environmental and drinking waters. this method was developed with the goal of having a standardized method for use in multiple analytical laboratories during monitoring period 3 of the unregulated contaminant monitoring rule. herein we present the protocol for extraction of viral ribonucleic acid (rna) from water sample concentrates and for quantitatively measuring enterovirus and norovirus concentrations using reverse transcripti ... | 2016 | 26862985 |
| development and virucidal activity of a novel alcohol-based hand disinfectant supplemented with urea and citric acid. | hand disinfectants are important for the prevention of virus transmission in the health care system and environment. the development of broad antiviral spectrum hand disinfectants with activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses is limited due to a small number of permissible active ingredients able to inactivate viruses. | 2016 | 26864562 |
| tlr-7 activation enhances il-22-mediated colonization resistance against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. | antibiotic administration can disrupt the intestinal microbiota and down-regulate innate immune defenses, compromising colonization resistance against orally acquired bacterial pathogens. vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre), a major cause of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitalized patients, thrives in the intestine when colonization resistance is compromised, achieving extremely high densities that can lead to bloodstream invasion and sepsis. viral infections, by mechanisms t ... | 2016 | 26912904 |
| inactivation of murine norovirus-1 in the edible seaweeds capsosiphon fulvescens and hizikia fusiforme using gamma radiation. | this study investigated the effects of gamma radiation (3-10 kgy) upon the inactivation of murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1), a human norovirus (nov) surrogate. the edible green and brown algae, fulvescens (capsosiphon fulvescens) and fusiforme (hizikia fusiforme), respectively, were experimentally contaminated with 5-6 log10 plaque forming units (pfu)/ml mnv-1. the titer of mnv-1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as the dose of gamma radiation increased. mnv-1 titer decreased to 1.16-2.46 log10 pfu/m ... | 2016 | 26919820 |
| lack of transmission of murine norovirus to mice via in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and ovary transplantation. | since its discovery in 2003, murine norovirus (mnv) is still endemic in many rodent animal facilities. our aim was to determine the risk of transmission of mnv (91% homology to mnv3) to embryo recipients and pups via assisted reproductive technologies, especially those which compromise the integrity of the zona pellucida. in vitro fertilization (ivf), assisted in vitro fertilization (aivf) with reduced glutathione, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and ovary transplantation were performed. murin ... | 2016 | 26972226 |
| antiviral effects of black raspberry (rubus coreanus) seed extract and its polyphenolic compounds on norovirus surrogates. | black raspberry seeds, a byproduct of wine and juice production, contain large quantities of polyphenolic compounds. the antiviral effects of black raspberry seed extract (rcs) and its fraction with molecular weight less than 1 kda (rcs-f1) were examined against food-borne viral surrogates, murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) and feline calicivirus-f9 (fcv-f9). the maximal antiviral effect was achieved when rcs or rcs-f1 was added simultaneously to cells with mnv-1 or fcv-f9, reaching complete inhibition ... | 2016 | 26983677 |
| efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against enteric viruses and its activity after incorporation into biodegradable multilayer systems of interest in food packaging. | cinnamaldehyde (cnma), an organic compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor, was investigated for its virucidal activity on norovirus surrogates, murine norovirus (mnv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). initially, different concentrations of cnma (0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) were individually mixed with each virus at titers of ca. 6-7 log10 tcid50/ml and incubated 2 h at 4 and 37 °c. cnma was effective in reducing the titers of norovirus surrogates in a dose-dependent manne ... | 2016 | 27008344 |
| current tools for norovirus drug discovery. | rapid transmission of norovirus often occurs due to its low infectious dosage, high genetic diversity and its short incubation time. the viruses cause acute gastroenteritis and may lead to death. presently, no effective vaccine or selective drugs accepted by the united states food and drug administration (fda) are available for the treatment of norovirus. advances in the development of norovirus replicon cell lines, gii.4-sydney hunov strain human b cells, and murine and gnotobiotic pig noroviru ... | 2016 | 27108716 |
| anti-infective activity of 2-cyano-3-acrylamide inhibitors with improved drug-like properties against two intracellular pathogens. | due to the rise of antibiotic resistance and the small number of effective antiviral drugs, new approaches for treating infectious diseases are urgently needed. identifying targets for host-based therapies represents an emerging strategy for drug discovery. the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a central mode of signaling in the eukaryotic cell and may be a promising target for therapies that bolster the host's ability to control infection. deubiquitinase (dub) enzymes are key regulators of the hos ... | 2016 | 27139470 |
| feline calicivirus infection disrupts assembly of cytoplasmic stress granules and induces g3bp1 cleavage. | in response to stress such as virus infection, cells can stall translation by storing mrnas away in cellular compartments called stress granules (sgs). this defense mechanism favors cell survival by limiting the use of energy and nutrients until the stress is resolved. in some cases it may also block viral propagation as viruses are dependent on the host cell resources to produce viral proteins. human norovirus is a member of the caliciviridae family responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks wor ... | 2016 | 27147742 |
| antiviral effect of vitamin a on norovirus infection via modulation of the gut microbiome. | the effect and underlying mechanism of vitamin a on norovirus infection are largely unknown. this study aimed to investigate how vitamin a administration affects the gut microbiome after norovirus infection. here, we demonstrate that treatment with either retinol or retinoic acid (ra) inhibits murine norovirus (mnv) replication using both in vitro and in vivo models. compositional changes in the gut microbiome associated with ra administration and/or norovirus infection were also investigated. o ... | 2016 | 27180604 |
| post-exposure antiviral treatment of norovirus infections effectively protects against diarrhea and reduces virus shedding in the stool in a mortality mouse model. | noroviruses are a leading cause of gastroenteritis across the world in all age groups and are linked to increased hospitalization and mortality in children, the elderly and immunocompromised. the development of specific antiviral treatment for norovirus gastroenteritis is urgently needed. we explored in a mouse model whether an inhibitor of norovirus replication could be used therapeutically post murine norovirus (mnv)-infection of mice. using the mnv, we previously discovered that the viral pol ... | 2016 | 27252124 |
| select membrane proteins modulate mnv-1 infection of macrophages and dendritic cells in a cell type-specific manner. | noroviruses cause gastroenteritis in humans and other animals, are shed in the feces, and spread through the fecal-oral route. host cellular expression of attachment and entry receptors for noroviruses is thought to be a key determinant of cell tropism and the strict species-specificity. however, to date, only carbohydrates have been identified as attachment receptors for noroviruses. thus, we investigated whether host cellular proteins play a role during the early steps of norovirus infection. ... | 2016 | 27264433 |
| infection with the persistent murine norovirus strain mnv-s99 suppresses ifn-beta release and activation of stat1 in vitro. | norovirus infection is the main cause of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. although human norovirus (hunov) infection is self-limiting, it can persist for extended periods of time in immune deficient patients. due to the lack of robust cell culture and small animal systems, little is known about hunov pathogenicity. however, murine norovirus (mnv) can be propagated in cell culture and is used as a model to study norovirus infection. several mnv are known to persist in mice. in th ... | 2016 | 27294868 |
| transfer of pathogens from cantaloupe rind to preparation surfaces and edible tissue as a function of cutting method. | whole and cut cantaloupes have been implicated as vehicles in foodborne illness outbreaks of norovirus, salmonellosis, and listeriosis. preparation methods that minimize pathogen transfer from external surfaces to the edible tissue are needed. two preparation methods were compared for the transfer of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, murine norovirus, and tulane virus from inoculated cantaloupe rinds to edible tissue and preparation surfaces. for the first meth ... | 2016 | 27296423 |
| effects of murine norovirus on chlamydia pneumoniae-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoe(-/-) mice. | chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn), a common respiratory pathogen of humans, is associated with human cardiovascular disease and the acceleration of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animal models. our laboratory has demonstrated that murine norovirus (mnv), a prevalent infection of laboratory mice, can unpredictably alter atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ldlr(-/-) and apoe(-/-) mice. given that mnv has a tropism for macrophages and may exacerbate atherogenesis, we investigated whether coinfection with ... | 2016 | 27298243 |
| reduction of enteric viruses by blueberry juice and blueberry proanthocyanidins. | blueberry and blueberry extracts are known for their health benefits and antimicrobial properties. natural therapeutic or preventive options to decrease the incidences of foodborne viral illnesses are becoming popular and being researched. this study aimed to determine the antiviral effects of blueberry juice (bj) and blueberry proanthocyanidins (bb-pac, b-type pac structurally different from a-type pac found in cranberries) against the infectivity of hepatitis a virus (hav) and human norovirus ... | 2016 | 27299641 |
| viability of murine norovirus in salads and dressings and its inactivation using heat-denatured lysozyme. | in recent years, a number of food poisoning outbreaks due to the contamination of norovirus in ready-to-eat (rte) foods such as salads have been reported, and this issue is regarded as a global problem. the risk of contamination of fresh vegetables with norovirus has been previously reported, but the survivability of norovirus that contaminates salads remains unknown. in addition, there have been limited reports on the control of norovirus in food products by using inactivating agents. in this s ... | 0 | 27299671 |
| impact of molecular weight on the formation of electrosprayed chitosan microcapsules as delivery vehicles for bioactive compounds. | the molecular weight of chitosan is one of its most determinant characteristics, which affects its processability and its performance as a biomaterial. however, information about the effect of this parameter on the formation of electrosprayed chitosan microcapsules is scarce. in this work, the impact of chitosan molecular weight on its electrosprayability was studied and correlated with its effect on the viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity of solutions. a discriminant function ... | 2016 | 27312621 |
| tracking human adenovirus inactivation by gamma radiation under different environmental conditions. | adenovirus is the most prevalent enteric virus in waters worldwide due to its environmental stability, which leads to public health concerns. mitigation strategies are therefore required. the aim of this study was to assess the inactivation of human adenovirus type 5 (hadv-5) by gamma radiation in aqueous environments. various substrates with different organic loads, including domestic wastewater, were inoculated with hadv-5 either individually or in a viral pool (with murine norovirus type 1 [m ... | 2016 | 27316961 |
| type i interferon receptor deficiency in dendritic cells facilitates systemic murine norovirus persistence despite enhanced adaptive immunity. | in order for a virus to persist, there must be a balance between viral replication and immune clearance. it is commonly believed that adaptive immunity drives clearance of viral infections and, thus, dysfunction or viral evasion of adaptive immunity is required for a virus to persist. type i interferons (ifns) play pleiotropic roles in the antiviral response, including through innate control of viral replication. murine norovirus (mnov) replicates in dendritic cells (dcs) and type i ifn signalin ... | 2016 | 27327515 |
| detection and molecular characterization of norovirus from oysters implicated in outbreaks in the us. | human noroviruses are the leading cause of non-bacterial shellfish associated gastroenteritis. here we report on the detection and characterization of norovirus (nov) in shellfish associated outbreaks. requests were received from state and federal officials for technical assistance in the analysis of shellfish for nov and male specific coliphage (msc; an enteric virus surrogate) during the years 2009 thru 2014. in outbreaks where nov was detected, genogroup ii (gii) levels ranged from 2.4 to 82. ... | 2016 | 27375246 |
| anti-viral effect of bifidobacterium adolescentis against noroviruses. | this study aims to investigate the effect of bifidobacterium adolescentis against noroviruses (novs). murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) used as a surrogate was detected by plaque assay and rt-qpcr. human nov virus like particles (vlps) were detected by cell-binding assay. it was shown that the presence of b. adolescentis could inhibit the multiplication of mnv-1 on raw 264.7 cells within 48 h of co-incubation period at 37°c. this inhibition did not occur at the viral binding stage, as no difference was ... | 2016 | 27375585 |
| protein-rna linkage and posttranslational modifications of feline calicivirus and murine norovirus vpg proteins. | members of the caliciviridae family of positive sense rna viruses cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals. the detailed characterization of the calicivirus life cycle had been hampered due to the lack of robust cell culture systems and experimental tools for many of the members of the family. however, a number of caliciviruses replicate efficiently in cell culture and have robust reverse genetics systems available, most notably feline calicivirus (fcv) and murine norovirus (mnv ... | 2016 | 27375966 |
| arc discharge-mediated disassembly of viral particles in water. | in this study, we investigated the inactivation effects on murine norovirus (mnv-1) with/without purification in water using a submerged plasma reactor of arc discharge (underwater arc), which produced a shockwave, uv light, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. underwater arc treatments of 3 and 6 hz at 12 kv resulted in 2.6- and 4.2-log reductions in the virus titer of non-purified mnv-1 after 1 min of treatment, respectively. the reduction of purified mnv-1 was higher than th ... | 2016 | 27379726 |
| virucidal efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide nebulization against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, two surrogates of human norovirus. | human noroviruses (hunov) are amongst the leading causes of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and can be transmitted via person-to-person contact, via contact with contaminated surfaces or by consumption of contaminated food. contaminated surfaces in healthcare settings contribute to the transmission of viruses. no-touch automated room disinfection systems might prevent such a spread of contamination and thus their virucidal effect needs to be evaluated. the aim of this study was to ... | 2016 | 27384526 |
| murine norovirus detection in the exhaust air of ivcs is more sensitive than serological analysis of soiled bedding sentinels. | one limitation to housing rodents in individually ventilated cages (ivcs) is the ineffectiveness of traditional health monitoring programs that test soiled bedding sentinels every quarter. aerogen transmission does not occur with this method. moreover, the transmission of numerous pathogens in bedding is uncertain, and sentinel susceptibility to various pathogens varies. a novel method using particle collection from samples of exhaust air was developed in this study which was also systematically ... | 2017 | 27440411 |
| neutral red assay for murine norovirus replication and detection in a mouse. | neutral red (nr) is a dye that must be actively imported into the cell, and, therefore, the dye has been used for decades to selectively stain living cells. in addition, nr can also be incorporated into virus particles, although the mechanism behind this is poorly understood. once encapsulated into the virion, nr, a light sensitive dye, can be photoactivated to inactivate the virus. the proposed mechanism explaining this observation is that activation of nr allows the dye to cross-link viral gen ... | 2013 | 27446977 |
| replication of human norovirus rna in mammalian cells reveals lack of interferon response. | human noroviruses (hunovs), named after the prototype strain norwalk virus (nv), are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. studies on the related murine norovirus (mnv) have demonstrated the importance of an interferon (ifn) response in host control of virus replication, but this remains unclear for hunovs. despite the lack of an efficient cell culture infection system, transfection of stool-isolated nv rna into mammalian cells leads to viral rna replication and virus pro ... | 2016 | 27466422 |
| curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation of norovirus surrogates. | photodynamic inactivation (pdi) is extensively used to inactivate different type of pathogens through the use of photosensitizers (ps). curcumin has been identified as an excellent natural photosensitizer with some potential applications in the food industry. the aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of photoactivated curcumin on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (fcv), and murine norovirus (mnv). initially, different concentrations of curcumin (13.5-1358 µm) were individ ... | 2016 | 27496054 |
| differences in the viability of murine norovirus in different aquatic locations. | norovirus is detected from shellfish and environmental water more frequently in winter than in other seasons. however, there is no report regarding its viability in actual seawater in situ. we investigated the viability of murine norovirus strain 1 (mnv-1), a surrogate for human norovirus, in 2 types of aquatic locations, a seawater pool carrying oceanic water and inner bay carrying brackish water. sterilized seawater was inoculated with mnv-1 and enclosed in dialysis tubes, which were placed at ... | 2016 | 27527374 |
| infectivity of a recombinant murine norovirus (recmnv) in balb/cbyj mice. | the infectivity of a recombinant murine norovirus (recmnv) strain, previously isolated following in vitro coinfections, was evaluated in vivo in comparison with its parental strains (mnv-1-cw1 and wu20) in balb/cbyj mice via measurement of weight loss and estimation of viral loads in faeces, tissues and organs 48 and 72h post-infection. the presence of infectious virus in all analysed tissues and organs suggests that, similarly to its parental viruses, recmnv can disseminate beyond organs associ ... | 2016 | 27527773 |
| a norovirus detection architecture based on isothermal amplification and expanded genetic systems. | noroviruses are the major cause of global viral gastroenteritis with short incubation times and small inoculums required for infection. this creates a need for a rapid molecular test for norovirus for early diagnosis, in the hope of preventing the spread of the disease. non-chemists generally use off-the shelf reagents and natural dna to create such tests, suffering from background noise that comes from adventitious dna and rna (collectively xna) that is abundant in real biological samples, espe ... | 2016 | 27546345 |
| silicon dioxide impedes antiviral response and causes genotoxic insult during calicivirus replication. | noroviruses (nov) are the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and replicate extensively in the human gastrointestinal (gi) tract. silica (also known as silicon dioxide, sio2) nanoparticles (nps) used in processed foods, dairy products, and beverages also accumulate in the gi tract. we investigated the effect of silica nps on nov replication and host cell response during virus infection, using murine norovirus (mnv-1) infection of raw 264.7 murine macrophages. pretreatment wi ... | 2016 | 27547159 |
| expression of the ns5 (vpg) protein of murine norovirus induces a g1/s phase arrest. | murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) is known to subvert host cell division inducing an accumulation of cells in the g0/g1 phase, creating conditions where viral replication is favored. this study identified that ns5 (vpg), is capable of inducing cell cycle arrest in the absence of viral replication or other viral proteins in an analogous manner to mnv-1 infection. ns5 expression induced an accumulation of cells in the g0/g1 phase in an asynchronous population by inhibiting progression at the g1/s restric ... | 2016 | 27556406 |
| antimicrobial effects of vinegar against norovirus and escherichia coli in the traditional korean vinegared green laver (enteromorpha intestinalis) salad during refrigerated storage. | in korea, edible seaweeds are potentially regarded as high-risk foods with respect to enteric norovirus (nov) and non-pathogenic generic escherichia coli. this study investigated the antimicrobial effects of 5%, 10%, and 15% vinegar (6% acetic acid) on the survival of murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1), a human nov surrogate, and e. coli, a fecal indicator in experimentally contaminated raw fresh green lavers (enteromorpha intestinalis) during a 7-d storage period at 4°c. both mnv-1 titers and e. coli c ... | 2016 | 27665528 |
| functional receptor molecules cd300lf and cd300ld within the cd300 family enable murine noroviruses to infect cells. | norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. since the discovery of human norovirus (hunov), an efficient and reproducible norovirus replication system has not been established in cultured cells. although limited amounts of virus particles can be produced when the hunov genome is directly transfected into cells, the hunov cycle of infection has not been successfully reproduced in any currently available cell-culture system. those results imply that the identification of a f ... | 2016 | 27681626 |
| pulsed light inactivation of murine norovirus, tulane virus, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in suspension and on berry surfaces. | pulsed light (pl) inactivation of two human norovirus (hunov) surrogates, murine norovirus (mnv-1) and tulane virus (tv), and two bacterial pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella, were evaluated. the viruses and bacteria were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (pbs) to final populations of ∼6 log pfu/ml and ∼6 log cfu/ml, respectively. both viral and bacterial suspensions were then irradiated by pl for different durations and the reductions of each microorganisms were determined. ... | 2017 | 27697158 |
| comparison of three extraction methods to detect noroviruses in dairy products. | noroviruses (nov) are currently the most common cause of viral foodborne diseases and rt-qpcr is widely used for their detection in food because of its sensitivity, specificity and rapidity. the iso/ts (15216-1, 15216-2) procedures for detecting nov and hav in high-risk food categories such as shellfish, bottled water and vegetables were published in 2013. milk products are less implicated in foodborne viral outbreaks but they can be contaminated with fruit added to these products or by the food ... | 2017 | 27697160 |
| inactivation efficiency and mechanism of uv-tio2 photocatalysis against murine norovirus using a solidified agar matrix. | human norovirus (hunov) is the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. fresh blueberries are among high risk foods associated with norovirus related outbreaks. therefore, it is important to assess intervention strategies to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. the disinfection efficiency of decontamination methods is difficult to evaluate for fruits and vegetables due to an inconsistent degree of contamination and irregular surface characteristics. the inactivation efficiency and mech ... | 0 | 27705845 |
| antiviral effect of theaflavins against caliciviruses. | caliciviruses are contagious pathogens of humans and various animals. they are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans, and can cause lethal diseases in domestic animals such as cats, rabbits and immunocompromised mice. in this study, we conducted cytopathic effect-based screening of 2080 selected compounds from our in-house library to find antiviral compounds against three culturable caliciviruses: feline calicivirus, murine norovirus (mnv) and porcine sapovirus (posav). we ide ... | 2017 | 27756911 |
| curcumin shows antiviral properties against norovirus. | phytochemicals provide environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive natural products, which could potentially benefit public health by controlling human norovirus (hunov) infection. in this study, 18 different phytochemicals were evaluated for antiviral effects against norovirus using murine norovirus (mnv) as a model for norovirus biology. among these phytochemicals, curcumin (ccm) was the most potent anti-noroviral phytochemical, followed by resveratrol (rvt). in a cell culture infectio ... | 2016 | 27775614 |
| norovirus polymerase fidelity contributes to viral transmission in vivo. | intrahost genetic diversity and replication error rates are intricately linked to rna virus pathogenesis, with alterations in viral polymerase fidelity typically leading to attenuation during infections in vivo. we have previously shown that norovirus intrahost genetic diversity also influences viral pathogenesis using the murine norovirus model, as increasing viral mutation frequency using a mutagenic nucleoside resulted in clearance of a persistent infection in mice. given the role of replicat ... | 2017 | 27777985 |
| inactivation of viruses and bacteriophages as models for swine hepatitis e virus in food matrices. | hepatitis e virus has been recognised as a food-borne virus hazard in pork products, due to its zoonotic properties. this risk can be reduced by adequate treatment of the food to inactivate food-borne viruses. we used a spectrum of viruses and bacteriophages to evaluate the effect of three food treatments: high pressure processing (hpp), lactic acid (la) and intense light pulse (ilp) treatments. on swine liver at 400 mpa for 10 min, hpp gave log10 reductions of ≥4.2, ≥5.0 and 3.4 for feline cali ... | 2017 | 27783334 |
| inhibition of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus by edible herbal extracts. | human noroviruses (hunovs) cause foodborne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis worldwide. because hunov culture systems have not been developed thus far, no available medicines or vaccines preventing infection with hunovs exist. some herbal extracts were considered as phytomedicines because of their bioactive components. in this study, the inhibitory effects of 29 edible herbal extracts against the norovirus surrogates murine norovirus (mnv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) were examined. fcv was s ... | 2017 | 27807684 |
| high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of murine norovirus and human noroviruses on green onions and in salsa. | in this study, high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) was evaluated as an intervention for human noroviruses (hunovs) in green onions and salsa. to determine the effect of water during hhp treatment on virus inactivation, a hunov surrogate, murine norovirus 1 (mnv-1), was inoculated onto green onions and then hhp-treated at 350mpa with or without water at 4 or 20°c. the presence of water enhanced hhp inactivation of mnv-1 on green onions at 4°c but not at 20°c. to test the temperature effect on hhp ina ... | 2017 | 27846447 |
| the norovirus ns3 protein is a dynamic lipid- and microtubule-associated protein involved in viral rna replication. | norovirus (nov) infections are a significant health burden to society, yet the lack of reliable tissue culture systems has hampered the development of appropriate antiviral therapies. here we show that the nov ns3 protein, derived from murine nov (mnv), is intimately associated with the mnv replication complex and the viral replication intermediate double-stranded rna (dsrna). we observed that when expressed individually, mnv ns3 and ns3 encoded by human norwalk virus (nv) induced the formation ... | 2017 | 27881660 |
| the effect of heat and free chlorine treatments on the surface properties of murine norovirus. | heat and free chlorine are among the most efficient and commonly used treatments to inactivate enteric viruses, but their global inactivation mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. these treatments have been shown to affect at least the capsid proteins of viruses and thus may affect the surface properties (i.e. electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity) of such particles. our aim was to study the effects of heat and free chlorine on surface properties for a murine norovirus chosen as surrogate f ... | 2017 | 27888443 |
| high-throughput sequencing analysis reveals the genetic diversity of different regions of the murine norovirus genome during in vitro replication. | in this study, we report the genetic diversity and nucleotide mutation rates of five representative regions of the murine norovirus genome during in vitro passages. the mutation rates were similar in genomic regions encompassing partial coding sequences for non-structural (ns) 1-2, ns5, ns6, ns7 proteins within open reading frame (orf) 1. in a region encoding a portion of the major capsid protein (vp1) within orf2 (also including the orf4 region) and a portion of the minor structural protein (vp ... | 2017 | 27942973 |
| antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene. | many different household water treatment (hwt) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. however, hwt methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. two gravity-fed hwt devices (aquasure™ and waterbird™) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of halopure(®) br beads (monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene) that deliver bromine. as water flows over the beads, reactive bromine species are eluted ... | 2016 | 27959873 |
| elimination of representative contaminant candidate list viruses, coxsackievirus, echovirus, hepatitis a virus, and norovirus, from water by coagulation processes. | we examined the removal of representative contaminant candidate list (ccl) viruses (coxsackievirus [cv] b5, echovirus type [ev] 11, and hepatitis a virus [hav] ib), recombinant norovirus virus-like particles (rnv-vlps), and murine norovirus (mnv) type 1 by coagulation. water samples were subjected to coagulation with polyaluminum chloride (pacl, basicity 1.5) followed by either settling or settling and filtration. together with our previously published results, the removal ratio order, as evalua ... | 2017 | 28011355 |
| nonthermal inactivation of norovirus surrogates on blueberries using atmospheric cold plasma. | viruses are currently the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks, most of which are associated with foods consumed raw. cold plasma (cp) is an emerging novel nonthermal technology that can be used to surface decontaminate foods. this study investigated cp technology for the nonthermal inactivation of human norovirus surrogates, tulane virus (tv) and murine norovirus (mnv), on the surface of blueberries. blueberries (5 g) were weighed into sterile 4 oz. glass jars and inoculated with tv, 5 log pfu/ ... | 2017 | 28040155 |
| blueberry proanthocyanidins against human norovirus surrogates in model foods and under simulated gastric conditions. | blueberry proanthocyanidins (b-pac) are known to decrease titers of human norovirus surrogates in vitro. the application of b-pac as therapeutic or preventive options against foodborne viral illness needs to be determined using model foods and simulated gastric conditions in vitro. the objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral effect of b-pac in model foods (apple juice (aj) and 2% reduced fat milk) and simulated gastrointestinal fluids against cultivable human norovirus surrogates ( ... | 2017 | 28040178 |
| hs-afm and sers analysis of murine norovirus infection: involvement of the lipid rafts. | studies on human norovirus are severely hampered by the absence of a cell culture system until the discovery of murine norovirus (mnv). the cell membrane domains called lipid rafts have been defined as a port of entry for viruses. this study is conducted to investigate murine norovirus binding on the mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage cell line. lipid raft related structures are extracted from cells by detergent treatment resulting detergent-resistant membrane (drms) domains. the real-time polym ... | 2017 | 28044439 |
| murine norovirus infection in brazilian animal facilities. | murine norovirus (mnv) is a single-stranded positive-sense rna virus of the caliciviridae family. mnv has been reported to infect laboratory mice with the ability to cause lethal infections in strains lacking components of the innate immune response. currently, mnv is considered the most prevalent infectious agent detected in laboratory mouse facilities. in this study, mice in 22 laboratory animal facilities within brazil were analyzed for mnv infection. using primers targeting a conserved regio ... | 2017 | 28049885 |
| transcriptomic analysis of human norovirus ns1-2 protein highlights a multifunctional role in murine monocytes. | the gii.4 sydney 2012 strain of human norovirus (hunov) is a pandemic strain that is responsible for the majority of norovirus outbreaks in healthcare settings. the function of the non-structural (ns)1-2 protein from hunov is unknown. | 2017 | 28056773 |
| expression of ifnlr1 on intestinal epithelial cells is critical to the antiviral effects of interferon lambda against norovirus and reovirus. | lambda interferon (ifn-λ) has potent antiviral effects against multiple enteric viral pathogens, including norovirus and rotavirus, in both preventing and curing infection. because the intestine includes a diverse array of cell types, however, the cell(s) upon which ifn-λ acts to exert its antiviral effects is unclear. here, we sought to identify ifn-λ-responsive cells by generation of mice with lineage-specific deletion of the receptor for ifn-λ, ifnlr1 we found that expression of ifnlr1 on int ... | 2017 | 28077655 |
| virucidal efficacy of a sonicated hydrogen peroxide system (trophon® epr) following european and german test methods. | aim: the virucidal efficacy of an automated ultrasound probe disinfector (trophon® epr) was evaluated in a three step procedure according to european and german test methods. this system uses sonicated hydrogen peroxide mist (35%) at elevated temperature (50°c) in a closed chamber with control of all parameters within a 7 minute cycle. methods: in the first step of examination, the peroxide solution was tested in a quantitative suspension assay according to the guideline of deutsche vereinigung ... | 2017 | 28149707 |
| recent advances in understanding noroviruses. | noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis around the world. an individual living in the united states is estimated to develop norovirus infection five times in his or her lifetime. despite this, there is currently no antiviral or vaccine to combat the infection, in large part because of the historical lack of cell culture and small animal models. however, the last few years of norovirus research were marked by a number of ground-breaking advances that have overcome technical bar ... | 2017 | 28163914 |
| comparative inactivation of murine norovirus and ms2 bacteriophage by peracetic acid and monochloramine in municipal secondary wastewater effluent. | chlorination has long been used for disinfection of municipal wastewater (mww) effluent while the use peracetic acid (paa) has been proposed more recently in the united states. previous work has demonstrated the bactericidal effectiveness of paa and monochloramine in wastewater, but limited information is available for viruses, especially ones of mammalian origin (e.g., norovirus). therefore, a comparative assessment was performed of the virucidal efficacy of paa and monochloramine against murin ... | 2017 | 28165216 |
| correction: type i interferon receptor deficiency in dendritic cells facilitates systemic murine norovirus persistence despite enhanced adaptive immunity. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005684.]. | 2017 | 28212439 |
| effect of process temperature on virus inactivation during high hydrostatic pressure processing of contaminated fruit puree and juice. | high pressure processing (hpp) can inactivate pathogens and retain fruit qualities. elevated hpp pressure or time increases virus inactivation, but the effect of temperature is not consistently observed for norovirus and hepatitis a virus. in the present study, the effectiveness of hpp holding temperatures (<40°c) and pressures were evaluated for inactivating surrogates (murine norovirus [mnv] and ms2 coliphage) in pomegranate and strawberry juices and strawberry puree using a 24-liter hpp syste ... | 2016 | 28221934 |
| assessment of the efficacy of membrane filtration processes to remove human enteric viruses and the suitability of bacteriophages and a plant virus as surrogates for those viruses. | here, we evaluated the efficacy of direct microfiltration (mf) and ultrafiltration (uf) to remove three representative human enteric viruses (i.e., adenovirus [adv] type 40, coxsackievirus [cv] b5, and hepatitis a virus [hav] ib), and one surrogate of human caliciviruses (i.e., murine norovirus [mnv] type 1). eight different mf membranes and three different uf membranes were used. we also examined the ability of coagulation pretreatment with high-basicity polyaluminum chloride (pacl) to enhance ... | 2017 | 28259077 |
| detection of potential infectious enteric viruses in fresh produce by (rt)-qpcr preceded by nuclease treatment. | foodborne illnesses associated with contaminated fresh produce are a common public health problem and there is an upward trend of outbreaks caused by enteric viruses, especially human noroviruses (hnovs) and hepatitis a virus (hav). this study aimed to assess the use of dnase and rnase coupled to qpcr and rt-qpcr, respectively, to detect intact particles of human adenoviruses (hadvs), hnov gi and gii and hav in fresh produce. different concentrations of dnase and rnase were tested to optimize th ... | 2017 | 28452009 |
| inactivation of murine norovirus-1 and hepatitis a virus on fresh meats by atmospheric pressure plasma jets. | in the current study, inactivation effect of atmospheric pressure plasma (app) jets (10s-20min) was investigated against murine norovirus (mnv-1), as a norovirus (nov) surrogate and hepatitis a virus (hav) associated with three types of fresh meats (beef loin, pork shoulder and chicken breast). the quality characteristics of fresh meats, such as surface color, moisture content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) were also examined. after 5-20min of treatment with app jets, the red ... | 2015 | 28455013 |
| human norovirus and its surrogates induce plant immune response in arabidopsis thaliana and lactuca sativa. | human norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide with the majority of outbreaks linked to fresh produce and leafy greens. it is essential that we thoroughly understand the type of relationship and interactions that take place between plants and human norovirus to better utilize control strategies to reduce transmission of norovirus in the field onto plants harvested for human consumption. in this study the expression of gene markers for the salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic aci ... | 2017 | 28504573 |
| inhibitory mechanism of five natural flavonoids against murine norovirus. | human noroviruses (hunov), which are responsible for acute gastroenteritis, are becoming a serious public health concern worldwide. since no effective antiviral drug or vaccine for hunov has been developed yet, some natural extracts and their active components have been investigated for their ability to inhibit noroviruses. however, their exact antiviral mechanisms have not been investigated. | 2017 | 28545670 |
| effect of green tea extract on enteric viruses and its application as natural sanitizer. | in this work, the effect of green tea extract (gte) was assessed against murine norovirus (mnv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) at different temperatures, exposure times and ph conditions. initially, gte at 0.5 and 5 mg/ml were individually mixed with each virus at 5 log tcid50/ml and incubated 2 h at 37 °c at different phs (from 5.5 to 8.5). gte affected both viruses depending on ph with higher reductions observed in alkaline conditions. secondly, different concentrations of gte (0.5 and 5 mg/ml) w ... | 2017 | 28576363 |