Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a clinical prediction rule for diagnosing human infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) in a hospital emergency department setting. | human infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus are associated with severe illness and high mortality. to better inform triage decisions of hospitalization and management, we developed a clinical prediction rule for diagnosing patients with a(h7n9) and determined its predictive performance. | 2014 | 25091477 |
| nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent. | originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral drug and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. a phase 2b/3 clinical trial recently published in the lancet infectious diseases found that oral administration of nitazoxanide 600mg twice daily for five days reduced the duration of clinical symptoms and reduced viral shedding compared to placebo in persons with laboratory-confirmed influen ... | 2014 | 25108173 |
| continuous reassortments with local chicken h9n2 virus underlie the human-infecting influenza a (h7n9) virus in the new influenza season, guangdong, china. | 2014 | 25109943 | |
| influenza virus a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) replicates efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cynomolgus macaques. | in march 2013, three fatal human cases of infection with influenza a virus (h7n9) were reported in china. since then, human cases have been accumulating. given the public health importance of this virus, we performed a pathogenicity study of the h7n9 virus in the cynomolgus macaque model, focusing on clinical aspects of disease, radiographic, histological, and gene expression profile changes in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and changes in systemic cytokine and chemokine profiles during ... | 2014 | 25118237 |
| characterization of drug-resistant influenza a(h7n9) variants isolated from an oseltamivir-treated patient in taiwan. | patients contracting influenza a(h7n9) infection often developed severe disease causing respiratory failure. neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nais) are the primary option for treatment, but information on drug-resistance markers for influenza a(h7n9) is limited. | 2015 | 25124927 |
| kinetic analysis of the immunity in a pregnant patient infected with avian influenza h7n9. | human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 has emerged in china since february, 2013. the immunologic changes in pregnant women infected with h7n9 are not known. | 2014 | 25126178 |
| intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine and a tlr-3 agonist, rintatolimod, induced cross-reactive iga antibody formation against avian h5n1 and h7n9 influenza ha in humans. | the intranasal use of rintatolimod, a specific tlr-3 agonist, combined with trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine generated cross-protection against highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza in mice. the purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the safety and impact of rintatolimod on intranasal influenza vaccine in healthy adults. during stage i of this phase i/ii clinical trial, 12 volunteers were immunized intranasally with 3 doses of flumist seasonal influenza vaccine on days 0, 28, and 56 fo ... | 2014 | 25128802 |
| complete protection against lethal challenge of novel h7n9 virus with heterologous inactivated h7 vaccine in mice. | a prototype h7 influenza vaccine constructed based on the h7n7 outbreak in 2003 was tested for the protective efficacy against the novel h7n9 virus in a lethal murine challenge model. serum samples from vaccinated mice showed significant neutralizing activity against the h7n9 virus and the mice were completely protected with no significant weight loss. the results have direct implications on how to overcome potential vaccine shortage and identify donors for immune sera for passive immunization. | 2014 | 25130540 |
| technology transfer and scale-up of the flublok recombinant hemagglutinin (ha) influenza vaccine manufacturing process. | multiple different hemagglutinin (ha) protein antigens have been reproducibly manufactured at the 650l scale by protein sciences corporation (psc) based on an insect cell culture with baculovirus infection. significantly, these ha protein antigens were produced by the same universal manufacturing process as described in the biological license application (bla) for the first recombinant influenza vaccine approved by the fda (flublok). the technology is uniquely designed so that a change in vaccin ... | 2014 | 25131727 |
| patients infected with avian influenza a h7n9 virus have abnormally low thyroid hormone levels. | in march 2013, the novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus spread throughout china. this study evaluated whether thyroid function was altered in patients infected with h7n9 virus. | 2014 | 25134397 |
| asymptomatic, mild, and severe influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in humans, guangzhou, china. | targeted surveillance for influenza a(h7n9) identified 24 cases of infection with this virus in guangzhou, china, during april 1, 2013-march 7, 2014. the spectrum of illness ranged from severe pneumonia to asymptomatic infection. epidemiologic findings for 2 family clusters of infection highlight the importance of rigorous close contact monitoring. | 2014 | 25148539 |
| global comparison of multiple-segmented viruses in 12-dimensional genome space. | we have recently developed a computational approach in a vector space for genome-based virus classification. this approach, called the "natural vector (nv) representation", which is an alignment-free method, allows us to classify single-segmented viruses with high speed and accuracy. for multiple-segmented viruses, typically phylogenetic trees of each segment are reconstructed for discovering viral phylogeny. consensus tree methods may be used to combine the phylogenetic trees based on different ... | 2014 | 25172357 |
| protection against influenza h7n9 virus challenge with a recombinant np-m1-hsp60 protein vaccine construct in balb/c mice. | a novel influenza virus of h7n9 subtype circulated throughout china in 2013. the high fatality rate, appearance of several family clusters, and transmission in animal models observed during this outbreak accelerated efforts to identify effective strategies to prevent the spread of this influenza subtype. in this study, the recombinant protein np-m1-hsp60, a fusion of the nucleoprotein and m1 matrix protein of the a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) influenza virus strain and hsp60, was effectively expressed in esc ... | 2014 | 25173575 |
| serological report of influenza a (h7n9) infections among pigs in southern china. | in 2013, a novel h7n9 avian influenza virus (aiv) was isolated from ill humans in shanghai and anhui province, china. since then, the virus has spread quickly throughout china. previous isolation of h7n2 virus from swine suggests that additional h7 subtype aivs may be transmitted through pigs. however, prior to the recent zoonosis of h7n9, there were very few studies on the seroprevalence of the h7 subtypes in this species. thus, there is a need to perform serological surveys for novel h7n9 as w ... | 2014 | 25178684 |
| phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of influenza a h7n9 virus. | recently, human infections with the novel avian-origin influenza a h7n9 virus have been reported from various provinces in china. human infections with avian influenza a viruses are rare and may cause a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. this is the first time that human infection with a low pathogenic avian influenza a virus has been associated with a fatal outcome. here, a phylogenetic and positive selective pressure analysis of haemagglutin (ha), neuraminidase (na), and matrix protein (mp) g ... | 2014 | 25180852 |
| respiratory transmission of an avian h3n8 influenza virus isolated from a harbour seal. | the ongoing human h7n9 influenza infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza viruses. in 2011, an avian h3n8 influenza virus isolated from moribund new england harbour seals was shown to have naturally acquired mutations known to increase the transmissibility of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza viruses. to elucidate the potential human health threat, here we evaluate a panel of avian h3n8 viruses and find that the harbour seal virus displays increased affinity for mammalian recep ... | 2014 | 25183346 |
| surveillance for emerging respiratory viruses. | several new viral respiratory tract infectious diseases with epidemic potential that threaten global health security have emerged in the past 15 years. in 2003, who issued a worldwide alert for an unknown emerging illness, later named severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). the disease caused by a novel coronavirus (sars-cov) rapidly spread worldwide, causing more than 8000 cases and 800 deaths in more than 30 countries with a substantial economic impact. since then, we have witnessed the emer ... | 2014 | 25189347 |
| emerging viral respiratory tract infections--environmental risk factors and transmission. | the past decade has seen the emergence of several novel viruses that cause respiratory tract infections in human beings, including middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in saudi arabia, an h7n9 influenza a virus in eastern china, a swine-like influenza h3n2 variant virus in the usa, and a human adenovirus 14p1 also in the usa. mers-cov and h7n9 viruses are still a major worldwide public health concern. the pathogenesis and mode of transmission of mers-cov and h7n9 influenza a v ... | 2014 | 25189350 |
| protection from infection with influenza a h7n9 virus in a mouse model by equine neutralizing f(ab')2. | influenza a h7n9 virus has demonstrated considerable pandemic potential in china ever since early spring 2013. until now, there have been no specific medicines to treat influenza a h7n9 virus infected patients. development of a safe and effective h7n9 therapeutic preparation is urgently needed. to this end, we prepared and evaluated the pepsin-digested f(ab')2 fragments of serum iggs from the horses inoculated with a inactivated influenza a h7n9 whole virus antigens. the protective effects of th ... | 2014 | 25192652 |
| global gene expression changes in human peripheral blood after h7n9 infection. | a novel avian influenza a virus (h7n9) of human infection emerged in eastern china in 2013, causing mild to lethal human respiratory infections. however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. in this work, we attempt to gain insights into the underlying genetic basis of this disease at the transcription level. we collected peripheral blood samples from patients with h7n9 infection and healthy people, and then we performed transcriptome profiling to comprehensively investiga ... | 2014 | 25192803 |
| influenza a ha's conserved epitopes and broadly neutralizing antibodies: a prediction method. | a conserved epitope is an epitope retained by multiple strains of influenza as the key target of a broadly neutralizing antibody. identification of conserved epitopes is of strong interest to help design broad-spectrum vaccines against influenza. conservation score measures the evolutionary conservation of an amino acid position in a protein based on the phylogenetic relationships observed amongst homologous sequences. here, average amino acid conservation score (aaacs) is proposed as a method t ... | 2014 | 25208658 |
| occurrence and reassortment of avian influenza a (h7n9) viruses derived from coinfected birds in china. | over the course of two waves of infection, h7n9 avian influenza a virus has caused 436 human infections and claimed 170 lives in china as of july 2014. to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of h7n9, we surveyed avian influenza viruses in poultry in jiangsu province within the outbreak epicenter. we found frequent occurrence of h7n9/h9n2 coinfection in chickens. molecular clock phylogenetic analysis confirms coinfection by h7n9/h9n2 viruses and also reveals that the identity of the ... | 2014 | 25210174 |
| mutations to pb2 and np proteins of an avian influenza virus combine to confer efficient growth in primary human respiratory cells. | influenza pandemics occur when influenza a viruses (iav) adapted to other host species enter humans and spread through the population. pandemics are relatively rare due to host restriction of iav: strains adapted to nonhuman species do not readily infect, replicate in, or transmit among humans. iav can overcome host restriction through reassortment or adaptive evolution, and these are mechanisms by which pandemic strains arise in nature. to identify mutations that facilitate growth of avian iav ... | 2014 | 25210184 |
| human h7n9 and h5n1 influenza viruses differ in induction of cytokines and tissue tropism. | since emerging in 2013, the avian-origin h7n9 influenza viruses have resulted in over 400 human infections, leading to 115 deaths to date. although the epidemiology differs from human highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza virus infections, there is a similar rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. the aim of these studies was to compare the pathological and immunological characteristics of a panel of human h7n9 and h5n1 viruses in vitro and in vivo. although there were similar ... | 2014 | 25210188 |
| antiviral combinations for severe influenza. | observational data suggest that the treatment of influenza infection with neuraminidase inhibitors decreases progression to more severe illness, especially when treatment is started soon after symptom onset. however, even early treatment might fail to prevent complications in some patients, particularly those infected with novel viruses such as the 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1, avian influenza a h5n1 virus subtype, or the avian influenza a h7n9 virus subtype. furthermore, treatment with one an ... | 2014 | 25213733 |
| avian influenza a viruses: from zoonosis to pandemic. | zoonotic influenza a viruses originating from the animal reservoir pose a threat for humans, as they have the ability to trigger pandemics upon adaptation to and invasion of an immunologically naive population. of particular concern are the h5n1 viruses that continue to circulate in poultry in numerous countries in europe, asia and africa, and the recently emerged h7n9 viruses in china, due to their relatively high number of human fatalities and pandemic potential. to start a pandemic, zoonotic ... | 2014 | 25214882 |
| detection of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus from live poultry markets in guangzhou, china: a surveillance report. | a virologic surveillance program for a(h7n9) virus was conducted from april 15, 2013 to february 14, 2014 in guangzhou, aiming to clarify the geographical distribution of a(h7n9) viruses among live poultry markets (lpms) and poultry farms in guangzhou. virological and serological surveys of poultry workers were also conducted to evaluate the risk of poultry-to-human transmission of the a(h7n9) virus. | 2014 | 25216284 |
| entry properties and entry inhibitors of a human h7n9 influenza virus. | the recently identified human infections with a novel avian influenza h7n9 virus in china raise important questions regarding possible risk to humans. however, the entry properties and tropism of this h7n9 virus were poorly understood. moreover, neuraminidase inhibitor resistant h7n9 isolates were recently observed in two patients and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. in this study, we aimed to elucidate the entry properties of h7n9 virus, design and evaluate inhibitors for h7n9 virus entr ... | 2014 | 25222852 |
| avian influenza a h7n9 virus induces severe pneumonia in mice without prior adaptation and responds to a combination of zanamivir and cox-2 inhibitor. | human infection caused by the avian influenza a h7n9 virus has a case-fatality rate of over 30%. systematic study of the pathogenesis of avian h7n9 isolate and effective therapeutic strategies are needed. | 2014 | 25232731 |
| a single immunization with modified vaccinia virus ankara-based influenza virus h7 vaccine affords protection in the influenza a(h7n9) pneumonia ferret model. | since the first reports in early 2013, >440 human cases of infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) have been reported including 122 fatalities. after the isolation of the first a(h7n9) viruses, the nucleotide sequences became publically available. based on the coding sequence of the influenza virus a/shanghai/2/2013 hemagglutinin gene, a codon-optimized gene was synthesized and cloned into a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva). this mva-h7-sh2 viral vector was used to immunize ferret ... | 2015 | 25246535 |
| an internet-based epidemiological investigation of the outbreak of h7n9 avian influenza a in china since early 2013. | in early 2013, a new type of avian influenza, h7n9, emerged in china. it quickly became an issue of great public concern and a widely discussed topic on the internet. a considerable volume of relevant information was made publicly available on the internet through various sources. | 2014 | 25257217 |
| pandemic potential of avian influenza a (h7n9) viruses. | avian influenza viruses rarely infect humans, but the recently emerged avian h7n9 influenza viruses have caused sporadic infections in humans in china, resulting in 440 confirmed cases with 122 fatalities as of 16 may 2014. in addition, epidemiologic surveys suggest that there have been asymptomatic or mild human infections with h7n9 viruses. these viruses replicate efficiently in mammals, show limited transmissibility in ferrets and guinea pigs, and possess mammalian-adapting amino acid changes ... | 2014 | 25264312 |
| novel influenza a(h7n2) virus in chickens, jilin province, china, 2014. | in february 2014, while investigating the source of a human infection with influenza a(h7n9) virus in northern china, we isolated subtypes h7n2 and h9n2 viruses from chickens on the patient's farm. sequence analysis revealed that the h7n2 virus is a novel reassortant of h7n9 and h9n2 viruses. continued surveillance is needed. | 2014 | 25271958 |
| [detection of an na gene molecular marker in h7n9 subtype avian influenza viruses by pyrosequencing]. | this study aimed to establish a method for the detection and identification of h7n9 avian influenza viruses based on the na gene by pyrosequencing. according to the published na gene sequences of the avian influenza a (h7n9) virus, a 15-nt deletion was found in the na gene of h7n9 avian influenza viruses. the 15-nt deletion of the na gene was targeted as the molecular marker for the rapid detection and identification of h7n9 avian influenza viruses by pyrosequencing. three h7n9 avian influenza v ... | 2014 | 25272588 |
| [drug susceptibility of wild-type and mutant h7n9 neuraminidase to zanamivir and oseltamivir]. | this study aimed to investigate the drug susceptibility of wild-type and mutant avian influenza a (h7n9) virus neuraminidase (na) to oseltamivir and zanamivir. codon optimized dna of h7n9 (a/ hangzhou/1/2013) na was synthesized and constructed into the pcdna3.1/his vector (na(h7n9-wt)). mutant na(h7n9-h274y) and na(h7n9-r292k) plasmids were constructed by directed mutagenesis pcr using na(h7n9-wt) plasmid as the template followed by sequencing. na plasmids were transfected into 293t cells and ce ... | 2014 | 25272593 |
| combinations of oseltamivir and fibrates prolong the mean survival time of mice infected with the lethal h7n9 influenza virus. | the outbreak of human infections caused by the novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza viruses in china since march 2013 underscores the urgent need to find an effective treatment strategy against h7n9 infection in humans. in this study, we assessed the effectiveness of combinations of oseltamivir and two immunomodulators (simvastatin and fenofibrate) against h7n9 infection in a mouse model. mice treated with oseltamivir plus fenofibrate exhibited the longest mean survival time, the largest reduction ... | 2015 | 25274854 |
| can newly developed, rapid immunochromatographic antigen detection tests be reliably used for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza virus infections? | five years ago, the point-counterpoint series was launched. the initial article asked about the role of rapid immunochromatographic antigen testing in the diagnosis of influenza a virus 2009 h1n1 infection (d. f. welch and c. c. ginocchio, j clin microbiol 48:22-25, 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02268-09). since that article, not only have major changes been made in immunochromatographic antigen detection (iad) testing for the influenza viruses, but there has also been rapid development of ... | 2015 | 25274999 |
| investigation of avian influenza virus in poultry and wild birds due to novel avian-origin influenza a(h10n8) in nanchang city, china. | multiple reassortment events within poultry and wild birds had resulted in the establishment of another novel avian influenza a(h10n8) virus, and finally resulted in human death in nanchang, china. however, there was a paucity of information on the prevalence of avian influenza virus in poultry and wild birds in nanchang area. we investigated avian influenza virus in poultry and wild birds from live poultry markets, poultry countyards, delivery vehicles, and wild-bird habitats in nanchang. we an ... | 2015 | 25284683 |
| h5 n-terminal β sheet promotes oligomerization of h7-ha1 that induces better antibody affinity maturation and enhanced protection against h7n7 and h7n9 viruses compared to inactivated influenza vaccine. | initiation of mass vaccination is critical in response to influenza pandemic. there is an urgent need of a simple, rapid method for production of influenza vaccine that is more effective than current traditional influenza vaccines. recent h7n9 transmissions to humans in china with high morbidity/mortality initiated extensive vaccine evaluation. we produced the ha1 domains (amino acids 1-320) from h7n9 and h7n7 strains in e. coli. both were found to contain primarily monomers/trimers with low oli ... | 2014 | 25284811 |
| evaluation of avian influenza virus isolated from ducks as a potential live vaccine candidate against novel h7n9 viruses. | recent outbreaks of a novel h7n9 avian influenza virus in humans in china raise pandemic concerns and underscore an urgent need to develop effective vaccines. theoretically, live influenza vaccines are of multiple advantages over traditional inactivated influenza vaccines to be used in a pandemic, because they can be produced rapidly, safely, and inexpensively. however, studies on live vaccines against the novel h7n9 virus are limited. in this study, we evaluated a potential live influenza vacci ... | 2014 | 25285880 |
| epidemiology of human infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in the two waves before and after october 2013 in zhejiang province, china. | we compared the epidemiological and clinical features of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infections in the population in zhejiang province, china, between march and april 2013 (first wave) and october 2013 and february 2014 (second wave). no statistical difference was found for age, sex, occupation, presence of underlying conditions, exposure history, white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage and illness timeline and duration (all p > 0.05). the virus spread to 30 new counties compared to the ... | 2015 | 25286879 |
| honeysuckle-encoded atypical microrna2911 directly targets influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses (iavs), particularly h1n1, h5n1 and h7n9, pose a substantial threat to public health worldwide. here, we report that mir2911, a honeysuckle (hs)-encoded atypical microrna, directly targets iavs with a broad spectrum. mir2911 is highly stable in hs decoction, and continuous drinking or gavage feeding of hs decoction leads to a significant elevation of the mir2911 level in mouse peripheral blood and lung. bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase reporter assay showed that mir ... | 2015 | 25287280 |
| serological responses to an avian influenza a/h7n9 vaccine mixed at the point-of-use with mf59 adjuvant: a randomized clinical trial. | human infections with avian influenza a/h7n9 have resulted in high morbidity and mortality in china. | 2014 | 25291577 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant avian influenza h9n9 virus isolated from chicken in eastern china. | the genome sequence of the strain a/chicken/changzhou/c08/2013 (h9n9) shows that the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of this strain are closely related to those of the strain a/chicken/shanghai/1107/2013 (h9n2) and share 99.2% nucleotide homology, while the other seven genes had the greatest sequence identities with the novel h7n9 virus. we speculate that this strain may be a novel natural reassortant avian influenza virus (aiv). | 2014 | 25291762 |
| [effects of resting days on live poultry markets in controlling the avian influenza pollution]. | to analyze the results of nine-round environmental specimen surveillance programs in five live poultry markets pre-, during and post the 'closing days' and to evaluate the effects of 'closing days' on live poultry markets regarding the control against avian influenza pollution. | 2014 | 25294077 |
| detection of a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in humans by multiplex one-step real-time rt-pcr assay. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged in eastern china in february 2013. 413 confirmed human cases, including 157 deaths, have been recorded as of july 31, 2014. | 2014 | 25298249 |
| ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus dna based on isothermal exponential amplification coupled with hybridization chain reaction of dnazyme nanowires. | in this work, a simple and label-free electrochemical biosensor with duel amplification strategy was developed for dna detection based on isothermal exponential amplification (expar) coupled with hybridization chain reaction (hcr) of dnazymes nanowires. through rational design, neither the primer nor the dnazymes containing molecular beacons (mbs) could react with the duplex probe which were fixed on the electrode surface. once challenged with target, the duplex probe cleaved and triggered the e ... | 2015 | 25310490 |
| [epidemics of conjunctivitis caused by avian influenza virus and molecular basis for its ocular tropism]. | avian influenza virus (aiv) has caused several outbreaks in humans, leading to disasters to human beings. the outbreak of h7n9 avian influenza in china in 2003 re-attracted our close attention to this disease. more and more evidences demonstrated that eye is one of invasion portals of aiv, leading to conjunctivitis. the current studies showed that only subtypes h7 and h5 could cause severe systemic infections. abundant distribution of α-2, 3 siliac acid receptor in conjunctiva and cornea as well ... | 2014 | 25312466 |
| three cases of avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in zhejiang province, china: case report and literature review. | this report provides information on the clinical characteristics and treatment of three patients with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus treated in zhejiang province, china. the infection was characterized by respiratory symptoms, fever, rapid progression, and significant hypoxemia. laboratory tests showed a low level or decrease in leukocytes. it is recommended that neuraminidase inhibitors be administered at early stage of the disease. | 2014 | 25318811 |
| assessment of the internal genes of influenza a (h7n9) virus contributing to high pathogenicity in mice. | the recently identified h7n9 influenza a virus has caused severe economic losses and worldwide public concern. genetic analysis indicates that its six internal genes all originated from h9n2 viruses. however, the h7n9 virus is more highly pathogenic in humans than h9n2, which suggests that the internal genes of h7n9 have mutated. to analyze which h7n9 virus internal genes contribute to its high pathogenicity, a series of reassortants was generated by reverse genetics, with each virus containing ... | 2015 | 25320305 |
| family clusters of avian influenza a h7n9 virus infection in guangdong province, china. | since its first identification, the epizootic avian influenza a h7n9 virus has continued to cause infections in china. two waves were observed during this outbreak. no cases were reported from guangdong province during the first wave, but this province became one of the prime outbreak sites during the second wave. in order to identify the transmission potential of this continuously evolving infectious virus, our research group monitored all clusters of h7n9 infections during the second wave of t ... | 2015 | 25339399 |
| poultry market closures and human infection with influenza a(h7n9) virus, china, 2013-14. | closure of live poultry markets was implemented in areas affected by the influenza virus a(h7n9) outbreak in china during winter, 2013-14. our analysis showed that closing live poultry markets in the most affected cities of guangdong and zhejiang provinces was highly effective in reducing the risk for h7n9 infection in humans. | 2014 | 25340354 |
| human influenza a(h7n9) virus infection associated with poultry farm, northeastern china. | we report on a case of human infection with influenza a(h7n9) virus in jilin province in northeastern china. this case was associated with a poultry farm rather than a live bird market, which may point to a new focus for public health surveillance and interventions in this evolving outbreak. | 2014 | 25340624 |
| serologic screenings for h7n9 from three sources among high-risk groups in the early stage of h7n9 circulation in guangdong province, china. | the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the novel avian influenza a virus (h7n9) in three high risk groups. the groups were divided into those exposed through infected individuals, those exposed through poultry and those individuals exposed through the external environment, in the early stage of the epidemic in guangdong province, which is located in the southern region of china. | 2014 | 25342002 |
| antibodies against h10n8 avian influenza virus among animal workers in guangdong province before november 30, 2013, when the first human h10n8 case was recognized. | considered an epicenter of pandemic influenza virus generation, southern china has recently seen an increasing number of human h7n9 infections. however, it is not the only threat. on 30 november 2013, a human h10n8 infection case was first described in china. the origin and genetic diversity of this novel virus is similar to that of h7n9 virus. as h10n8 avian influenza virus (aiv) was first identified from a duck in guangdong province during 2012 and there is also evidence of h10n8 infected dogs ... | 2014 | 25348464 |
| h7n9 influenza a virus in turkeys in minnesota. | introductions of h7 influenza a virus (iav) from wild birds into poultry have been documented worldwide, resulting in varying degrees of morbidity and mortality. h7 iav infection in domestic poultry has served as a source of human infection and disease. we report the detection of h7n9 subtype iavs in minnesota (mn) turkey farms during 2009 and 2011. the full genome was sequenced from eight isolates as well as the haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments of h7 and n9 virus subtype ... | 2015 | 25351723 |
| a cross-sectional study of avian influenza in one district of guangzhou, 2013. | since feb, 2013, more than 100 human beings had been infected with novel h7n9 avian influenza virus. as of may 2013, several h7n9 viruses had been found in retail live bird markets (lbms) in guangdong province of southern china where several human cases were confirmed later. however, the real avian influenza virus infection status especially h7n9 in guangzhou remains unclear. therefore, a cross-sectional study of avian influenza in commercial poultry farms, the wholesale lbm and retail lbms in o ... | 2014 | 25356738 |
| novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) in critically ill patients in china*. | in march 2013, human infection with a novel avian-origin reassortment influenza a (h7n9) virus was identified in china. a total of 26 cases were confirmed and treated in jiangsu. all the patients had findings consistent with pneumonia and were admitted to an icu, which pose a threat to human health. we aimed to provide the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of the critically ill patients with h7n9 viral infection. | 2015 | 25365721 |
| transmission of h7n9 influenza virus in mice by different infective routes. | on 19 february 2013, the first patient infected with a novel influenza a h7n9 virus from an avian source showed symptoms of sickness. more than 349 laboratory-confirmed cases and 109 deaths have been reported in mainland china since then. laboratory-confirmed, human-to-human h7n9 virus transmission has not been documented between individuals having close contact; however, this transmission route could not be excluded for three families. to control the spread of the avian influenza h7n9 virus, we ... | 2014 | 25367670 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (split virion) and cross-reactive antibody responses to the h7n9 avian influenza virus]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (split virion) and to analyze its cross-reactive antibody responses to h7n9 avian influenza virus. | 2014 | 25376689 |
| molecular pathology analyses of two fatal human infections of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. | to investigate the histopathological manifestations of two fatal cases of h7n9 influenza a virus infection. | 2015 | 25378539 |
| enabling the 'host jump': structural determinants of receptor-binding specificity in influenza a viruses. | the recent emergence of the h7n9 avian influenza a virus and its ability to infect humans emphasize the epidemic and pandemic potential of these viruses. interspecies transmission is the result of many factors, which ultimately lead to a change in the host tropism of the virus. one of the key factors involved is a shift in the receptor-binding specificity of the virus, which is mostly determined by mutations in the viral haemagglutinin (ha). in this review, we discuss recent crystallographic stu ... | 2014 | 25383601 |
| h9n2 influenza virus in china: a cause of concern. | the recent human infection with avian influenza virus revealed that h9n2 influenza virus is the gene donor for h7n9 and h10n8 viruses infecting humans. the crucial role of h9n2 viruses at the animal-human interface might be due to the wide host range, adaptation in both poultry and mammalian, and extensive gene reassortment. as the most prevalent subtype of influenza viruses in chickens in china, h9n2 also causes a great economic loss for the poultry industry, even under the long-term vaccinatio ... | 2015 | 25384439 |
| h7n9: preparing for the unexpected in influenza. | in the years prior to 2013, avian influenza a h7 viruses were a cause of significant poultry mortality; however, human illness was generally mild. in march 2013, a novel influenza a(h7n9) virus emerged in china as an unexpected cause of severe human illness with 36% mortality. chinese and other public health officials responded quickly, characterizing the virus and identifying more than 400 cases through use of new technologies and surveillance tools made possible by past preparedness and respon ... | 2015 | 25386931 |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) mediates influenza h7n9 virus-induced acute lung injury. | since march 2013, the emergence of an avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus has raised concern in china. although most infections resulted in respiratory illness, some severe cases resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), which is a severe form of acute lung injury (ali) that further contributes to morbidity. to date, no effective drugs that improve the clinical outcome of influenza a (h7n9) virus-infected patients have been identified. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) and ace2 ... | 2014 | 25391767 |
| development of reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | the emerged human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china since 2013 has aroused global concerns. there is great demand for simple and rapid diagnostic method for early detection of h7n9 to provide timely treatment and disease control. the aim of the current study was to develop a rapid, accurate and feasible reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for detection of h7n9 virus. | 2014 | 25394781 |
| the k526r substitution in viral protein pb2 enhances the effects of e627k on influenza virus replication. | host-adaptive strategies, such as the e627k substitution in the pb2 protein, are critical for replication of avian influenza a viruses in mammalian hosts. here we show that mutation pb2-k526r is present in some human h7n9 influenza isolates, in nearly 80% of h5n1 human isolates from indonesia and, in conjunction with e627k, in almost all seasonal h3n2 viruses since 1970. polymerase complexes containing pb2-526r derived from h7n9, h5n1 or h3n2 viruses exhibit increased polymerase activity. pb2-52 ... | 2014 | 25409547 |
| circulation of reassortant influenza a(h7n9) viruses in poultry and humans, guangdong province, china, 2013. | influenza a(h7n9) virus emerged in eastern china in february 2013 and continues to circulate in this region, but its ecology is poorly understood. in april 2013, the guangdong provincial center for disease control and prevention (cdc) implemented environmental and human syndromic surveillance for the virus. environmental samples from poultry markets in 21 city cdcs (n=8,942) and respiratory samples from persons with influenza-like illness or pneumonia (n=32,342) were tested; viruses isolated fro ... | 2014 | 25418838 |
| development of a diagnostic system for novel influenza a(h7n9) virus using a real-time rt-pcr assay in japan. | the first human cases of infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus were reported in march 2013 in china. the number of confirmed cases continues to increase, although almost all the cases are limited to china. in this study, a one-step real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for detecting the novel a(h7n9) virus. this assay was shown to have high specificity, good linearity, and high sensitivity to a broad range of eurasian h7 viruses. the assay is useful both for diagnostic purposes in cases of ... | 2015 | 25420657 |
| optimal designs of an ha-based dna vaccine against h7 subtype influenza viruses. | the outbreak of a novel h7n9 influenza virus in 2013 has raised serious concerns for the potential of another avian-source pandemic influenza. effective vaccines against h7n9 virus are important in the prevention and control of any major outbreak. novel vaccination technologies are useful additions to existing approaches. in the current report, dna vaccine studies were conducted to identify the optimal design of an h7 ha antigen using the ha gene from a previously reported h7n7 virus that is let ... | 2014 | 25424804 |
| transient cardiac injury during h7n9 infection. | recent reports have characterized virological and clinical features of the novel reassortant avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus. however, cardiovascular involvement during h7n9 infection is still unclear. in this study, we evaluate cardiac injury among h7n9-infected patients. | 2015 | 25431304 |
| treatment with anti-c5a antibody improves the outcome of h7n9 virus infection in african green monkeys. | patients infected with influenza a(h7n9) virus present with acute lung injury (ali) that is due to severe pneumonia and systemic inflammation. it is often fatal because there are few effective treatment options. complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of virus-induced lung injury; therefore, we investigated the effect of targeted complement inhibition on ali induced by h7n9 virus infection. | 2015 | 25433014 |
| live attenuated h7n7 influenza vaccine primes for a vigorous antibody response to inactivated h7n7 influenza vaccine. | h7 influenza viruses have emerged as potential pandemic threat. we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two candidate h7 pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccines (plaiv) and their ability to prime for responses to an unadjuvanted h7 pandemic inactivated influenza vaccine (piiv). | 2014 | 25446831 |
| avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in humans: epidemiology, evolution, and pathogenesis. | new human influenza a virus strains regularly emerge causing seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. lately, several zoonotic avian influenza a strains have been reported to directly infect humans. in early 2013, a novel avian influenza a virus (h7n9) strain was discovered in china to cause severe respiratory disease in humans. since then, over 450 human cases of h7n9 infection have been discovered and 165 of them have died. multiple epidemiological, phylogenetic, in vivo, and in vitro stud ... | 2014 | 25446940 |
| cross-protection against h7n9 influenza strains using a live-attenuated h7n3 virus vaccine. | in 2013, avian h7n9 influenza viruses were detected infecting people in china resulting in high mortality. influenza h7 vaccines that provide cross-protection against these new viruses are needed until specific h7n9 vaccines are ready to market. in this study, an available h7n3 cold-adapted, temperature sensitive, live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) elicited protective immune responses in ferrets against h7n9 viruses. the h7n3 laiv administered alone (by intranasal or subcutaneous administr ... | 2015 | 25448100 |
| adaptive evolution of a novel avian-origin influenza a/h7n9 virus. | in china, the recent outbreak of novel influenza a/h7n9 virus has been assumed to be severe, and it may possibly turn brutal in the near future. in order to develop highly protective vaccines and drugs for the a/h7n9 virus, it is critical to find out the selection pressure of each amino acid site. in the present study, six different statistical methods consisting of four independent codon-based maximum likelihood (cml) methods, one hierarchical bayesian (hb) method and one branch-site (bs) metho ... | 2014 | 25449177 |
| enzootic genotype s of h9n2 avian influenza viruses donates internal genes to emerging zoonotic influenza viruses in china. | avian influenza viruses of subtype h9n2 are widely prevalent in poultry in many asian countries, and the segmented nature of the viral genome results in multiple distinct genotypes via reassortment. in this study, genetic evolution of h9n2 viruses circulating in eastern china during 2007-2013 was analyzed. the results showed that the diversity of the gene constellations generated six distinct genotypes, in which a novel genotype (s) bearing the backbone of a/chicken/shanghai/f/98-like viruses by ... | 2014 | 25457363 |
| meeting report vlpnpv: session 6: development and characterization. | 2014 | 25458600 | |
| weather variability and influenza a (h7n9) transmission in shanghai, china: a bayesian spatial analysis. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus was first found in humans in shanghai, and infected over 433 patients in china. to date, very little is known about the spatiotemporal variability or environmental drivers of the risk of h7n9 infection. this study explored the spatial and temporal variation of h7n9 infection and assessed the effects of temperature and rainfall on h7n9 incidence. | 2015 | 25460662 |
| efficient replication and strong induction of innate immune responses by h9n2 avian influenza virus in human dendritic cells. | avian influenza a (h9n2) viruses have occasionally been identified in humans with upper respiratory tract infections. the novel h7n9/2013 virus identified in china shows that a low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) virus can be highly pathogenic in humans. therefore, it is important to understand virus-host cell interactions and immune responses triggered by lpai viruses in humans. we found that lpai a/hong kong/1073/99 (h9n2) virus replicated efficiently in human dendritic cells (dcs). the h9n2 ... | 2014 | 25461529 |
| the impact of temperature and humidity measures on influenza a (h7n9) outbreaks-evidence from china. | to examine the non-linear effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of influenza a h7n9 and to determine what meteorological measure, and on which day preceding symptom onset, has the most significant effect on h7n9 infection. | 2015 | 25462179 |
| viral genome and antiviral drug sensitivity analysis of two patients from a family cluster caused by the influenza a(h7n9) virus in zhejiang, china, 2013. | in the winter of 2013, people were facing the risk of human-to-human transmission of the re-emerging influenza a(h7n9) virus. we report herein information on the clinical features of two patients from the same family infected with this virus, the genomic sequences of the viruses harbored, and antiviral drug sensitivity. | 2014 | 25462187 |
| case-control study of risk factors for human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in shanghai, china, 2013. | the first human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus was reported in shanghai, china in march 2013. an additional 32 cases of human h7n9 infection were identified in the following months from march to april 2013 in shanghai. here we conducted a case-control study of the patients with h7n9 infection (n = 25) using controls matched by age, sex, and residence to determine risk factors for h7n9 infection. our findings suggest that chronic disease and frequency of visiting a live poultry mark ... | 2015 | 25471822 |
| quantification of bird-to-bird and bird-to-human infections during 2013 novel h7n9 avian influenza outbreak in china. | from february to may, 2013, 132 human avian influenza h7n9 cases were identified in china resulting in 37 deaths. we developed a novel, simple and effective compartmental modeling framework for transmissions among (wild and domestic) birds as well as from birds to human, to infer important epidemiological quantifiers, such as basic reproduction number for bird epidemic, bird-to-human infection rate and turning points of the epidemics, for the epidemic via human h7n9 case onset data and to acquir ... | 2014 | 25479054 |
| immune camouflage: relevance to vaccines and human immunology. | high strain sequence variability, interference with innate immune mechanisms, and epitope deletion are all examples of strategies that pathogens have evolved to subvert host defenses. to this list we would add another strategy: immune camouflage. pathogens whose epitope sequences are cross-conserved with multiple human proteins at the tcr-facing residues may be exploiting "ignorance and tolerance," which are mechanisms by which mature t cells avoid immune responses to self-antigens. by adopting ... | 2014 | 25483703 |
| discovery of potential drugs for human-infecting h7n9 virus containing r294k mutation. | after the first epidemic wave from february through may 2013, the influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged and has followed a second epidemic wave since june 2013. as of june 27, 2014, the outbreak of h7n9 had caused 450 confirmed cases of human infection, with 165 deaths included. the case-fatality rate of all confirmed cases is about 36%, making the h7n9 virus a significant threat to people's health. at present, neuraminidase inhibitors are the only licensed antiviral medications available to treat h7 ... | 2014 | 25489236 |
| global dynamic analysis of a h7n9 avian-human influenza model in an outbreak region. | in 2013 in china a new type of avian influenza virus, h7n9, began to infect humans and had aroused severe fatality in the infected humans. we know that the spread is from poultry to humans, and the h7n9 avian influenza is low pathogenic in the poultry world but highly pathogenic in the human world, but the transmission mechanism is unclear. since it has no signs of human-to-human transmission and outbreaks are isolated in some cities in china, in order to investigate the transmission mechanism o ... | 2015 | 25496732 |
| genetic tuning of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus promotes viral fitness within different species. | since their emergence in eastern china, novel influenza a (h7n9) viruses have been continuously circulating in poultry and causing human infections and death. we have proposed a "genetic tuning" mechanism for the genesis and evolution of the novel h7n9 virus during interspecies transmission. | 2015 | 25498867 |
| the nucleoprotein of newly emerged h7n9 influenza a virus harbors a unique motif conferring resistance to antiviral human mxa. | interferon-induced mx proteins show strong antiviral activity against influenza a viruses (iavs). we recently demonstrated that the viral nucleoprotein (np) determines resistance of seasonal and pandemic human influenza viruses to mx, while avian isolates retain mx sensitivity. we identified a surface-exposed cluster of amino acids in np of pandemic a/bm/1/1918 (h1n1), comprising isoleucine-100, proline-283, and tyrosine-313, that is essential for reduced mx sensitivity in cell culture and in vi ... | 2015 | 25505067 |
| phylogeography of avian influenza a h9n2 in china. | during the past two decades, avian influenza a h9n2 viruses have spread geographically and ecologically in china. other than its current role in causing outbreaks in poultry and sporadic human infections by direct transmission, h9n2 virus could also serve as an progenitor for novel human avian influenza viruses including h5n1, h7n9 and h10n8. hence, h9n2 virus is becoming a notable threat to public health. however, despite multiple lineages and genotypes that were detected by previous studies, t ... | 2014 | 25511561 |
| inhibition of reactive oxygen species production ameliorates inflammation induced by influenza a viruses via upregulation of socs1 and socs3. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection is associated with severe mortality in both humans and poultry. the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and immunity are poorly understood although recent evidence suggests that cytokine/chemokine dysregulation contributes to disease severity following h5n1 infection. influenza a virus infection causes a rapid influx of inflammatory cells, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species production, cytokine expression, and acute lung injury. proinf ... | 2015 | 25520513 |
| predicting host tropism of influenza a virus proteins using random forest. | majority of influenza a viruses reside and circulate among animal populations, seldom infecting humans due to host range restriction. yet when some avian strains do acquire the ability to overcome species barrier, they might become adapted to humans, replicating efficiently and causing diseases, leading to potential pandemic. with the huge influenza a virus reservoir in wild birds, it is a cause for concern when a new influenza strain emerges with the ability to cross host species barrier, as sh ... | 2014 | 25521718 |
| clinical severity of human infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus, china, 2013/14. | assessing the severity of emerging infections is challenging because of potential biases in case ascertainment. the first human case of infection with influenza a(h7n9) virus was identified in china in march 2013; since then, the virus has caused two epidemic waves in the country. there were 134 laboratory-confirmed cases detected in the first epidemic wave from january to september 2013. in the second epidemic wave of human infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china from october 201 ... | 2014 | 25523971 |
| antibodies against influenza a (h7n9) virus among veterinarians in china before 2013. | 2015 | 25524050 | |
| rapid diagnostic tests for identifying avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in clinical samples. | to determine sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests for detecting influenza a(h7n9) virus, we compared rapid tests with pcr results and tested different types of clinical samples. usefulness of seasonal influenza rapid tests for a(h7n9) virus infections is limited because of their low sensitivity for detecting virus in upper respiratory tract specimens. | 2015 | 25529064 |
| avian influenza (h7n9) virus infection in chinese tourist in malaysia, 2014. | of the ≈400 cases of avian influenza (h7n9) diagnosed in china since 2003, the only travel-related cases have been in hong kong and taiwan. detection of a case in a chinese tourist in sabah, malaysia, highlights the ease with which emerging viral respiratory infections can travel globally. | 2015 | 25531078 |
| sialic acid-binding protein sp2cbmtd protects mice against lethal challenge with emerging influenza a (h7n9) virus. | compounds that target the cellular factors essential for influenza virus replication represent an innovative approach to antiviral therapy. sp2cbmtd is a genetically engineered multivalent protein that masks sialic acid-containing cellular receptors on the respiratory epithelium, which are recognized by influenza viruses. here, we evaluated the antiviral potential of sp2cbmtd against lethal infection in mice with an emerging a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) influenza virus and addressed the mechanistic bas ... | 2015 | 25534734 |
| one-way trip: influenza virus' adaptation to gallinaceous poultry may limit its pandemic potential. | we hypothesise that some influenza virus adaptations to poultry may explain why the barrier for human-to-human transmission is not easily overcome once the virus has crossed from wild birds to chickens. since the cluster of human infections with h5n1 influenza in hong kong in 1997, chickens have been recognized as the major source of avian influenza virus infection in humans. although often severe, these infections have been limited in their subsequent human-to-human transmission, and the feared ... | 2015 | 25546511 |
| evolution of the h9n2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel h7n9 virus. | the emergence of human infection with a novel h7n9 influenza virus in china raises a pandemic concern. chicken h9n2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. however, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these h9n2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel h7n9 viruses. here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple h9n2 genotypes, a genotype (g57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in ... | 2015 | 25548189 |
| a family cluster of three confirmed cases infected with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in zhejiang province of china. | a total of 453 laboratory-confirmed cases infected with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus (including 175 deaths) have been reported till october 2,2014, of which 30.68% (139/453) of the cases were identified from zhejiang province. we describe the largest reported cluster of virologically confirmed h7n9 cases, comprised by a fatal index case and two mild secondary cases. | 2014 | 25551435 |