Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| false-negative results of pcr assay with plasma of patients with severe viral hemorrhagic fever. | 2002 | 12409441 | |
| development of an immunofluorescence method for the detection of antibodies to ebola virus subtype reston by the use of recombinant nucleoprotein-expressing hela cells. | an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) to detect ebola virus subtype reston (ebo-r) antibodies was developed by the use of a hela cell line stably expressing ebo-r nucleoprotein (np). this ifa has a high specificity for the detection of ebo-r igg antibodies in both hyperimmune rabbit sera and monkey sera collected during an ebo-r outbreak in the philippines in 1996. furthermore, this ifa showed a higher sensitivity for the detection of ebo-r antibodies than did the ifa using hela cells expres ... | 2002 | 12437031 |
| histopathology of natural ebola virus subtype reston infection in cynomolgus macaques during the philippine outbreak in 1996. | we investigated the livers, spleens, kidneys and lungs collected from 24 cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) naturally infected with ebola virus subtype reston (ebo-r) during the philippine outbreak in 1996, in order to reveal the histopathologic findings. these macaques showed necrotic hepatocytes with inclusions, slight to massive fibrin deposition in splenic cords, depletion of lymphoid cells in the white pulp of the spleen, and fibrin thrombi in some organs. immunohistochemical analysi ... | 2002 | 12451705 |
| ebola. | 2002 | 12473930 | |
| overcoming immunity to a viral vaccine by dna priming before vector boosting. | replication-defective adenovirus (adv) and poxvirus vectors have shown potential as vaccines for pathogens such as ebola or human immunodeficiency virus in nonhuman primates, but prior immunity to the viral vector in humans may limit their clinical efficacy. to overcome this limitation, the effect of prior viral exposure on immune responses to ebola virus glycoprotein (gp), shown previously to protect against lethal hemorrhagic fever in animals, was studied. prior exposure to adv substantially r ... | 2003 | 12477888 |
| evidence against ebola virus sgp binding to human neutrophils by a specific receptor. | the issue of whether ebola secretory glycoprotein (sgp) binds to human neutrophils via the igg fc receptor iiib (fcgammariiib, cd16b) or other receptors has been controversial. to clarify this, facs analysis, an sgp absorption assay, and direct binding of (125)i-sgp to neutrophils were performed. results from facs analysis demonstrated that limited washing conditions leads to the nonspecific formation of immune complexes on the neutrophil surface and this, but not a specific interaction between ... | 2002 | 12482654 |
| differential n-linked glycosylation of human immunodeficiency virus and ebola virus envelope glycoproteins modulates interactions with dc-sign and dc-signr. | the c-type lectins dc-sign and dc-signr [collectively referred to as dc-sign(r)] bind and transmit human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus to t cells via the viral envelope glycoprotein (env). other viruses containing heavily glycosylated glycoproteins (gps) fail to interact with dc-sign(r), suggesting some degree of specificity in this interaction. we show here that dc-sign(r) selectively interact with hiv env and ebola virus gps containing more high-mannose than co ... | 2003 | 12502850 |
| dc-sign and dc-signr bind ebola glycoproteins and enhance infection of macrophages and endothelial cells. | ebola virus exhibits a broad cellular tropism in vitro. in humans and animal models, virus is found in most tissues and organs during the latter stages of infection. in contrast, a more restricted cell and tissue tropism is exhibited early in infection where macrophages, liver, lymph node, and spleen are major initial targets. this indicates that cellular factors other than the broadly expressed virus receptor(s) modulate ebola virus tropism. here we demonstrate that the c-type lectins dc-sign a ... | 2003 | 12504546 |
| pre-transmembrane sequence of ebola glycoprotein. interfacial hydrophobicity distribution and interaction with membranes. | the membrane-interacting domain that precedes the transmembrane anchor of ebola glycoprotein has been characterized. this aromatic-rich region is predicted to bind the membrane interface adopting an alpha-helical structure. peptides representing either the ebola glycoprotein pre-transmembrane sequence, or a 'scrambled' control with a different hydrophobic-at-interface moment, have been studied. insertion into lipid monolayers, changes in intrinsic fluorescence and in infrared spectra demonstrate ... | 2003 | 12505157 |
| analysis of linear b-cell epitopes of the nucleoprotein of ebola virus that distinguish ebola virus subtypes. | ebola virus consists of four genetically distinguishable subtypes. we developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the nucleoprotein (np) of ebola virus zaire subtype and analyzed their cross-reactivities to the reston and sudan subtypes. we further determined the epitopes recognized by these mabs. three mabs reacted with the three major subtypes and recognized a fragment containing 110 amino acids (aa) at the c-terminal extremity. they did not show specific reactivities to any 10-aa short peptides ... | 2003 | 12522044 |
| [effect of ebola virus antigen on proliferative response of human lymphocytes in vitro: imbalance in production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1]. | an in vitro model infection caused by ebola virus (ev) showed a high production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by human peripheral lymphocytes concurrently with a simultaneous reduction in the synthesis of interleukin-1 in response ev antigen stimulation. this may be an important factor in that ve suppresses the body's immunological resistance, which in turn causes unterferon deficiency and suppresses the formation of t helper cells. | 2002 | 12522966 |
| [filovirus haemorrhagic fevers: ebola fever]. | epidemiological issues, clinical course and laboratory diagnostics of ebola haemorrhagic fever are reviewed. the structural features of virions and genetic variants of the virus are described along with ecology of ebola virus. the data on ebola fever global morbidity are also presented. | 2002 | 12525016 |
| biochemical and functional characterization of the ebola virus vp24 protein: implications for a role in virus assembly and budding. | the vp24 protein of ebola virus is believed to be a secondary matrix protein and minor component of virions. in contrast, the vp40 protein of ebola virus is the primary matrix protein and the most abundant virion component. the structure and function of vp40 have been well characterized; however, virtually nothing is known regarding the structure and function of vp24. wild-type and mutant forms of vp24 were expressed in mammalian cells to gain a better understanding of the biochemical and functi ... | 2003 | 12525613 |
| overlapping motifs (ptap and ppey) within the ebola virus vp40 protein function independently as late budding domains: involvement of host proteins tsg101 and vps-4. | the vp40 protein of ebola virus can bud from mammalian cells in the form of lipid-bound, virus-like particles (vlps), and late budding domains (l-domains) are conserved motifs (ptap, ppxy, or yxxl; where "x" is any amino acid) that facilitate the budding of vp40-containing vlps. vp40 is unique in that potential overlapping l-domains with the sequences ptap and ppey are present at amino acids 7 to 13 of vp40 (ptappey). l-domains are thought to function by interacting with specific cellular protei ... | 2003 | 12525615 |
| calcium-dependent conformational changes of membrane-bound ebola fusion peptide drive vesicle fusion. | the fusogenic subdomain of the ebola virus envelope glycoprotein is an internal sequence located ca. 20 residues downstream the n-terminus of the glycoprotein transmembrane subunit. partitioning of the ebola fusion peptide into membranes containing phosphatidylinositol in the absence of ca2+ stabilizes an alpha-helical conformation, and gives rise to vesicle efflux but not vesicle fusion. in the presence of millimolar ca2+ the membrane-bound peptide adopts an extended beta-structure, and induces ... | 2003 | 12560072 |
| ebola virus transcription activator vp30 is a zinc-binding protein. | ebola virus vp30 is an essential activator of viral transcription. in viral particles, vp30 is closely associated with the nucleocapsid complex. a conspicuous structural feature of vp30 is an unconventional zinc-binding cys(3)-his motif comprising amino acids 68 to 95. by using a colorimetric zinc-binding assay we found that the vp30-specific cys(3)-his motif stoichiometrically binds zinc ions in a one-to-one relationship. substitution of the conserved cysteines and the histidine within the moti ... | 2003 | 12584359 |
| historical analysis of the ebola virus: prospective implications for primary care nursing today. | ebola continues to attract worldwide attention as a highly lethal virus of unknown origin that leaves victims bleeding to death and has no known vaccine or cure. the purpose of this historical research was to review and analyze the primary and secondary sources available on ebola for use by primary care nurses in the event of future outbreaks. a rich resource of history has been well documented by some of the original physicians, virologists, and members of international teams, but nothing was f ... | 1998 | 12596837 |
| [in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins caused by an inactivated ebola virus]. | an in vitro model ebola infection was used to study the humoral response of human mononuclear cells to stimulation by purified inactivated ebola virus antigen. inactivated ebola virus was cocultivated with human mononuclear cells in the presence or absence of b-cell mitogen lps e. coli: b5. an increase in the rate of synthesis of immunoglobulins (both igg and, to a less extent, other classes) was observed. the ebola virus proteins were suggested to exert no suppression effect on b-cells. the igm ... | 2003 | 12608056 |
| [titration of ebola and marburg viruses by plaque formation under semi liquid agar]. | the method of titration of ebola and marburg viruses using plaque formation under semifluid agar cover is considered. advantages of this method over conventional method of titration of these viruses with the use of hard agar cover are discussed. | 2003 | 12608062 |
| defense against filoviruses used as biological weapons. | the filoviruses, marburg and ebola, are classified as category a biowarfare agents by the centers for disease control. most known human infections with these viruses have been fatal, and no vaccines or effective therapies are currently available. filoviruses are highly infectious by the airborne route in the laboratory, but investigations of african outbreaks have shown that person-to-person spread requires direct contact with virus-containing material. in consequence, filovirus epidemics can be ... | 2003 | 12615303 |
| cutting edge: impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by ebola and lassa viruses. | acute infection of humans with ebola and lassa viruses, two principal etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fevers, often results in a paradoxical pattern of immune responses: early infection, characterized by an outpouring of inflammatory mediators such as tnf-alpha, il-1 beta, and il-6, vs late stage infections, which are associated with poor immune responses. the mechanisms underlying these diverse outcomes are poorly understood. in particular, the role played by cells of the innate immune system, ... | 2003 | 12626527 |
| analysis of the role of predicted rna secondary structures in ebola virus replication. | thermodynamic modeling of ebola viral rna predicts the formation of rna stem-loop structures at the 3' and 5' termini and panhandle structures between the termini of the genomic (or antigenomic) rnas. sequence analysis showed a high degree of identity among ebola zaire, sudan, reston, and cote d'ivoire subtype viruses in their 3' and 5' termini (18 nucleotides in length) and within a second region (internal by approximately 20 nucleotides). while base pairing of the two conserved regions could l ... | 2003 | 12642094 |
| viral zoonoses - a threat under control? | despite intensive research and considerable effort to eradicate infectious diseases, modern medicine has failed to control many infectious diseases which have been thought to be easy to overcome with advances in medical science and technology. in fact, infectious diseases remain a dominant feature in public health considerations for the 21st century. some infectious agents already known to be pathogenic have gained increasing importance in recent decades due to changes in disease patterns. furth ... | 2003 | 12684545 |
| comparison of the protective efficacy of dna and baculovirus-derived protein vaccines for ebola virus in guinea pigs. | the filoviruses ebola virus (ebov) and marburg virus (marv) cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans for which no vaccines are available. previously, a priming dose of a dna vaccine expressing the glycoprotein (gp) gene of marv followed by boosting with recombinant baculovirus-derived gp protein was found to confer protective immunity to guinea pigs (hevey et al., 2001. vaccine 20, 568-593). to determine whether a similar prime-boost vaccine approach would be effective for ebov, we generated and ... | 2003 | 12686428 |
| vaccine for aids and ebola virus infection. | ebola virus and hiv present challenges for vaccine development because natural immunity to these viruses is difficult to find, and there are no immune correlates of protection in humans. modern molecular genetic, virologic and immune analyses have been used to rationally identify promising approaches based on animal model and human clinical studies. improved vaccine candidates have been defined for hiv, and a promising ebola vaccine have conferred protection in non-human primates. further evalua ... | 2003 | 12686432 |
| ape populations decimated by hunting and ebola virus. | 2003 | 12686965 | |
| ebola virus infection inversely correlates with the overall expression levels of promyelocytic leukaemia (pml) protein in cultured cells. | ebola virus causes severe, often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. the mechanism of escape from cellular anti-viral mechanisms is not yet fully understood. the promyelocytic leukaemia (pml) associated nuclear body is part of the interferon inducible cellular defense system. several rna viruses have been found to interfere with the anti-viral function of the pml body. the possible interaction between ebola virus and the pml bodies has not yet been explored. | 2003 | 12697055 |
| a current review of ebola virus: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic assessment. | ebola hemorrhagic fever (ehf) is an acute viral syndrome that presents with fever and an ensuing bleeding diathesis that is marked by high mortality in human and nonhuman primates. fatality rates are between 50% and 100%. due to its lethal nature, this filovirus is classified as a biological class 4 pathogen. the natural reservoir of the virus is unknown. as a result, little is understood about how ebola virus is transmitted or how it replicates in its host. although the primary source of infect ... | 2003 | 12698919 |
| ebola virus: immune mechanisms of protection and vaccine development. | vaccination is one of our most powerful antiviral strategies. despite the emergence of deadly viruses such as ebola virus, vaccination efforts have focused mainly on childhood communicable diseases. although ebola virus was once believed to be limited to isolated outbreaks in distant lands, forces of globalization potentiate outbreaks anywhere in the world through incidental transmission. moreover, since this virus has already been transformed into weapon-grade material, the potential exists for ... | 2003 | 12698920 |
| [ebola virus and marburg virus]. | 2003 | 12718026 | |
| cyanovirin-n binds to the viral surface glycoprotein, gp1,2 and inhibits infectivity of ebola virus. | ebola virus (ebo) causes severe hemorrhagic fever and high mortality in humans. there are currently no effective therapies. here, we have explored potential anti-ebo activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-inactivating protein cyanovirin-n (cv-n). cv-n is known to potently inhibit the infectivity of a broad spectrum of hiv strains at the level of viral entry. this involves cv-n binding to n-linked high-mannose oligossacharides on the viral glycoprotein gp120. the ebola envelope contai ... | 2003 | 12719006 |
| serological reactivity of baculovirus-expressed ebola virus vp35 and nucleoproteins. | ebola virus (ebov) is a member of the family filoviridae and is classified as a biosafety level 4 virus. this classification makes the preparation of antigen and performance of diagnostic assays time-consuming and complicated. the objective of this study was to evaluate the value of ebov immunoassays based on recombinant nucleoprotein (r-np) and recombinant vp35 (r-vp35) using large serum panels of african origin and from primates. furthermore, we investigated whether the results obtained with e ... | 2003 | 12737993 |
| vaccine research efforts for filoviruses. | ebola and marburg viruses belong to the family filoviridae, and cause acute, frequently fatal, haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. no vaccines are available for human use. this review describes the status of research efforts to develop vaccines for these viruses and to identify the immune mechanisms of protection. the vaccine approaches discussed include dna-based vaccines, and subunit vaccines vectored by adenovirus, alphavirus replicons, and vaccinia virus. | 2003 | 12782057 |
| ebola haemorrhagic fever among hospitalised children and adolescents in northern uganda: epidemiologic and clinical observations. | a unique feature of previous ebola outbreaks has been the relative sparing of children. for the first time, an out break of an unusual illness-ebola haemorrhagic fever occurred in northern uganda gulu district. | 2001 | 12789118 |
| [analysis of antigenic determinant profiles of the ebola virus vp35 protein n-terminal region using its short recombinant fragments]. | cdna of fragments of gene vp35 of the ebola virus (ev) were expressed in vector pqe30 for the purpose of isolation of recombinant fragments of protein vp35. five short affinity-purified fragments of the ev vp35 protein were analyzed, by using the methods of iea and immunoblotting, with polyclonal antiviral sera (pas) against ev and with hybrid monoclonal antibodies (mabs) ic6 and 6f7 specific to ev vp35 protein. all fragments of protein vp35 with an intact n-terminal region and removed c-termina ... | 2003 | 12800775 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of ebola virus infection. | most strains of ebola virus cause a rapidly fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans, yet there are still no biologic explanations that adequately account for the extreme virulence of these emerging pathogens. here we show that ebola zaire virus infection in humans induces antibodies that enhance viral infectivity. plasma or serum from convalescing patients enhanced the infection of primate kidney cells by the zaire virus, and this enhancement was mediated by antibodies to the viral glycoprotein and ... | 2003 | 12805454 |
| conservation biology. can great apes be saved from ebola? | 2003 | 12805515 | |
| development, characterization and use of monoclonal vp40-antibodies for the detection of ebola virus. | ebola virus (ebov) causes uncommon but dramatic outbreaks in remote regions of africa, where diagnostic facilities are limited. in order to develop diagnostic tests, which can be handled and distributed easily, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to ebov, species zaire, were produced from mice immunized with inactivated viral particles. nine stable hybridoma cell lines were obtained producing specific mabs directed against the viral structural protein vp40. these mabs were characterized by enzyme-linke ... | 2003 | 12821193 |
| immunoglobulin g enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using truncated nucleoproteins of reston ebola virus. | we developed an immunoglobulin g (igg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using partial recombinant nucleoproteins (rnp) of reston ebola virus (ebo-r) and zaire ebola virus (ebo-z). we examined the reaction of 10 sera from cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with ebo-r to each of the partial rnp in the igg elisa. all the sera reacted to the c-terminal halves of the rnp of both ebo-r and ebo-z. most of the sera reacted to the rdeltac (amino acid (aa) 360-739), and rdelta6 (aa 451-551) ... | 2003 | 12825739 |
| the ebola virus vp35 protein inhibits activation of interferon regulatory factor 3. | the ebola virus vp35 protein was previously found to act as an interferon (ifn) antagonist which could complement growth of influenza delns1 virus, a mutant influenza virus lacking the influenza virus ifn antagonist protein, ns1. the ebola virus vp35 could also prevent the virus- or double-stranded rna-mediated transcriptional activation of both the beta ifn (ifn-beta) promoter and the ifn-stimulated isg54 promoter (c. basler et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:12289-12294, 2000). we now show ... | 2003 | 12829834 |
| antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of reston ebola virus nucleoprotein. | antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is one of the most useful methods to detect ebola virus rapidly. we previously developed an antigen capture elisa using a monoclonal antibody (mab), 3-3d, which reacted not only to the nucleoprotein (np) of zaire ebola virus (ebo-z) but also to the nps of sudan (ebo-s) and reston ebola (ebo-r) viruses. in this study, we developed antigen capture elisas using two novel mabs, res2-6c8 and res2-1d8, specific to the np of ebo-r. res2-6c8 and ... | 2003 | 12853385 |
| an ebola epidemic simmers in africa: in remote region, outbreak shows staying power. | 2003 | 12865357 | |
| ebola glycoprotein: the key to successful gene therapy? | 2003 | 12867139 | |
| inactivation of ebola virus with a surfactant nanoemulsion. | hemorrhagic fever caused by ebola virus (ebo) is a highly contagious infection. this necessitates that the contaminated instruments, clothes, and hospital premises must be completely disinfected. nanoemulsions are a new form of disinfectant composed of detergents and vegetable oil suspended in water. the antiviral activity of nanoemulsion atb has been investigated against ebo. the nanoemulsion was tested against two preparations of ebo (strain zaire) obtained from vero cell culture fluid (ebo-zc ... | 2003 | 12875924 |
| elaboration of laboratory strains of ebola virus and study of pathophysiological reactions of animals inoculated with these strains. | selective passages in animals and cell cultures were used to produce a set of ebola virus (ebo) laboratory strains with changed virulence for some animal genera. comparative study of the genomes of wild-type ebo and selected variants formed the basis for studying the molecular causes of ebo virulence. investigation of pathophysiological reactions of the animals inoculated with these strains allowed some key factors in ebola fever pathogenesis to be determined. | 2003 | 12875925 |
| fast vaccine offers hope in battle with ebola. | 2003 | 12904747 | |
| accelerated vaccination for ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates. | containment of highly lethal ebola virus outbreaks poses a serious public health challenge. although an experimental vaccine has successfully protected non-human primates against disease, more than six months was required to complete the immunizations, making it impractical to limit an acute epidemic. here, we report the development of accelerated vaccination against ebola virus in non-human primates. the antibody response to immunization with an adenoviral (adv) vector encoding the ebola glycop ... | 2003 | 12904795 |
| oligomerization of ebola virus vp30 is essential for viral transcription and can be inhibited by a synthetic peptide. | transcription of ebola virus (ebov)-specific mrna is driven by the nucleocapsid proteins np, vp35, and l. this process is further dependent on vp30, an essential ebov-specific transcription factor. the present study addresses the self-assembly of vp30 and the functional significance of this process for viral transcription and propagation. essential for oligomerization of vp30 is a region spanning amino acids 94-112. within this region a cluster of four leucine residues is of critical importance. ... | 2003 | 12912982 |
| oligomerization and polymerization of the filovirus matrix protein vp40. | the matrix protein vp40 from ebola virus plays an important role in the assembly process of virus particles by interacting with cellular factors, cellular membranes, and the ribonuclearprotein particle complex. here we show that the n-terminal domain of vp40 folds into a mixture of two different oligomeric states in vitro, namely hexameric and octameric ringlike structures, as detected by gel filtration chromatography, chemical cross-linking, and electron microscopy. octamer formation depends la ... | 2003 | 12919741 |
| protection from lethal infection is determined by innate immune responses in a mouse model of ebola virus infection. | a mouse-adapted strain of ebola zaire virus produces a fatal infection when balb/cj mice are infected intraperitoneally (ip) but subcutaneous (sc) infection with the same virus fails to produce illness and confers long-term protection from lethal ip rechallenge. to identify immune correlates of protection in this model, we compared viral replication and cytokine/chemokine responses to ebola virus in mice infected ip (10 pfu/mouse), or sc (100 pfu/mouse) and sc "immune" mice rechallenged ip (10(6 ... | 2003 | 12919746 |
| comparison of individual and combination dna vaccines for b. anthracis, ebola virus, marburg virus and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | multiagent dna vaccines for highly pathogenic organisms offer an attractive approach for preventing naturally occurring or deliberately introduced diseases. few animal studies have compared the feasibility of combining unrelated gene vaccines. here, we demonstrate that dna vaccines to four dissimilar pathogens that are known biowarfare agents, bacillus anthracis, ebola (ebov), marburg (marv), and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), can elicit protective immunity in relevant animal model ... | 2003 | 12922144 |
| ebola virus pathogenesis: implications for vaccines and therapies. | 2003 | 12941881 | |
| nedd4 regulates egress of ebola virus-like particles from host cells. | ebola virus budding is mediated by two proline-rich motifs, ppxy and ptap, within the viral matrix protein vp40. we have previously shown that a nedd4-like protein bul1, but not nedd4, positively regulates budding of type d retrovirus mason-pfizer monkey virus (j. yasuda, e. hunter, m. nakao, and h. shida, embo rep. 3:636-640, 2002). here, we report that the cellular e3 ubiquitin ligase nedd4 regulates budding of vp40-induced virus-like particles (vlps) through interaction with the ppxy motif. m ... | 2003 | 12941909 |
| ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine. | ebola virus, being highly pathogenic for humans and non-human primates and the subject of former weapons programmes, is now one of the most feared pathogens worldwide. in addition, the lack of pre- and post-exposure interventions makes the development of rapid diagnostics, new antiviral agents and protective vaccines a priority for many nations. further insight into the ecology, immunology and pathogenesis of ebola virus will promote the delivery of these urgently required tools. | 2003 | 12974482 |
| pathogens target dc-sign to influence their fate dc-sign functions as a pathogen receptor with broad specificity. | dendritic cells (dc) are vital in the defense against pathogens. to sense pathogens dc express pathogen recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors (tlr) and c-type lectins that recognize different fragments of pathogens, and subsequently activate or present pathogen fragments to t cells. it is now becoming evident that some pathogens subvert dc functions to escape immune surveillance. hiv-1 targets the dc-specific c-type lectin dc-sign to hijack dc for viral dissemination. hiv-1 binding t ... | 2003 | 12974773 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies and development of an antigen capture elisa directed against the envelope glycoprotein gp of ebola virus. | ebola virus (ebov) causes severe outbreaks of ebola hemorrhagic fever in endemic regions of africa and is considered to be of impact for other parts of the world as an imported viral disease. to develop a new diagnostic test, monoclonal antibodies to ebov were produced from mice immunized with inactivated ebov species zaire. antibodies directed against the viral glycoprotein gp were characterized by elisa, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. an antigen capture elisa was established, wh ... | 2004 | 14593476 |
| lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with minimal filovirus envelopes increased gene transfer in murine lung. | a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-based vector pseudotyped with the ebola zaire (eboz) viral envelope glycoprotein (gp) was recently shown to transduce murine airway epithelia cells in vivo. in this study, the vector was further redesigned to improve gene transfer and also to increase safety. we used mutant eboz envelopes for pseudotyping, which resulted in higher titers and increased transduction of airway cells in vivo compared to vectors pseudotyped with wild-type eboz gp. as these envelop ... | 2003 | 14599811 |
| biodefense research: new tricks to fight old enemies. | 2003 | 14603119 | |
| chemokine regulation of inflammation during acute viral infection. | chemokines are important inflammatory mediators, and regulate disease due to viral infection. this article will discuss scientific papers published primarily since june 2002 that have introduced new concepts in how chemokines regulate the inflammatory response to specific viruses. | 2003 | 14612671 |
| virology. new vaccine and treatment excite ebola researchers. | 2003 | 14615510 | |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications. | besides the common receptor/coreceptor-dependent mechanism of cellular attachment, some viruses rely on antiviral antibodies for their efficient entry into target cells. this mechanism, known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of viral infection, depends on the cross-linking of complexes of virus-antibody or virus-activated complement components through interaction with cellular molecules such as fc receptors or complement receptors, leading to enhanced infection of susceptible cells. recen ... | 2003 | 14625886 |
| mannosyl glycodendritic structure inhibits dc-sign-mediated ebola virus infection in cis and in trans. | we have designed a glycodendritic structure, bh30sucman, that blocks the interaction between dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (dc-sign) and ebola virus (ebov) envelope. bh30sucman inhibits dc-sign-mediated ebov infection at nanomolar concentrations. bh30sucman may counteract important steps of the infective process of ebov and, potentially, of microorganisms shown to exploit dc-sign for cell entry and infection. | 2003 | 14638512 |
| ebola and marburg viruses replicate in monocyte-derived dendritic cells without inducing the production of cytokines and full maturation. | ebola virus (ebov) and marburg virus (marv) cause rapidly progressive hemorrhagic fever with high mortality and may possess specialized mechanisms to evade immune destruction. we postulated that immune evasion could be due to the ability of ebov and marv to interfere with dendritic cells (dcs), which link innate and adaptive immune responses. we demonstrate that ebov and marv infected and replicated in primary human dcs without inducing cytokine secretion. infected dc cultures supported exponent ... | 2003 | 14639532 |
| folate receptor alpha and caveolae are not required for ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection. | folate receptor alpha (fralpha) has been described as a factor involved in mediating ebola virus entry into cells (6). furthermore, it was suggested that interaction with fralpha results in internalization and subsequent viral ingress into the cytoplasm via caveolae (9). descriptions of cellular receptors for ebola virus and its entry mechanisms are of fundamental importance, particularly with the advent of vectors bearing ebola virus glycoprotein (gp) being utilized for gene transfer into cell ... | 2003 | 14645601 |
| emerging viral infections in a rapidly changing world. | emerging viral infections in both humans and animals have been reported with increased frequency in recent years. recent advances have been made in our knowledge of some of these, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus, influenza a virus, human metapneumovirus, west nile virus and ebola virus. research efforts to mitigate their effects have concentrated on improved surveillance and diagnostic capabilities, as well as on the development of vaccines and antiviral agents ... | 2003 | 14662395 |
| ebola virus-like particles protect from lethal ebola virus infection. | the filovirus ebola causes hemorrhagic fever with 70-80% human mortality. high case-fatality rates, as well as known aerosol infectivity, make ebola virus a potential global health threat and possible biological warfare agent. development of an effective vaccine for use in natural outbreaks, response to biological attack, and protection of laboratory workers is a higher national priority than ever before. coexpression of the ebola virus glycoprotein (gp) and matrix protein (vp40) in mammalian ce ... | 2003 | 14673108 |
| in vivo oligomerization and raft localization of ebola virus protein vp40 during vesicular budding. | the matrix protein vp40 plays a critical role in ebola virus assembly and budding, a process that utilizes specialized membrane domains known as lipid rafts. previous studies with purified protein suggest a role for oligomerization of vp40 in this process. here, we demonstrate vp40 oligomers in lipid rafts of mammalian cells, virus-like particles, and in the authentic ebola virus. by mutagenesis, we identify several critical c-terminal sequences that regulate oligomerization at the plasma membra ... | 2003 | 14673115 |
| treatment of ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor viia/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys. | infection with the ebola virus induces overexpression of the procoagulant tissue factor in primate monocytes and macrophages, suggesting that inhibition of the tissue-factor pathway could ameliorate the effects of ebola haemorrhagic fever. here, we tested the notion that blockade of fviia/tissue factor is beneficial after infection with ebola virus. | 2003 | 14683653 |
| containing a haemorrhagic fever epidemic: the ebola experience in uganda (october 2000-january 2001). | introduction: the ebola virus, belonging to the family of filoviruses, was first recognized in 1976 when it caused concurrent outbreaks in yambuku in the democratic republic of congo (drc), and in the town of nzara in sudan. both countries share borders with uganda. a total of 425 cases and 224 deaths attributed to ebola haemorrhagic fever (ehf) were recorded in uganda in 2000/01. although there was delayed detection at the community level, prompt and efficient outbreak investigation led to the ... | 2004 | 14690778 |
| persistent infection with ebola virus under conditions of partial immunity. | ebola hemorrhagic fever in humans is associated with high mortality; however, some infected hosts clear the virus and recover. the mechanisms by which this occurs and the correlates of protective immunity are not well defined. using a mouse model, we determined the role of the immune system in clearance of and protection against ebola virus. all cd8 t-cell-deficient mice succumbed to subcutaneous infection and had high viral antigen titers in tissues, whereas mice deficient in b cells or cd4 t c ... | 2004 | 14694127 |
| production of novel ebola virus-like particles from cdnas: an alternative to ebola virus generation by reverse genetics. | we established a plasmid-based system for generating infectious ebola virus-like particles (vlps), which contain an ebola virus-like minigenome consisting of a negative-sense copy of the green fluorescent protein gene. this system produced nearly 10(3) infectious particles per ml of supernatant, equivalent to the titer of ebola virus generated by a reverse genetics system. interestingly, infectious ebola vlps were generated, even without expression of vp24. transmission and scanning electron mic ... | 2004 | 14694131 |
| towards a vaccine against ebola virus. | ebola virus infection causes hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and nonhuman primates. currently, there are no vaccines or therapies approved for human use. outbreaks of ebola virus have been infrequent, largely confined to remote locations in africa and quarantine of sick patients has been effective in controlling epidemics. in the past, this small global market has generated little commercial interest for developing an ebola virus vaccine. however, heightened awareness of bi ... | 2003 | 14711361 |
| epidemiology. ebola outbreaks may have had independent sources. | 2004 | 14726565 | |
| multiple ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central african wildlife. | several human and animal ebola outbreaks have occurred over the past 4 years in gabon and the republic of congo. the human outbreaks consisted of multiple simultaneous epidemics caused by different viral strains, and each epidemic resulted from the handling of a distinct gorilla, chimpanzee, or duiker carcass. these animal populations declined markedly during human ebola outbreaks, apparently as a result of ebola infection. recovered carcasses were infected by a variety of ebola strains, suggest ... | 2004 | 14726594 |
| conference report - i. investigating new vaccines: ebola and hiv: highlights from the viral vaccine meeting; october 25-28, 2003; barcelona, spain. | 2003 | 14745371 | |
| distribution of hydrophobic residues is crucial for the fusogenic properties of the ebola virus gp2 fusion peptide. | the lipid-destabilizing properties of the n-terminal domain of the gp2 of ebola virus were investigated. our results suggest that the domain of ebola virus needed for fusion is shorter than that previously reported. the fusogenic properties of this domain are related to its oblique orientation at the lipid/water interface owing to an asymmetric distribution of the hydrophobic residues when helical. | 2004 | 14747578 |
| ebola vaccines tested in humans, monkeys. | 2004 | 14762022 | |
| terrorism symposium update and conclusion. | 2003 | 14965028 | |
| identification of murine t-cell epitopes in ebola virus nucleoprotein. | cd8 t cells play an important role in controlling ebola infection and in mediating vaccine-induced protective immunity, yet little is known about antigenic targets in ebola that are recognized by cd8 t cells. overlapping peptides were used to identify major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted epitopes in mice immunized with vectors encoding ebola nucleoprotein (np). cd8 t-cell responses were mapped to a h-2(d)-restricted epitope (np279-288) and two h-2(b)-restricted epitopes (np44-52 a ... | 2004 | 14972550 |
| budding of ppxy-containing rhabdoviruses is not dependent on host proteins tgs101 and vps4a. | viral matrix proteins of several enveloped rna viruses play important roles in virus assembly and budding and are by themselves able to bud from the cell surface in the form of lipid-enveloped, virus-like particles (vlps). three motifs (pt/sap, ppxy, and yxxl) have been identified as late budding domains (l-domains) responsible for efficient budding. l-domains can functionally interact with cellular proteins involved in vacuolar sorting (vps4a and tsg101) and endocytic pathways (nedd4), suggesti ... | 2004 | 14990685 |
| viral star wars. | 2004 | 14991058 | |
| ebola virus glycoproteins: guidance devices for targeting gene therapy vectors. | replacing the native viral envelope protein on the surface of a retrovirus or lentivirus with the glycoprotein of a foreign enveloped virus, a process called pseudotyping, can expand the set of potential target cells for a viral vector or can restrict entry to specific cells. the ebola virus glycoprotein, because of its evolutionary origins and the route of viral entry promoted by it, possesses distinct advantages in forming the outer shell of such pseudotyped retroviruses for gene therapy appli ... | 2004 | 15006727 |
| rapid diagnosis of ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-pcr in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome. | the largest outbreak on record of ebola hemorrhagic fever (ehf) occurred in uganda from august 2000 to january 2001. the outbreak was centered in the gulu district of northern uganda, with secondary transmission to other districts. after the initial diagnosis of sudan ebolavirus by the national institute for virology in johannesburg, south africa, a temporary diagnostic laboratory was established within the gulu district at st. mary's lacor hospital. the laboratory used antigen capture and rever ... | 2004 | 15047846 |
| [an effective vaccine against ebola hemorrhagic fever]. | 2004 | 15049337 | |
| ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated anoikis of primary human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. | ebola virus glycoprotein (egp) has been implicated for the induction of cytotoxicity and injury in vascular cells. on the other hand, egp has also been suggested to induce massive cell rounding and detachment from the plastic surface by downregulating cell adhesion molecules without causing cytotoxicity. in this study, we have examined the cytotoxic role of egp in primary endothelial cells by transduction with a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus expressing egp (ad-egp). primary human ... | 2004 | 15051379 |
| first international quality assurance study on the rapid detection of viral agents of bioterrorism. | we have conducted an international quality assurance study of filovirus, lassa virus, and orthopox virus pcr with 24 participants. of the participating laboratories, 45.8 and 66.7% detected virus in all plasma samples, which contained > or = 5,000 and > or = 100,000 copies per ml, respectively. sensitivity levels were not significantly different between viruses. false-negative results were attributable to a lack of sensitivity. | 2004 | 15071040 |
| rapid detection protocol for filoviruses. | the incidence of filovirus disease outbreaks has been increasing in recent years. although there have been advances in the developments of diagnostics, field tests are rare. apart from family members of infected patients, health care workers are at high risk of being infected during the initial phase of an outbreak. rt-pcr has been shown to be helpful in containing outbreaks. | 2004 | 15072761 |
| in vitro evaluation of cyanovirin-n antiviral activity, by use of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with filovirus envelope glycoproteins. | cyanovirin-n (cv-n) has been shown to inhibit ebola zaire virus (ebozv) infection, both in vitro and in vivo, through its ability to bind to oligomannoses-8/9 on the ebozv surface glycoprotein (gp). here, we report the in vitro potency of cv-n to inhibit ebozv gp- and marburg virus gp-pseudotyped viruses (ec50 approximately 40-60 nmol/l and approximately 6-25 nmol/l, respectively) from mediating gene transduction into hela cells. in addition, we provide evidence that cv-n can effectively inhibit ... | 2004 | 15073681 |
| [strain differences related to ebola virus reproduction in peritoneal macrophages and in aorta explants of guinea pigs]. | reproduction of the ebola strains (es) virus causing lethality in guinea pigs as well as in peritoneal macrophages and aorta explants of animals was investigated in vitro and in vivo; besides, production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) by macrophages and endotheliocytes of guinea pigs was also studied. the interplay "macrophage--es" by the example of 2 models of susceptibility to es demonstrates that the es lethality is not unambiguously related onl ... | 2004 | 15106377 |
| [dynamics of complement hemolytic activity in experimental ebola infection]. | the dynamic hemolytic activity of complements (hac) was investigated in blood of guinea pigs in lethal and non-lethal ebola infection. the increasing hac dynamic activity in the animal blood was found to correlate with the infection lethal course. hac as observed in animals with lethal infection was sweepingly increasing after they, were infected with ebola virus, and yet after 15 hours from the infection time the complement activity parameters topped 2-fold the basic values in 100% of guinea pi ... | 2004 | 15106379 |
| context-dependent effects of l domains and ubiquitination on viral budding. | many enveloped viruses encode late assembly domains, or l domains, that facilitate virion egress. ptap-type l domains act by recruiting the escrt-i (endosomal sorting complex required for transport i) component tsg101, and ypxl/lxxlf-type l domains recruit aip-1/alix, both of which are class e vacuolar protein sorting (vps) factors, normally required for the generation of vesicles within endosomes. the binding cofactors for ppxy-type l domains have not been unambiguously resolved but may include ... | 2004 | 15140952 |
| the basic reproductive number of ebola and the effects of public health measures: the cases of congo and uganda. | despite improved control measures, ebola remains a serious public health risk in african regions where recurrent outbreaks have been observed since the initial epidemic in 1976. using epidemic modeling and data from two well-documented ebola outbreaks (congo 1995 and uganda 2000), we estimate the number of secondary cases generated by an index case in the absence of control interventions r0. our estimate of r0 is 1.83 (sd 0.06) for congo (1995) and 1.34 (sd 0.03) for uganda (2000). we model the ... | 2004 | 15178190 |
| other viral bioweapons: ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever. | the term viral hemorrhagic fever refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by acute onset of fever accompanied by nonspecific findings of malaise, prostration, diarrhea,and headache. patients frequently show signs of increased vascular permeability, and many develop bleeding diatheses. the hemorrhagic fever viruses represent potential agents for biologic warfare because of capability of aerosol transmission, high morbidity,and mortality associated with infection, and ability to replicate in ce ... | 2004 | 15207310 |
| contribution of ebola virus glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and vp24 to budding of vp40 virus-like particles. | the vp40 matrix protein of ebola virus buds from cells in the form of virus-like particles (vlps) and plays a central role in virus assembly and budding. in this study, we utilized a functional budding assay and cotransfection experiments to examine the contributions of the glycoprotein (gp), nucleoprotein (np), and vp24 of ebola virus in facilitating release of vp40 vlps. we demonstrate that vp24 alone does not affect vp40 vlp release, whereas np and gp enhance release of vp40 vlps, individuall ... | 2004 | 15220407 |
| roles of a conserved proline in the internal fusion peptide of ebola glycoprotein. | the structural determinants underlying the functionality of viral internal fusion peptides (ifps) are not well understood. we have compared ebowt (gaaiglawipyfgpaae), representing the ifp of the ebola fusion protein gp, and ebowt (gaaiglawipyfgraae) derived from a non-functional mutant with conserved pro537 substituted by arg. p537r substitution did not abrogate peptide-membrane association, but interfered with the ability to induce bilayer destabilization. structural determinations suggest that ... | 2004 | 15225645 |
| sudan ebola outbreak of known strain. | 2004 | 15252932 | |
| pathogenesis of filoviral haemorrhagic fevers. | the filoviruses, marburgvirus and ebolavirus, cause epidemics of haemorrhagic fever with high case-fatality rates. the severe illness results from a complex of pathogenetic mechanisms that enable the virus to suppress innate and adaptive immune responses, infect and kill a broad variety of cell types, and elicit strong inflammatory responses and disseminated intravascular coagulation, producing a syndrome resembling septic shock. most experimental data have been obtained on zaire ebolavirus, whi ... | 2004 | 15288821 |
| ebola and marburg virus-like particles activate human myeloid dendritic cells. | the filoviruses, ebola (ebov) and marburg (marv), are potential global health threats, which cause deadly hemorrhagic fevers. although both ebov and marv logarithmically replicate in dendritic cells (dcs), these viruses do not elicit dc cytokine secretion and fail to activate and mature infected dcs. here, we employed virus-like particles (vlps) of ebov and marv to investigate whether these genome-free particles maintain similar immune evasive properties as authentic filoviruses. confocal micros ... | 2004 | 15302213 |
| marburg virus-like particles protect guinea pigs from lethal marburg virus infection. | ongoing outbreaks of filoviruses in africa and concerns about their use in bioterrorism attacks have led to intense efforts to find safe and effective vaccines to prevent the high mortality associated with these viruses. we previously reported the generation of virus-like particles (vlps) for the filoviruses, marburg (marv) and ebola (ebov) virus, and that vaccinating mice with ebola vlps (evlps) results in complete survival from a lethal ebov challenge. the objective of this study was to determ ... | 2004 | 15308377 |
| glycodendritic structures: promising new antiviral drugs. | dc-sign, a c-type lectin expressed by dendritic cells, is able to recognize high mannosylated glycoproteins at the surface of a broad range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. for at least some of these agents this interaction appears to be an important part of the infection process. therefore, this lectin might be considered in the design of new antiviral drugs. in this manner, multivalent carbohydrate systems based on dendrimers and dendritic polymers are promising c ... | 2004 | 15308605 |