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charcoal anatomy of brazilian species. i. anacardiaceae.anthracological studies are firmly advancing in the tropics during the last decades. the theoretical and methodological bases of the discipline are well established. yet, there is a strong demand for comparative reference material, seeking for an improvement in the precision of taxonomic determination, both in palaeoecological and palaeoethnobotanical studies and to help preventing illegal charcoal production. this work presents descriptions of charcoal anatomy of eleven anacardiaceae species fr ...201627901191
schistosomicidal activity of alkyl-phenols from the cashew anacardium occidentale against schistosoma mansoni adult worms.bioassay-guided study of the ethanol extract from the cashew anacardium occidentale furnished cardol triene (1), cardol diene (2), anacardic acid triene (3), cardol monoene (4), anacardic acid diene (5), 2-methylcardol triene (6), and 2-methylcardol diene (7). 1d- and 2d-nmr experiments and hrms analysis confirmed the structures of compounds 1-7. compounds 2 and 7 were active against schistosoma mansoni adult worms in vitro, with lc50 values of 32.2 and 14.5 μm and selectivity indices of 6.1 and ...201627934289
methotrexate-treated ectopic pregnancy: beta human chorionic gonadotropin serum changes as a success predictor using a mathematical model validation.surgical rescue of methotrexate-treated ectopic pregnancy is necessary when tubal rupture or medical therapy failure is detected during post-therapeutic monitoring. it is known that an increased beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hcg) concentration is the most important factor associated with treatment failure. therefore, we suggested that relative changes in serum β-hcg could predict a successful result of medical treatment, leading to facilitation of the decision to forgo the prospect of pos ...201627936449
a new species of iguanid lizard, genus <i>stenocercus</i> (squamata, iguania), from the central andes in peru.we describe a new species of stenocercus from the montane forest of the right margin of the marañón river in the northern portion of the central andes in northern peru (amazonas and la libertad departments), at elevations ranging from 2300 to 3035 m. stenocercus omari sp. nov. differs from other stenocercus species, with the exception of s. amydrorhytus, s. chrysopygus, s. cupreus, s. johaberfellneri, s. latebrosus, s. melanopygus, s. modestus, s. ornatissimus, s. orientalis, and s. stigmosus, b ...201627988595
thermochemical properties of hydrophilic polymers from cashew and khaya exudates and their implications on drug delivery.characterization of a polymer is essential for determining its suitability for a particular purpose. thermochemical properties of cashew gum (csg) extracted from exudates of anacardium occidentale l. and khaya gum (kyg) extracted from exudates of khaya senegalensis were determined and compared with those of acacia gum bp (acg). the polymers were subjected to different thermal and chemical analyses. exudates of csg contained higher amount of hydrophilic polymer. the ph of 2% w/v gum dispersions w ...201627990303
a large and unusually colored new snake species of the genus tantilla (squamata; colubridae) from the peruvian andes.a new colubrid species of the genus tantilla from the dry forest of the northern peruvian andes is described on the basis of two specimens, which exhibit a conspicuous sexual dimorphism. tantilla tjiasmantoi sp. nov. represents the third species of the genus in peru. the new species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of scalation characteristics and the unusual transversely-banded color pattern on the dorsum. a detailed description of the skull morphology of the new sp ...201627994975
isolation with asymmetric gene flow during the nonsynchronous divergence of dry forest birds.dry forest bird communities in south america are often fragmented by intervening mountains and rainforests, generating high local endemism. the historical assembly of dry forest communities likely results from dynamic processes linked to numerous population histories among codistributed species. nevertheless, species may diversify in the same way through time if landscape and environmental features, or species ecologies, similarly structure populations. here we tested whether six co-distributed ...201728100029
potential prebiotic properties of cashew apple (anacardium occidentale l.) agro-industrial byproduct on lactobacillus species.the prebiotic effects of a cashew apple (anacardium occidentale l.) agro-industrial byproduct powder (cap) on different potentially probiotic lactobacillus strains, namely lactobacillus acidophilus la-05, lactobacillus casei l-26 and lactobacillus paracasei l-10, were assessed using in vitro experimental models. accordingly, the growth of the lactobacillus strains when cultivated in a broth containing cap (20 or 30 g l(-1) ), glucose (20 g l(-1) ) or fructooligosaccharides (fos) (20 g l(-1) ) wa ...201728111773
contact dermatitis due to cashew nut (anacardium occidentale) shell oil, pericarp and kernel.a 21 year old worker developed itching, fissuring and exudative lesions on her hands and fingers, 3 year after working as a cutter in the cashew nut factory. the lesions would in, prove during holidays or after she left her job. patch tests were postive with the 0.1% cashew nut shell oil in polyethylene glycol and also with the red pericarp covering and the kernel of cashew nuts used as such.201728134176
a revision of the cis-andean species of the genus <i>brycon</i> müller &amp; troschel (characiformes: characidae).a revision of the cis-andean species of brycon, with the exception of the brycon pesu species-complex, is presented. twenty-one brycon species (including b. pesu) are recognized from cis-andean river systems: brycon stolzmanni steindachner, from the upper río marañon basin, peru; brycon coxeyi fowler, from the río marañon basin, ecuador and peru; brycon polylepis moscó morales, from the lago de maracaibo, río orinoco, upper rio amazonas, and rio tocantins basins, venezuela, colombia, peru, and b ...201728187640
extraction and characterization of highly gelling low methoxy pectin from cashew apple pomace.investigation on the pectic substances of cashew (anacardium occidentale l.) apple under different acid-extraction conditions (ph 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) showed that more than 10%-25% of a. occidentale pectins (aop) could be extracted, depending on the extractant strength. the extracted aop contained high amounts of galacturonic acid (gala: 69.9%-84.5%) with some neutral sugars of which rhamnose (rha: 1.3%-2.5%), arabinose (ara: 2.6%-5.4%), and galactose (gal: 4.7%-8.6%) were the main constituents. t ...201328234301
[deep versus moderate neuromuscular block during one-lung ventilation in lung resection surgery].neuromuscular relaxants are essential during general anesthesia for several procedures. classical anesthesiology literature indicates that the use of neuromuscular blockade in thoracic surgery may be deleterious in patients in lateral decubitus position in one-lung ventilation. the primary objective of our study was to compare respiratory function according to the degree of patient neuromuscular relaxation. secondary, we wanted to check that neuromuscular blockade during one-lung ventilation is ...201728256331
threats to intact tropical peatlands and opportunities for their conservation.large, intact areas of tropical peatland are highly threatened at a global scale by the expansion of commercial agriculture and other forms of economic development. conserving peatlands on a landscape scale, with their hydrology intact, is of international conservation importance to preserve their distinctive biodiversity and ecosystem services, and maintain their resilience to future environmental change. here, we explore the threats and opportunities for conserving remaining intact tropical pe ...201728272753
preventing facial pressure ulcers in patients under non-invasive mechanical ventilation: a randomised control trial.to comparatively assess the efficacy of four different therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of facial pressure ulcers (fpus) related to the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (niv) with oro-nasal masks in critically ill hospitalised patients.201728277990
uplc-qtof-ms/ms-based phenolic profile and their biosynthetic enzyme activity used to discriminate between cashew apple (anacardium occidentale l.) maturation stages.cashew immature and ripe peduncles (anacardium occidentale l.) from orange- and red-colored clones ccp 76 and brs 189, respectively, were prepared as juice or fibrous fraction and submitted to uplc-ms analyses, while the soluble fraction was also submitted to enzymatic evaluation. cinnamoyl glucoside was present in ripe juice samples from both cashew clones, while monogalloyl diglucoside and digalloyl glucoside were present in immature juice samples from both cashew clones. four compounds were f ...201728285020
identification of compounds with cytotoxic activity from the leaf of the nigerian medicinal plant, anacardium occidentale l. (anacardiaceae).cancer is now the second-leading cause of mortality and morbidity, behind only heart disease, necessitating urgent development of (chemo)therapeutic interventions to stem the growing burden of cancer cases and cancer death. plants represent a credible source of promising drug leads in this regard, with a long history of proven use in the indigenous treatment of cancer. this study therefore investigated anacardium occidentale, one of the plants in a nigerian traditional medicine formulation commo ...201728291684
anacardic acid constituents from cashew nut shell liquid: nmr characterization and the effect of unsaturation on its biological activities.anacardic acids are the main constituents of natural cashew nut shell liquid (cnsl), obtained via the extraction of cashew shells with hexane at room temperature. this raw material presents high technological potential due to its various biological properties. the main components of cnsl are the anacardic acids, salicylic acid derivatives presenting a side chain of fifteen carbon atoms with different degrees of unsaturation (monoene-15:1, diene-15:2, and triene-15:3). each constituent was isolat ...201728300791
evaluation of administered dose using portal images in craniospinal irradiation of pediatric patients.this study aimed to assess the administered dose based on portal imaging in craniospinal pediatric irradiation by evaluating cases in which portal images did or did not account for the total administered dose. we also intended to calculate the mean increase in total administered dose. data were collected from general university hospital gregorio marañón; we evaluated the total dose administered, total dose planned, number of portal images per treatment and corresponding monitor units of two diff ...201728324390
oecophylla longinoda (hymenoptera: formicidae) lead to increased cashew kernel size and kernel quality.weaver ants, oecophylla spp., are known to positively affect cashew, anacardium occidentale l., raw nut yield, but their effects on the kernels have not been reported. we compared nut size and the proportion of marketable kernels between raw nuts collected from trees with and without ants. raw nuts collected from trees with weaver ants were 2.9% larger than nuts from control trees (i.e., without weaver ants), leading to 14% higher proportion of marketable kernels. on trees with ants, the kernel: ...201728334289
alpha-amylase inhibition and antioxidative capacity of some antidiabetic plants used by the traditional healers in southeastern nigeria.oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome including diabetes mellitus (dm). the inhibition of alpha-amylase is an important therapeutic target in the regulation of postprandial increase of blood glucose in diabetic patients. the present study investigated the alpha-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant potential of selected herbal drugs used in the treatment of dm by the traditional healers in isiala mbano and ikwuano regions of southeastern nigeria. antiox ...201728367491
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