Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| laboratory evaluation of mosquito repellents against aedes albopictus, culex nigripalpus, and ochierotatus triseriatus (diptera: culicidae). | four synthetic mosquito repellents (autan [10% kbr3023], ir3535 [7.5%], off! [15% deet], skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (bite blocker [2% soybean oil], bygone, gone!, natrapel [10% citronella], neem aura, sunswat, mosquitosafe [25% geraniol], and repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory against aedes albopictus skuse, culex nigripalpus theobald, and ochlerotatus triseriatus (say). when estim ... | 2004 | 15311467 |
| aquatic mesocosm assessments of a neem (azadirachtin) insecticide at environmentally realistic concentrations--2: zooplankton community responses and recovery. | a neem-based insecticide, neemix 4.5, was applied to forest pond enclosures at environmentally realistic concentrations (i.e., below the worst-case expected environmental concentration of 35 microg l(-1)). crustacean zooplankton communities were examined by multivariate ordination (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) and time-course analyses of population trends among indicator taxa over two field seasons to determine application effects on community structure and recovery patterns. significant ... | 2004 | 15327875 |
| alterations in acetylcholinesterase and electrical activity in the nervous system of cockroach exposed to the neem derivative, azadirachtin. | botanical insecticides are relatively safe and biodegradable, and are readily available sources of bioinsecticides. in recent years, the neem derivative, azadirachtin, has been examined as an alternative to synthetic insecticides because of its broad-spectrum insecticidal action. because many of the natural products and synthetic compounds used in the control of insect pests are known to exhibit electrophysiological effects, in this paper we focused our studies on the alterations in the activity ... | 2004 | 15327876 |
| the effect of two different dental gels and a mouthwash on plaque and gingival scores: a six-week clinical study. | to evaluate the clinical efficacy of two gel formulations containing chlorhexidine gluconate and neem extract with a commercially available chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. | 2004 | 15335093 |
| acute toxic effects of neem-based insecticides on crustaceans. | 2004 | 15362460 | |
| adsorption of pb(ii) from aqueous solution by azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder. | an adsorbent was developed from the mature leaves of the neem (azadirachta indica) tree for removing pb(ii) from water. adsorption was carried out in a batch process with several different concentrations of pb(ii) by varying amount of adsorbent, ph, agitation time and temperature. the uptake of the metal was very fast initially, but gradually slowed down indicating penetration into the interior of the adsorbent particles. both first-order and second-order kinetics were tested and it was found th ... | 2004 | 15363519 |
| evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. | gastrointestinal helminth infections remain a major constraint to livestock production globally. this study evaluated anthelmintic efficacy of 7 plants used as dewormers by farmers and pastoralists in kenya. thus 3 commercial anthelmintics and 7 plant preparations were tested in lambs infected with 5000 or 3000 l3 haemonchus contortus in 4 experiments. in the first experiment, ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole were tested in 46 lambs. seven plant preparations of hagenia abyssinica, olea eur ... | 2004 | 15376783 |
| tetracyclic triterpenoids from the leaves of azadirachta indica. | two new tetracyclic triterpenoids zafaral [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-methoxy-7alpha-acetoxy-1,14-dien-3,16-dione-21-al] (1) and meliacinanhydride [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6alpha-hydroxy,11alpha-methoxy-7alpha,12alpha-diacetoxy,1,14,20(22)-trien-3-one] (2) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of neem leaves along with two known constituents nimocinol and isomeldenin. their structures and the relative configurations were determined by spectros ... | 2004 | 15381008 |
| effects of aqueous extracts of garlic (allium sativum) and neem (azadirachta indica) leaf on hepatic and blood oxidant-antioxidant status during experimental gastric carcinogenesis. | the modifying effects of aqueous extracts of garlic and neem leaf during the pre-initiation and post-initiation phases of gastric carcinogenesis induced by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine were investigated in male wistar rats. the extent of lipid peroxidation and the status of phase ii biotransformation enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase that use reduced glutathione (gsh) as substrate were used to biomonitor the chemopreventive potential of these extracts. ... | 2004 | 15383228 |
| acaricidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical. | the emulsifiable concentrate uda-245 [25% ec (vol:vol)], based on an essential oil extract from chenopodium ambrosioides variety ambrosioides, a north american herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control the adult stage and egg hatch of the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) and the european red mite, panonychus ulmi (koch) (acari: tetranychidae). after a laboratory bioassay with adult twospotted sp ... | 2004 | 15384350 |
| insecticidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical. | the emulsifiable concentrate uda-245 based on an essential oil extract from chenopodium ambrosioides variety near ambrosioides, a north american herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (homoptera: aphididae), western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorium (westwood) (homoptera: aleyrodidae). side e ... | 2004 | 15384351 |
| biochemical effects of vepacide (from azadirachta indica) on wistar rats during subchronic exposure. | we investigated the effect of vepacide (from azadirachta indica), a neem-based pesticide, on acid (acp) and alkaline (akp) phosphatase in different tissues of male and female albino wistar rats. subchronic doses of vepacide in coconut oil (80, 160, and 320 mg/kg; maximum volume of 0.2 ml) were administered orally for 45 or 90 days. the administration of vepacide resulted in a significant increase in acp and akp in serum, kidney, lung, and liver tissue (akp only in liver), whereas a significant d ... | 2004 | 15388273 |
| carbon sequestration in dryland ecosystems. | drylands occupy 6.15 billion hectares (bha) or 47.2% of the world's land area. of this, 3.5 to 4.0 bha (57%-65%) are either desertified or prone to desertification. despite the low soil organic carbon (soc) concentration, total soc pool of soils of the drylands is 241 pg (1 pg = petagram = 10(15)g = 1 billion metric ton) or 15.5% of the world's total of 1550 pg to 1-meter depth. desertification has caused historic c loss of 20 to 30 pg. assuming that two-thirds of the historic loss can be resequ ... | 2004 | 15453406 |
| clinical studies on the effect of neem (azadirachta indica) bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer. | we have shown earlier that neem (azadirachta indica) bark aqueous extract has potent antisecretory and antiulcer effects in animal models and has no significant adverse effect (bandyopadhyay et al., life sciences, 71, 2845-2865, 2002). the objective of the present study was to investigate whether neem bark extract had similar antisecretory and antiulcer effects in human subjects. for this purpose, a group of patients suffering from acid-related problems and gastroduodenal ulcers were orally trea ... | 2004 | 15454339 |
| responses of two ladybeetles to eight fungicides used in florida citrus: implications for biological control. | two ladybeetles, cycloneda sanguinea and harmonia axyridis, were exposed in the laboratory to eight fungicide formulations commonly used in citrus production in florida. both benomyl and the combination of copper and petroleum oil proved toxic to larvae of c. sanguinea that were exposed to concentrations corresponding to recommended field rates, either as leaf residues or in topical spray applications. larvae of c. sanguinea also suffered significant mortality when exposed to neem oil as a leaf ... | 2001 | 15455066 |
| the effect of neem (azadirachta indica) extract and dietary selenium on distribution of selenium in hepatocarcinogenesis induced rat. | neem, azadirachta indica, is a plant from the family meliaceae, known as "pokok semambu" in malay community. it has been extensively used in india as traditional ayurvedic and folklore minedicine for the treatment of various diseases. this study aimed to determine the distribution of selenium in the liver of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis when neem aqueous extract and dietary selenium was supplemented. | 2004 | 15468891 |
| ethanolic leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) inhibits buccal pouch carcinogenesis in hamsters. | we evaluated the chemopreventive effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract in the initiation and post-initiation phases of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei as well as the concentrations of lipid peroxides, ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (gsh/gssg), and the activities of the gsh-dependent enzymes glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) in the buccal pouch, liver and ery ... | 2013 | 15473007 |
| effect of essential oils on the growth of fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin contamination in corn. | essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from local plants in benin, western africa, and oil from seeds of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their efficacy against fusarium verticillioides infection and fumonisin contamination. fumonisin in corn was quantified using a fluorometer and the vicam method. oils from cymbopogon citratus, ocimum basilicum, and ocimum gratissimum were the most effective in vitro, completely inhibiting the growth of f. vertic ... | 2004 | 15506822 |
| larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of melia azedarach and azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito aedes aegypti. | ethanolic extracts from the kernels of ripe fruits from the indian lilac melia azedarach and from the well-known neem tree, azadirachta indica were assayed against larvae of aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue fever. the lethality bioassays were carried out according to the recommendations of the world health organization. extracts were tested at doses ranging from 0.0033 to 0.05 g% in an aqueous medium for 24 and 48 h, at 25 or 30 degrees c, with or without feeding of the larvae. lc50, ... | 2004 | 15530964 |
| effects of azadirachta indica and melia azedarach (meliaceae) extracts from leaves on trypanosoma cruzi growth and ultrastructure. | the chloroformic extracts from dried fresh leaves ofazadirachta indica a. juss. and melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) showed marked inhibitory activity on epimastigotes growth of trypanosoma cruzi, evidenced by 96-wells microtiter plate bioassay and radioactive thymidine incorporation experiment. each chloroformic extract was separated using silica gel and alumina column. in transmission electron microscopy the bioactive chromatographic fractions caused ultrastructural changes in epimastigotes such ... | 2004 | 15554501 |
| mitigating nitrous oxide and methane emissions from soil in rice-wheat system of the indo-gangetic plain with nitrification and urease inhibitors. | mitigation of methane (ch4) and nitrous oxide (n2o) emissions from soil is important to reduce the global warming. efficacy of five nitrification inhibitors, i.e. neem (azadirachta melia) cake, thiosulphate, coated calcium carbide, neem oil coated urea and dicyandiamide (dcd) and one urease inhibitor, hydroquinone, in mitigating n2o and ch4 emissions from fertilized soil was tested in rice-wheat system in the indo-gangetic plains. the closed chamber technique was used for the collection of gas s ... | 2005 | 15571746 |
| ultrastructural changes in cauda epididymidal epithelial cell types of azadirachta indica leaf treated rats. | to assess if cauda epididymis is a target for the effect of a. indica leaves, wistar strain male albino rats were administered (po) a. indica leaves (100 mg/rat/day for 24 days). transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that in the cauda epididymal epithelium the nuclei of principal cells were enlarged and the number of coated micropinocytotic vesicles of the apical cytoplasm decreased. microvilli were missing and mitochondrial cristae and golgi complex were highly disrupted. the cyto ... | 2004 | 15587115 |
| hypoglycaemic effects of some plant extracts are possibly mediated through inhibition in corticosteroid concentration. | to unravel the possible mechanism of glucose lowering activity, effects of ten different plant extracts in the regulation of serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were evaluated in male mice. while the extracts of inula racemosa, boerhaavia diffusa and ocimum sanctum decreased the serum concentration of both cortisol and glucose, aegle marmelos, azadirachta indica and gymnema sylvestre extracts could exhibit hypoglycaemic activity without altering the serum cortisol concentration. it appears ... | 2004 | 15587591 |
| bioefficacy and mode-of-action of some limonoids of salannin group from azadirachta indica a. juss and their role in a multicomponent system against lepidopteran larvae. | biological activities of the salannin type of limonoids isolated from azadirachta indica a. juss were assessed using the gram pod borer helicoverpa armigera (hubner) and the tobacco armyworm spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). inhibition of larval growth was concomitant with reduced feeding by neonate and third instar larvae. all three compounds exhibited strong antifeedant activity in a choice leaf disc bioassay with 2.0, 2.3 and 2.8 microg/cm(2) of 3-o-acetyl salannol, sala ... | 2004 | 15625397 |
| toward development of neem-based repellents against the scottish highland biting midge culicoides impunctatus. | oil of neem, from the tree azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae), was evaluated for repellent and antifeedant activity against culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae), by three complementary methods with serial dilutions. electroantennograms revealed the sensitivity of culicoides nubeculosus (meigen) females to neem > or = 0.10%. culicoides impunctatus goetghebuer females were repelled by > or = 1% in a y-tube olfactometer, using a membrane feeder for wild-caught parous females of c ... | 2004 | 15642014 |
| [preparation of contraceptive pill microcapsule and its anti-fertility effect]. | the main component of this pill is 2-octadecanoic acid-4-palmitic acid-2, 4-pentanediyl ester separated from chloroform extract of neem oil. the microcapsules coated by the re-curdle method were fabricated with an average particle size of 100-180 microm. the morphological characteristics, incorporation efficiency, carrier reclamation efficiency of the microcapsule were investigated. kunming mice were used in the experiment, and the anti-fertility effect of the microcapsule on the histology and a ... | 2004 | 15646346 |
| antifilarial activity of azadirachta indica on cattle filarial parasite setaria cervi. | alcohol and aqueous extracts of flowers of azadirachta indica were tested in vitro for their potential antifilarial activity against whole worm, nerve muscle (n.m.) preparation and microfilariae of setaria cervi. the effects of alcohol and aqueous extracts were similar in nature on the spontaneous movements of whole worm and nerve muscle preparation. on the whole worm, the response was characterized by initial increase in tone, rate and amplitude of contractions followed by reversible paralysis. ... | 2005 | 15664463 |
| neuroprotective effect of azadirachta indica on cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and hypoperfusion in rats. | we assessed the effect of azadirachta indica (a. indica), a plant that has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties, on cerebral reperfusion injury and long term cerebral hypoperfusion. when blood flow to brain region that has undergone critical period of ischemia is re-established, additional injury is to be expected from the reperfusion. in the present study, bilateral common carotid artery (bcca) occlusion for 30 min followed by 45 min reperfusion resu ... | 2005 | 15670613 |
| the isomeric compounds nimbolide and isonimbolide. | nimbolide [systematic name: (4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15beta,17alpha)-7,15:21,23-diepoxy-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-18,24-dinor-11,12-secochola-2,13,20,22-tetraene-4,11-dicarboxylic acid gamma-lactone methyl ester], c27h30o7, was isolated from the leaves of azadirachta indica, and its isomer, isonimbolide [systematic name: (4alpha,5alpha,6alpha,7alpha,15alpha)-7,15:21,23-diepoxy-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-1-oxo-18,24-dinor-11,12-secochola-2,16,20,22-tetraene-4,11-dicarboxylic acid gamma-lactone ... | 2005 | 15699572 |
| isoprene emission from tropical tree species. | foliar emission of isoprene was measured in nine commonly growing tree species of delhi, india. dynamic flow enclosure technique was used and gas samples were collected onto tenax-gc/carboseive cartridges, which were then attached to the sample injection system in the gas chromatograph (gc). eluting compounds were analysed using a flame ionisation detector (fid). out of the nine tree species, isoprene emission was found in six species (eucalyptus sp., ficus benghalensis, ficus religiosa, mangife ... | 2005 | 15701397 |
| operational use of neem oil as an alternative anopheline larvicide. part a: laboratory and field efficacy. | we conducted a study to determine the laboratory and field efficacy of neem oil towards anopheline larvae. no difference in lc50 was observed between laboratory and field strains for temephos, chlorpyriphos-methyl/fenitrothion and neem oil. no difference in susceptibility was found after 3 months of application every 2 weeks. water treated with a single application of traditional larvicides was free of larvae after 4 weeks; neem oil-treated water, however, was free after 2 weeks but not at 4 wee ... | 2003 | 15748061 |
| operational use of neem oil as an alternative anopheline larvicide. part b: environmental impact and toxicological potential. | this study was conducted to investigate the preliminary environmental and mammalian toxicology of neem oil, temephos and chlorpyriphos-methyl/fenitrothion. culex pipiens, daphnia magna and gambusia affinis were used to study environmental impact. a high level of toxicity was observed, with slight differences between organisms. the emulsifiers individually also displayed toxicity towards the tested organisms. up to 90 days daily oral crude neem oil treatment (5 g/kg body weight) of laboratory mic ... | 2003 | 15748062 |
| medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. | azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, has attracted worldwide prominence in recent years, owing to its wide range of medicinal properties. neem has been extensively used in ayurveda, unani and homoeopathic medicine and has become a cynosure of modern medicine. neem elaborates a vast array of biologically active compounds that are chemically diverse and structurally complex. more than 140 compounds have been isolated from different parts of neem. all parts of the neem tree- leaves, flowers, ... | 2005 | 15777222 |
| antioxidant activity of siamese neem tree (vp1209). | leaves, fruits, flowers and stem bark extracts from the siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton, meliaceae) were assessed for antioxidant activity in vitro using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (dpph) scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in chago k1 cancer cell culture by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) method. the results showed that leaf aqueous extract, flower and stem bark ethanol extracts exhibi ... | 2005 | 15848028 |
| epo neem patent revocation revives biopiracy debate. | 2005 | 15877054 | |
| effects of neem and spinosad on ceratothripoides claratris (thysanoptera: thripidae), an important vegetable pest in thailand, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. | toxicity of three biopesticides, i.e., two neem products and spinosad, was determined on foliage-dwelling life stages of ceratothripoides claratris (shumsher) (thysanoptera: thripidae), a major thrips pest on tomatoes, lycopersicon spp., in central thailand. direct and residual contact toxicities of neemazal-ts (1% azadirachtin) and systemic activity of neemazal-md 5 (5% azadirachtin) affected the survival of first larval stage (l1) in a concentration-dependent manner. however, neither second la ... | 2005 | 15889736 |
| hymenopteran parasitoids of diamondback moth (lepidoptera: ypeunomutidae) in northern thailand. | larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.) (lepidoptera: ypeunomutidae), cause severe economic damage to cabbage, brassica oleracea l. variety capitata (brassicaceae) and related vegetables in thailand. overuse of broad-spectrum insecticides for diamondback moth control is a serious problem and has obscured the contributions of indigenous parasitoids. our objectives were to identify indigenous diamondback moth parasitoids in northern thailand and to assess their potential for natur ... | 2005 | 15889737 |
| azadirachtin-impregnated traps for the control of dermanyssus gallinae. | the effect of neem oil (azadirachtin), originating from the tree azadirachta indica, was investigated as a potential compound to control the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae. in vitro tests were performed to determine the most appropriate formulation of neem extracts and concentration of the substance to be used. cardboard traps containing 20% neem oil were placed at the mites' aggregation sites, out of reach of the hens, in a floor system for layers containing approximately 2400 birds. tr ... | 2005 | 15890446 |
| traditional oral health practices among kanuri women of borno state, nigeria. | a structured questionnaire was administered on 495 women (urban 339, rural 156) from two lgas of borno state, nigeria, using the interviewer method. the age range of the subjects was 12 to 80 years with a mean age (+/- sd) of 35.7 +/- 13.44 years. majority (83.5%) did not have any formal education. oral hygiene tools used by the respondents included toothbrush/paste 36 (7.9%), chewing stick 250 (54.9%), charcoal 159 (34.9%) and ordinary water 10 (2.2%). of those using chewing sticks; 168 (67.2%) ... | 2004 | 15900821 |
| improvement of engine emissions with conventional diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends. | in this report combustion and exhaust emissions with neat diesel fuel and diesel-biodiesel blends have been investigated. in the investigation, firstly biodiesel from non-edible neem oil has been made by esterification. biodiesel fuel (bdf) is chemically known as mono-alkyl fatty acid ester. it is renewable in nature and is derived from plant oils including vegetable oils. bdf is non-toxic, biodegradable, recycled resource and essentially free from sulfur and carcinogenic benzene. in the second ... | 2006 | 15905086 |
| citronella as an insect repellent in food packaging. | of five commercial plant extracts (citronella, garlic oil, neem extract, pine oil, and pyrethrum), citronella was found to be effective in deterring the infestation of cartons containing muesli and wheat germ by red flour beetles. the chemical components were applied as part of a coating on the carton board. in an experimental set up that accelerates infestation over a 2 week period, citronella-treated cartons (0.2 g/m2 of carton board) reduced beetle infestation to approximately 50% of the leve ... | 2005 | 15913337 |
| immunostimulatory neem leaf preparation acts as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of poorly immunogenic b16 melanoma surface antigen vaccine. | immunogenecity of the poorly immunogenic b16 melanoma cell surface antigen (b16melsag) was enhanced by combining b16melsag with nlp in c57bl/6 mice, as evidenced by elisa and flow cytometry. nlp was as effective as freund's complete and incomplete adjuvant to generate antibodies recognizing the b16melsag. the nlp generated antibody was a gamma globulin with a subtype of igg1. splenic lymphocytes from b16melsag+nlp treated mice proliferated more rapidly in vitro when stimulated by specific (b16me ... | 2005 | 15914339 |
| extracts of azadirachta indica and melia azedarach seeds inhibit folliculogenesis in albino rats. | the seed oil of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) is used in traditional medicine for its antidiabetic, spermicidal, antifertility, antibacterial, and wound healing properties. the present study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative aspects of follicular development in cyclic female albino rats (135 +/- 10 g; 8 groups with 6 animals in each group) after oral administration of polar (pf) and non-polar (npf) fractions of a. indica seed extract at 3 and 6 mg kg body weight-1 day-1 and meli ... | 2005 | 15933789 |
| azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as a biosorbent for removal of cd(ii) from aqueous medium. | a biosorbent, neem leaf powder (nlp), was prepared from the mature leaves of the azadirachta indica (neem) tree by initial cleaning, drying, grinding, washing to remove pigments and redrying. the powder was characterized with respect to specific surface area (21.45 m2g(-1)), surface topography and surface functional groups and the material was used as an adsorbent in a batch process to remove cd(ii) from aqueous medium under conditions of different concentrations, nlp loadings, ph, agitation tim ... | 2005 | 15961221 |
| morphological alterations in toxigenic aspergillus parasiticus exposed to neem (azadirachta indica) leaf and seed aqueous extracts. | the mode of action of the extracts prepared from neem plant i.e., azadirachta indica on aflatoxin formation in toxigenic aspergillus species is not well understood. aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus was suppressed depending on the concentration of the plant aqueous extract (0, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, and 50% v/v) added to the culture media at the time of spore inoculation. aflatoxin production in fungal mycelia grown for 96 h in culture media containing 50% neem leaf and seed extracts was i ... | 2005 | 15983743 |
| effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the effects of bacterial toxins (bacillus thuringiensis) and botanical insecticides (azadirachta indica and vitex negundo) on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (the rice leaffolder) were evaluated. bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the ldh activity individually and in combination. when they were combined, the effect was more severe at low concentration. there was a decrease in enzyme activity over controls at all concentrations tested. t ... | 2006 | 16033698 |
| studies on the management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. | studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. all the treatments significantly improved ... | 2005 | 16052706 |
| phase i safety study of praneem polyherbal vaginal tablet use among hiv-uninfected women in pune, india. | praneem polyherbal formulations containing purified extracts of azadirachta indica (neem tree) have shown activity against hiv and sexually transmitted disease pathogens in studies in vitro. the product also has contraceptive properties. this has prompted its development as a possible microbicide. we evaluated the safety of praneem polyherbal tablet use among hiv-uninfected women. twenty eligible women were enrolled in a phase i open-label study requiring 14 days of consecutive intravaginal use ... | 2005 | 16084547 |
| phenolic acids in neem (azadirachta indica): a major pre-existing secondary metabolites. | high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) analyses of various parts (fresh and dry bark of stem, mature and tender leaves, flower and different parts of fruit, i.e., raw and ripe fruit epicarp, mesocarp and seed) of neem (azadirachta indica), which occupies an important place in socio-cultural-religious life in indian communities, indicate that neem is rich in pre-existing secondary metabolites (phenolic acids). dry bark showed only tannic acid but in fresh bark three phenolic acids were ob ... | 2005 | 16093234 |
| effect of dianex, a herbal formulation on experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. | dianex, a polyherbal formulation consisting of the aqueous extracts of gymnema sylvestre, eugenia jambolana, momordica charantia azadirachta indica, cassia auriculata, aegle marmelose, withania somnifera and curcuma longa was screened for hypoglycemic activity in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. dianex was administered in different doses of 100-500 mg/kg/day orally in acute (6 h) and long-term (6 weeks) studies. blood glucose levels were checked 2-6 h after treatment in acute stu ... | 2005 | 16106394 |
| modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by ethanolic neem leaf extract during hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. | chemoprevention by medicinal plants is a promising approach for controlling cancer. there is substantial evidence to indicate that chemopreventive agents exert their anticarcinogenic effects by modulation of phase i and phase ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. therefore, we examined the chemopreventive potential of ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch (hbp) carcinogenesis. hamsters were divided into four groups of six animals e ... | 2005 | 16110755 |
| effects of neem limonoids on the malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | the effects of the neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae) were investigated. in exploring advantages of pure neem limonoids, we studied the larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal and antiovipositional activity of neem limonoids. azadirachtin, salannin and deacetylgedunin showed high bioactivity at all doses, while the rest of the neem limonoids were less ... | 2005 | 16112073 |
| optimization of the separation of flavonoids using solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | in this work the separation of eighteen flavonoids was attempted using reduced-flow micellar elektrokinetic chromatography (rf-mekc) electrolytes modified by selected solvents with differing properties: methanol (meoh), acetonitrile (acn) and tetrahydrofuran (thf). structural aspects such as unsaturation of the c ring, number and position of oh groups, methylation and glycosylation as well as solvent effects and their impact on the electrophoretic behavior of flavonoids were addressed. by evalua ... | 2005 | 16143970 |
| effect of neem limonoids on lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of the rice leaffolder, cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (insecta: lepidoptera: pyralidae). | neem is derived from the neem tree azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae), and its primary insecticidal component is the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin and other limonoids. the effect of neem limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity of the rice leaffolder (rlf) cnaphalocrocis medinalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae was investigated. there was a decrease in enzyme activity relative to ... | 2006 | 16154614 |
| antimutagenic effect of neem leaves extract in freshwater fish, channa punctatus evaluated by cytogenetic tests. | neem (azadirachta indica), an indigenous plant commonly grown in india and its sub-continent is a multipurpose plant well known for its insecticidal and biomedical properties, however, its antimutagenic effects in vertebrate organisms are lacking. the present work is therefore, focused on possible antimutagenic potential of ethanolic extract of neem leaves evaluated on the clastogenicity induced by pentachlorophenol (pcp) and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in freshwater fish, channa pun ... | 2006 | 16169061 |
| effect of herbal polyphenols on atherogenic transcriptome. | the ancient indian system of medicine supports the antiatherogenic properties of some herbs. the crosstalk amongst the genes coding for ldlr, lxralpha, ppars (alpha,gamma), cd-36 and c-myc may be important in atherogenesis because these genes control lipid metabolism, cytokine production and cellular activity within the arterial wall. hence, we attempted for the first time to explore whether or not the polyphenols extracted from medicinal herbs had any effect on the transcription of these genes. ... | 2005 | 16180103 |
| changes in sertoli cells of albino rats induced by azadirachta indica a. juss leaves. | azadirachta indica leaf powder, 0.05 mg testosterone, or combined leaf powder + testosterone was administered for 48 days to different groups of 3-month-old albino rats. twenty-four hours after the final dose, the treated animals received mild ether anesthesia and the testes were dissected out and processed for light and electron microscope studies. animals treated with a. indica leaf powder showed damaged tubules and exhibited an abundance of vacuoles, including inter-cellular spaces and intra- ... | 2005 | 16187487 |
| the toxicity and behavioural effects of neem limonoids on cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée), the rice leaffolder. | meliaceae plant products have been shown to exert pesticidal properties against a variety of insect species. in agricultural pest control programs, such products may have the potential to be used successfully as botanical insecticides. the effect of the neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids azadirachtin, salannin, deacetylgedunin, gedunin, 17-hydroxyazadiradione and deacetylnimbin on the biology and mortality of rice leaffolder larvae was investigated. in laboratory experiments, treatment with nee ... | 2006 | 16194558 |
| behavioural responses of diamondback moth plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) to extracts derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica. | the impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, melia azedarach and the neem tree, azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (linnaeus). both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. at higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the untreated sides of cabbage leaves and consuming less of the treated half of cabbage leaves. the botanica ... | 2005 | 16197566 |
| experience-altered oviposition responses to a neem-based product, neemix, by the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | the oviposition responses of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l., to neemix 4.5, a neem-based oviposition repellent/deterrent, with or without previous experience were studied in the laboratory on plain aluminum foil sheets, on aluminum foil sheets coated with cabbage juice, and on cabbage plants. in the plain aluminum foil sheet experiment, the females without prior experience of neemix (inexperienced females) deposited more eggs (66.2%) on sections with untreated sheets than on sectio ... | 2006 | 16217730 |
| ultrastructural changes in leydig cells and cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by azadirachta indica leaves in albino rats. | the effects of azadirachta indica leaves (500 mg/kg body weight, orally/day), testosterone (0.25 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscularly) and a combination of these two were investigated as to whether azadirachta indica leaves affect the morphology of leydig cells and epididymal sperm and their organelles at the ultrastructural level. azadirachta indica treated rats showed atrophic seminiferous tubules with widening intercellular spaces. leydig cells exhibited characteristics of degeneration such ... | 2005 | 16220567 |
| concurrent administration of aqueous azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract with doca-salt prevents the development of hypertension and accompanying electrocardiogram changes in the rat. | the effect of concurrent administration of azadirachta indica leaf extract with doca-salt was investigated in the development of hypertension.over 5-6 week old, inbred male wistar rats with a starting weight of 190 g were given either: (1) twice weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of vehicle (soyabean oil, 0.25 ml per animal) for the first 2 weeks, plus normal drinking water (controls); (2) twice weekly (s.c.) injections (weeks 1 and 2 only) of 15 mg/kg doca dissolved in vehicle, plus drinking ... | 2005 | 16220573 |
| necessity of a two-stage process for the production of azadirachtin-related limonoids in suspension cultures of azadirachta indica. | the effect of major nutrients on growth and azadirachtin-related limonoids (azrl) production in plant cell culture of azadirachta indica (neem) was studied with the objective to increase the yield of azrl, one of the major group of pesticidal compounds found in intact neem trees. we report the novel online monitoring of plant cell respiration activities in a new parallel shake flask measuring device. results obtained using three standard plant cell culture media showed non-growth-associated prod ... | 2003 | 16233477 |
| quinone reductase inducers in azadirachta indica a. juss flowers, and their mechanisms of action. | we have previously shown that the flowers of neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss, family meliaceae), thai variety, strongly induced the activity of glutathione s-transferase (gst) while resulting in a significant reduction in the activities of some cytochrome p(450)-dependent monooxygenases in rat liver, and possess cancer chemopreventive potential against chemically-induced mammary gland and liver carcinogenesis in rats. in the present study, 2 chemicals possessing strong qr inducing activity ... | 2005 | 16235984 |
| nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men: a systematic review. | nonhormonal drugs for contraception in men may have advantages over hormonal methods. the nonhormonal methods can have more rapid onset and less interference with androgen-dependent functions. this systematic review summarizes the clinical studies evaluating nonhormonal drugs administered to men for contraception. relevant clinical results were found for gossypol, which is derived from the cotton plant, and for extracts of tripterygium, a plant used in chinese traditional medicine. randomized, c ... | 2005 | 16250923 |
| evaluation of ash from some tropical plants of nigeria for the control of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. on wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | eleven ash samples, from organs of nine tropical plants, were screened for their abilities to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of a nigerian isolate of sclerotium rolfsii on agar and in the soil. ten ash samples showed some activity against mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ash samples from delonix regia stem wood, mangifera indica leaf and vernonia amygdalina leaf were most effective as each totally inhibited mycelial growth of s. rolfsii in vitro. ocimum gratissimum lea ... | 1998 | 16284852 |
| effect of aqueous leaf extract of azadirachta indica on the reproductive organs in male mice. | effect of oral administration (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight/day, for 28 days) of aqucous leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) on the male reproductive organs of the parkes (p) strain mice was investigated. the treatment had no effect on body weight and the reproductive organs weight. in treated mice, testes showed both normal and affected seminiferous tubules in the same sections; the affected seminiferous tubules showed intraepithelial vacuolation, loosening of germinal epithelium, m ... | 2005 | 16313072 |
| botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. | botanical insecticides have long been touted as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to the environment or to human health. the body of scientific literature documenting bioactivity of plant derivatives to arthropod pests continues to expand, yet only a handful of botanicals are currently used in agriculture in the industrialized world, and there are few prospects for commercial development of new botanical ... | 2006 | 16332203 |
| larvicidal activity of a neem tree extract (neemarin) against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran. | an insecticide containing azadirachtin, a neem tree (azadirachta indica) extract, was tested against mosquito larvae in the islamic republic of iran under laboratory and field conditions. lc50 and lc90 values for neemarin were 0.35 and 1.81 mg/l for anopheles stephensi, the main local malaria vector, and 0.69 and 3.18 mg/l for culex quinquefasciatus. the mortality in the pupal stage was significantly higher than the other stages. in field trials, using recommended dosages of 1 and 2 l/hectare, m ... | 2004 | 16335649 |
| effects of neem leaf volatiles on submerged cultures of aflatoxigenic aspergillus parasiticus. | microbe-free compressed air was passed continuously for a 3-day test period through an enclosed system containing fresh neem leaves; the resultant emitted volatiles were passed over the surface of submerged liquid cultures of a wild-type aflatoxigenic isolate of aspergillus parasiticus. aflatoxin determinations for the fungal culture that received neem-derived volatiles, after a 3-day incubation period, resulted in a 90% overall reduction in aflatoxin production and a 51% reduction in fungal bio ... | 1994 | 16349404 |
| anticancer effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on prostate cancer cell line (pc-3). | prostate cancer (pc) is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of male cancer death. azadirachta indica (neem tree) has been used successfully centuries to reduce tumors by herbalists throughout southeast asia. here the present study indicated that an ethanolic extract of neem has been shown to cause cell death of prostate cancer cells (pc-3) by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in dna fragmentation and a decrease in cell viability. western blot studies indica ... | 2006 | 16378700 |
| neem seed extract containing azadirachtin affects mortality, growth, and immunological function in the whipscorpion mastigoproctus giganteus (lucas) (arachnida, uropygi). | 2005 | 16400548 | |
| a new flavanoid from the flowers of azadirachta indica. | studies on the chemical constituents of the flowers of azadirachta indica have led to the isolation of one new flavanone named as azharone (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3'-(3''-methyl-2'',3''-epoxybutyl)flavan-4-one (3)) along with two known constituents azadirone (1), and isoazadironolide (2). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2d-nmr (cosy-45, noesy, j-resolved, hmqc, hmbc) experiments. | 2006 | 16401554 |
| effect of aqueous extract from neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) on hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and adhesion in composite resin by candida albicans. | azadirachta indica, a meliaceae family tree, has been used in india for many years in the treatment of several diseases in medicine and dentistry. current research analyses the effects of the leaf aqueous extract from azadirachta indica (neem) on the adhesion, cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation, which may affect the colonisation by candida albicans. | 2006 | 16412377 |
| toxicity and igr effect of two new neem products against aedes aegypti (pcsir strain). | crude extract and isolated compounds from neem, azadirachta indica and melia azedarach (meliaceae) are being tested in various countries. the present study deals with the effect of two new compounds and their parent fraction from the fresh winter neem leaves, isolated by siddiqui et. al., 1986. the lc50 of nfd is 0.58 ppm, nimocinolide 0.625 ppm and isonimocinolide 0.47 ppm. abnormal larvae, pupae and intermediates were also found. | 1991 | 16414684 |
| toxicity of crude neem extracts (n-4) and (n-9) against late 2nd instar larvae of musca domestica l. (pcsir strain). | the ld50 of crude neem extract (n-4) and (n-9) was found to be 4.80% and 0.47%, respectively. the range of mortality was found to be increasing (at 95% confidence limit) with increase in concentration of solution. | 1991 | 16414685 |
| determination of toxicity of danitol, methoprene and neem formulation against stored grain pest, sitophilus oryzae l. | toxicity of a synthetic pyrethroid (danitol 10 e.c.), methoprene (j.h.a.) and crude neem extract formulation (rb-b +pbo +tx) in synergestic form was determined in laboratory by contact method against adults of sitophilus oryzae. observations after 24 hours of treatment showed that 50% of the adults died at 0.39 mu/cm(2) of danitol, 6.28 mug/cm(2) of neem formulation and 18.85 mug/cm(2) of methoprene, the three products used in this experiment. danitol was found more effective as compared to neem ... | 1992 | 16414717 |
| fractions of an antimalarial neem-leaf extract have activities superior to chloroquine, and are gametocytocidal. | the antimalarial activities of two fractions (irdn-a and irdn-b) of an extract from the leaves of the neem tree (azadirachta indica) were compared with those of chloroquine, in in-vitro assays against plasmodium falciparum. the asexual stages of a chloroquine-sensitive clone (itg2f6) and a chloroquine-resistant isolate (w2) and the gametocytes of the nf 54 (bd-7) isolate of p. falciparum were used as the drug targets. activity against the asexual stages was generally evaluated as the concentrati ... | 2006 | 16417709 |
| ethanolic neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extract induces apoptosis in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model by modulation of bcl-2, bim, caspase 8 and caspase 3. | induction of apoptosis is one of the most active strategies in cancer chemoprevention and the ability of medicinal plants in this regard has attracted major research interest. the present study was designed to investigate the apoptosis inducing capacity of an ethanolic neem leaf extract (enle) during 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis using the apoptosis-associated proteins bcl-2, bim, caspase 8 and caspase 3 as markers. topical application of dmba ... | 2005 | 16436003 |
| inhibitory effects of azadirachta indica on dmba-induced skin carcinogenesis in balb/c mice. | male balb/c mice were divided into four groups on the basis of their respective treatments wherein mice of group i served as controls. for induction of skin tumors, mice of group ii and iv were injected sub-cutaneously with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba). mice of group iii and iv were administered aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile) thrice a week throughout the experiment. after 14 weeks of the first dmba injection, group ii and iv mice developed tumors. in the tumor-bearing m ... | 2006 | 16444585 |
| comparative efficacy of annona squamosa linn. and pongamia glabra vent. to azadirachta indica a. juss against mosquitoes. | 2005 | 16457387 | |
| prediction of desiccation sensitivity in seeds of woody species: a probabilistic model based on two seed traits and 104 species. | seed desiccation sensitivity limits the ex situ conservation of up to 47 % of plant species, dependent on habitat. whilst desirable, empirically determining desiccation tolerance levels in seeds of all species is unrealistic. a probabilistic model for the rapid identification of woody species at high risk of displaying seed desiccation sensitivity is presented. | 2006 | 16464874 |
| balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. | in wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. with great significant importance of inm (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and re ... | 2005 | 16512219 |
| anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica a. juss against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. | gastrointestinal nematode control has been performed through use of anthelmintics. however, the development of resistant populations has required research into new alternatives. there are popular reports about anti-parasitic activity of azadirachta indica in animals and plants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of a. indica after feeding sheep with the dried leaves. in this experiment, 40 sheep were allotted into four treatment groups. group i received a treatment o ... | 2006 | 16517074 |
| chemomodulatory effects of azadirachta indica on the hepatic status of skin tumor bearing mice. | the liver plays an important role in the modulation of the process of carcinogenesis, as it is the primary site for the biotransformation of xenobiotics including carcinogens as well as anticancer drugs. the present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical alterations occurring in the liver of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) induced skin tumor bearing male balb/c mice and their modulation by aqueous azadirachta indica leaf extract (aaile). it was observed that skin tumor induction ca ... | 2006 | 16521106 |
| screening of traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of mauritius for possible alpha-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro. | in this study, seven exotic/indigenous medicinal plants of mauritius, namely coix lacryma-jobi (poaceae), aegle marmelos (rutaceae), artocarpus heterophyllus (moraceae), vangueria madagascariensis (rubiaceae), azadirachta indica (meliaceae), eriobotrya japonica (rosaceae) and syzigium cumini (myrtaceae) were studied for possible effects on starch breakdown by alpha-amylase in vitro. the results showed that only artocarpus heterophyllus significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited alpha-amylase activity in ... | 2006 | 16521114 |
| behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides. | ingestion of the bacterial toxins bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) sub sp kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and vitex negundo l. (lamiales:verbenaceae) leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (rlf), cnaphalocrocis medinalis (guenée) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf-folding behaviour and biology. in laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of c. medinalis. larvae fed lower doses moulted into progressive instars, b ... | 2006 | 16524618 |
| anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in meru and kilifi districts of kenya. | the methanol and aqueous extracts of 10 plant species (acacia nilotica, azadirachta indica, carissa edulis, fagaropsis angolensis, harrissonia abyssinica, myrica salicifolia, neoboutonia macrocalyx, strychnos heningsii, withania somnifera and zanthoxylum usambarensis) used to treat malaria in meru and kilifi districts, kenya, were tested for brine shrimp lethality and in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 ... | 2006 | 16530996 |
| impact of botanical pesticides derived from melia azedarach and azadirachta indica plants on the emission of volatiles that attract parasitoids of the diamondback moth to cabbage plants. | herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods use chemical information from plants during foraging. aqueous leaf extracts from the syringa tree melia azedarach and commercial formulations from the neem tree azadirachta indica, neemix 4.5, were investigated for their impact on the flight response of two parasitoids, cotesia plutellae and diadromus collaris. cotesia plutellae was attracted only to plutella xylostella-infested cabbage plants in a wind tunnel after an oviposition experience. female c. plut ... | 2006 | 16555134 |
| a new shampoo based on neem (azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro. | because topical compounds based on insecticidal chemicals are the mainstay of head lice treatment, but resistance is increasing, alternatives, such as herbs and oils are being sold to treat head lice. to test a commercial shampoo based on seed extract of azadirachta indica (neem tree) for its in vitro effect, head lice (n=17) were collected from school children in australia and immersed in wash-away louse shampoo (alpha-biocare gmbh, germany). vitality was evaluated for more than 3 h by examinat ... | 2006 | 16568334 |
| interspecific variation in vessel size, growth and drought tolerance of broad-leaved trees in semi-arid regions of kenya. | in semi-arid regions, trees often wither during the dry season. withering is sometimes manifest as die-back, whereby whithering results in shoot death, which progresses downward from the uppermost part of the crown. in this study, we measured the relationships between height growth and diameter at breast height, die-back frequency and severity, vessel size and specific hydraulic conductivity of four evergreen (senna siamea (lamk) h.s. irwin & barneby, jacaranda mimosifolia d. don, azadirachta in ... | 2006 | 16585035 |
| extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaf induces apoptosis in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. | to determine whether aqueous neem leaf extract (nle) could induce degeneration of rat oocytes and, if so, whether apoptosis is involved during nle-induced degeneration of oocytes cultured in vitro. | 2006 | 16616096 |
| enhancement of immune responses to neem leaf extract (azadirachta indica) correlates with antineoplastic activity in balb/c-mice. | an aqueous plant extract from azadirachta indica and its chromatographic fraction f1 (neem extract) exerted immunomodulating and antimetastatic activities in balb/ c-mice. regular subcutaneous administration of neem extract yielded significantly increased spleen weight and significant enhancement of peritoneal macrophage activity in the chemiluminescence assay, and activation marker cd-44 expression. the thymus weight and thymocyte counts did not show significant differences in the control and n ... | 2006 | 16634526 |
| protective effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on dmba-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. | we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ethanolic neem leaf extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in male swiss albino mice. the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei, the extent of hepatic lipid peroxidation and the status of antioxidants-reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. in dmba-treated mice, the increases in micronuclei an ... | 2005 | 16635967 |
| comparison of free radical scavenging activity of siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) leaf extracts prepared by different methods of extraction. | the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves of siamese neem tree (azadirachta indica a. juss var. siamensis valeton) from several extracting and drying methods using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph)-scavenging assay. | 2006 | 16651839 |
| cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects induced by a non terpenoid polar extract of a. indica seeds on 3t6 murine fibroblasts in culture. | neem oil is a natural product obtained from the seeds of the tree azadirachta indica. its composition is very complex and the oil exhibits a number of biological activities. the most studied component is the terpenoid azadirachtin which is used for its insecticidal and putative antimicrobial properties. in this report we investigate the biological activity of partially purified components of the oil obtained from a. indica. we show that the semi-purified fractions have moderate to strong cytotox ... | 2006 | 16652209 |
| prophylactic dose of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf preparation restricting murine tumor growth is nontoxic, hematostimulatory and immunostimulatory. | significant restriction of growth of ehrlich's carcinoma was observed following prophylactic treatment on swiss albino mice with neem leaf preparation (nlp-1 unit) once weekly for four weeks. toxic effects of this particular dose (1 unit), along with 0.5 unit and 2 units of nlp doses, were evaluated on different murine physiological systems. one hundred percent of mice could tolerate 4 injections of 0.5 and 1 unit nlp doses. body weight, different organ-body weight ratios and physical behavior o ... | 2006 | 16684666 |
| fungal endophyte assemblages from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees. | endophytic fungi represent an interesting group of microorganisms associated with the healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. they represent a large reservoir of genetic diversity. fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark segments of ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal tree species, namely terminalia arjuna, crataeva magna, azadirachta indica, holarrhena antidysenterica, terminalia chebula, and butea monosperma (11 individual trees), growing in different regions of southern india ... | 2006 | 16699567 |
| modulatory effects of azadirachta indica on benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in mice. | to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of aqueous azadirachta indica (a indica) leaf extract (aaile) against benzo(a)pyrene [b(a)p]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in balb/c mice. | 2006 | 16718763 |
| in vitro screening of six anthelmintic plant products against larval haemonchus contortus with a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay. | because of the increasing anthelmintic resistance and the impact of conventional anthelmintics on the environment, it is important to look for alternative strategies against gastrointestinal nematodes. phytotherapy could be one of the major options to control these pathologies. extracts or ingredients of six different plant species were tested against exsheathed infective larvae of haemonchus contortus using a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (mtt) reduction assay. pyrantel tartrate was use ... | 2006 | 16725288 |