Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of african horse sickness virus. | in an effort to simplify and expand the utility of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) reverse genetics, different plasmid-based reverse genetics systems were developed. plasmids containing cdnas corresponding to each of the full-length double-stranded rna genome segments of ahsv-4 under control of a t7 rna polymerase promoter were co-transfected in cells expressing t7 rna polymerase, and infectious ahsv-4 was recovered. this reverse genetics system was improved by reducing the required plasmids ... | 2016 | 27657835 |
| structural protein vp2 of african horse sickness virus is not essential for virus replication in vitro. | the reoviridae family consists of nonenveloped multilayered viruses with a double-stranded rna genome consisting of 9 to 12 genome segments. the orbivirus genus of the reoviridae family contains african horse sickness virus (ahsv), bluetongue virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, which cause notifiable diseases and are spread by biting culicoides species. here, we used reverse genetics for ahsv to study the role of outer capsid protein vp2, encoded by genome segment 2 (seg-2). expansio ... | 2017 | 27903804 |
| a dual laser scanning confocal and transmission electron microscopy analysis of the intracellular localization, aggregation and particle formation of african horse sickness virus major core protein vp7. | the bulk of the major core protein vp7 in african horse sickness virus (ahsv) self-assembles into flat, hexagonal crystalline particles in a process appearing unrelated to viral replication. why this unique characteristic of ahsv vp7 is genetically conserved, and whether vp7 aggregation and particle formation have an effect on cellular biology or the viral life cycle, is unknown. here we investigated how different small peptide and enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) insertions into the vp ... | 2017 | 28112080 |
| african horse sickness virus: history, transmission, and current status. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is a lethal arbovirus of equids that is transmitted between hosts primarily by biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae). ahsv affects draft, thoroughbred, and companion horses and donkeys in africa, asia, and europe. in this review, we examine the impact of ahsv critically and discuss entomological studies that have been conducted to improve understanding of its epidemiology and control. the transmission of ahsv remains a major research ... | 2017 | 28141961 |
| analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the african horse sickness virus vp7 trimer by homology modelling. | vp7 is the major core protein of orbiviruses and is essential for virion assembly. african horse sickness virus (ahsv) vp7 self-assembles into highly insoluble crystalline particles - an attribute that may be related to the role of ahsv vp7 in virus assembly but also prevents crystallization. given that this inherent insolubility is unique to ahsv vp7, we use amino acid sequence conservation analysis between ahsv vp7 and other orbiviruses to identify putative key residues that drive ahsv vp7 sel ... | 2017 | 28167267 |
| <i>culicoides</i> species abundance and potential over-wintering of african horse sickness virus in the onderstepoort area, gauteng, south africa. | in south africa, outbreaks of african horse sickness (ahs) occur in summer; no cases are reported in winter, from july to september. the ahs virus (ahsv) is transmitted almost exclusively by culicoides midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae), of which culicoides imicola is considered to be the most important vector. the over-wintering mechanism of ahsv is unknown. in this study, more than 500 000 culicoides midges belonging to at least 26 species were collected in 88 light traps at weekly intervals be ... | 2014 | 28235307 |
| the culicoides sonorensis inhibitor of apoptosis 1 protein protects mammalian cells from apoptosis induced by infection with african horse sickness virus and bluetongue virus. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) and bluetongue virus (btv) are arboviruses of the genus orbivirus that are transmitted to their vertebrate hosts by culicoides biting midges. these orbiviruses exhibit lytic infection (apoptosis) in mammalian cells, but cause persistent infection with no cytopathic effects in culicoides sonorensis cells. although regulation of apoptosis could thus be integral for establishing persistent virus infection in midge cells, nothing is known about the presence and fu ... | 2017 | 28267609 |
| b-cell epitopes of african horse sickness virus serotype 4 recognised by immune horse sera. | identifying antigenic proteins and mapping their epitopes is important for the development of diagnostic reagents and recombinant vaccines. b-cell epitopes of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) have previously been mapped on vp2, vp5, vp7 and ns1, using mouse, rabbit and chicken monoclonal antibodies. a comprehensive study of the humoral immune response of five vaccinated horses to ahsv-4 antigenic peptides was undertaken. a fragmented-genome phage display library expressing a repertoire of ahs ... | 2017 | 28281773 |
| dynamics of african horse sickness virus nucleic acid and antibody in horses following immunization with a commercial polyvalent live attenuated vaccine. | african horse sickness (ahs) is a fatal disease of equids relevant to the global equine industry. detection of ahs virus (ahsv) during outbreaks has become more rapid and efficient with the advent of group specific reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (gs rt-qpcr) assays to detect ahsv nucleic acid. use of gs rt-qpcr together with recently described type specific (ts rt-qpcr) assays cannot only expedite diagnosis of ahs but also facilitate further evaluation of the dynami ... | 2017 | 28341113 |
| evidence of african horse sickness virus infection of equus zebra hartmannae in the south-western khomas region, namibia. | equine mortalities suspected to be due to african horse sickness (ahs) were reported from the arid khomas region, namibia, in 2008. the area was previously considered a localized ahs-free area. hartmann's mountain zebra (equus zebra hartmannae), a potential but unconfirmed reservoir host of african horse sickness virus (ahsv), occurs in the region. between 2009 and 2010 serum, blood and tissue samples from 31 culled e. z. hartmannae were analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactio ... | 2017 | 28406577 |
| application of an embryonated chicken egg model to assess the vector competence of australian culicoides midges for bluetongue viruses. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are vectors of a number of globally important arboviruses that affect livestock, including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus and the recently emerged schmallenberg virus. in this study, a model using embryonated chicken eggs (eces) was utilized to undertake vector competence studies of australian culicoides spp. for 13 laboratory-adapted or wild-type virus strains of btv. a total of 7393 culicoides brevitarsis were reared fro ... | 2017 | 28429824 |
| vaccination with recombinant modified vaccinia ankara (mva) viruses expressing single african horse sickness virus vp2 antigens induced cross-reactive virus neutralising antibodies (vnab) in horses when administered in combination. | african horse sickness is a lethal viral disease of equids transmitted by biting midges of the genus culicoides. the disease is endemic to sub-saharan africa but outbreaks of high mortality and economic impact have occurred in the past in non-endemic regions of africa, asia and southern europe. vaccination is critical for the control of this disease but only live attenuated vaccines are currently available. however, there are bio-safety concerns over the use of this type of vaccines, especially ... | 2017 | 28438410 |
| the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of african horse sickness and equine encephalosis in selected horse and donkey populations in zimbabwe. | sentinel herds and samples submitted by private equine practitioners were used to determine the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) and equine encephalosis virus (eev) in horse and donkey populations in the highveld region of zimbabwe. the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of antibodies against these viruses were determined using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of serum antibodies. in donkeys, the median sero-prev ... | 2017 | 28582979 |
| isolation of tibet orbivirus from culicoides and associated infections in livestock in yunnan, china. | culicoides-borne orbiviruses, such as bluetongue virus (btv) and african horse sickness virus (ahsv), are important pathogens that cause animal epidemic diseases leading to significant loss of domestic animals. this study was conducted to identify culicoides-borne arboviruses and to investigate the associated infections in local livestock in yunnan, china. | 2017 | 28595631 |
| protective efficacy of multivalent replication-abortive vaccine strains in horses against african horse sickness virus challenge. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is an orbivirus, a member of the reoviridae family. nine different serotypes have been described so far. ahsv is vectored by culicoides spp. to equids, causing high mortality, particularly in horses, with considerable economic impacts. for development of a safe attenuated vaccine, we previously established an efficient reverse genetics (rg) system to generate entry competent replication-abortive (ecra) virus strains, for all nine serotypes and demonstrated the ... | 2017 | 28625521 |
| immunogenicity of plant-produced african horse sickness virus-like particles: implications for a novel vaccine. | african horse sickness (ahs) is a debilitating and often fatal viral disease affecting horses in much of africa, caused by the dsrna orbivirus african horse sickness virus (ahsv). vaccination remains the single most effective weapon in combatting ahs, as there is no treatment for the disease apart from good animal husbandry. however, the only commercially available vaccine is a live-attenuated version of the virus (lav). the threat of outbreaks of the disease outside its endemic region and the f ... | 2017 | 28650085 |
| seroprevalence and risk factor analysis for exposure to equine encephalosis virus in israel, palestine and jordan. | equine encephalosis virus (eev) is an orbivirus transmitted by culicoides species. most infected horses show mild clinical signs and mortality is usually very low. eev is closely related and similarly transmitted to other, more pathogenic and economically important, orbiviruses such as african horse sickness virus (ahsv), bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdv), and may serve as an indicator for possible transmission of the latter. israel has been reported to be ... | 2017 | 28713576 |
| phosphoproteomic analysis reveals the importance of kinase regulation during orbivirus infection. | bluetongue virus (btv) causes infections in wild and domesticated ruminants with high morbidity and mortality and is responsible for significant economic losses in both developing and developed countries. btv serves as a model for the study of other members of the orbivirus genus. previously, the importance of casein kinase 2 for btv replication was demonstrated. to identify intracellular signalling pathways and novel host-cell kinases involved during btv infection, the phosphoproteome of btv in ... | 2017 | 28851738 |
| african horse sickness virus (ahsv) with a deletion of 77 amino acids in ns3/ns3a protein is not virulent and a safe promising ahs disabled infectious single animal (disa) vaccine platform. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is a virus species in the genus orbivirus of the family reoviridae. currently, nine serotypes have been defined showing limited cross neutralization. ahsv is transmitted by species of culicoides biting midges and causes african horse sickness (ahs) in equids with a mortality up to 95% in naïve domestic horses. ahs has become a serious threat for countries outside africa, since endemic culicoides species in moderate climates are competent vectors of closely rel ... | 2018 | 29525278 |
| diagnostic diva tests accompanying the disabled infectious single animal (disa) vaccine platform for african horse sickness. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) (orbivirus genus, reoviridae family) causes high mortality in naïve domestic horses with enormous economic and socio-emotional impact. there are nine ahsv serotypes showing limited cross neutralization. ahsv is transmitted by competent species of culicoides biting midges. ahs is a serious threat beyond the african continent as endemic culicoides species in moderate climates transmit the closely related prototype bluetongue virus. there is a desperate need for ... | 2018 | 29759377 |
| safety and immunogenicity of plant-produced african horse sickness virus-like particles in horses. | african horse sickness (ahs) is caused by multiple serotypes of the dsrna ahsv and is a major scourge of domestic equids in africa. while there are well established commercial live attenuated vaccines produced in south africa, risks associated with these have encouraged attempts to develop new and safer recombinant vaccines. previously, we reported on the immunogenicity of a plant-produced ahs serotype 5 virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine, which stimulated high titres of ahs serotype 5-specific n ... | 2018 | 30309390 |
| culicoides species composition and molecular identification of host blood meals at two zoos in the uk. | culicoides biting midges are biological vectors of arboviruses including bluetongue virus (btv), schmallenberg virus (sbv) and african horse sickness virus (ahsv). zoos are home to a wide range of 'at risk' exotic and native species of animals. these animals have a high value both in monetary terms, conservation significance and breeding potential. to understand the risk these viruses pose to zoo animals, it is necessary to characterise the culicoides fauna at zoos and determine which potential ... | 2020 | 32178710 |
| safety and efficacy of inactivated african horse sickness (ahs) vaccine formulated with different adjuvants. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is a virus species in the genus orbivirus of the family reoviridae causing african horse sickness (ahs) in equids with a mortality of about 95% in naïve horses. ahs causes serious losses in developing countries where horses play a central role in draft power and transportation. there are nine ahsv serotypes inducing no or low cross-neutralizing antibodies. ahsv is spread by biting culicoides midges. ahs is endemic in sub-saharan africa, and a serious threat ou ... | 2020 | 32921506 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to plant-produced african horse sickness virus vp7 quasi-crystals. | african horse sickness (ahs) is a devastating viral disease affecting equines and has resulted in many disastrous epizootics. to date, no successful therapeutic treatment exists for ahs, and commercially used live-attenuated vaccines have various undesirable side effects. previous studies have shown that mice inoculated with insoluble african horse sickness virus (ahsv) vp7 crystals are protected from live challenge with a lethal dose of ahsv. this study investigates the humoral and cell-mediate ... | 2021 | 33421520 |