Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ascalin, a new anti-fungal peptide with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase-inhibiting activity from shallot bulbs. | an isolation procedure comprising ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and gel filtration on superdex 75 was used to isolate an anti-fungal peptide from the bulbs of the shallot allium ascalonicum. the peptide demonstrated a molecular weight of 9.5kda, and possessed an n-terminal sequence yqcgqgg somewhat similar to chitinases from other allium species which are however much larger in molecular we ... | 2002 | 12126728 |
| an osmosensing histidine kinase mediates dicarboximide fungicide resistance in botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea). | a two-component histidine protein kinase gene, homologous to os-1 from neurospora crassa, was cloned and sequenced from a single ascospore isolate of botryotinia fuckeliana. a series of nine spontaneous mutants resistant to dicarboximide fungicides was selected from this strain and characterized with respect to fungicide resistance and osmotic sensitivity. genetic crosses of the mutants with an authentic daf1 strain showed that the phenotypes mapped to this locus. single point mutations (seven t ... | 2002 | 12135574 |
| isolation of a novel peroxidase from french bean legumes and first demonstration of antifungal activity of a non-milk peroxidase. | a novel antifungal protein with its n-terminal sequence bearing similarity to the c-terminal sequences of peroxidases was isolated from french bean legumes. the protein, which possessed a molecular weight of 37 kda, was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. the protein exhibited peroxidase activity with a km of 58 microm and a vmax of 3.36 u/nmol. optimal peroxidase activity was found at 22 degrees c and ph 4. it exerted antifungal activity against a variety of fungal species including ... | 2002 | 12137913 |
| isolation of an antifungal thaumatin-like protein from kiwi fruits. | a single-chain 21 kda protein exhibiting antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea and some suppressive effects on mycosphaerella arachidicola and coprinus comatus was isolated from kiwi fruits. the protein, designated kiwi fruit thaumatin-like protein, did not inhibit translation in the cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate system but inhibited hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. it was purified to apparent homogeneity using a procedure involving saline extraction, (nh(4))(2)so(4) precipitation, ion ... | 2002 | 12165295 |
| biological control of stem canker of greenhouse tomatoes caused by botrytis cinereal. | experiments were conducted to study the effect of various chemical and biological agents on stem canker caused by botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. on tomato plants grown in sawdust under near-commercial greenhouse conditions. lesion lengths following treatment with rootshield and strain s33 of rhodosporidium diobovatum newell & hunter, applied as post-inoculation sprays, were significantly smaller than those in inoculated controls. these treatments also increased fruit yield and decreased the number ... | 2002 | 12166682 |
| [effect of a fungal elicitor on levels of sanguinarine and polyphenoloxidase activity in a suspension culture of papaver somniferum l]. | the opium poppy (papaver somniferum l.) is still a source for isolation of codeine and morphine. cell cultures from this plant lose their ability to produce morphinans. their major alkaloid is sanguinarine. the elicitation of the opium poppy cell cultures by fungal preparation lead to a nine-fold increase in the content of sanguinarine. the specific activity of polyphenoloxidase (ppo) was three-times higher in the elicited compared to the nonelicited cells. two isoforms of ppo (mr 63 kda, 41 kda ... | 2002 | 12183905 |
| kinetics and uptake mechanisms for monomethylmercury between freshwater algae and water. | uptake kinetics of monomethylmercury chloride (mehgcl) were measured for two species of green algae (selenastrum capricomutum and cosmarium botrytis), one blue-green algae (schizothrix calcicola), and one diatom (thalassiosira weissflogii), algal species that are commonly found in natural surface waters. species differences were found with the two green algae giving the highest uptake rates, and one of them (cosmarium) showing differences between cultures having widely different cell age (expone ... | 2002 | 12214648 |
| validity of detection of microbial growth in buildings by trained dogs. | microbial growth in buildings may evoke respiratory and other symptoms in the occupants and promote decay of construction materials. the decay in wood is usually caused by dry-rot fungus, leading to the decomposition of cellulose and lignin. there are also some mold fungi and bacteria that can use wood as a nutrient. in this study, two trained dogs were used to detect microbial growth present in buildings. the rot fungi serpula lacrymans, coniophora puteana and antrodia sinuosa were used in the ... | 2002 | 12222611 |
| zinc requirement for stomatal opening in cauliflower. | zn deficiency induced increases in epicuticular wax deposits, lamina thickness, degree of succulence, water saturation deficit, diffusive resistance, and proline accumulation and decreases in carbonic anhydrase activity, water potential, stomatal aperture, and transpiration in the leaves of cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var botrytis cv pusa) plants. restoration of zn supply to the deficient plants increased stomatal aperture, transpiration, and carbonic anhydrase activity significantly withi ... | 1995 | 12228399 |
| microsomal lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase from a brassica oleracea cultivar incorporates erucic acid into the sn-2 position of seed triacylglycerols. | developing seeds from brassica oleracea (l.) var botrytis cv sesam were examined for the ability to biosynthesize and incorporate erucic acid into triacylglycerols (tags). seed embryos at mid-development contained a high concentration of erucic acid in diacylglycerols and tags, and substantial levels were also detected in free fatty acids, acyl-coenzyme a (coa), phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylcholine. homogenates and microsomal fractions from seeds at mid-development produced [14c]eicosenoyl ... | 1995 | 12228602 |
| modification of phospholipid catabolism in microsomal membranes of [gamma]-irradiated cauliflower (brassica oleracea l.). | acceleration of membrane deterioration has been observed recently during storage of [gamma]-irradiated cauliflower (brassica oleracea l., botrytis group). in the present study, the activity of microsome-associated lipolytic enzymes was investigated in cauliflower florets exposed to 0 or 4 kilograys of [gamma] radiation and stored for 8 d at 13[deg]c. radiolabeled breakdown products obtained from the metabolism of (16:0/18:2*)-phosphatidylcholine and (16:0/16:0)-phosphatidyl-[n-methyl-3h]choline ... | 1993 | 12231812 |
| elicitor-induced cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in lignifying wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | the substrate-specific induction of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv fenman) leaf cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad, ec 1.1.1.195) was examined in relation to its role in regulating the composition of defensive lignin induced at wound margins. treatment of wounds with a partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysate or spores of the nonpathogen botrytis cinerea elicited lignification at wound margins and invoked significant increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (ec 4.3.1.5), peroxidase (ec 1.11.1. ... | 1994 | 12232105 |
| immunopurification and immunocharacterization of the glucosinolate biosynthetic enzyme thiohydroximate s-glucosyltransferase. | preparing homogeneous udp-glucose:thiohydroximate s-glucosyltransferase (s-gt), the penultimate biosynthetic enzyme of glucosinolates, by standard chromatographic methods has yielded too little protein for adequate purity evaluation, identity verification, and structural analysis. the low yields were apparently due to low abundance in source tissues, aggravated by enzyme instability. here we describe an immunological method for purification of workable quantities from florets of brassica olerace ... | 1994 | 12232212 |
| mechanisms of resistance to fungicides in field strains of botrytis cinerea. | field strains of botrytis cinerea pers ex fr, the causal agent of grey mould diseases, were collected from french vineyards between 1993 and 2000. several phenotypes have been characterized according to the inhibitory effects of fungicides towards germ-tube elongation and mycelial growth. two types of benzimidazole-resistant strains (ben r1 and ben r2) could be detected; negative cross-resistance to phenylcarbamates (e.g. diethofencarb) was only found in ben r1. benzimidazole resistance was rela ... | 2002 | 12233177 |
| salicylic acid interferes with tobacco mosaic virus replication via a novel salicylhydroxamic acid-sensitive mechanism. | salicylic acid (sa) induces resistance to all plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but the mechanism by which sa engenders resistance to viruses is not known. pretreatment of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-susceptible (nn genotype) tobacco tissue with sa reduced the levels of viral rnas and viral coat protein accumulating after inoculation with tmv. viral rnas were not affected equally, suggesting that sa treatment interferes with tmv replication. salicylhydroxamic acid (sham), a ... | 1997 | 12237364 |
| the microbial oxidation of (-)-beta-pinene by botrytis cinerea. | (-)-beta-pinene, a flavor and fragrance monoterpene is an important constituent of essential oils of many aromatic plants. it was oxidized by a plant-pathogenic fungus, botrytis cinerea to afford four metabolites characterized as (-)-6a-hydroxy-beta-pinene, (-)-4beta,5beta-dihydroxy-beta-pinene, (-)-2beta,3beta-dihydroxypinane, and (-)-4beta-hydroxy-beta-pinene-6-one by detailed spectroscopic studies along with other known metabolites. | 2002 | 12240997 |
| yeast diversity and persistence in botrytis-affected wine fermentations. | culture-dependent and -independent methods were used to examine the yeast diversity present in botrytis-affected ("botrytized") wine fermentations carried out at high ( approximately 30 degrees c) and ambient ( approximately 20 degrees c) temperatures. fermentations at both temperatures possessed similar populations of saccharomyces, hanseniaspora, pichia, metschnikowia, kluyveromyces, and candida species. however, higher populations of non-saccharomyces yeasts persisted in ambient-temperature f ... | 2002 | 12324335 |
| bcmfs1, a novel major facilitator superfamily transporter from botrytis cinerea, provides tolerance towards the natural toxic compounds camptothecin and cercosporin and towards fungicides. | bcmfs1, a novel major facilitator superfamily gene from botrytis cinerea, was cloned, and replacement and overexpression mutants were constructed to study its function. replacement mutants showed increased sensitivity to the natural toxic compounds camptothecin and cercosporin, produced by the plant camptotheca acuminata and the plant pathogenic fungus cercospora kikuchii, respectively. overexpression mutants displayed decreased sensitivity to these compounds and to structurally unrelated fungic ... | 2002 | 12324349 |
| activation of a bean chitinase promoter in transgenic tobacco plants by phytopathogenic fungi. | the temporal and spatial expression of a bean chitinase promoter has been investigated in response to fungal attack. analysis of transgenic tobacco plants containing a chimeric gene composed of a 1.7-kilobase fragment carrying the chitinase 5b gene promoter fused to the coding region of the gus a gene indicated that the chitinase promoter is activated during attack by the fungal pathogens botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotium rolfsii. although induction of [beta]-glucuronidase act ... | 1990 | 12354948 |
| over-expression of a seed specific hevein-like antimicrobial peptide from pharbitis nil enhances resistance to a fungal pathogen in transgenic tobacco plants. | two hevein-like peptides from the seed of pharbitis nil, designated pharbitis nil antimicrobial peptide 1 (pn-amp1) and pn-amp2, had been purified previously. both exhibit potent in vitro antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi. we now report the isolation of two cdna clones, designated pnamp-h1 and pnamp-h2, and the corresponding genomic clones encoding these proteins from mature seeds of p. nil. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence to that of the mature p ... | 2002 | 12369620 |
| a new class of tetraspanins in fungi. | tetraspanins are animal proteins involved in membrane complexes that are involved in cell adhesion, differentiation, and motility. the pls1 gene from rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea encodes a protein (pls1p) structurally related to tetraspanins that is required for pathogenicity. in botrytis cinerea public sequences, we identified an est homologous to pls1. using degenerated oligonucleotides, we amplified sequences homologous to pls1 in fungi colletotrichum lindemuthianum and neurospora cra ... | 2002 | 12372414 |
| cloning of a grapevine botrytis-responsive gene that has homology to the tobacco hypersensitivity-related hsr203j. | a cdna encoding a putative hsr203j-like protein (big8.1) was obtained from total rna isolated from botrytis cinerea-infected grapevine leaves using differential display and race techniques. real time rt-pcr analysis confirmed that the level of mrna corresponding to big8.1 increased in grapevine leaves during the infection progress by b. cinerea. no significant change in mrna level was observed in leaves after uv exposure. this expression pattern suggests that big8.1 could be a hr-specific marker ... | 2002 | 12379797 |
| gluconic acid, its lactones, and so(2) binding phenomena in musts from botrytized grapes. | intramolecular gluconic acid esterification reactions led to the formation of two lactones, gamma- and delta-gluconolactone (glucono-1,4-lactone and glucono-1,5-lactone). the presence of the first has not yet been reported in must or wine. these lactones are in equilibrium with gluconic acid, gamma- and delta-gluconolactone representing, respectively, 5.8 and 4.1% of the acid level. correlations between must so(2) binding power, gluconic acid, and consequently its lactones are shown. the so(2) a ... | 2002 | 12381125 |
| five disulfide bridges stabilize a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from the bark of spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). | a small 45 amino acid residue antifungal polypeptide was isolated from the bark of spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). though the primary structure of this so-called e. europaeus chitin-binding protein or ee-cbp is highly similar to the hevein domain, it distinguishes itself from most previously identified hevein-type antimicrobial peptides (amp) by the presence of two extra cysteine residues that form an extra disulfide bond. due to these five disulfide bonds ee-cbp is a remarkably stable pro ... | 2002 | 12387889 |
| high-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide containing atmospheres inhibit growth of food associated moulds. | the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the growth of three foodborne fungi and high-oxygen modified atmosphere. | 2002 | 12390493 |
| antimicrobial activity of methyl cis-7-oxo deisopropyldehydroabietate on botrytis cinerea and lophodermium seditiosum: ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy. | to study the antifungal activity of methyl cis-7-oxo-deisopropyldehydroabietate (mcod) against phytopathogenic fungi, botrytis cinerea and lophodermium seditiousm. the effect of the compound was studied by transmission electron microscopy (tem) and the composition of sterols on both treated and untreated cultures was determined. | 2002 | 12392521 |
| purification and characterization of two isozymes of polygalacturonase from botrytis cinerea. effect of calcium ions on polygalacturonase activity. | the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea produces a set of polygalacturonases (pgs) which are involved in the enzymatic degradation of pectin during plant tissue infection. two polygalacturonases secreted by b. cinerea in seven-day-old liquid culture were purified to apparent homogeneity by chromatography. pg i was an exopolygalacturonase of molecular weight 65 kda and pi 8.0 and pg ii was an endopolygalacturonase of 52 kda and pi 7.8. enzymatic activity of pg i and pg ii was partially inhibi ... | 2002 | 12398287 |
| molluscicidal and antifungal activity of erigeron speciosus steam distillate. | the steam-distilled fraction of the aerial parts of erigeron speciosus (lindl) dc was tested for activity against strawberry plant pathogenic fungi botrytis cinerea pers ex fr, colletotrichum acutatum simmonds, c fragariae brooks, c gloeosporioides (penz) penz & sacc, and the intermediate host snail planobdella trivolvis that harbors the trematode, bolbophorus confusus, that infests and causes severe infections in pond-raised catfish in the mississippi delta region of the usa. bioautography on s ... | 2002 | 12400444 |
| volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media. | growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. a mixture of five fungi, aspergillus versicolor, fusarium culmorum, penicillium chrysogenum, ulo ... | 2002 | 12400912 |
| ethylene production by botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomatoes. | a laser-based ethylene detector was used for on-line monitoring of ethylene released by the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomato fruit. ethylene data were combined with the results of a cytological analysis of germination of b. cinerea conidia and hyphal growth. we found that aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are competitive inhibitors of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid pathway, did not inhibit the ethylene emission by b. cinerea and that ... | 2002 | 12406723 |
| highly informative nature of inter simple sequence repeat (issr) sequences amplified using tri- and tetra-nucleotide primers from dna of cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). | inter simple sequence repeat (issr) sequences as molecular markers can lead to the detection of polymorphism and also be a new approach to the study of ssr distribution and frequency. in this study, issr amplification with nonanchored primer was performed in closely related cauliflower lines. fourty-four different amplified fragments were sequenced. sequences of pcr products are delimited by the expected motifs and number of repeats, which validates the issr nonanchored primer amplification tech ... | 2002 | 12416621 |
| induction of systemic resistance to botrytis cinerea in tomato by pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2: role of salicylic acid, pyochelin, and pyocyanin. | the rhizobacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2 produces secondary metabolites such as pyochelin (pch), its precursor salicylic acid (sa), and the phenazine compound pyocyanin. both 7nsk2 and mutant kmpch (pch-negative, sa-positive) induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in wild-type but not in transgenic nahg tomato. sa-negative mutants of both strains lost the capacity to induce resistance. on tomato roots, kmpch produced sa and induced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, while this was not ... | 2002 | 12423020 |
| fungal abc transporters and microbial interactions in natural environments. | in natural environments, microorganisms are exposed to a wide variety of antibiotic compounds produced by competing organisms. target organisms have evolved various mechanisms of natural resistance to these metabolites. in this study, the role of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters in interactions between the plant-pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea and antibiotic-producing pseudomonas bacteria was investigated in detail. we discovered that 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, phenazine-1-carboxylic ... | 2002 | 12423022 |
| effect of some compounds on the decay of strawberry fruits caused by botrytis cinerea pers. | field experiments were conducted in the years 1997-2000 to determine the effect of various sprayings strawberry plants on the percentage of infected fruits caused by botrytis cinerea pers. the effect of garlic's extract at concentration 1%, water solution of microcrystalline chitosan (3% polymer content) at concentration 0.2% and iprodione (255 g active form in 1000 cm3 of water) was estimated. the experiment was conducted on cultivar senga-sengana. during the growing season strawberry plants we ... | 2001 | 12425042 |
| ph modulation of zopfiellin antifungal activity to colletotrichum and botrytis. | zopfiellin, a novel cyclooctanoid natural product isolated from zopfiella curvata no. 37-3, was evaluated in a 96-well microtiter assay for fungicidal activity against botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum fragariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and fusarium oxysporum. zopfiellin exhibited ph-dependent activity, with the most mycelial growth inhibition demonstrated at ph 5.0. mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies indicated that zopfiellin un ... | 2002 | 12428951 |
| airborne fungi in the city of porto alegre, rio grande do sul, brazil. | knowledge of anemophilous fungi in a given city or region is important for the ecological diagnosis and specific treatment of allergic manifestations induced by inhaled allergens. in order to diagnose the presence of anemophilous fungi, several qualitative and quantitative techniques are used depending on the study place. this study of fungal air spores was performed with a rotorod sampler(r), an equipment which samples the air through a plastic rod attached to an electric engine that makes it s ... | 2002 | 12436167 |
| detoxification of terpinolene by plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | detoxification of an antifungal monoterpene terpinolene (1) by the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea afforded hydroxlyated metabolites 2,3-dihydro-3beta,6beta-dihydroxy-terpinolene (2) (39%) and 2,3-dihydro-1alpha,3alpha-dihydroxy-terpinolene (3) (20%), respectively. terpinolene showed good levels of antifungal activity while both the metabolites were inactive against another plant pathogenic fungus cladosporium herbarun. | 2002 | 12440725 |
| virus-induced silencing of ftsh gene in nicotiana benthmiana causes a striking bleached leaf phenotype. | a recombinant potato virus x (pvx) vector, ptxs.ftsh, harboring partial sequence of ftsh gene of nicotiana benthamiana was constructed to silence the expression of endogenous ftsh homologous gene in n. benthamiana. inoculation with in vitro runoff transcript of ptxs.ftsh to n. benthamiana plants allowed silencing of ftsh, causing striking bleaching of upper leaves reminiscent of var2 mutant phenotype of arabidopsis thaliana. ftsh-silenced plants exhibited no resistance against tobacco mosaic vir ... | 2002 | 12441644 |
| four new lactones from botrytis cinerea. | four new lactones (1-4) have been isolated from botrytis cinerea. their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectral data, mainly (1)h and (13)c nmr, including two-dimensional analysis (homocosy, hmqc, and hmbc). the phytotoxic activities of these new natural products have been evaluated. compounds 1-3 were inactive, while 4 showed a phytotoxic effect when tested up to 250 ppm. | 2002 | 12444715 |
| presence of a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase in botrytis cinerea. | the presence of a haloperoxidase in the mycelium of botrytis cinerea, extractable with buffer, is demonstrated. a low level of extracellular enzyme activity was also detected. the haloperoxidase from the fungus is a vanadium-dependent glycoprotein, with a ph optimum of about 5.5. native gel electrophoresis indicates that it is a high molecular mass protein. it appears to react with antibodies against haloperoxidase from caldariomyces fumago. enzyme activity is increased 3.5-fold and 15-fold by c ... | 2002 | 12445655 |
| synergism between fungal enzymes and bacterial antibiotics may enhance biocontrol. | the interactions between biocontrol fungi and bacteria may play a key role in the natural process of biocontrol, although the molecular mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. synergism can occur when different agents are applied together, and cell wall degrading enzymes (cwdes) produced by fungi can increase the efficacy of bacteria. pseudomonas spp. produce membrane-disrupting lipodepsipeptides (ldps) syringotoxins (sp) and syringomycins (sr). sr are considered responsible for the antim ... | 2002 | 12448733 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of 1-(alpha-tert-butylcinnamoyl)imidazoles. | several 1-(alpha-tert-butylcinnamoyl)imidazoles were prepared to examine their fungicidal activity. the (z)-4-chlorocinnamoyl derivative was prepared from (anti)-2-tert-butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid by treating with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and a subsequent beta-elimination reaction at an elevated temperature. the (z)-isomer of the 4-chlorocinnamoyl derivative showed good fungicidal activity against erysiphe graminis and botrytis cinerea in pot tests, whereas the corresponding ... | 2002 | 12450142 |
| pananotin, a potent antifungal protein from roots of the traditional chinese medicinal herb panax notoginseng. | the roots of the sanchi ginseng, panax notoginseng, were extracted with an aqueous buffer. the extract was chromatographed on a cm-cellulose column to remove extraneous unadsorbed proteins. the adsorbed fraction was dialyzed and chromatographed on affi-gel blue gel. the adsorbed fraction was again collected, dialyzed and applied on a column of mono s. the second peak was dialyzed and chromatographed on an fplc-gel filtration superdex 75 column. an antifungal protein with an n-terminal sequence s ... | 2002 | 12451495 |
| biodegradation of ochratoxin a by fungi isolated from grapes. | ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin present in several food products for which levels should be reduced. chemical, physical, and biological methods have been proposed for the detoxification of mycotoxins, biological methods being the more promising ones. in this report, filamentous fungi isolated from portuguese grapes were assessed for ochratoxin a degradation capabilities. it was observed that 51 of the 76 tested strains, predominantly aspergillus species, were able to degrade more than 80% of ochrato ... | 2002 | 12452682 |
| spatio-temporal expression of patatin-like lipid acyl hydrolases and accumulation of jasmonates in elicitor-treated tobacco leaves are not affected by endogenous levels of salicylic acid. | we have previously isolated three tobacco genes (ntpat) encoding patatin-like proteins, getting rapidly induced during the hypersensitive response (hr) to tobacco mosaic virus, in advance to jasmonate accumulation. ntpat enzymes are lipid acyl hydrolases that display high phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity and may mobilize fatty acid precursors of oxylipins. here, we performed a detailed study of ntpat gene regulation under various biotic and abiotic stresses. pla2 activity was poorly induced in r ... | 2002 | 12472690 |
| expression regulation of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma asperellum (t. harzianum t-203). | the presence of the endochitinase chit36 from trichoderma harzianum tm was assessed in several antagonistic trichoderma strains belonging to different molecular taxonomic groups. chit37 from t. harzianum cect 2413 was sequenced and found to display 89% homology with chit36 at the amino acid level. northern analysis showed that chit36y from t. asperellum is regulated both by glucose and nitrogen levels. stress conditions, colloidal chitin and n-acetyl-glucosamine are effective inducers of this ge ... | 2002 | 12478390 |
| transformations of testosterone and related steroids by botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea (strain am235) was used to investigate the transformations of testosterone and related steroids. it was found that the position and stereochemistry of the introduced hydroxyl group, as well as the yield of products, depended on the structure of the substrate. botrytis cinerea converts the examined substrates mainly to 7 alpha-hydroxy derivatives. 1-dehydrotestosterone was also significantly hydroxylated at a 14 alpha-position. | 2003 | 12482450 |
| photosynthetic responses of lemna minor exposed to xenobiotics, copper, and their combinations. | the effects on the photosynthetic process of copper and pesticides, used in vineyards, and their combinations, were investigated by measuring different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in lemna minor. cu and flumioxazin had a severe impact on duckweed since a decrease in their photosynthetic capacity was detected after 24h of exposure to 200 and 1 microg.l(-1), respectively. however, fungicides used to control botrytis cinerea (procymidone, pyrimethanil, and fludioxonil) seem to have no marke ... | 2002 | 12485590 |
| improving postharvest resistance in fruits by external application of trans-resveratrol. | as it is well-known, one of the main problems of modern agriculture is the postharvest fruit losses due to pathogen's attack and natural senescence during storage. well established solutions to improve this situation, such as, for example, storage under controlled conditions and the use of synthetic pesticides, are not free of problems due to human health risks and environmental effects caused by chemical pesticides. a new strategy to solve these problems consists of developing methods to improv ... | 2003 | 12502389 |
| tandemly duplicated arabidopsis genes that encode polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins are regulated coordinately by different signal transduction pathways in response to fungal infection. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are plant proteins that counteract fungal polygalacturonases, which are important virulence factors. like many other plant defense proteins, pgips are encoded by gene families, but the roles of individual genes in these families are poorly understood. here, we show that in arabidopsis, two tandemly duplicated pgip genes are upregulated coordinately in response to botrytis cinerea infection, but through separate signal transduction pathways. atpgip2 e ... | 2003 | 12509524 |
| synthesis and fungistatic activity of new groups of 2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi. | twenty-six compounds, derivatives of amides, hydrazines, hydrazides, hydrazones, and semicarbazides, with a 2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl moiety, were synthesized from sulfinyl-bis(2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl). the compositions and chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr, ei-ms, and elemental analysis. antifungal properties of chemicals under in vitro conditions against five phytopathogenic fungi were estimated. in vivo studies against erisiphe graminis were also carried ou ... | 2003 | 12517096 |
| trans-resveratrol and grape disease resistance. a dynamical study by high-resolution laser-based techniques. | two modern laser-based techniques were synchronously applied to study the dynamics of the trans-resveratrol activity in botrytis cinerea-infected grapes. direct analysis of trans-resveratrol in both infected and noninfected grapes (vitis vinifera, aledo variety) was performed by using an analytical technique incorporating laser desorption coupled with laser resonant ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. on the other hand, one of the most sensitive on-line methods for trace gas detecti ... | 2003 | 12529521 |
| isolation of a large thaumatin-like antifungal protein from seeds of the kweilin chestnut castanopsis chinensis. | a protein with an n-terminal sequence showing a much lesser extent of homology than french bean and kiwi fruit thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) to other tlps, and possessing a molecular mass of 30 kda which is considerably higher than those of previously reported tlps, has been purified from the seeds of the chestnut castanopsis chinensis hance. the protein was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose in 10 mm tris-hcl buffer (ph 7.3), and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel in the same buffer, on cm-cellulose in 1 ... | 2003 | 12565869 |
| natural fungicides from ruta graveolens l. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid. | bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of ruta graveolens leaves yielded two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid, and four quinolone alkaloids, including a novel compound, 1-methyl-2-[6'-(3' ',4' '-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone. the (1)h and (13)c nmr assignments of the new compound are reported. antifungal activities of the isolated compounds, together with 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, which are known to oc ... | 2003 | 12568545 |
| large-scale preparation of the phytoalexin elicitor glucohexatose and its application as a green pesticide. | large-scale preparation of the phytoalexin elicitor was achieved through a highly regio- and sterereoselective synthesis using 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-benzoyl-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1), 1,2:5,6-di-o-isopropylidene-alpha-d-glucofuranose (2), and 6-o-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (3) as the synthons. coupling of 1 with 2 gave the 1-->3-linked disaccharide; subsequent selective removal of 5,6-o-isopropylidene to give 5 followed by selective 6-o-glyco ... | 2003 | 12568560 |
| msi-99, a magainin analogue, imparts enhanced disease resistance in transgenic tobacco and banana. | magainin is one of the earliest reported antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. a synthetic substitution analogue of magainin, msi-99, is employed in this study to impart disease resistance in transgenic tobacco ( nicotiana tabacuml.) and banana [( musaspp. cv. rasthali (aab)]. this peptide inhibited the growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporumf.sp. cubenseat 16 micro g/ml. msi-99 has been subcloned into plant expression vectors ... | 2003 | 12569400 |
| the minisatellite msb1, in the fungus botrytis cinerea, probably mutates by slippage. | a minisatellite was identified in the intron of the atp synthase of the filamentous fungus botrytis cinerea, and it was named msb1. this is the second fungal minisatellite described to date. its 37-bp repeat unit is at-rich, and it is found at only one locus in the genome. the introns of 47 isolates of botrytis species were sequenced. the number of tandem repeats varied only from 5 to 11, but there were many repeat variants. the structure of msb1 is peculiar: the variants are in the same physica ... | 1998 | 12572616 |
| allergen detection from 11 fungal species before and after germination. | allergens dispersed by airborne fungal spores play an important but poorly understood role in the underlying cause and exacerbation of asthma. previous studies suggest that spores of alternaria and aspergillus release greater quantities of allergen after germination than before germination. it is unknown whether this is true of other allergenic fungi. | 2003 | 12589346 |
| resveratrol content of palomino fino grapes: influence of vintage and fungal infection. | the objective of this study was to determine the influence of certain factors on the resveratrol content of palomino fino grapes, cultivated in the jerez-xérèz-sherry area, at the moment of harvest. the results show that the resveratrol content is highly influenced by the climatic conditions prior to the period of maturation of the fruit. on the other hand, the gray mold pressure in the vineyard, a fungal infection caused by botrytis cinerea, increased the resveratrol contents at the early stage ... | 2003 | 12590499 |
| antifungal activities of n-arylbenzenesulfonamides against phytopathogens and control efficacy on wheat leaf rust and cabbage club root diseases. | a set of n-arylbenzenesulfonamides with various substituents at the arylamine and benzenesulfonyl positions were prepared, and their antifungal properties were measured in vitro against such plant pathogenic fungi as pythium ultimum, phytophthora capsici, rhizoctonia solani, and botrytis cinerea. compounds 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24 and 27 had antifungal activity over a broad spectrum of the phytopathogenic fungi tested, where 50% of inhibition (ed50) was in the range of 3-15 microg/ ... | 2002 | 12596866 |
| five components of the ethylene-response pathway identified in a screen for weak ethylene-insensitive mutants in arabidopsis. | five ethylene-insensitive loci (wei1-wei5) were identified by using a low-dose screen for "weak" ethylene-insensitive mutants. wei1, wei2, and wei3 seedlings showed hormone insensitivity only in roots, whereas wei4 and wei5 displayed insensitivity in both roots and hypocotyls. the genes corresponding to wei1, wei4, and wei5 were isolated using a positional cloning approach. the wei1 mutant harbored a recessive mutation in tir1, which encodes a component of the scf protein ubiquitin ligase involv ... | 2003 | 12606727 |
| fungicidal property of curcuma longa l. rhizome-derived curcumin against phytopathogenic fungi in a greenhouse. | fungicidal activity of curcuma longa rhizome-derived materials against botrytis cineria, erysiphe graminis, phytophthora infestans, puccinia recondita, pyricularia oryzae, and rhizoctonia solani was tested using a whole plant method in vivo. it was compared with synthetic fungicides and four commercially available compounds derived from c. longa. the response varied with the tested plant pathogen. at 1000 mg/l, the hexane extract of c. longa showed fungicidal activities against e.graminis, p. in ... | 2003 | 12617587 |
| [evaluation of the effects of biological preparations on phytopathogenic fungi didymella applanata and botrytis cinerea]. | fungicidal and fungistatic effects of biological preparations involving bacteria of the genera pseudomonas and bacillus and fungi of the genus chaetomium on phytopathogenic fungi didymella applanata and botrytis cinerea were evalauated. all the biological preparations under study inhibited the growth of colonies of the fungi; however, the degree of the inhibition depended on the nature of each particular microorganism and the concentration of each particular preparation. the preparation containi ... | 2003 | 12625041 |
| interplay of the arabidopsis nonhost resistance gene nho1 with bacterial virulence. | it is poorly understood why a particular plant species is resistant to the vast majority of potential pathogens that infect other plant species, a phenomenon referred to as "nonhost" resistance. here, we show that arabidopsis nho1, encoding a glycerol kinase, is required for resistance to and induced by pseudomonas syringae isolates from bean and tobacco. nho1 is also required for resistance to the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea, indicating that nho1 is not limited to bacterial resistance. str ... | 2003 | 12626746 |
| isolation of vulgin, a new antifungal polypeptide with mitogenic activity from the pinto bean. | an antifungal polypeptide bearing an n-termnial sequence with some homology to chitinases was purified from an extract of pinto beans. the polypeptide, designated vulgin, exerted antifungal activity toward mycosphaerella arachidicola, coprinus cornatus, fusarium oxysporum and botrytis cinerea. vulgin inhibited translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an ic50 of 4.3 microm and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase activity with an ic50 of 58 microm. vulgin stimulated in vitro incorporation o ... | 2003 | 12630696 |
| purification of a plant nucleotide pyrophosphatase as a protein that interferes with nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase assays. | an activity that inhibited both glutamine synthetase (gs) and nitrate reductase (nr) was highly purified from cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) extracts. the final preparation contained an acyl-coa oxidase and a second protein of the plant nucleotide pyrophosphatase family. this preparation hydrolysed nadh, atp and fad to generate amp and was inhibited by fluoride, cu2+, zn2+ and ni2+. the purified fraction had no effect on the activity of nr when reduced methylviologen was used as e ... | 2003 | 12631294 |
| modulators of membrane drug transporters potentiate the activity of the dmi fungicide oxpoconazole against botrytis cinerea. | modulators known to reduce multidrug resistance in tumour cells were tested for their potency to synergize the fungitoxic activity of the fungicide oxpoconazole, a sterol demethylation inhibitor (dmi), against botrytis cinerea pers. chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine compound known as a calmodulin antagonist, appeared the most potent compound. tacrolimus, a macrolide compound with immunosuppressive activity, was also active. the synergism of chlorpromazine negatively correlated with the sensitivity ... | 2003 | 12639046 |
| isolation and properties of floral defensins from ornamental tobacco and petunia. | the flowers of the solanaceous plants ornamental tobacco (nicotiana alata) and petunia (petunia hybrida) produce high levels of defensins during the early stages of development. in contrast to the well-described seed defensins, these floral defensins are produced as precursors with c-terminal prodomains of 27 to 33 amino acids in addition to a typical secretion signal peptide and central defensin domain of 47 or 49 amino acids. defensins isolated from n. alata and petunia flowers lack the c-term ... | 2003 | 12644678 |
| alocasin, an anti-fungal protein from rhizomes of the giant taro alocasia macrorrhiza. | an anti-fungal protein designated alocasin was isolated from the rhizomes of the giant taro alocasia macrorrhiza. the isolation protocol involved ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose, ion exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl (sp)-sepharose, and gel filtration on superdex 75. alocasin, which was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and sp-sepharose, possessed the n-terminal sequence apegev, which exhibited some similarity to that of the miraculin-like anti-fungal protein fr ... | 2003 | 12651101 |
| chemical transformations on botryane skeleton. effect on the cytotoxic activity. | eighteen compounds with a botryane skeleton have been obtained through chemical transformations of various toxins from the fungus botrytis cinerea. during the course of these transformations, the c-10 carbon of the botryane skeleton was found to exhibit an interesting high regioselectivity to oxidizing and reducing agents. in addition, the cytotoxicity of 27 botryane derivatives was determined in vitro against hs578t, mda-mb-231, ht-1080, u87-mg, imr-90, and huvec cell lines. the results of this ... | 2003 | 12662090 |
| c-terminal domain of a hevein-like protein from wasabia japonica has potent antimicrobial activity. | an antimicrobial protein, designated wjamp-1, was purified from leaves of wasabia japonica l. wjamp-1 showed antimicrobial activity against both fungi and bacteria. the deduced amino acid sequence of cdna of wjamp-1 showed 60% and 70% identity with a hevein from hevea brasiliansis and a hevein-like protein from arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. however, matured wjamp-1 lacked the hevein domain and may correspond to the c-terminal domain of hevein. southern blot analysis showed that one or two ... | 2003 | 12668776 |
| valorization of cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) by-products as a source of antioxidant phenolics. | the present study reports the development of two extraction protocols, with potential industrial applicability, to valorize cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) byproducts as a source of antioxidant phenolics. in addition, the nonionic polystyrene resin amberlite xad-2 was used to obtain purified extracts. the extract yield, phenolic content, phenolic yield, and correlation between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic content were studied. the water and ethanol protocols yield a ... | 2003 | 12670153 |
| a homodimeric sporamin-type trypsin inhibitor with antiproliferative, hiv reverse transcriptase-inhibitory and antifungal activities from wampee (clausena lansium) seeds. | a homodimeric trypsin inhibitor with a molecular mass of 54 kda was isolated from the seeds of clausena lansium (lour) skeels with a very simple procedure comprising extraction with an aqueous buffer and ion exchange chromatography on cm-cellulose. it inhibited trypsin with an ic50 of 2.2 nm but was without any inhibitory effect on chymotrypsin and proteinase k. the uptake of mtt by human leukemia hl60 and hepatoma hep g2 cells was inhibited with an ic50 of 100 microm. translation in the cell-fr ... | 2003 | 12675522 |
| purification and characterization of chitinase from streptomyces sp. m-20. | chitinase (ec 3.2.1.14) was isolated from the culture filtrate of streptomyces sp. m-20 and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration. no exochitinase activity was found in the culture filtrate. the molecular mass of the purified chitinase was 20 kda, estimated by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and was confirmed by activity staining with calcofluor white m2r. chitinase was optimally acti ... | 2003 | 12689517 |
| non-conventional methods for the control of post-harvest pear diseases. | pears are highly perishable products, especially during the post-harvest phase, when considerable losses can occur. among the fungal diseases, blue mold caused by penicillium expansum, grey mould caused by botrytis cinerea, mucor rot caused by mucor piriformis are common on pear fruits. other (weak) pathogens like phialophora malorum, alternaria spp., and cladosporium herbarum tend to infect wounds and senescent fruits. a post-harvest fungicide treatment can reduce decay but effectiveness decrea ... | 2003 | 12694440 |
| the sa-dependent defense pathway is active against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco. | the importance of salicylic acid (sa) in plant defense against pathogen attack has been elaborately documented. benzothiadiazole (bth, bion), a chemical analogue of sa, also induces resistance through the sa-dependent pathway. we investigated the role of sa in both basal defense and induced resistance of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) against oidium neolycopersici (a biotrophic pathogen) and botrytis cinerea (a necrotrophic pathogen). a comparison of nahg transg ... | 2002 | 12701417 |
| growth and sporulation of some pathogenic fungi in the presence of grapefruit extract. | development of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis, f. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, botrytis cinerea and b. elliptica in the presence of grapefruit extract (ge) was evaluated. amendment of potato-dextrose agar with 40 micrograms of ge/cm3 inhibited linear growth of tested species at least in 50%. addition of 40 micrograms of ge/cm3 of medium inhibited spore germination of f. oxysporum f.sp. cyclaminis about 34% whereas germ tube growth was suppressed in 87%. in case of botrytis species, b. cinerea ... | 2002 | 12701438 |
| ee-cbp, a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide from bark of the spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). | ee-cbp, a hevein-type antimicrobial peptide was isolated from the bark of the spindle tree (euonymus europaeus l.). this 4992.5 da protein exhibited a very strong antifungal activity against five different fytopathogenic fungi that were tested. concentrations required to inhibit the growth of botrytis cinerea in agar diffusion assays and microtiterplate assays were 5 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml, respectively. comparative tests further indicated that ee-cbp is a more potent antifungal protei ... | 2002 | 12701440 |
| biological control of grey mould (botrytis cinerea) with the antagonist ulocladium atrum. | the competitive saprophytic fungus ulocladium atrum was selected on the basis of its antagonistic potential for the control of grey mould caused by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. field trials were carried out to asses the efficacy of u. atrum as a biocontrol agent against b. cinerea in grapevine. the results demonstrated that under moderate disease pressure u. atrum had the potential to control grey mould, whereas under high disease pressure the efficacy was not sufficient to substi ... | 2002 | 12701443 |
| role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in plant disease resistance. | membrane damage caused by the non-specific fungal toxin fusaric acid was less on pretreated than on control leaves when tobacco leaves were pretreated with anti-senescence plant hormones, such as kinetin, benzyladenine or the anti-ozonant n-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)]ethyl-n'-phenylurea. similarly, the necrosis caused by mercuric chloride was reduced by the above anti-senescence agents. in addition, in in vitro tests, leaves from selected paraquat-tolerant tobacco plants were less sensitive to ... | 2003 | 12701708 |
| cyclopentenone isoprostanes induced by reactive oxygen species trigger defense gene activation and phytoalexin accumulation in plants. | lipid peroxidation may be initiated either by lipoxygenases or by reactive oxygen species (ros). enzymatic oxidation of alpha-linolenate can result in the biosynthesis of cyclic oxylipins of the jasmonate type while free-radical-catalyzed oxidation of alpha-linolenate may yield several classes of cyclic oxylipins termed phytoprostanes in vivo. previously, we have shown that one of these classes, the e1-phytoprostanes (ppe1), occurs ubiquitously in plants. in this work, it is shown that ppe1 are ... | 2003 | 12713542 |
| germination and adhesion of fungal conidia on polycarbonate membranes and on apple fruit exposed to mycoactive acetate esters. | the adhesion and germination of conidia of nine fungal species were assessed on polycarbonate membranes or on the skin of apple fruit in sealed glass bottles injected or not injected with acetate esters. adhesion was determined after dislodging conidia from surfaces using a sonication probe. adhesion and germination of conidia of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, penicillium citrinum, penicillium claviforme, or trichoderma sp. on membranes after 48 h were not increase ... | 2003 | 12718401 |
| identification of a copper chaperone from tomato fruits infected with botrytis cinerea by differential display. | differential display was used to isolate tomato genes responding to fungal infection. here we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene that is down-regulated in tomato fruits infected with the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. the cdna identified encodes a protein that shares sequence similarity to the amino terminal region of cch, a copper chaperone from arabidopsis thaliana, that participates in intracellular copper homeostasis by delivering cu to the secretory pathway. the fact tha ... | 2003 | 12727232 |
| a semi-quantitative rt-pcr method to readily compare expression levels within botrytis cinerea multigenic families in vitro and in planta. | a straightforward and easy-to-apply semi-quantitative rt-pcr method was developed to study multigenic expression in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. this procedure is based on the one-step reverse transcription-amplification of a specific transcript within total rna and product amount determination by densitometric analysis of ethidium bromide fluorescence upon gel electrophoresis. the semi-quantitative analysis is achieved, at a fixed pcr cycle-number, within a range of total rna co ... | 2003 | 12740713 |
| a critical evaluation of the role of alternative oxidase in the performance of strobilurin and related fungicides acting at the qo site of complex iii. | mitochondrial respiration conserves energy by linking nadh oxidation and electron-coupled proton translocation with atp synthesis, through a core pathway involving three large protein complexes. strobilurin fungicides block electron flow through one of these complexes (iii), and disrupt energy supply. despite an essential need for atp throughout fungal disease development, strobilurins are largely preventative; indeed some diseases are not controlled at all, and several pathogens have quickly de ... | 2003 | 12741518 |
| disruption of botrytis cinerea pectin methylesterase gene bcpme1 reduces virulence on several host plants. | the pectinolytic enzyme pectin methylesterase (pme) hydrolyses pectin in methanol and polygalacturonic acid. in the expressed sequence tag library of botrytis cinerea t4, we identified a 1,041 bp bcpme1 cdna potentially encoding a 346-amino acid protein of 37 kda showing 46.8% identity with aspergillus sp. pmes. bcpme1 is a single copy gene and is similarly expressed in glucose and pectin containing media. to evaluate the role of bcpme1 in botrytis cinerea virulence, a mutant in bcpme1 was gener ... | 2003 | 12744465 |
| nonspecific lipid-transfer protein genes expression in grape (vitis sp.) cells in response to fungal elicitor treatments. | nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are small, basic cystein-rich proteins believed to be involved in plant defense mechanisms. three cdnas coding nsltps from grape (vitis vinifera sp.) were cloned by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and pcr. the expression of nsltp genes was investigated in 41b-rootstock grape cell suspension, in response to various defense-related signal molecules. ergosterol (a fungi-specific sterol) and a proteinaceous elicitor purified from ... | 2003 | 12744517 |
| a tomato metacaspase gene is upregulated during programmed cell death in botrytis cinerea-infected leaves. | programmed cell death (pcd) in plant cells is often accompanied by biochemical and morphological hallmarks similar to those of animal apoptosis. however, orthologs of animal caspases, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases that constitute the core component of animal apoptosis, have not yet been identified in plants. recent studies have revealed the presence of a family of genes encoding proteins with distant homology to mammalian caspases, designated metacaspases, in the arabidopsis thaliana ge ... | 2003 | 12783227 |
| the endopolygalacturonase 1 from botrytis cinerea activates grapevine defense reactions unrelated to its enzymatic activity. | a purified glycoprotein from botrytis cinerea (strain t4), identified as endopolygalacturonase 1 (t4bcpg1) by mass spectrometry analysis, has been shown to activate defense reactions in grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. gamay). these reactions include calcium influx, production of active oxygen species, activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases, defense gene transcript accumulation, and phytoalexin production. most of these defense reactions were also activated in grapevine in response to ... | 2003 | 12795381 |
| hplc-dad-ms/ms esi characterization of unusual highly glycosylated acylated flavonoids from cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) agroindustrial byproducts. | in a recent program to investigate the possible use of vegetable handling and commercialization wastes and residues as a source of potentially bioactive extracts, we have studied cauliflower byproducts. a total of twenty-eight compounds were characterized by hplc-dad-ms, of these, twenty-two are produced naturally by the plant. the main compounds found were kaempferol 3-diglucoside-7-glucoside and its combinations with different hydroxycinnamic acids. moreover, some flavonoids with an unusual hi ... | 2003 | 12797762 |
| combinations of pulsed white light and uv-c or mild heat treatment to inactivate conidia of botrytis cinerea and monilia fructigena. | the use of pulses of intense white light to inactivate conidia of the fungi botrytis cinerea and monilia fructigena, responsible for important economical losses during postharvest storage and transport of strawberries and sweet cherries, was investigated in this study. in the first stage, a light treatment applying pulses of 30 micros at a frequency of 15 hz was investigated, resulting in a treatment duration varying from 1 to 250 s. the conidia of both fungi showed similar behaviour to pulsed l ... | 2003 | 12810282 |
| fabin, a novel calcyon-like and glucanase-like protein with mitogenic, antifungal and translation-inhibitory activities from broad beans. | a protein with an n-terminal sequence displaying similarities to n-terminal sequences of human calcyon and barley endo-1,4-glucanase, and to c-terminal sequences of human translation initiation factor 4 gamma and yeast superkiller viralicidic activity, was isolated from the broad bean vicia faba. the protein, termed fabin, has a molecular mass of 34 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. antifungal activity of the protein was observed against several fungal species including rhizoctonia ... | 2003 | 12817478 |
| n-linked glycosylation of native and recombinant cauliflower xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 16a. | the gene encoding a xet (xyloglucan endotransglycosylase) from cauliflower ( brassica oleracea var. botrytis ) florets has been cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis indicated a high degree of similarity to other xet enzymes belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (gh16). in addition to the conserved gh16 catalytic sequence motif eidfe, there exists one potential n-linked glycosylation site, which is also highly conserved in xet enzymes from this family. purification of the corresponding pro ... | 2003 | 12826015 |
| antifungal activity of brassica oleracea var. botrytis fresh aqueous juice. | the antifungal activity of fresh, aqueous brassica oleracea var. botrytis juice against candida albicans and other pathogenic fungi was investigated. the juice was found to be effective both in inhibiting the growth of blastoconidia and reducing the appearance of c. albicans germ tubes. furthermore, the juice inhibited the growth of some pathogenic, filamentous fungi. | 2003 | 12837360 |
| melanin in the extracellular matrix of germlings of botrytis cinerea. | previous work on the composition of the extracellular matrix of germlings of the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea demonstrated the presence of carbohydrate, protein, and simple lipids; which, together, comprised 50-60% of the dry weight. here we show that most of the remaining mass of the extracellular matrix consists of a chemically inert dark pigment with the electron paramagnetic resonance characteristics of a melanin. scanning electron micrographs of the purified pigment, and transmi ... | 2003 | 12842141 |
| ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling affect the npr1-independent expression of defense genes without impacting resistance to pseudomonas syringae and peronospora parasitica in the arabidopsis ssi1 mutant. | salicylic acid (sa), ethylene, and jasmonic acid (ja) are important signaling molecules in plant defense to biotic stress. an intricate signaling network involving sa, ethylene, and ja fine tunes plant defense responses. sa-dependent defense responses in arabidopsis thaliana are mediated through npr1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. we have previously shown that activation of an npr1-independent defense mechanism confers enhanced disease resistance and constitutive expression of the pathog ... | 2003 | 12848424 |
| arabidopsis local resistance to botrytis cinerea involves salicylic acid and camalexin and requires eds4 and pad2, but not sid2, eds5 or pad4. | salicylic acid (sa) is an important regulator of plant defense responses, and a variety of arabidopsis mutants impaired in resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens show defects in sa accumulation, perception, or signal transduction. nevertheless, the role of sa-dependent defense responses against necrotrophic fungi is currently unclear. we determined the susceptibility of a set of previously identified arabidopsis mutants impaired in defense responses to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen ... | 2003 | 12848825 |
| scarabaecin, a novel cysteine-containing antifungal peptide from the rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros. | a novel antifungal peptide, scarabaecin (4080da), was isolated from the coconut rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros. scarabaecin cdna was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) using a primer based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence. the amino acid sequence deduced from scarabaecin cdna showed no significant similarity to those of reported proteins. chemically synthesized scarabaecin indicated antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as pyricularia ... | 2003 | 12859949 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of lipophylic n- and o-acyl derivatives of beta-hydroxy dl-alpha-amino acids. | synthesis of n- and o-acyl derivatives of dl-serine and threo-dl-phenylserine was accomplished by a regioselective acylation of the corresponding amino acid. the residues introduced into amino acid structure contain hydrophobic long chain or aromatic, namely lauroyl, myristoyl and phenylacetyl moieties. the fungicidal activity against six strains of fungi was studied. several compounds were found to be effective against growth of fungi, and o-myristoyl-dl-serine 2 and n-phenylacetyl-threo-dl-phe ... | 2003 | 12872931 |
| mode of action and antifungal properties of two cold-adapted chitinases. | the mode of action of two chitinases from the antarctic arthrobacter sp. strain tad20 on n-acetyl-chitooligomers and chitin polymers has been elucidated. identification of the length of chitin oligomers following enzymatic hydrolysis was verified by using hplc-based analysis. it was observed that the length of the oligomer is important for enzyme action. the enzymes cannot effectively hydrolyze chitin oligomers with a degree of polymerization lower than four. archia is an endochitinase which hyd ... | 2003 | 12884086 |