Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| modified cyclodextrins are chemically defined glucan inducers of defense responses in grapevine cell cultures. | in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), defense responses after microbial infection or treatment with elicitors involve accumulation of phytoalexins, oxidative burst, and the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins. oligosaccharide fractions from fungal or algal cell walls efficiently induce the defense responses, but a detailed analysis of the elicitor-plant cell surface interaction at the molecular level is precluded by the lack of chemically pure oligosaccharide elicitors. a grapevine liquid cel ... | 2006 | 16390179 |
| screening for anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, common-neutral-loss analysis, and selected reaction monitoring. | a systematic method for anthocyanin identification using tandems mass spectrometry (ms/ms) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with photo-diode array detection (pda) was developed. scan for the precursor ions of commonly found anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and peonidin) using lc/ms/ms on a triple quadrupole instrument allows for the specific determination of each category of anthocyanins. further characterization of each anthocyani ... | 2005 | 16395794 |
| changes and subcellular localizations of the enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism during grape berry development. | the phenylpropanoid pathway yields a variety of phenolics that are closely associated with fruit qualities in addition to structural and defense-related functions. however, very little has been reported concerning its metabolism in fruit. this experiment was designed to assess changes of eleven phenolic acids in grape berry (vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon) and explore both the activities and amounts of three key enzymes--phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (c4h) ... | 2006 | 16399002 |
| linkage disequilibrium in cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera l. | we present here the first study of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera l. subsp. vinifera (sativa), an outcrossing highly heterozygous perennial species. our goal was to characterize the amount and pattern of ld at the scale of a few centimorgans (cm) between 38 microsatellite loci located on five linkage groups, in order to assess its origin and potential applications. we used a core collection of 141 cultivars representing the diversity of the cultivated compart ... | 2006 | 16402190 |
| abscisic acid stimulates a calcium-dependent protein kinase in grape berry. | it has been demonstrated that calcium plays a central role in mediating abscisic acid (aba) signaling, but many of the ca2+-binding sensory proteins as the components of the aba-signaling pathway remain to be elucidated. here we identified, characterized, and purified a 58-kd aba-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase from the mesocarp of grape berries (vitis vinifera x vitis labrusca), designated acpk1 (for aba-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase1). aba stimulates acpk1 in a dose-d ... | 2006 | 16407437 |
| molecular characterization of grapevine plants transformed with gflv resistance genes: ii. | a collection of 127 putatively transgenic individuals of vitis vinifera cv. russalka was characterized by pcr and southern hybridization. six different constructs containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) marker gene and sequences of the grapevine fanleaf virus coat protein (gflv cp) gene including non-translatable and truncated forms were transferred via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. detection of transgenic sequences by pcr was positive in all lines. southern blot analysis rev ... | 2006 | 16408176 |
| interactions between yeasts and grapevines: filamentous growth, endopolygalacturonase and phytopathogenicity of colonizing yeasts. | it has been clearly established that phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses exert biotic stresses on plants. much less is known, however, about the interactions between enological species of yeast and their host plants. in a previous study, we described how saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most common enological yeast, can act as a grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) pathogen, causing growth retardation or plant death. in the present in vitro study on 11 strains of yeast belonging to different gene ... | 2006 | 16408245 |
| noninvasive evaluation of the degree of ripeness in grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. bacchus and silvaner) by chlorophyll fluorescence. | the use of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to noninvasively evaluate degrees of ripeness was investigated in berries at various stages of ripening from two white grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l. cv. bacchus and silvaner). berries were characterized by diameter, weight, and density and by concentrations of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugars, as well as fructose/glucose ratios, and also by chlorophyll fluorescence at f(0) and f(m) levels and the fluorescence ratio f(v)/f(m). ... | 2006 | 16417283 |
| commercial dietary ingredients from vitis vinifera l. leaves and grape skins: antioxidant and chemical characterization. | this paper reports an attempt to functionally and chemically characterize commercial ingredients from vitis vinifera l. grape skins, grape pomace, and leaves, which are used in the formulation of dietary antioxidant supplements. the antioxidant capacity of these ingredients was assessed for the first time by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) methodology. ingredients from grape skins and pomace (n = 17) showed orac values from 1.38 to 21.4 mumol trolox equivalents/mg whereas ingredien ... | 2006 | 16417286 |
| colour variation in red grapevines (vitis vinifera l.): genomic organisation, expression of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes and related metabolite profiling of red cyanidin-/blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins in berry skin. | structural genes of the phenyl-propanoid pathway which encode flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'-hydroxylases (f3'h and f3'5'h) have long been invoked to explain the biosynthesis of cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanin pigments in the so-called red cultivars of grapevine. the relative proportion of the two types of anthocyanins is largely under genetic control and determines the colour variation among red/purple/blue berry grape varieties and their corresponding wines. | 2006 | 16433923 |
| comparative studies of the antioxidant effects of cis- and trans-resveratrol. | resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, resv) is a natural phenolic compound that exists as cis and trans isomers [c-resv or (z)-resv and t-resv or (e)-resv, respectively]. t-resv is a natural component of vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae), abundant in the skin of grapes (but not in the flesh) and in the leaf epidermis, and present in wines, especially red wines. in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments t-resv exhibits a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anticarcino ... | 2006 | 16457641 |
| a novel bacteroidetes symbiont is localized in scaphoideus titanus, the insect vector of flavescence dorée in vitis vinifera. | flavescence dorée (fd) is a grapevine disease that afflicts several wine production areas in europe, from portugal to serbia. fd is caused by a bacterium, "candidatus phytoplasma vitis," which is spread throughout the vineyards by a leafhopper, scaphoideus titanus (cicadellidae). after collection of s. titanus specimens from fd-contaminated vineyards in three different areas in the piedmont region of italy, we performed a survey to characterize the bacterial microflora associated with this insec ... | 2006 | 16461701 |
| the molecular basis for wine grape quality--a volatile subject. | volatile organic compounds are important flavor components of finished wines. in addition to winemaking practices, which shape wine quality, cultivation of the grape berries in the vineyard each season affects the production of volatile organic compounds as well as other chemical components that ultimately contribute to our perception of flavor in finished wines. by studying how berry flavor components are determined by the interplay of vine genotypes, the environment, and cultivation practices ... | 2006 | 16469915 |
| evaluation of transgenic 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera) containing magainin genes for resistance to crown gall and powdery mildew. | magainins, short peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro, were assayed for their ability to confer resistance to pathogens in transgenic grapevines. embryogenic cell suspensions of 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera l.) were co-transformed by microprojectile bombardment with a plasmid carrying the npt-ii gene and a second plasmid harboring either a natural magainin-2 (mag2) or a synthetic derivative (msi99) gene. magainin genes and the marker gene were driven by arabidopsis ubiqui ... | 2006 | 16475011 |
| survival of inoculated saccharomyces cerevisiae strain on wine grapes during two vintages. | to investigate the influence of a specific ecological niche, the wine grape, on the survival and development of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 2006 | 16478512 |
| biolistic transformation of grapevine using minimal gene cassette technology. | the use of minimal gene cassettes (mcs), which are linear dna fragments (promoter+open reading frame+terminator) lacking the vector backbone sequence, was compared to the traditional use of whole circular plasmids (cps) for transformation of grapevine. embryogenic cell suspensions of 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera l.) were transformed via particle co-bombardment using two nonlinked genes in either mcs or cps. one construct contained the npt-ii selectable marker and the second construct contained t ... | 2006 | 16528564 |
| expression analysis of defence-related genes in grapevine leaves after inoculation with a host and a non-host pathogen. | the expression of pr protein encoding genes and genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism was analysed on grapevine leaves of susceptible and resistant cvs. in response to inoculation with the host-pathogen plasmopara viticola and the non-host pathogen pseudoperonospora cubensis, the downy mildew pathogen of cucumber. these experiments were conducted to elucidate whether or not grapevine plants susceptible to downy mildew exhibit an identical defence response after inoculation with the no ... | 2006 | 16531058 |
| stress- and development-induced expression of spliced and unspliced transcripts from two highly similar dehydrin 1 genes in v. riparia and v. vinifera. | dehydrins are proteins that accumulate in vegetative tissues subjected to various dehydrating stress conditions such as cold, drought, and salinity and in seeds at later stages of embryogenesis. here, we report on two highly identical dehydrin genes, dhn1a and dhn1b, in wild and cultivated grapes, vitis riparia and vitis vinifera, and their expression in different tissues and under different environmental conditions. the two genes and their transcripts can easily be distinguished by rt-pcr becau ... | 2006 | 16552595 |
| lactic acid bacteria associated with wine grapes from several australian vineyards. | the detection and isolation of lactic acid bacteria by enrichment methods from wine grapes cultivated in vineyards located in new south wales, australia. | 2006 | 16553726 |
| organ-specific transcription of putative flavonol synthase genes of grapevine and effects of plant hormones and shading on flavonol biosynthesis in grape berry skins. | in order to investigate the control mechanism of flavonol biosynthesis of grapevine, we obtained five genomic sequences (fls1 to fls5) of putative flavonol synthase genes from vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon. the mrna of five flss accumulated in flower buds and flowers, while the mrna of fls2, fls4, and fls5 accumulated in small berry skins and then decreased toward veraison. at the ripening stage, the mrna of only fls4 and fls5 accumulated again. this change in mrna accumulation did not c ... | 2006 | 16556978 |
| quality assessment of commercial dietary antioxidant products from vitis vinifera l. grape seeds. | phenolic preparations from vitis vinifera l. grape seeds are products commonly used in the formulation of dietary antioxidant supplements. in this article, we used a methodology (the oxygen radical absorbance capacity, orac) to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of commercial dietary grape seed products and studied the relationship of the antioxidant capacity with the phenolic composition of these products. the orac value of the different brands of commercial products studied (n = 16) va ... | 2005 | 16573385 |
| botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov. on grapevines: a new species with a dothiorella anamorph. | botryosphaeria viticola sp. nov., isolated from pruned canes of vitis vinifera in ne spain, is described and illustrated. phylogenetic analysis based on its and ef1-alpha sequences and morphological characters of both anamorph and teleomorph confirmed this taxon to be included within the group of botryosphaeria species with dothiorella anamorphs. it is related most closely to b. sarmentorum and b. iberica from which it differs in morphological characters of the teleomorph and dna sequences. | 2005 | 16596961 |
| phylogenetic analyses of vitis (vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids. | the vitaceae (grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several alternative placements of this family, including sister to caryophyllales, asterids, saxifragales, dilleniaceae or to rest of rosids, though support for these different results has been weak. there has been a recent interest in using complete chloroplast genome sequences for resolving phylog ... | 2006 | 16603088 |
| consequences of transferring three sorghum genes for secondary metabolite (cyanogenic glucoside) biosynthesis to grapevine hairy roots. | a multigenic trait (biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite, dhurrin cyanogenic glucoside) was engineered de novo in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). this follows a recent report of transfer of the same trait to arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) using three genetic sequences from sorghum (sorghum bicolor): two cytochrome p450-encoding cdnas (cyp79a1 and cyp71e1) and a udpg-glucosyltransferase-encoding cdna (sbhmngt). here we describe the two-step process involving whole plant transformation foll ... | 2006 | 16604459 |
| [significant improved anthocyanins biosynthesis in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera by process intensification]. | the low-production is a ubiquitous problem and has prevented the commercialization of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture. in order to examine the effective approaches to improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture, the investigation of anthocyanins accumulation in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera, as a model system, had been initiated in our laboratory. in this present research, various elicitors and the precursor of phenylalanine were used in com ... | 2006 | 16607960 |
| nuclear dna content of vitis vinifera cultivars and ploidy level analyses of somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. | flow cytometry was employed to determine the ploidy level of vitis vinifera l. somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. only one among the 41 analysed plants (2.4%) presented somaclonal variation (tetraploidy); the other plants were diploid. no significant differences (p<or=0.05) were detected between diploid and parental field plants. no haploid or aneuploid plants were observed. the nuclear dna content of nine v. vinifera cultivars was also estimated using flow cytometry. a ... | 2006 | 16614867 |
| rapid tool for distinction of wines based on the global volatile signature. | this work describes a novel methodology for the rapid distinction of wines by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by principal component analysis of the data (hs-spme-gc-ms-pca). headspace spme is used to extract and concentrate the volatile and semi-volatile fractions. a db-ffap fused silica gc capillary column of 30 m at 220 degrees c was used acting as a transfer line of the components sorbed by the carbowax-divinylbenzene coating fi ... | 2006 | 16620852 |
| characterization of a new, nonpathogenic mutant of botrytis cinerea with impaired plant colonization capacity. | botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that attacks more than 200 plant species. here, the nonpathogenic mutant a336, obtained via insertional mutagenesis, was characterized. mutant a336 was nonpathogenic on leaves and fruits, on intact and wounded tissue, while still able to penetrate the host plant. it grew normally in vitro on rich media but its conidiation pattern was altered. the mutant did not produce oxalic acid and exhibited a modified regulation of the production of some secreted p ... | 2006 | 16626475 |
| yeasts isolated from three varieties of grapes cultivated in different locations of the dolenjska vine-growing region, slovenia. | the number and diversity of yeasts on grape berry surfaces are influenced by several factors, such as grape variety, degree of grape maturity at harvest, climatological conditions, geographic location, physical damage of grapes, the intensity of pest management etc. cvicek is a typical slovene wine, which has obtained a special protection under the slovene wine law for its geographical origin. this blended red wine is produced from different grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.), mostly from red g ... | 2006 | 16626833 |
| isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria with potential for biological control of weeds in vineyards. | deleterious rhizosphere inhabiting bacteria (drb) have potential to suppress plant growth. this project focuses on the isolation of drb with potential for development as commercial products for weed control. | 2006 | 16629995 |
| metabolic changes of malvasia grapes for wine production during postharvest drying. | malvasia (vitis vinifera l.) grapes were harvested at 17.8% of soluble solids content (ssc) and placed inside an innovative dehydration room where temperature, relative humidity, and air flow were maintained, respectively, at 15 degrees c, 40%, and 1-1.5 m s(-1). weight loss of bunches reached approximately 33% in 29 days. ssc increased inversely proportionally with the weight decrease, reaching at the end of experiment 23%. abscisic acid (aba) increased rapidly from around 29 to 80 microg g(-1) ... | 2006 | 16637693 |
| carbohydrate metabolism of vitis vinifera: hemicellulose. | 1938 | 16653495 | |
| starch and sugars of vitis vinifera. | 1945 | 16653997 | |
| relationship of growth and development to changes in sugars, auxins, and gibberellins in fruit of seeded and seedless varieties of vitis vinifera. | 1960 | 16655336 | |
| influence of environment on metabolism of organic acids and carbohydrates in vitis vinifera. i. temperature. | 1964 | 16656026 | |
| relation of seededness and ringing to gibberellin-like activity in berries of vitis vinifera. | 1965 | 16656155 | |
| sugars and organic acids of vitis vinifera. | glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose were identified in the leaves, bark, roots, and berries of vitis vinifera l. var. thompson seedless. in addition to these sugars, verbascose and manninotriose were found in the leaves and bark.malic, tartaric, citric, isocitric, ascorbic, cis-aconitic, oxalic, glycolic, glyoxylic, succinic, lactic, glutaric, fumaric, pyrrolidone carboxylic, alpha-ketoglutaric, pyruvic, oxaloacetic, galacturonic, glucuronic, shiki ... | 1966 | 16656357 |
| effect of root temperature on cytokinin activity in root exudate of vitis vinifera l. | root exudates of plants of vitis vinifera l. cv. thompson seedless, grown in nutrient cultures with root temperatures maintained at either 20 degrees or 30 degrees and with shoots at a common air temperature, were assayed for cytokinin activity. after chromatography of freeze-dried sap on paper with n-butanol/acetic acid/water (4:1:1). activity was detected with a soybean callus assay. for both root temperatures, major activity appeared between r(f) 0.6 and r(f) 0.8, at about the same concentrat ... | 1967 | 16656625 |
| gibberellin-like activity in berries of seeded and seedless tokay grapes. | gibberellin-like activity in berries of both ;tokay' (seeded) and ;seedless tokay' grapes (vitis vinifera l.) at different stages of development was determined. activity in both seeded and seedless berries was mainly in the acidic ethyl acetate fraction. in seeded berries there was very high activity beginning at the early fruit-set stage and persisting for about 3 weeks after which the activity fell to low level and vanished by the middle of july. on august 1 there was another activity peak. th ... | 1968 | 16656767 |
| influence of benzyladenine, leaf darkening, and ringing on movement of c-labeled assimilates into expanded leaves of vitis vinifera l. | leaves of vitis vinifera l., nearly fully expanded, imported only trace amounts of (14)c following assimilation of (14)co(2) by a lower leaf on the same shoot, but benzyladenine (ba) application at 4.4 x 10(-3)m caused a marked increase in the movement of (14)c into these leaves. older leaves near the shoot base were less responsive; ba treatment alone had little effect on import of labeled assimilates from adjacent leaves but when the ba-treated leaves were darkened there was an increased impor ... | 1969 | 16657198 |
| effects of ethylene and 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid on the ripening of grapes. | the effects of ethylene gas, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, and the auxin, benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid, on the ripening of grapes (vitis vinifera l.) was investigated. ethylene hastened the start of ripening of doradillo grapes when it was aplied for 10 days starting midway through the slow growth phase. 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to shiraz grapes showed the same effect, but when it was applied earlier, during the second half of the first rapid growth phase or at the start of the slo ... | 1970 | 16657356 |
| modification of pattern of photosynthate movement within and between shoots of vitis vinifera l. | during the prebloom and bloom stages, no movement of labeled photosynthates occurred from a shoot of vitis vinifera l. fed with (14)co(2), to an adjacent shoot on the same spur. movement of labeled assimilates into the unfed shoot was induced when this shoot was sprayed with 2.89 x 10(-3)m gibberellic acid during the prebloom stage. during the bloom stage darkening or defoliation of the unfed shoot resulted in the import of labeled photosynthates from the adjacent fed shoot. similarly, movement ... | 1970 | 16657499 |
| benzyladenine-induced movement of c-labeled photosynthate into roots of vitis vinifera. | roots of vitis vinifera l., were treated with benzyladenine when the plant shoots were 38 cm long. seventy-two hours after benzyladenine treatment, apical or basal leaves on separate shoots were exposed to (14)co(2). control shoots received (14)co(2) but no benzyladenine. application of benzyladenine directed (14)c-photosynthate to roots, but a small amount of radioactivity was detected in the shoot tip when (14)co(2) was administered to an apical leaf. distribution of radioactivity among the su ... | 1973 | 16658327 |
| the hormone content of ripening grape berries and the effects of growth substance treatments. | berries on field-grown vitis vinifera cv. doradillo were treated at different times during stage ii with benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, and measurements were made of their growth and hormone content. the concentration of ethylene was low during stage ii and declined as berries ripened. both 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid and benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid caused increases in ethylene concentration, yet they had varying effects on ripening: the former applied at the ... | 1973 | 16658384 |
| rapid estimates of relative water content. | relative water content may be accurately estimated using the ratio of tissue fresh weight to tissue turgid weight, termed here relative tissue weight. that relative water content and relative tissue weight are linearly related is demonstrated algebraically. the mean value of r(2) for grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz) leaf tissue over eight separate sampling occasions was 0.993. similarly high values were obtained for maize (zea mays cv. cornell m-3) (0.998) and apple (malus sylvestris cv. ... | 1974 | 16658686 |
| the influence of temperature on malic acid metabolism in grape berries: i. enzyme responses. | phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxylase activity in immature ;carignane' grape berries (vitis vinifera l.) had a temperature optimum of about 38 c, whereas malic enzyme activity rose with increasing temperature between 10 and 46 c. in vitro temperature inactivation rates for the pep carboxylase were markedly greater than for the malic enzyme activity. from the simultaneous action of malic acid-producing enzymes (pep carboxylase and malic dehydrogenase) and malic acid-degradating enzyme (malic enzy ... | 1975 | 16659305 |
| changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose, nitrate, and abscisic acid. | sucrose (0.04 to 0.12 m) induces accumulation of both total phenolics and anthocyanin in leaf discs of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) incubated in intermittent light. abscisic acid (20 mum) and 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (60 mum) act synergistically with the sucrose to enhance its induction of both total phenolics and anthocyanin. the magnitude of this interaction depends on leaf age. nitrate (30 mm) inhibits sucrose induction of phenolics and anthocyanin. levels of total phenolics and anthocy ... | 1976 | 16659699 |
| factors affecting the extraction of intact ribonucleic acid from plant tissues containing interfering phenolic compounds. | using conventional methods it is impossible to extract rna as uncomplexed intact molecules from the leaves of grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) and from a number of woody perennial species that contain high levels of reactive phenolic compounds. a procedure involving the use of high concentrations of the chaotropic agent sodium perchlorate prevents the binding of phenolic compounds to rna during extraction. analyses of the phenolics present in plant tissues used in these experiments indicate that t ... | 1977 | 16660134 |
| control of flowering in the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.): formation of inflorescences in vitro by isolated tendrils. | tendrils produced from shoot tips of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultured in vitro on nitsch's medium developed into inflorescences when 5 to 10 mum benzyladenine (ba) or 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9h-purine (pba) were applied directly to the tendril tips. inflorescences did not form on tendrils if the cytokinins were supplied in the agar. tendrils cultured in agitated liquid medium containing ba, pba, or zeatin riboside showed profuse branching and tendrils were transformed into ... | 1978 | 16660225 |
| enzymes of krebs-henseleit cycle in vitis vinifera l: i. ornithine carbamoyltransferase: isolation and some properties. | ornithine carbamoyltransferase (oct) activity was detected in extracts from mature leaves, fruit, germinating seeds, and seedlings of vitis vinifera l. michaelis-menten constants for oct were 3.5 millimolar for carbamyl phosphate and 5.5 millimolar for l-ornithine. concentrations of l-ornithine greater than 10 millimolar slightly inhibited the enzyme, whereas carbamyl phosphate at concentrations greater than the optimal (about 10 millimolar) did not affect oct activity. l-citrulline formation wa ... | 1978 | 16660512 |
| enzymes of krebs-henseleit cycle in vitis vinifera l: ii. arginosuccinate synthetase and lyase. | arginosuccinate (asa) synthetase and lyase activities were detected in extracts from vitis vinifera l. cv. chenin blanc mature leaves and seedlings. optimum reaction conditions for asa synthetase were 10 millimolar l-citrulline, 7.5 millimolar l-aspartate, 3 to 4 millimolar atp, 12 millimolar mg(2+) (ph 7.5 to 8.0), enzyme extract up to equivalent of about 200 milligrams of fresh tissue, and incubation temperature of 38 to 40 c. optimum reaction conditions for asa lyase were 4 millimolar asa-k s ... | 1978 | 16660513 |
| enzymes of krebs-henseleit cycle in vitis vinifera l: iii. in vivo and in vitro studies of arginase. | the presence of arginase (ec 3.5.3.7) in various tissues from vitis vinifera l. cultivars was demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro enzyme assays. initial velocities determined by the two methods were in close agreement. optimum conditions for maximum enzyme activity were 25 to 30 millimolar l-arginine, about 1 millimolar mn(2+) (ph 9.4 to 9.8), and incubation temperature of 37 to 38 c. l-arginine hydrolysis was linear with increasing sliced fresh tissue up to 500 milligrams for in vivo assa ... | 1978 | 16660514 |
| determination of c distribution in photosynthetic serine and phosphoglycerate from grape leaves. | serine and phosphoglyceric acid are the classical marker intermediates of photorespiration and reductive carbon assimilation in c(3) plants. the present paper introduces a new and fast method for the determination of (14)c distribution in these compounds by selective elimination of c-3 (naio(4)) or c-1 (ninhydrin/ceric sulfate). reproducibility of the procedure was found to be better than +/-1% upon degradation of [u-(14)c]serine and [u-(14)c]glycerate standards.determination of labeling pattern ... | 1983 | 16663262 |
| pathway of photosynthetic malate formation in vitis vinifera, a c(3) plant. | the time course of intramolecular isotope distribution in phosphoglyceric acid and serine was determined after exposure of grape leaf discs (vitis vinifera l.) to (14)co(2) (1000 microliters per liter) for variable metabolic periods, and the labeling patterns were compared with the respective isotope distribution in the c(1-3) fragment of malic acid. the results clearly support the classical concept of a close precursor-product relationship between photosynthetic phosphoglycerate and malic acid. ... | 1983 | 16663263 |
| endogenous gibberellin-like substances in somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera x vitis rupestris) in relation to embryogenesis and the chilling requirement for subsequent development of mature embryos. | endogenous gibberellin (ga)-like substances were examined in suspension cultures of somatic embryos of a hybrid grape (vitis vinifera x vitis rupestris) during embryogenesis, and in mature embryos chilled at 4 degrees c, and subsequently incubated at 26 degrees c with and without abscisic acid (aba). the extract was separated into a nonpolar fraction (would contain ga-precursors); a fraction that would contain free gas; and a highly h(2)o-soluble fraction (would contain ga glucosyl conjugates an ... | 1983 | 16663304 |
| changes in the activity of catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) in relation to the dormancy of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) buds. | catalase activity in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) buds cv. ;perlette.' increased to a maximum in october and thereafter decreased within 3 months to less than half its maximal rate. the decrease in catalase activity coincided with the decline in temperature during winter. the rate of sprouting of buds forced at 23 degrees c was negatively related to the activity of catalase. artificial chilling of grapevine canes at 5 degrees c resulted in a 25% decrease of catalase activity in the buds after 3 ... | 1986 | 16664957 |
| presence and identification of polyamines in xylem and phloem exudates of plants. | polyamines were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (benzoylation) and by thin layer chromatography (dansylation) in xylem exudates from stems of sunflowers (helianthus annuus [l.]), mung bean (vigna radiata [l.] wilczek), grapevine (vitis vinifera [l.] cv grenache), and orange (citrus sinensis [l.] osbeck, cv valencia), as well as in phloem sap (using elution into edta) of sunflower and mung bean plants. putrescine was the major polyamine detected, ranging in concentrations of ... | 1986 | 16665153 |
| effects of chilling and aba on [h]gibberellin a(4) metabolism in somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera l. x v. rupestris scheele). | previous work has indicated that changes in gibberellin (ga) metabolism may be involved in chilling-induced release from dormancy in somatic embryos of grape (vitis vinifera l. x v. rupestris scheele). we have chilled somatic embryos of grape for 2, 4, or 8 weeks, then incubated them with [(3)h]ga(4) (of high specific activity, 4.81 x 10(10) becquerel per millimole) for 48 hours at 26 degrees c. chilling had little effect on the total amount of free [(3)h]ga-like metabolites formed during incuba ... | 1987 | 16665447 |
| dynamic relation between expansion and cellular turgor in growing grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaves. | measurements of the growth and water relations of expanding grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaves have been used to determine the relationship between leaf expansion rate and leaf cell turgor. direct measurement of turgor on the small (approximately 15 micrometer diameter) epidermal cells over the midvein of expanding grape leaves was made possible by improvements in the pressure probe technique. leaf expansion rate and leaf water status were perturbed by environmentally induced changes in plant tran ... | 1987 | 16665579 |
| resistance to water transport in shoots of vitis vinifera l. : relation to growth at low water potential. | apparent resistances to water transport in the liquid phase were determined from measurements of soil, root, basal shoot internode, shoot apex, and leaf water potentials and water flux in vitis vinifera (cv white riesling) during soil drying. predawn water potential differences (deltapsi) in the shoots accounted for 20% of the total deltapsi between the soil and the shoot apex when plants were well-watered but increased to about 90% when shoot growth ceased. the deltapsi from soil to root was es ... | 1988 | 16666373 |
| net co(2) assimilation and carbohydrate partitioning of grapevine leaves in response to trunk girdling and gibberellic acid application. | leaf net co(2) assimilation rate (a), stomatal conductance (g(s)), carboxylation efficiency, and foliar nonstructural carbohydrates were measured on mature, field-grown vitis vinifera l. (cv thompson seedless) vines that had been trunk girdled, sprayed with gibberellic acid, or both, shortly after anthesis. girdling reduced a, g(s), and carboxylation efficiency when measured 2 weeks after imposition of the treatments. diurnal measurements indicated that a of girdled vines was less than that of c ... | 1989 | 16666676 |
| effects of ambient and acute partial pressures of ozone on leaf net co(2) assimilation of field-grown vitis vinifera l. | mature, field-grown vitis vinifera l. grapevines grown in open-top chambers were exposed to either charcoal-filtered air or ambient ozone partial pressures throughout the growing season. individual leaves also were exposed to ozone partial pressures of 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 micropascals per pascal for 5 hours. no visual ozone damage was found on leaves exposed to any of the treatments. chronic exposure to ambient o(3) partial pressures reduced net co(2) assimilation rate (a) between 5 and 13% at vari ... | 1989 | 16667208 |
| immunocharacterization of nadh-glutamate dehydrogenase from vitis vinifera l. | rabbit antiserum was raised against nadh-glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) isoenzyme 1, purified from leaves of vitis vinifera l. cv soultanina and its specificity was tested. this antiserum was used for immunocharacterization of the gdh from leaf, shoot, and root tissues. the antiserum recognized the seven isoenzymes of nadh-gdh and precipitated all the enzyme activity from the three tissues tested. western blot following sds-page revealed the same protein band for the three tissues, with a molecul ... | 1990 | 16667675 |
| plant nad(h)-glutamate dehydrogenase consists of two subunit polypeptides and their participation in the seven isoenzymes occurs in an ordered ratio. | the structure and function of nad(h)-glutamate dehydrogenase in plants was studied by using grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv sultanina) callus grown under different nitrogen sources. the enzyme consists of two subunit-polypeptides, alpha and beta, with similar antigenic properties but with different molecular mass and charge. the two polypeptides have molecular masses of 43.0 and 42.5 kilodaltons, respectively. the holoenzyme is hexameric and is resolved into seven isoenzymes by native gel electr ... | 1991 | 16668355 |
| vacuolar release of 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the conjugated form of the ethylene precursor. | the mechanisms underlying the vacuolar retention or release of 1-(malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (macc), the conjugated form of the ethylene precursor, has been studied in grape (vitis vinifera) cells grown in vitro using the technique of compartmental analysis of radioisotope elution. following its accumulation in the vacuole, m[2,3-(14)c]acc could be released from cells when the vacuolar ph was artificially lowered by external buffers from its initial value of 6.2 to below the cri ... | 1991 | 16668574 |
| hysteresis and cooperative behavior of a latent plant polyphenoloxidase. | appearance of a lag period dependent on ph in the expression of the catecholase activity of a polyphenoloxidase extracted in a latent state from airen grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries, is revealed, suggesting the hysteretic nature of the enzyme. the lag time was independent of enzyme concentration, indicating that slow ph-induced conformational changes in the protein must occur during assay. results obtained by varying substrate concentration show that the system presents hyperbolic or cooperat ... | 1992 | 16668711 |
| aberrant processing of polyphenol oxidase in a variegated grapevine mutant. | bruce's sport is a mutant grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) with green and white variegated fruit derived from the sultana variety. the white regions of tissue have decreased polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity resulting in a reduced capacity for browning. active ppo from sultana grapes was purified and had an apparent molecular weight of 40,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. western blots indicated that mature sultana grapes contained a single 40-kilodalton ppo, and you ... | 1992 | 16669082 |
| branch development controls leaf area dynamics in grapevine (vitis vinifera) growing in drying soil. | soil water deficit is a major abiotic stress with severe consequences for the development, productivity and quality of crops. however, it is considered a positive factor in grapevine management (vitis vinifera), as it has been shown to increase grape quality. the effects of soil water deficit on organogenesis, morphogenesis and gas exchange in the shoot were investigated. | 2006 | 16679414 |
| mycobiota and ochratoxin a producing fungi from spanish wine grapes. | grapes from three different regions with a long winemaking tradition in spain were analysed at different growth stages in order to identify the ochratoxigenic mycobiota during three consecutive seasons. the correlation between meteorological parameters and ochratoxigenic fungi was studied and revealed a significant positive correlation between black aspergilli infection and temperatures in the month preceding each sampling date. no significant correlation was found with either relative humidity ... | 2006 | 16687184 |
| rflp characterization of aspergillus niger aggregate species from grapes from europe and israel. | in order to characterize by molecular methods the aspergillus niger aggregate species involved in the ochratoxin a (ota) contamination of european wine grapes and table grapes from israel, a total of 173 strains were studied. the its-5.8s rdna fragments of 173 a. niger agreggate strains from grapes included in this study were amplified and their pcr amplicons were rsai digested in order to classify the strains in the rflp types, n and t. all of the strains belonging to the a. niger aggregate wer ... | 2006 | 16690149 |
| interactions between brettanomyces bruxellensis and other yeast species during the initial stages of winemaking. | wine is the product of complex interactions between yeasts and bacteria in grape must. amongst yeast populations, two groups can be distinguished. the first, named non-saccharomyces (ns), colonizes, with many other micro-organisms, the surface of grape berries. in the past, ns yeasts were primarily considered as spoilage micro-organisms. however, recent studies have established a positive contribution of certain ns yeasts to wine quality. amongst the group of ns yeasts, brettanomyces bruxellensi ... | 2006 | 16696668 |
| development of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection of aspergillus carbonarius in grapes. | aspergillus carbonarius is the main species responsible for the production of ochratoxin a (ota) in wine grapes. to monitor and quantify a. carbonarious in grapes, a quantitative real-time pcr assay was developed as a possible tool for predicting the potential ochratoxigenic risk. dna extraction from grape berries was performed by using conventional extraction and clean up through ezna hi-bond spin columns. a taqman probe was used to quantify a. carbonarius genomic dna in grape berries samples. ... | 2006 | 16697479 |
| the photoprotective role of epidermal anthocyanins and surface pubescence in young leaves of grapevine (vitis vinifera). | depending on cultivar, surfaces of young leaves of vitis vinifera may be glabrous-green ('soultanina') or transiently have anthocyanins ('siriki') or pubescence ('athiri'). a test is made of the hypothesis that anthocyanins and pubescence act as light screens affording a photoprotective advantage to the corresponding leaves, and an assessment is made of the magnitude of their effect. | 2006 | 16704996 |
| survival and growth of aspergillus carbonarius on wine grapes before harvest. | aspergillus carbonarius, the primary ota-producing species in australia, was inoculated onto the surface of chardonnay and shiraz bunches at pre-bunch closure, veraison and pre-harvest during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 seasons. mean a. carbonarius counts decreased between pre-bunch closure and veraison, and increased between veraison and pre-harvest. increases in a. carbonarius counts from veraison onwards were most marked in chardonnay bunches during 2003-04; such bunches comprised more berries an ... | 2006 | 16707180 |
| effect of lobesia botrana damages on black aspergilli rot and ochratoxin a content in grapes. | sixty-nine wine grape samples of two varieties (bombino nero and uva di troia) were collected from four vineyards in a high ochratoxin a (ota) incidence grape-growing area in apulia, southern italy, during the 2001 and 2002 crop harvests. the levels of toxin, measured in the two year harvests, ranged from 0.02 to 681 ng/g of fresh berries. in both surveys, higher levels of contamination by black aspergilli and ota were found in both intact and rotten berries originating from bunches damaged by l ... | 2006 | 16707181 |
| ochratoxin a occurrence and formation in portuguese wine grapes at various stages of maturation. | a total of 93 portuguese grape samples destined for wine production were examined for the presence of ochratoxin a (ota) and the ota producing fungi aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger aggregate. samples came from 11 vineyards from four winemaking regions in the north and south of the portuguese mainland, during the harvest seasons of 2001, 2002 and 2003. grapes were examined at 3 maturation stages, from setting to the harvesting period, to evaluate when contamination with ota producing fungi a ... | 2006 | 16707182 |
| occurrence of ochratoxin a in wine and ochratoxigenic mycoflora in grapes and dried vine fruits in south america. | grape and wine production in south america represents about 6.6% and 10% respectively of the world grape and wine production. the available information on the ochratoxigenic mycoflora and ochratoxin a (ota) presence in wine grapes, wines, grape juices and dried vine fruits is limited. surveys have been carried out in argentina and brazil which showed that aspergillus niger aggregate are predominant in the argentinean varieties while from the brazilian varieties the species a. niger, aspergillus ... | 2006 | 16716424 |
| the symptomless leaf infection with grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 in grown in vitro plants as a simple model system for investigation of viral effects on photosynthesis. | the photosynthetic changes evaluated by oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence, photoacoustics, and delayed fluorescence (df) were studied in leaves of grown in vitro for 8 weeks grapevine plants (vitis vinifera) infected by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3). the infected leaves were characterized during the viral infection without visible disease symptoms. the symptomless infection led to a decrease in plant biomass. the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, qn, declined, ... | 2007 | 16716452 |
| use of aloe vera gel coating preserves the functional properties of table grapes. | table grapes (vitis vinifera l. cv. crimson seedless) were coated with aloe vera gel according to our developed patent (sp patent p200302937) and then stored for 35 days at 1 degrees c, and the subsequent shelf life (sl) was monitored at 20 degrees c. uncoated clusters showed a rapid loss of functional compounds, such as total phenolics and ascorbic acid. these changes were accompanied by reduction of the total antioxidant activity (taa) and increases in total anthocyanins, showing an accelerate ... | 2006 | 16719510 |
| the contribution of extensin network formation to rapid, hydrogen peroxide-mediated increases in grapevine callus wall resistance to fungal lytic enzymes. | grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. touriga) callus cell walls contain a high level of the monomeric extensin, gvp1. hydrogen peroxide stimulus of these cultures causes the rapid loss of monomeric gvp1, concomitant with marked increases in insoluble gvp1 amino acids and wall resistance to digestion by fungal lytic enzymes. jim11 immunolocalization studies indicated that monomeric and network gvp1 were evenly distributed in the callus cell wall. these primary cell walls were used to investigate the spe ... | 2006 | 16720614 |
| genealogy of wine grape cultivars: "pinot" is related to "syrah". | since the domestication of wild grapes ca 6000 years ago, numerous cultivars have been generated by spontaneous or deliberate crosses, and up to 10 000 are still in existence today. just as in human paternity analysis, dna typing can reveal unexpected parentage of grape cultivars. in this study, we have analysed 89 grape cultivars with 60 microsatellite markers in order to accurately calculate the identity-by-descent (ibd) and relatedness (r) coefficients among six putatively related cultivars f ... | 2006 | 16721391 |
| the constituents of the sap of the vine (vitis vinifera l.). | 1924 | 16743387 | |
| pathways of glucose regulation of monosaccharide transport in grape cells. | grape (vitis vinifera) heterotrophic suspension-cultured cells were used as a model system to study glucose (glc) transport and its regulation. cells transported d-[14c]glc according to simple michaelis-menten kinetics superimposed on first-order kinetics. the saturating component is a high-affinity, broad-specificity h+ -dependent transport system (km = 0.05 mm). glc concentration in the medium tightly regulated the transcription of vvht1 (vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1), a monosaccharide ... | 2006 | 16766675 |
| aflp analysis of genetic variation within the two economically important anatolian grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) varietal groups. | the anatolian region of modern-day turkey is believed to have played an important role in the history of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) domestication and spread. despite this, the rich grape germplasm of this region is virtually uncharacterized genetically. in this study, the amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp)-based genetic relations of the grapevine accessions belonging to the 2 economically important anatolian table grape varietal groups known as v. vinifera 'misket' (muscat) and v. ... | 2006 | 16767171 |
| gene expression associated with compatible viral diseases in grapevine cultivars. | viral diseases affect grapevine cultures without inducing any resistance response. thus, these plants develop systemic diseases and are chronically infected. molecular events associated with viral compatible infections responsible for disease establishment and symptoms development are poorly understood. in this study, we surveyed viral infection in grapevines at a transcriptional level. gene expression in the vitis vinifera red wine cultivars carménère and cabernet-sauvignon naturally infected w ... | 2007 | 16775684 |
| time course of the evolution of malic and lactic acids in the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation of grape must by quantitative 1h nmr (qhnmr) spectroscopy. | quantitative nmr can be used to monitor several processes that take place in the transformation of the must of wine grapes. the study described here focused attention on monitoring of the malic and lactic acid levels during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation processes. the method allows the simultaneous quantification of both acids through a range of 1-3.2 mmol/l. the effectiveness of each process was assessed and compared by carrying out precise analyses using enzymatic methods. | 2006 | 16787019 |
| simulated digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder: polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties. | there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events. plant preparations have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species. flavans and procyanidins are bioavailable and stable during the process of cooking. this study used conditions that mimicked digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder in the stomach (acidic preparation) and small intestine (neutral preparation). the flavonoids of these two preparat ... | 2006 | 16787037 |
| xylem structure and connectivity in grapevine (vitis vinifera) shoots provides a passive mechanism for the spread of bacteria in grape plants. | bacterial leaf scorch occurring in a number of economically important plants is caused by the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidiosa (xf). in grapevine, xf systemic infection causes pierce's disease and is lethal. traditional dogma is that xf movement between vessels requires the digestion of inter-vessel pit membranes. however, yersinia enterocolitica (ye) (a bacterium found in animals) and fluorescent beads moved rapidly within grapevine xylem from stem into leaf lamina, suggesting open co ... | 2006 | 16790469 |
| a skin color mutation of grapevine, from black-skinned pinot noir to white-skinned pinot blanc, is caused by deletion of the functional vvmyba1 allele. | a white-wine grape, pinot blanc, is thought to be a white-skinned mutant of a red-wine grape, pinot noir. pinot noir was heterozygous for vvmyba1. one allele was the non-functional vvmyba1a, and the other was the functional vvmyba1c. in pinot blanc, however, only vvmyba1a was observed, and the amount of vvmyba1 dna in pinot blanc was half that in pinot noir. these findings suggest that deletion of vvmyba1c from pinot noir resulted in pinot blanc. | 2006 | 16794336 |
| an integrated ssr map of grapevine based on five mapping populations. | a grapevine (mainly vitis vinifera l., 2n = 38) composite genetic map was constructed with carthagene using segregation data from five full-sib populations of 46, 95, 114, 139 and 153 individuals, to determine the relative position of a large set of molecular markers. this consensus map comprised 515 loci (502 ssrs and 13 other type pcr-based markers), amplified using 439 primer pairs (426 ssrs and 13 others) with 50.1% common markers shared by at least two crosses. out of all loci, 257, 85, 74, ... | 2006 | 16799809 |
| anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the chemoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts (ares) from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), chokeberry (aronia meloncarpa e.), and grape (vitis vinifera) by assessing multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in male rats treated with a colon carcinogen, azoxymethane. fischer 344 male rats were fed the ain-93 diet (control) or ain-93 diet supplemented with ares for 14 wk. biomarkers that were evaluated included the number and multiplicity of ... | 2006 | 16800776 |
| transgenic peas (pisum sativum) expressing polygalacturonase inhibiting protein from raspberry (rubus idaeus) and stilbene synthase from grape (vitis vinifera). | the pea (pisum sativum l.) varieties baroness (united kingdome) and baccara (france) were transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer with pgptv binary vectors containing the bar gene in combination with two different antifungal genes coding for polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) driven by a double 35s promoter, or the stilbene synthase (vst1) from grape (vitis vinifera l.) driven by its own elicitor-inducible promoter. transgenic li ... | 2006 | 16802117 |
| biosynthesis of flavan 3-ols by leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductases and anthocyanidin reductases in leaves of grape (vitis vinifera l.), apple (malus x domestica borkh.) and other crops. | catechin and epicatechin biosyntheses were studied of grape (vitis vinifera l.), apple (malus x domestica borkh.) and other crop leaves, since these monomers and the derived proanthocyanidins are important disease resistance factors. grape and apple leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase (lar; ec 1.17.1.3) enzymes were characterized on basis of plant and recombinant enzymes. in case of grape, two lar cdnas were cloned by assembling available est sequences. grape and apple leaf anthocyanidin reductase (a ... | 2016 | 16806954 |
| influence of vineyard location and vine water status on fruit maturation of nonirrigated cv. agiorgitiko (vitis vinifera l.). effects on wine phenolic and aroma components. | the influence of site on grape and wine composition was investigated for vitis vinifera l. cv. agiorgitiko in the nemea appellation area in southern greece. three nonirrigated plots were studied during the 1997 and 1998 vintages, which were typically very hot and without summer rainfall. vines were subjected to different water regimens as a result of the variation of soil water-holding capacity and evaporative demand. vine water status was determined by means of predawn leaf water potential. dif ... | 2006 | 16819919 |
| effect of oligomer procyanidins on reperfusion arrhythmias and lactate dehydrogenase release in the isolated rat heart. | the antiarrhythmic effect of an oral 3-week-pretreatment with oligomer procyanidins derived from vitis vinifera was investigated on the isolated perfused heart after global no-flow ischemia (procyanidin-treated group: n = 9, control group: n = 13). hearts were perfused with a modified krebs-henseleit solution in which the k+ content was reduced to 3.0 mmol/l in order to lower the fibrillation threshold. monophasic action potentials in addition to ecg were recorded. the durations of ischemia and ... | 2006 | 16821641 |
| in-vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of grapevine leaves (vitis vinifera) in diabetic rats. | the acute and the subacute (15 days) hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of the two different doses (250, 500 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract from the leaves of vitis vinifera l. were evaluated in this study. the aqueous extract was further fractionated through successive solvent extractions and the acute effect of different doses of its subfractions, 25 mg/kg for ethylacetate fraction, 80 mg/kg for n-butanol fraction and 375 mg/kg for remaining aqueous fraction were investigated using nor ... | 2006 | 16824713 |
| salmon, wildlife, and wine: marine-derived nutrients in human-dominated ecosystems of central california. | pacific salmon transfer large quantities of marine-derived nutrients to adjacent forest ecosystems with profound effects on plant and wildlife production. we investigated this process for two highly modified california wine country rivers, one with consistent salmon runs (mokelumne river) and one without (calaveras river). mokelumne river chinook salmon transported biomass and n comparable to pacific northwest salmon streams. calaveras river levels were much less. scavenger numbers correlated wi ... | 2006 | 16826998 |
| relationships between leaf conductance to co2 diffusion and photosynthesis in micropropagated grapevine plants, before and after ex vitro acclimatization. | in vitro-cultured plants typically show a low photosynthetic activity, which is considered detrimental to subsequent ex vitro acclimatization. studies conducted so far have approached this problem by analysing the biochemical and photochemical aspects of photosynthesis, while very little attention has been paid to the role of leaf conductance to co(2) diffusion, which often represents an important constraint to co(2) assimilation in naturally grown plants. mesophyll conductance, in particular, h ... | 2006 | 16837534 |
| argentinean cultivars of vitis vinifera grow better than european ones when cultured in vitro under salinity. | argentinean vitis vinifera cultivars although originated from europe, have clear ampelographic and genotypic differences as compared with the european cultivars currently used in wine making. in vitro evaluation of salt tolerance has been used in many species. our hypothesis was that argentinean cultivars are more tolerant to salinity than european ones. three european cultivars, malbec, cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay and four argentincan cultivars, cereza, criolla chica, pedro gimcnez and to ... | 2006 | 16845822 |
| comparative analysis of plant finds from early roman graves in ilok (cuccium) and sćitarjevo (andautonia), croatia--a contribution to understanding burial rites in southern pannonia. | a comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the early roman incineration graves in ilok and sćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time enables a better understanding of the agriculture and trade of the 1st/early 2nd century ad in southern pannonia. most of the cereals found (hordeum vulgare, panicum miliaceum, triticum monococcum, t. dicoccon, t. aestivum i t. cf. spelta), the legumes (lens culinaris, vicia ervilia) and the fruit contrib ... | 2006 | 16848163 |