Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| evaluation and comparison of molecular techniques for epidemiological typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. | a total of 28 unrelated isolates of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) collected during a 6-year period, as well as four samples of the s. dublin live vaccine strain bovisaloral and its prototype strain s. dublin 442/039, were investigated by different molecular typing methods for the following reasons: (i) to find the most discriminatory method for the epidemiological typing of isolates belonging to this salmonella serovar and (ii) to evaluate these methods for t ... | 1996 | 8904430 |
| mycotic aneurysm due to non-typhi salmonella: report of 16 cases. | from 1990 through 1994, we collected information on all cases of mycotic aneurysms due to non-typhi salmonella that occurred at the veterans general hospital in kaohsiung, taiwan. all cases of salmonella bacteremia were reviewed to find any additional cases. a total of 16 cases of salmonella mycotic aneurysms occurred. the mortality rate was 100% among the three patients treated with medical therapy alone. nine (70%) of the 13 patients who received surgical and medical therapy survived. ten of t ... | 1996 | 8909837 |
| a novel pathway for o-polysaccharide biosynthesis in salmonella enterica serovar borreze. | the plasmid-encoded gene cluster for o:54 o-polysaccharide synthesis in salmonella enterica serovar borreze (rfbo:54) contains three genes that direct synthesis of a mannac homopolymer with alternating beta1,3 and beta1,4 linkages. in escherichia coli k-12, rfbao:54 adds the first mannac residue to the rfe (udp-glcpnac::undecaprenylphosphate glcpnac-1-phosphate transferase)- modified lipopolysaccharide core. hydrophobic cluster analysis of rfbao:54 indicates this protein belongs to the exou fami ... | 1996 | 8910488 |
| expression, purification and characterization of recombinant phosphomannomutase and gdp-alpha-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase from salmonella enterica, group b, for the synthesis of gdp-alpha-d-mannose from d-mannose. | the genes rfbk and rfbm from the rfb cluster (o-antigen biosynthesis) of salmonella enterica, group b, encoding for the enzymes phosphomannomutase (ec 5.4.2.8) and gdp-alpha-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase (ec 2.7.7.13) were overexpressed in e.coli bl21 (de3) with specific activities of 0.1 u/mg and 0.3-0.6 u/mg, respectively. both enzymes were partially purified to give specific activities of 0.26 u/mg and 2.75 u/mg, respectively. kinetic characterization of the homodimeric (108 kda) gdp-alpha-d-ma ... | 1996 | 8922954 |
| a third family of allelic hsd genes in salmonella enterica: sequence comparisons with related proteins identify conserved regions implicated in restriction of dna. | salmonella enterica serovar blegdam has a restriction and modification system encoded by genes linked to serb. we have cloned these genes, putative alleles of the hsd locus of escherichia coli k-12, and confirmed by the sequence similarities of flanking dna that the hsd genes of s. enterica serovar blegdam have the same chromosomal location as those of e. coli k-12 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. there is, however, no obvious similarity in their nucleotide sequences, and while t ... | 1996 | 8939428 |
| genomic lineage of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum. | forty-eight strains of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum of biotypes gallinarum and pullorum were characterised by three chromosomally based typing methods. the patterns obtained were compared with those of strains of eight other serotypes of salmonella of o serogroup d. the same pvuii and psti is200 patterns were commonly observed among strains of both biotypes and the three smai ribotypes of serotype gallinarum strains differed in only one or two bands, supporting the view that members o ... | 1996 | 8958244 |
| survival and degradation of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. | the survival and fate of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in henle-407 human intestinal epithelial cells was investigated during prolonged incubation to evaluate the persistence of causative microbes and the relationship to patients developing reactive arthritis. most of the bacteria were killed and degraded quite soon after infection of the cells, but there were still live bacteria inside the cells for up to 14 days. these results suggest that in patients developing reactive arthritis t ... | 1996 | 8958251 |
| correlation of conversion of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 1, 4, or 6 to phage type 7 with loss of lipopolysaccharide. | studies of pairs of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates from different poultry flocks showed that phage type (pt) 7 may be derived from pt 1, 4, and 6. the conversion appeared to be associated with loss of lipopolysaccharide. it is concluded that pt 7 may be of little value as an epidemiological marker of s. enterica serovar enteritidis. | 1997 | 8968942 |
| some properties and protective activity of specific dle against salmonella cholerae suis infection. | from a rabbit lymphoid tissue, twice immunized with a salmonella ch. suis vaccine, was obtained a dialysable leucocyte extract (dle) (m. w. 10,000da; protein content 1.14 mg/ml; content of ribose 2.7 mg/ml; a260/a280 ratio 2.17 and ph 6.8). by gel filtration on sephadex g-25, six peaks were obtained and activity was found in peak iv. the activity of the extract was determined by a dermo-application test (dat) on 10 cows. the protective effect was tested by a challenge with salmonella ch. suis an ... | 1996 | 8993767 |
| role of sefa subunit protein of sef14 fimbriae in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | in this study, the role of the sefa subunit protein of sef14 fimbriae in the pathogenesis of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was investigated. this was accomplished by mutating the sefa gene in the chromosome of two strains of s. enterica serovar enteritidis by allelic exchange with a copy that has been inactivated by interruption with a nonpolar kanamycin resistance (apha-3) cassette. the effect of this mutation on the ability of the s. enterica serovar enteritidis strains to colonize t ... | 1997 | 9009334 |
| detection of the induction of salmonella enterotoxin gene expression by contact with epithelial cells with rt-pcr. | all strains of salmonella enterica investigated were found to carry the salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn) as determined by pcr and hybridization studies. however, when using cho-k1 cells for testing the toxicity of the strains, not all strains showed a toxic effect (cell elongation) on the cells or did so only at a low level. the cultivation of salmonella in contact with epithelial cells (iec-6) led to an increase in the production of toxin. the stn gene expression was detectable with the help o ... | 1997 | 9011037 |
| identification and characterization of the dtdp-rhamnose biosynthesis and transfer genes of the lipopolysaccharide-related rfb locus in leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. | immunity to leptospirosis is principally humorally mediated and involves opsonization of leptospires for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. the only protective antigen identified to date is the leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (lps), which biochemically resembles typical gram-negative lps but has greatly reduced endotoxic activity. little is known about the structure of leptospiral lps. a 2.1-kb ecori fragment from the chromosome of serovar copenhageni was cloned in puc18 in escherichia ... | 1997 | 9023210 |
| induction of tnf-alpha mrna in murine macrophages by virulent and avirulent strains of salmonella choleraesuis serovar typhimurium and serovar choleraesuis. | tnf-alpha mrna induction in murine macrophages by virulent and avirulent salmonella strains was measured in vitro by rt-pcr method. virulence plasmid-cured strains of s. choleraesuis serovar typhimurium and serovar choleraesuis, and rpos-defective mutant of s. choleraesuis serovar typhimurium induced significantly higher level of tnf-alpha mrna than their parent (virulent) strains in macrophages of c3h/hen mice. when macrophages of lps-low responder (c3h/hej) mice were used, the difference of th ... | 1997 | 9032763 |
| [antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica: an increasing problem]. | to determine the evolution of the frequencies of salmonella enterica serotypes and their resistance to antimicrobial agents. | 1996 | 9035708 |
| predominant appearance of nk1.1+ t cells producing il-4 may be involved in the increased susceptibility of mice with the beige mutation during salmonella infection. | c57bl/6 mice with the beige mutation (beige mice) showed a high susceptibility to infection with salmonella choleraesuis compared with c57bl/6 (b6) control mice, as assessed by bacterial number in the peritoneal cavity and the liver. the appearance of nk1.1+ cd3- nk cells was significantly suppressed, while nk1.1+ t cells were increased in the peritoneal cavity of beige mice after salmonella infection. the expression level of il-4 mrna was much higher in freshly isolated nk1.1+ t cells of the in ... | 1997 | 9036974 |
| salmonella spondylitis. | we report a case of salmonella spondylitis in an adolescent without sickle cell disease or any history of salmonella gastroenteritis. the infecting organism (cultured from material aspirated from the bone lesion) was salmonella enterica serovar newport. with nonoperative treatment, evolution was favorable. | 1997 | 9039673 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa b-band o-antigen chain length is modulated by wzz (ro1). | the wbp gene cluster, encoding the b-band lipopolysaccharide o antigen of pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype o5 strain pao1, was previously shown to contain a wzy (rfc) gene encoding the o-antigen polymerase. this study describes the molecular characterization of the corresponding wzz (rol) gene, responsible for modulating o-antigen chain length. p. aeruginosa o5 wzz has 19 to 20% amino acid identity with wzz of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, and shigella flexneri. knockout mutations of the ... | 1997 | 9045803 |
| recent horizontal transmission of plasmids between natural populations of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. | seventy-one natural isolates obtained from a salmonella reference collection were examined for the presence of plasmids closely related to the escherichia coli f plasmid. the collection consists of several serovars of the s. enterica typhimurium complex, subspecies i, to which 99% of pathogenic salmonellae belong. molecular genetic techniques of dna hybridization, along with pcr and dna sequencing, were used to examine the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of f-like plasmids among ... | 1997 | 9045822 |
| identification of bacterial cells by chromosomal painting. | chromosomal painting is a technique for the microscopic localization of genetic material. it has been applied at the subcellular level to identify regions of eukaryotic chromosomes. here we describe the development of bacterial chromosomal painting (bcp), a related technology for the identification of bacterial cells. purified genomic dnas from six bacterial strains were labeled by nick translation with the fluorochrome fluor-x, cy3, or cy5. the average size of the labeled fragments was ca. 50 t ... | 1997 | 9055426 |
| safety and efficacy of an avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis vaccine for protection of calves against s dublin infection. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of avirulent live salmonella choleraesuis strain 54 (sc54) as a vaccine to protect calves against salmonellosis caused by s dublin. | 1997 | 9055972 |
| relatedness and phylogeny within the family of periplasmic chaperones involved in the assembly of pili or capsule-like structures of gram-negative bacteria. | the structure of a salmonella enterica serovar typhi gene located within the fim gene cluster and encoding a putative periplasmic chaperone-like protein involved in the assembly of type 1 pili was determined. this gene, named fimc, has the ability to encode a 26-kda polypeptide which is similar, at the sequence level, to the papd periplasmic chaperonin mediating the assembly of p pili of escherichia coli, as well as to other periplasmic chaperone-like proteins involved in the biogenesis of pili ... | 1997 | 9060396 |
| molecular cloning, sequence analysis and functional characterization of the gene kdsa, encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthase of chlamydia psittaci 6bc. | the kdsa gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonate-8-phosphate (kdo-8-p) synthase of chlamydia psittaci 6bc was cloned by complementing the temperature-sensitive kdsa mutant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ag701i50. the sequence analysis of a recombinant dna fragment revealed an open reading frame of 807 nucleotides which codes for a polypeptide of 269 amino acids with a high degree of similarity to known kdsa proteins. in addition, alignments of kdo-8-p synthases with bacterial and f ... | 1997 | 9063447 |
| comparative genetics of the inv-spa invasion gene complex of salmonella enterica. | the chromosomal region containing the salmonella enterica pathogenic island inv-spa was present in the last common ancestor of all the contemporary lineages of salmonellae. for multiple strains of s. enterica, representing all eight subspecies, nucleotide sequences were obtained for five genes of the inv-spa invasion complex, invh, inve, inva, spam, and span, al of which encode proteins that are required for entry of the bacteria into cultured epithelial cells. the inve, inva, spam, and span gen ... | 1997 | 9068645 |
| identification of additional genes required for o-antigen biosynthesis in vibrio cholerae o1. | the cloning and expression of the genes encoding the vibrio cholerae o1 lipopolysaccharide o antigen in a heterologous host have been described previously (p. a. manning, m. w. heuzenroeder, j. yeadon, d. i. leavesley, p. r. reeves, and d. rowley, infect. immun. 53:272-277, 1986). it was thus assumed that all the genes required for o-antigen expression were located on a 20-kb saci restriction fragment. we present evidence for a number of other as yet undescribed genes that are essential for o-an ... | 1997 | 9079898 |
| occurrence of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis phage types in the slovak republic. | phage typing of 741 isolates of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis from the slovak republic in 1995 has been carried out using the scheme of ward and colleagues (1987). 202 strains (51 isolated from food) were from 9 outbreaks, 536 isolates were from sporadic cases and 3 isolates were from nosocomial infections of new-born babies. 704 isolates (95%) from all sources were typeable and belonged to 7 different phage types (pts). pt8 was the phage type most frequently identified (72.6%). other ... | 1997 | 9085013 |
| amelioration of bacterial genomes: rates of change and exchange. | although bacterial species display wide variation in their overall gc contents, the genes within a particular species' genome are relatively similar in base composition. as a result, sequences that are novel to a bacterial genome-i.e., dna introduced through recent horizontal transfer-often bear unusual sequence characteristics and can be distinguished from ancestral dna. at the time of introgression, horizontally transferred genes reflect the base composition of the donor genome; but, over time ... | 1997 | 9089078 |
| on-farm monitoring of mouse-invasive salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and a model for its association with the production of contaminated eggs. | mice (mus musculus) captured in henhouses were assessed for the presence of salmonellae in spleens. of 621 and 526 spleens cultured during the first and second years of collection, 25.0 and 17.9%, respectively, were positive for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. contaminated eggs were cultured from nine houses during the first year of sampling, and for eight of these houses, serovar enteritidis was recovered from the spleens of mice. rank sum statistical analysis of positive mouse spleens ... | 1997 | 9097453 |
| the evaluation of a fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of salmonella species in food commodities. | the taqman ls-50b pcr detection system facilitates the automated and direct detection of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products. the system employs the 5' nuclease activity of taq dna polymerase to hydrolyse a salmonella specific internal fluorogenic probe for monitoring the amplification of a 287-bp region of the salmonella inva gene. using the fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay, 164 salmonella strains representing all the subspecies of salmonella enterica were detected while over 50 non-salmonell ... | 1997 | 9105933 |
| the specificity of sty ski, a type i restriction enzyme, implies a structure with rotational symmetry. | the type i restriction and modification (r-m) enzyme from salmonella enterica serovar kaduna ( sty ski) recognises the dna sequence 5'-cgat(n)7gtta, an unusual target for a type i r-m system in that it comprises two tetranucleotide components. the amino target recognition domain (trd) of sty ski recognises 5'-cgat and shows 36% amino acid identity with the carboxy trd of eco r124i which recognises the complementary, but degenerate, sequence 5'-rtcg. current models predict that the amino and carb ... | 1997 | 9108149 |
| rapid detection of salmonella enterica with primers specific for irob. | the irob gene of salmonella enterica is absent from the chromosome of the related organism escherichia coli. we determined the distribution of this gene among 150 bacterial isolates, representing 51 serotypes of different salmonella species and subspecies and 8 other bacterial species which are frequent contaminants during routine enrichment procedures by southern hybridization. an irob-specific dna probe detected homologous sequences in all strains of s. enterica, including serotypes of s. ente ... | 1997 | 9114411 |
| salmonella enterica infection. | 1996 | 9127891 | |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104 isolates and investigation of strains with transferable apramycin resistance. | an examination of salmonella isolates collected by the scottish agricultural college veterinary services division from april 1994 to may 1995 was conducted to determine the extent to which salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage type 104 (dt104) occurred and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates. typhimurium dt104 was the predominant salmonella and was isolated from nine species of animal. all isolates of this phage type possessed resistance to at least one anti ... | 1997 | 9129585 |
| induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in salmonella enterica grown on solid media: possible consequences for serological identification. | salmonella enterica grown on solid medium containing iron, thiosulfate and 100 mm hexoses and amino acids underwent cell surface differentiation involving increased flagellation (electrophoretic isotypes 60, 54 and 50 kda), conversion from rough to smooth lipopolysaccharide, and assembly of a matrix that penetrated 1.4% agar. flagellation was also induced in the avian pathogen s. enterica var pullorum, which is diagnostically defined as aflagellate. induction correlated closely with a simple col ... | 1997 | 9141658 |
| genomic relationships between selected phage types of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium defined by ribotyping, is200 typing and pfge. | the genomic relationship between isolates representing 17 definitive phage types (dts) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) were analysed using three different typing methods: is200 typing using the restriction enzymes ecori and pvuii, ribotyping using smai and ecori, and pfge using xbai. these methods were used to study four dts in greater detail; in all 18 (dt 49), 10 (dt 110), five (dt 120) and seven (dt 135) isolates were studied. the combined data gen ... | 1997 | 9141710 |
| epidemiological analysis of strains of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis from foodborne outbreaks occurring in italy, 1980-1994. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr-) ribotyping was performed on 243 strains of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis isolated during the years 1980-1994 from 58 foodborne outbreaks occurring in different regions of italy. the majority (37) of the outbreaks were attributed to phage type (pt) 4, followed by pt1 (seven outbreaks); the latter was identified in 1993 in italy in epidemic strains of enteritidis. in eight cases more than one phage type was recognised from a single event. nine pcr-riboty ... | 1997 | 9152032 |
| surgical experience with salmonella-infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. | five patients, aged between 64 and 75 years with salmonella-infected abdominal aortic aneurysms were surgically treated between 1993 and 1995 at the national cheng kung university hospital. cultures of aneurysmal wall tissue and blood yielded salmonella enteritidis group b in three patients and salmonella choleraesuis in the remaining two. all patients presented with fever and abdominal or back pain. pulsatile masses were noted in only two patients. infrarenal abdominal infected aneurysms were d ... | 1997 | 9170822 |
| isolation and characterization of two genes, waac (rfac) and waaf (rfaf), involved in pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype o5 inner-core biosynthesis. | recent studies have provided evidence to implicate involvement of the core oligosaccharide region of pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (lps) in adherence to host tissues. to better understand the role played by lps in the virulence of this organism, the aim of the present study was to clone and characterize genes involved in core biosynthesis. the inner-core regions of p. aeruginosa and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are structurally very similar; both contain two main chain res ... | 1997 | 9171387 |
| susceptibility of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant hospital bacteria to disinfectants. | to evaluate whether hospital strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria exhibited altered susceptibility to disinfectants. | 1997 | 9181398 |
| plasminogen receptors. turning salmonella and escherichia coli into proteolytic organisms. | we evaluated in vitro the hypothesis that bacterial adhesiveness to the mammalian extracellular matrix and the activation of plasminogen on bacterial plasminogen receptors promote bacterial penetration through basement membranes. we used the strain sh401 of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, which adheres to the high-mannose chains of laminin, a major glycoprotein of basement membranes, and expresses plasminogen receptors. bacterium-bound plasmin was able to degrade laminin and extracellul ... | 1997 | 9192011 |
| characterization of the agfba fimbrial operon encoding thin aggregative fimbriae of salmonella enteritidis. | 1997 | 9192021 | |
| unique salmonella choleraesuis surface protein affecting invasiveness. possible inv related sequence. | tnphoa mutagenesis of a salmonella choleraesuis isolate recovered from septicemic infection of feeder pigs resulted in 56 phoa+ knr strr mutants. thirty-five mutants exhibited reduced levels of invasion in the hep-2 cell model and were examined by sds-page western blot analysis using an anti-alkaline phosphatase antibody to visualize the insertion gene products. a mutant which produced a gene fusion product of 95 kda and exhibited > 90% reduction in invasion was subcloned. a 10 kb bamhi fragment ... | 1997 | 9192039 |
| general overview of prrsv: a perspective from the united states. | four years after the report of its discovery, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continues to challenge swine producers, veterinary practitioners, and animal health researchers in the united states. the prevalence of infection is high--60% to 80% of herds is a reasonable estimate--but the clinical effects of infection vary widely among farms. in many herds, infection is unapparent and productivity seemingly unaffected. some infected herds report occasional respiratory di ... | 1997 | 9220613 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae o50 (arizona 9a,9b). | on the basis of sugar and methylation analysis, selective removal of 3,6-dideoxy-l-xylohexose (colitose, col), 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 1d noe, 2d cosy, and 2d h-detected 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (hmqc), the following structure of the repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide of salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae o50 (arizona 9a,9b) was established: [sequence: see text] the o-antigen studied includes a trisaccharide fragment alpha-co1p-(1-->2)-beta-d-ga ... | 1997 | 9228739 |
| nation-wide salmonella enterica surveillance and control in danish slaughter swine herds. | a nation-wide salmonella enterica surveillance and control programme was initiated in danish finishing herds over the first quarter of 1995. in denmark, all swine for slaughter are identifiable by a unique herd code. for each herd code, and depending on the herd's annual kill, random samples ranging from four to more than 60 swine are obtained quarterly at the abattoir. a meat sample from each pig is frozen, and meat juice (harvested after thawing) is examined for specific antibodies against s. ... | 1997 | 9234434 |
| subspecies differentiation of salmonella by pcr-rflp of the ribosomal operon using universal primers. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method was developed to aid identification of bacteria to subspecies level. the method used primers that annealed to highly conserved regions of the bacterial rrna operon, which are proposed to be universal for all bacteria. the resulting pcr products gave unique electrophoretic patterns due to restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) within the rrna operon, allowing differentiation to the subspecies level. six serotypes of salmonella choleraesuis ... | 1997 | 9248082 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium from humans and production animals. | we have studied the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological relatedness among 473 isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) from human and veterinary sources. the human strains were clinical isolates from patients with diarrhoea sent to the state serum institute during august 1993 (228 isolates). the animal strains were isolated from clinical or subclinical infections in cattle (48 isolates), pigs (99 isolates) or poultry (98 isolates) ... | 1997 | 9249206 |
| hsp70 protects macrophages infected with salmonella choleraesuis against tnf-alpha-induced cell death. | hsp70 plays an important role in cytoprotection against tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. to investigate the role of hsp70 in cytoprotection during salmonella infection, we examined endogenous hsp70 induction and tnf-alpha production in a monocyte/macrophage line, j774a.1, after infection with a virulent strain of salm. choleraesuis rf-1 carrying a 50 kb virulent plasmid or the plasmid-cured avirulent strain 31n-1. intracellular bacteria progressively increased in j774a.1 ... | 1997 | 9250395 |
| salmonella enterica var typhimurium and salmonella enterica var enteritidis express type 1 fimbriae in the rat in vivo. | in a series of experiments rats were dosed with purified type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica var enteritidis or with fimbriated cultures of either s. enterica var typhimurium or s. enterica var enteritidis. paraffin-wax embedded histological sections of jejunal and ileal tissue were taken and stained by the streptavidin biotin complex (sabc) staining technique for the detection of salmonella and type 1 fimbriae. on oral infection with enteritidis and typhimurium both bacteria were shown to ... | 1997 | 9271169 |
| a secreted salmonella protein with homology to an avirulence determinant of plant pathogenic bacteria. | bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to interact with their hosts. a specialized type iii protein secretion system capable of translocating bacterial proteins into host cells has emerged as a central factor in the interaction between a variety of mammalian and plant pathogenic bacteria with their hosts. here we describe avra, a novel target of the centisome 63 type iii protein secretion system of salmonella enterica. avra shares sequence similarity with yopj of the animal pa ... | 1997 | 9275221 |
| paratyphoid fever due to salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a. | 1997 | 9284393 | |
| the proteome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium: current progress on its determination and some applications. | salmonella typhimurium (official designation salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) is an enteric pathogen and a principal cause of gastroenteritis in humans. a comprehensive description of the proteins of salmonella and their patterns of expression under different environmental conditions would greatly increase our understanding of the virulence of this organism at the molecular level and provide insights into many other aspects of salmonella biology. while a variety of two-dimensional studie ... | 1997 | 9298662 |
| [application of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis to epidemiological study of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis]. | an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) dna profile was applied to epidemiological analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis. a total 21 strains of s. enteritidis isolated from 21 cases (10 cases of healthy persons, 7 cases of food poisoning outbreaks and 4 sporadic diarrhea cases), during the period between december 1991 and august 1996 in wakayama city, were used. a total of 60 arbitrary primers (dna oligomer (12) set, wako) were screened with 4 s. en ... | 1997 | 9311191 |
| molecular epidemiology of two international sprout-borne salmonella outbreaks. | sprout-borne salmonella outbreaks in finland have increased during the last 10 years. the latest two were caused by salmonella enterica serovar bovismorbificans (antigenic structure 6,8:r:1,5) in 1994 and s. enterica serovar stanley (4,5, 12:d:1,2) in 1995. in this study, the restriction fragment length polymorphism of genomic dna after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the outbreak and nonoutbreak strains were compared. in each separate outbreak, t ... | 1997 | 9316894 |
| evaluation of a fluorescence-labelled oligonucleotide probe targeting 23s rrna for in situ detection of salmonella serovars in paraffin-embedded tissue sections and their rapid identification in bacterial smears. | a method for the detection of salmonella based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has been developed and applied for the direct detection of salmonella in pure cultures and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. on the basis of the 23s rrna gene sequences representing all of the s. enterica subspecies and s. bongori, an 18-mer oligonucleotide probe was selected. the specificity of the probe was tested by in situ hybridization to bacterial cell smears of pure cultures. fo ... | 1997 | 9316923 |
| lung colonization with enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in cystic fibrosis patients. | 1997 | 9330418 | |
| evolutionary genetics of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (icd) in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. | sequences of the icd gene, encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh), were obtained for 33 strains representing the major phylogenetic lineages of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. evolutionary relationships of the strains based on variation in icd are generally similar to those previously obtained for several other housekeeping and for invasion genes, but the sequences of s. enterica subspecies v strains are unusual in being almost intermediate between those of the other s. enterica subsp ... | 1997 | 9352899 |
| clinafloxacin (cl 960) is superior to standard therapeutics in the treatment of murine listeriosis and salmonellosis. | clinafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gramnegative and grampositive bacteria. in this work, the activity against the facultatively intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium was examined in vitro, in tissue culture and in animal models of infection. all strains of l. monocytogenes and s. enterica were highly susceptible against clinafloxacin, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) that were consi ... | 1997 | 9361386 |
| salmonellosis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (formerly known as salmonella arizonae) was diagnosed in three of five captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at the denver zoological gardens. two of the three animals died despite supportive treatment. the other two rhinoceroses remained asymptomatic and were negative for salmonella spp. after serial fecal cultures. the source for the salmonellosis was never identified. | 1997 | 9365944 |
| salmonella infection increases porcine antibacterial peptide concentrations in serum. | pr-39 is a multifunctional neutrophil peptide involved in host defense and inflammation. to investigate the involvement of pr-39 in a salmonella choleraesuis infection, a pr-39 enzyme immunoassay was developed. the concentrations of pr-39 in serum were 13.6 +/- 1.9 ng/ml before challenge and increased (p < 0.01) threefold by 10 to 14 days postinfection. peripheral blood neutrophil counts paralleled the changes in the concentrations of pr-39 in serum, both returned to basal values by 4 weeks post ... | 1997 | 9384306 |
| pathogenicity islands: important but not unique factors contributing to salmonella virulence. | 1997 | 9402697 | |
| size and sequence polymorphism in the isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase gene (acek) and flanking regions in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli. | the sequence of acek, which codes for the regulatory catalytic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase (idh k/p), and sequences of the 5' flanking region and part or all of the 3' flanking region were determined for 32 strains of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli. in e. coli, the acek gene was 1734 bp long in 13 strains, but in three strains it was 12 bp shorter and the stop codon was taa rather than tga. strains with the shorter acek lacked an open reading frame (f728) downstr ... | 1997 | 9409817 |
| characterisation of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in danish multiresistant salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104. | the presence and genetic content of integrons was investigated in eight salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104 isolates from different pig herds in denmark. two different integrons were identified using pcr and sequencing. each of the integrons carried a single resistance cassette in addition to the sul1 and qace delta 1 genes characteristic of integrons. the first integron encoded the ant (3")-ia gene that specified resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin. the second contained the pse-1 bet ... | 1997 | 9418253 |
| levels of expression and immunogenicity of attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains expressing escherichia coli mutant heat-labile enterotoxin. | the effects of heterologous gene dosage as well as salmonella typhimurium strain variability on immune response toward both the heterologous antigen, the nontoxic mutant of the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin ltk63, and the carrier salmonella strain have been analyzed. effects of a single integration into the host dna and different-copy-number episomal vectors were compared in s. typhimurium delta cya delta crp delta asd strains of two different serotypes, uk-1 and sr-11. expression of ... | 1998 | 9423862 |
| genetic typing methods applied to the differentiation of clonal lines among salmonella enterica serogroup g strains causing human salmonellosis. | in spain, in november 1995, an epidemiological alert recommended the surveillance of salmonella serogroup g. the nine clinical isolates collected after and the four collected before the alert in asturias were differentiated into six clonal lines by the combination of results from hincii ribotyping, pcr ribotyping, and rapd typing using primers named a and s. the seven gumpensis isolates showed identical dna fingerprinting with the four typing procedures falling into a line. six of these were col ... | 1997 | 9453391 |
| prevalence of the "high-pathogenicity island" of yersinia species among escherichia coli strains that are pathogenic to humans. | the fyua-irp gene cluster contributes to the virulence of highly pathogenic yersinia (yersinia pestis, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and yersinia enterocolitica 1b). the cluster encodes an iron uptake system mediated by the siderophore yersiniabactin and reveals features of a pathogenicity island. two evolutionary lineages of this "high pathogenicity island" (hpi) can be distinguished on the basis of dna sequence comparison: a y. pestis group and a y. enterocolitica group. in this study we demons ... | 1998 | 9453599 |
| comparison of the abilities of different attenuated salmonella typhimurium strains to elicit humoral immune responses against a heterologous antigen. | we compared the abilities of different salmonella enterica var. typhimurium (s. typhimurium) strains harboring mutations in the genes aroa, aroad, pura, ompr, htra, and cya crp to present the heterologous antigen, c fragment of tetanus toxin, to the mouse immune system. plasmid ptettac4, encoding c fragment, was transferred into the various s. typhimurium mutants, and the levels of antigen expression were found to be equivalent. after primary oral immunization of balb/c mice, all attenuated stra ... | 1998 | 9453634 |
| identification of a novel core type in salmonella lipopolysaccharide. complete structural analysis of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from salmonella enterica sv. arizonae o62. | for the first time, the complete structure of a lipopolysaccharide (lps) core region from salmonella enterica has been identified that is different from the ra core type generally thought to be present in all salmonella lps. the lpss from two rough mutants and the smooth form of s. enterica sv. arizonae iiia o62, which all failed to react with an ra core type-specific monoclonal antibody and were resistant to phage fo1, were analyzed after chemical modification using monosaccharide analysis, mas ... | 1998 | 9461562 |
| invasion and persistence of salmonella in human fibroblasts positive or negative for endogenous hla b27. | analysis of the interaction of enteropathogenic bacteria with hla b27 transfected murine fibroblasts showed a specific influence of hla b27 on microbial invasiveness. this possible novel mechanism for the action of hla b27 should be verified by using endogenous hla b27 positive and negative human fibroblasts as a model for the direct interaction of arthritogenic bacteria and host cells. | 1997 | 9462170 |
| relationships among the o-antigen gene clusters of salmonella enterica groups b, d1, d2, and d3. | the o antigen is an important cell wall antigen of gram-negative bacteria, and the genes responsible for its biosynthesis are located in a gene cluster. we have cloned and sequenced the dna segment unique to the o-antigen gene cluster of salmonella enterica group d3. this segment includes a novel o-antigen polymerase gene (wzyd3). the polymerase gives alpha(1-->6) linkages but has no detectable sequence similarity to that of group d2, which confers the same linkage. we find the remnant of a d3-l ... | 1998 | 9473060 |
| [the biological activity of the transfer factor induced by bacterial antigens]. | today's statement of transfer factor, an immunostimulator derived from leukocytes which enhances antiinfectious immunity, is observed in the review. basic biological, physical and chemical characteristics of the transfer factor, its possible action mechanisms, and laboratory and clinical methods of use to cure infectious fungal (candida, coccidium), invasive (schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis), viral (varicella zoster, ophthalmic herpes, herpes simplex types 1 and 2, h. zoster, h ... | 1997 | 9480022 |
| a substrate of the centisome 63 type iii protein secretion system of salmonella typhimurium is encoded by a cryptic bacteriophage. | salmonella enterica has evolved a type iii protein secretion system that allows these enteropathogens to translocate effector molecules directly into the host cell cytoplasm. these effectors mediate a variety of responses, including cytoskeletal rearrangements, cytokine production, and in certain cells, the induction of apoptosis. we report here the characterization of a substrate of this secretion system in s. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) that is homologous to the sope ... | 1998 | 9482928 |
| characterization of the nonlamellar cubic and hii structures of lipid a from salmonella enterica serovar minnesota by x-ray diffraction and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. | the aggregate structures of lipid a, the 'endotoxic principle' of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), from rough mutant salmonella enterica sv. minnesota r595 was analyzed at different water content, cation (mg2+) concentration, and temperature applying synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction and, in selected cases, freeze-fracture electron microscopy. the x-ray diffraction spectra prove the existence of different lamellar, mixed lamellar/cubic, various cubic, and inverted hexagonal (hii) struct ... | 1998 | 9488999 |
| distribution of chromosome length variation in natural isolates of escherichia coli. | large-scale variation in chromosome size was analyzed in 35 natural isolates of escherichia coli by physical mapping with a restriction enzyme whose sites are restricted to rdna operons. although the genetic maps and chromosome lengths of the laboratory strains e. coli k12 and salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium lt2 are highly congruent, chromosome lengths among natural strains of e. coli can differ by as much as 1 mb, ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 mb in length. this variation has been generated by mu ... | 1998 | 9491600 |
| characterisation of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in danish multiresistant salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104. | the presence and genetic content of integrons was investigated in eight salmonella enteritica typhimurium dt104 isolates from different pig herds in denmark. two different integrons were identified using pcr and sequencing. each of the integrons carried a single resistance cassette in addition to the sull and qace delta 1 genes characteristic of integrons. the first integron encoded the ant (3")-1a gene that specified resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin. the second contained the pse-1 b ... | 1998 | 9495010 |
| lectin-like activity of escherichia coli k88, salmonella choleraesuis, and bifidobacteria pseudolongum of porcine gastrointestinal origin. | the lectin-like activity of escherichia coli k88, salmonella choleraesuis, and bifidobacteria pseudolongum of porcine gastrointestinal origin was studied by hemagglutination (ha) and ha inhibition assays. although all the bacterial strains were able to agglutinate porcine and lagomorpna erythrocytes, much higher ha titers were consistently observed for b. pseudolongum than for e. coli k88 or s. choleraesuis. proteinaceous components and glycoproteins were responsible for the ha of e. coli k88 an ... | 1998 | 9498365 |
| epidemiology and control of egg-associated salmonella enteritidis in the united states of america. | the isolation rate for salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (se) in humans in the united states of america (usa) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). the proportion of reported salmonella isolates which were se increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. in 1990, 1994, and 1995, se was the most commonly reported reported salmonella serotype in the usa. much of this increase ... | 1997 | 9501367 |
| phylogenetic profiles: a graphical method for detecting genetic recombinations in homologous sequences. | phylogenetic profiles constitute a novel way of graphically displaying the coherence of the sequence relationships over the entire length of a set of aligned homologous sequences. using a sliding-window technique, this method determines the pairwise distances of all sequences in the windows and evaluates, for each sequence, the degree to which the patterns of distances in these regions agree. this method is suited for exploring data consistency as well as detecting recombinant sequences. a compu ... | 1998 | 9501499 |
| the ins and outs of virulence gene expression: mg2+ as a regulatory signal. | the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium faces multiple environments during infection, including different cell types as well as extracellular fluids. we propose that salmonella ascertains its cellular location by assessing the mg2+ concentration of its milieu. a signal transduction system, phop/phoq, signals salmonella its presence in a intracellular (low mg2+) or extracellular (high mg2+) environment, thereby promoting transcription of genes required for s ... | 1998 | 9504051 |
| iron, a novel outer membrane siderophore receptor characteristic of salmonella enterica. | speciation in enterobacteria involved horizontal gene transfer. therefore, analysis of genes acquired by horizontal transfer that are present in one species but not its close relatives is expected to give insights into how new bacterial species were formed. in this study we characterize iron, a gene located downstream of the irobc operon in the iroa locus of salmonella enterica serotype typhi. like irobc, the iron gene is present in all phylogenetic lineages of s. enterica but is absent from clo ... | 1998 | 9515912 |
| structural and immunochemical studies of two cross-reactive proteus mirabilis o-antigens, o6 and o23, containing beta1-->3-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose residues. | a marked serological cross-reactivity was observed by elisa and a precipitation test between anti-proteus mirabilis o23 serum and the lipopolysaccharide as well as the o-specific polysaccharide from the proteus mirabilis strain belonging to serogroup o6. the structures of the o-specific polysaccharides were elucidated using chemical and nmr spectroscopic analyses, and the only common component, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranose (beta-d-glcnac), was revealed, which was suggested to be resp ... | 1998 | 9525774 |
| the assembly system for the lipopolysaccharide r2 core-type of escherichia coli is a hybrid of those found in escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella enterica. structure and function of the r2 waak and waal homologs. | in escherichia coli f632, the 14-kilobase pair chromosomal region located between waac (formerly rfac) and waaa (kdta) contains genes encoding enzymes required for the synthesis of the type r2 core oligosaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharide. ten of the 13 open reading frames encode predicted products sharing greater than 90% total similarity with homologs in e. coli k-12. however, the products of waak (rfak) and waal (rfal) each resemble homologs in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium but ... | 1998 | 9535865 |
| variation of the ribosomal operon 16s-23s gene spacer region in representatives of salmonella enterica subspecies. | the 16s-23s spacer regions of two ribosomal operons (rrna and rrne) have been sequenced in seven representatives of the salmonella enterica subspecies. isolated nucleotide substitutions were found at the same sites as in escherichia coli but the number of polymorphic sites was much larger, as could be expected for a more heterogeneous species. still, as in e. coli, most of the variation found was due to insertions and/or deletions affecting blocks of nucleotides generally located at equivalent r ... | 1998 | 9555898 |
| mosaic structure of the smpb-nrde intergenic region of salmonella enterica. | the salmonella enterica smpb-nrde intergenic region contains about 45 kb of dna that is not present in escherichia coli. this dna region was not introduced by a single horizontal transfer event, but was generated by multiple insertions and/or deletions that gave rise to a mosaic structure in this area of the chromosome. | 1998 | 9555907 |
| phylogenetic relationships of salmonella based on dna sequence comparison of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase. | dna sequences covering 57% of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase were determined for 16 strains of salmonella enterica, two strains of s. bongori, and one strain each of citrobacter freundii and yersinia enterocolitica, and comparison was made with the published escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes sequences. the phylogenetic tree based on maximum-likelihood analysis showed separation of the subspecies of s. enterica except for two serotypes of subspecies ii which were unsuppo ... | 1998 | 9561735 |
| general transducing phages like salmonella phage p22 isolated using a smooth strain of escherichia coli as host. | a smooth colony strain, resistant to phages lambda and p22, was isolated from sewage and identified as escherichia coli (strain h). four temperate phages plaquing on strain h were isolated from sewage. the archetype, hk620, does not plaque on strains c and k12 of e. coli nor on the lt2 strain of salmonella enterica. bacterial mutants resistant to a clear plaque mutant of hk620 produce rough colonies. some are also galactose-negative, a few are histidine auxotrophs, and most show sensitivity to l ... | 1998 | 9561740 |
| national surveillance of poultry diseases in lebanon. | from 1992 to mid-1996, a national survey of poultry diseases in lebanon was conducted. this surveillance included meat breeder, layer breeder, commercial layer and chicken broiler flocks. the history, signs, lesions and laboratory tests of poultry were used in the diagnosis of prevalent poultry diseases. culture techniques were used to screen for bacterial diseases; serological techniques and, to a lesser extent, culture techniques were used to diagnose viral diseases; and both serological and c ... | 1997 | 9567302 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 infections in the united states. | strains of salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial agents have become a worldwide health problem. a distinct strain of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, known as definitive type 104 (dt104), is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline and has become a major cause of illness in humans and animals in europe, especially the united kingdom. | 1998 | 9571252 |
| multidrug resistance--a sign of the times. | 1998 | 9571260 | |
| a mixed culture recovery method indicates that enteric bacteria do not enter the viable but nonculturable state. | a new method, called the mixed culture recovery (mcr) method, has been developed to determine whether recovery of culturable bacterial cells from a population of largely nonculturable cells is due to resuscitation of the nonculturable cells from a viable but nonculturable state or simply to growth of residual culturable cells. the mcr method addresses this issue in that it involves the mixing of two easily distinguishable strains (e.g., lactose positive and negative) in such a way that large num ... | 1998 | 9572945 |
| differential early interactions between salmonella enterica serovar typhi and two other pathogenic salmonella serovars with intestinal epithelial cells. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (hereafter referred to as s. typhi) is a host-restricted pathogen that adheres to and invades the distal ileum and subsequently disseminates to cause typhoid fever in humans. however, s. typhi appears to be avirulent in small animals. in contrast, other pathogenic salmonellae, such as s. enterica serovars typhimurium and dublin (s. typhimurium and s. dublin, respectively), typically cause localized gastroenteritis in humans but have been used as models for typho ... | 1998 | 9573122 |
| biosynthesis of escherichia coli o9 polysaccharide and its evolution. | 1998 | 9575544 | |
| tetracycline resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. | the 47-kbp plasmid pgft1 from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin mediated tetracycline resistance via a tet(a) gene located on an integrated copy of a tn1721-analogous transposon. the integration site of the transposon was located within the reading frame of a fip gene. plasmid pgft1 was shown to be conjugative and to be able to replicate and express tetracycline resistance in escherichia coli. | 1998 | 9593170 |
| variants of smooth salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grow to higher cell density than the wild type are more virulent. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grows to a higher cell density (se-hcd) than wild type while retaining o-chain lipopolysaccharide was isolated by transforming wild type serovar enteritidis with the cell density sensor plasmid psb402 and selecting for bioluminescence. a luminescent strain, se-hcd, that emitted light in proportion with cell density and opacity through stationary phase was isolated. after a peak cell density of 1.5 x 10(11) cfu/ml was observed, luminescence decreased, ... | 1998 | 9603830 |
| herd size and sero-prevalence of salmonella enterica in danish swine herds: a random-effects model for register data. | the association between herd size and sero-prevalence of salmonella was assessed in a random-effects model with herd size, county and date of slaughter as fixed effects. a total of 510,915 meat-juice samples from 14,593 herds located in 13 counties in denmark was included in the study. a random-effects model was developed from separate models for smaller strata of data from herds with approximately equal sizes. the combined model was analysed and the results reported. herd size was positively as ... | 1998 | 9604267 |
| stability and bactericidal activity of chlorine solutions. | to determine the stability of sodium hypochlorite (diluted household bleach) when stored for 30 days in various types of containers and to determine the efficacy of low concentrations of free available chlorine to inactivate test bacteria. | 1998 | 9613692 |
| suitability of repetitive-dna-sequence-based pcr fingerprinting for characterizing epidemic isolates of salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul. | three molecular typing methods, repetitive-sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) fingerprinting, plasmid profiling, and arbitrarily primed pcr fingerprinting, were used to characterize isolates of salmonella enterica serovar saintpaul. most of the isolates were obtained from epidemic human cases of food-borne salmonellosis, together with some from the food material suspected to be the source of infection, and a few were obtained from other cases apparently not related to the epidemic. all three methods a ... | 1998 | 9620375 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strains isolated in hong kong from 1986 to 1996. | the incidence of salmonellosis has been increasing in hong kong since 1989. the most common salmonella enterica serotype isolated in 1994 was s. enteritidis. the antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of 275 s. enteritidis strains isolated in this locality between 1986 and 1996 were studied. over 99% of the isolates were susceptible to 17 of the 19 antimicrobial agents tested. one isolate harbored an autotransferring plasmid that confers resistance to tetracycline and trimetho ... | 1998 | 9620402 |
| molecular fingerprinting of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi. | for epidemiologic investigations, the primary subdivision of salmonella typhi is vi-phage typing; 106 vi-phage types are defined. for multidrug-resistant strains the most common types have been m1 (pakistan) and e1 (india, pakistan, bangladesh, and the arabian gulf); a strain untypable with the vi phages has been responsible for a major epidemic in tajikistan. most often, isolates from the indian subcontinent have been resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracy ... | 1998 | 9621206 |
| multicellular and aggregative behaviour of salmonella typhimurium strains is controlled by mutations in the agfd promoter. | a colony morphology type is described in which cells of salmonella typhimurium form a rigid multicellular network with expression of thin aggregative fimbriae that mediate tight intercellular bonds. surface translocation of cells on plates and adherence to glass and polystyrene surfaces in biofilm assays are further characteristics of the morphotype. this morphotype (rdar) is normally expressed only at low temperature. however, in two unrelated s. typhimurium strains, spontaneous mutants were fo ... | 1998 | 9622351 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar: evaluation and application of different typing methods. | a highly discriminatory molecular typing system for isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar hadar was developed based on the data obtained from 34 epidemiologically unrelated s. hadar isolates from germany and brazil. plasmid profile analysis and macrorestriction analysis with the enzymes xbai, spei and blni represented the most discriminative typing methods. in contrast, ribotyping as performed with a gene probe that recognized the entire rrn operon did not reveal any diffe ... | 1998 | 9631533 |