Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| 5'-conformation of capped alfalfa mosaic virus ribonucleic acid 4 may reflect its independence of the cap structure or of cap-binding protein for efficient translation. | most eukaryotic mrnas are characterized by the presence of a 5'-terminal cap structure (m7gpppn), and removal of the cap or translation of capped mrnas in the presence of cap analogues (m7g) results in most cases in a significant decrease in the translational efficiency of the mrnas. one way of explaining the importance of the 5'-cap is that cap-binding proteins recognize the cap structure, destabilize the mrna secondary structure, and thus allow the 40s ribosomal subunit to bind to the mrna [so ... | 1983 | 6317016 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against avian myeloblastosis virus. | hybridomas were prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0 with lymphocytes from mice immunized with avian myeloblastosis virus (amv). the specificity of each monoclonal antibody was characterized by radioimmunoassay (ria) using purified viral core proteins, immunoprecipitation of radioactively labeled virus (35s-methionine-labeled amv, 125j-labeled amv) and immunoblotting. one monoclonal antibody (ic11) which is of igg1 subclass, and two other monoclonal antibodies (if9 and ib8), both ... | 1983 | 6318135 |
| computer-aided nucleic acid secondary structure modeling incorporating enzymatic digestion data. | we present a computer-aided method for determining nucleic acid secondary structure. the method utilizes a program which has the capability to filter matrix diagonal data on the basis of diagonal length, stabilization energy, and chemical and enzymatic data. the program also allows the user to assign selected regions of the structure as uniquely single-stranded or paired, and to filter out "trade-off" structures on the basis of such pairing. in order to demonstrate the utility of the program we ... | 1984 | 6320093 |
| candidate products of avian myeloblastosis virus oncogene region produced by in vitro translation of genomic rna. | avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) genomic rna was translated in vitro to identify the amv transforming gene (myb) product(s). full-length rna yielded, in addition to the expected pr76gag, a gag-related product of 92,000 daltons which did not appear to be a gag-oncogene fusion protein. subgenomic amv rna in vitro translation, nonstructural products (specific for amv) were of 54,000, 49,000 and 34,000 daltons. based on their sizes and similar peptide maps for the smaller two proteins, it is propose ... | 1984 | 6321391 |
| regional assignment of human protooncogene c-myb to 6q21----qter. | using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing different parts of chromosome 6 and a dna probe of the oncogene (v-myb) of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), we regionally mapped by southern blot techniques the human cellular myb (c-myb) protooncogene to 6q21----qter. | 1984 | 6322357 |
| amphiphilic properties of the avian myeloblastosis virus major glycoprotein, gp 80. | the major glycoprotein (gp 80) from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) displays significant lipophilic properties, as shown by its strong interactions with acetylated uncharged decylamino agarose in hydrophobic chromatography. in effect, release from binding was achieved only by the added presence of a polarity reducing agent (ethylene glycol) and the strong anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate. the hydrophobic behavior of the glycoprotein, coupled to the high content of hydrophilic carbohydra ... | 1983 | 6323497 |
| subcellular localization of proteins encoded by oncogenes of avian myeloblastosis virus and avian leukemia virus e26 and by chicken c-myb gene. | analysis of the subcellular location of the proteins encoded by the oncogenes of avian myeloblastosis virus and avian leukemia virus e26 ( p45v -myb and p135gag -myb-ets, respectively) and by the chicken c-myb gene ( p75c -myb) shows that all three proteins are located in the nucleus. in amv-infected (but not transformed) chicken fibroblasts p45v -myb also resides in the nucleus, indicating that a nuclear location of p45v -myb in these cells is not sufficient to achieve transformation. in amv-tr ... | 1984 | 6327074 |
| rna-protein interactions in some small plant viruses. | the structure of the three quasi-equivalent protein subunits a, b and c of the spherical, t = 3 southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv) have been carefully built in accordance with a refined electron density map of the complete virus. the lower electron density in the rna portion of the map could not be explicitly interpreted in terms of a preferred rna structure on which some icosahedral symmetry might have been imposed. however, the extremely basic nature of the interior surface of the coat protein ... | 1983 | 6401119 |
| coat protein binding sites on rna 1 of alfalfa mosaic virus. | the largest genome segment, rna 1, of alfalfa mosaic virus forms complexes with viral coat protein. these complexes were subjected to digestion with ribonucleases t1 or a and filtered onto millipore filters. specific fragments were collected from the filters by phenol extraction. after electrophoretic separation in denaturing polyacrylamide gels, these fragments were sequenced. besides extracistronic fragments originating from the 3'-terminal region of rna 1, fragments were found originating fro ... | 1983 | 6404055 |
| chromosomal localization of the human proto-oncogene c-ets. | e26 is an acute leukaemia avian retrovirus which induces myeloblastosis and erythroblastosis in vivo and transforms erythroblasts and myeloblasts in vitro. it contains the oncogene v-myb (ref. 4), first described for avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), as well as a second specific nucleotide sequence, v-ets located 3' to v-myb (refs 5,6). we have reported that v-ets has a cellular counterpart (c-ets) in chicken and human dna. now, using two independent methods--hybridization with human c-ets probe ... | 1984 | 6462246 |
| la crosse virions contain a primer-stimulated rna polymerase and a methylated cap-dependent endonuclease. | purified la crosse virions in vitro were found to transcribe their negative polarity (-)rna genomes. this polymerase activity was stimulated by oligonucleotides such as (a)ng, cap analogs such as m7gpppam, and natural mrnas such as alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4. for (a)ng- and alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4-stimulated reactions, evidence is presented that these rnas stimulate activity by acting as primers for viral transcription. the cap analogs appear to stimulate activity via an alternative mechanism ... | 1984 | 6481853 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco streak virus rna 3. | double-stranded cdna of in vitro polyadenylated tobacco streak virus (tsv) rna 3 has been cloned and sequenced. the complete primary structure of 2,205 nucleotides reveals two open reading frames flanked by a leader sequence of 210 bases, an intercistronic region of 123 nucleotides and a 3'-extracistronic sequence of 288 nucleotides. the 5'-terminal open reading frame codes for a mr 31,742 protein, which probably corresponds to the only in vitro translation product of tsv rna 3. the 3'-terminal ... | 1984 | 6546793 |
| nucleotide sequence of cucumber-mosaic-virus rna 2 reveals a translation product significantly homologous to corresponding proteins of other viruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the 3035 residues of rna 2 (mr 1.03 x 10(6) ) of the q strain of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) was determined by sequencing m13 clones of the rna 2 cdna and by dideoxy sequencing using primers prepared either from m13 clones or by chemical synthesis. a single long open reading frame starts at the second aug from the 5' end of rna 2 and encodes 839 amino acids (mr 94333). this frame has flanking regions of 92 nucleotides at the 5' terminus and 423 nucleotides at the 3' te ... | 1984 | 6547906 |
| striking similarities in amino acid sequence among nonstructural proteins encoded by rna viruses that have dissimilar genomic organization. | the plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and brome mosaic virus (bmv) each divide their genetic information among three rnas while tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) contains a single genomic rna. amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the single proteins encoded by amv rna 1 and bmv rna 1 and by amv rna 2 and bmv rna 2 are related to the nh2-terminal two-thirds and the cooh-terminal one-third, respectively, of the largest protein encoded by tmv. separating these two domains in the tmv rna seq ... | 1984 | 6611550 |
| structure of the top a-t component of alfalfa mosaic virus. a non-icosahedral virion. | neutron-scattering in combination with quasi-elastic light-scattering and electron microscopy was used to derive a model for the capsid structure of the top a-t component of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv-ta-t). in the electron microscope, amv-ta-t appears as an irregular ellipsoidal particle with apparent dimensions 275 (+/- 31) a x 225 (+/- 22) a. assuming that the particles are monodisperse, model calculations show that the neutron-scattering data are best explained by an oblate ellipsoidal shape ... | 1983 | 6655690 |
| solution scattering study on the structure of alfalfa mosaic virus strain vru. | neutron-scattering with contrast variation has been used to derive a model for the radial distribution of protein and rna in the vru strain of alfalfa mosaic virus. the rna is distributed uniformly throughout the interior of the capsid up to a radius of 65 a and the protein coat extends from 65 to 100 a. it was found necessary to distinguish between two regions within the protein coat: one with mainly hydrophobic amino acids and another with more hydrophylic amino acids. only a very small part o ... | 1983 | 6655691 |
| translational stability of plant viral rnas microinjected into living cells. influence of a 3'-poly(a) segment. | three different alternative structural features have been shown to be present at the 3' terminus of plant viral rnas: (a) a poly(a) track, (b) a trna-like structure, (c) no special structural or sequence characteristic. we have compared the translational stability after injection into frog oocytes of a representative of each type: (a) the small genomic rna (m-rna) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), (b) the subgenomic mrna for coat protein (rna 4) of brome mosaic virus (bmv), (c) the subgenomic mrna ... | 1983 | 6681761 |
| preferential binding of 3'-terminal fragments of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 to virions. | 3'-terminal fragments present in a partial ribonuclease t1 digest of rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus were selectively bound to virions of the same virus by incubation in 10 mm sodium phosphate and 1 mm edta, ph 7.0. the virions with the associated fragments were separated from the remainder of the digest by velocity gradient centrifugation. when the incubation was performed in 27.7 mm na2hpo4 and 6.2 mm citric acid, ph 6.8, plus 10% glycerol, much more, but less specific, binding was obtained. how ... | 1980 | 6778502 |
| protein binding sites in nucleation complexes of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4. | the subgenomic coat protein messenger rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus forms complexes with one and three coat protein dimers, which are designated complexes i and iii, respectively. these complexes were separated, subjected to digestion with ribonuclease t1, and filtered onto millipore filters. phenol extracts of the filters contained specific fragments of rna 4, which were sequenced after electrophoretic separation on nondenaturing and denaturing polyacrylamide gels. complex i yielded only a 68-n ... | 1982 | 6810924 |
| disintegration of retroviruses by chelating agents. | exposure in vitro of various mammalian retroviruses to the chelating agents edta or egta in millimolar concentrations resulted in partial disintegration of viral membranes as measured by accessibility or even release of reverse transcriptase, an internal viral protein, without any other treatment usually required. among the viruses responding to chelators were mammalian type c viruses, primate type d viruses and bovine leukemia virus. the effect was dose-dependent. the avian type c virus amv, ho ... | 1982 | 6816193 |
| structure of the 5'-terminal untranslated region of the genomic rnas from two strains of alfalfa mosaic virus. | we report the sequences of the 5'-terminal regions of the 3 alfalfa mosaic virus genomic rnas for the strasbourg strain (almv-s) and for a new isolate, almv-b; they are compared to similar data obtained by koper-zwarthoff et al. (nucleic acids res. 1980, 8, 5635-5647) for strain 425. the structure of these leaders is highly conserved in rnas 1 and 2. the length of the leader is 102, 100 and 101 nucleotides in rna1 for strains s, b and 425 respectively; 55 and 56 in rna2 for strains s and b respe ... | 1983 | 6856476 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus rna3. | a full-length cdna clone of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna3 was prepared and sequenced. the 2,037 base sequence contains two open reading frames of 903 and 666 nucleotides that code for a 32,400 dalton protein (32.4k protein) and the 24,380 dalton coat protein, respectively. a 5'-noncoding sequence of 240 bases preceeding the 32.4k protein contains homologous regions that may have a function in its translation. the intercistronic junction is 49 bases long, the last 36 bases representing the 5'-e ... | 1983 | 6856479 |
| inhibition of alfalfa mosaic virus rna and protein synthesis by actinomycin d and cycloheximide. | actinomycin d, added early after inoculation, reduces the production of infectious alfalfa mosaic virus in cowpea protoplasts by 90%. this reduction was associated with an inhibition of viral minus-strand and plus-strand rna synthesis, suggesting the involvement of host factors in these processes. coat protein production was less affected by the drug. addition of cycloheximide throughout the growth cycle resulted in an immediate cessation of coat protein production and an enhanced degradation of ... | 1983 | 6857995 |
| structure of a t = 1 aggregate of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein seen at 4.5 a resolution. | a t = 1 empty aggregate of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein had been crystallized in a hexagonal unit cell and its orientation was determined with the rotation function. a single heavy-atom derivative has now been prepared and the position of the two hg atoms per protein subunit were determined using a systematic patterson search procedure, given the particle orientation. phases, initially determined by single isomorphous replacement, were refined by six cycles of electron density averaging and ... | 1983 | 6876169 |
| sites of heavy atom substitution in alfalfa mosaic virus crystals. | 1983 | 6876170 | |
| nucleotide sequences at the 5'-termini of the alfalfa mosaic virus rnas and the intercistronic junction in rna 3. | nucleotide sequences at the 5'-termini of the alfalfa mosaic virus genomic rnas and the intercistronic junction in rna 3 were deduced and compared to identify possible common recognition signals for replicating enzymes in the corresponding minus-stranded viral rnas. homology between the 5'-terminal sequences is less than 11 nucleotides and no complementarity with the homologous sequence occurring at the 3'-end of the viral rnas was observed. homology between the 5'-terminus and intercistronic re ... | 1980 | 6927843 |
| differential expression of the amv gene in human hematopoietic cells. | total cellular rnas from a variety of fresh and culture-derived human hematopoietic neoplastic cell types at various stages of differentiation and human sarcoma, carcinoma, melanoma, and glioblastoma cell lines were enriched for poly(a)- containing sequences, fractionated by gel electrophoresis, and blot hybridized to a cloned dna probe containing the transforming sequences (v-amv) of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), a virus known to cause myeloid leukemias in chickens. expression of rna sequen ... | 1982 | 6954533 |
| levels of colony-stimulating and inhibiting activities in chicks with myeloblastic leukemia are related to disease progression. | chicks with myeloblastic leukemia induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) exhibited increased levels of plasma granulocyte/monocyte (gm) colony-stimulating activity (csa). chromatography of plasma from amv-infected chicks revealed that this csa eluted in the first protein peak from a column of sephadex g-200. a second protein peak from the same column contained an inhibitor of gm colony-formation. the presence of the inhibitor and the increased csa was studied during the development of myelo ... | 1982 | 6978259 |
| phenylglyoxal as a template site-specific reagent for dna and rna polymerases. selective inhibition of initiation. | phenylglyoxal, an arginine-specific reagent, strongly inhibits dna polymerases isolated from eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and rna tumor viral sources as well as escherichia coli rna polymerase. the inhibitory action of phenylglyoxal appears to be due to interference with the template binding function of these enzymes and implies the presence of an arginine residue at the template binding site of these enzymes from diverse sources and suggests that template dependent dna, and perhaps rna polymerases, ... | 1980 | 6985908 |
| recombinant plasmids containing avian vitellogenin structural gene sequences derived from complementary dna. | purified mrna coding for chicken vitellogenin, a precursor of egg yolk proteins, was transcribed to complementary dna (cdnavit) with avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptase. double-stranded cdna was synthesized with escherichia coli dna polymerase i (fragment a) using the self priming ability of the cdna. following s1 nuclease digestion the double-stranded cdna was inserted into the hind iii site of plasmid pbr322 using the poly(da) . poly(dt) tailing method, and the hybrid molecu ... | 1980 | 6986172 |
| improved elisa conditions for detection of plant viruses. | clover yellow vein virus (cyvv) and homologous antisera were used to test effects of time and temperature on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in polystyrene substrate plates. replicated lattice square and youden square experimental designs were used to measure and account for variation in absorption values associated with sample position within polystyrene plates. adsorption of coating antibody to polystyrene was relatively rapid, reaching optimum assay efficiency in 1 h at 5 degrees c ... | 1981 | 7021575 |
| alterations of the conformation of the rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus upon binding of a few coat protein molecules. | structural changes in the single-stranded genome rnas (rnas 1, 2 and 3) and the subgenomic coat protein messenger (rna 4) of alfalfa mosaic virus upon addition of a few coat protein molecules of the virus were investigated by measuring the fluorescent intensity of bound ethidium bromide and by circular dichroism. no effect could be observed in the case of the genome rnas. however, in rna 4, which is of much less complexity than the genome rnas, a reduction of the ethidium bromide binding by 30% ... | 1982 | 7066325 |
| isolation and characterization of retrovirus-like elements from normal human fetuses. | retrovirus-like particles have been isolated from normal fetal human plasma and from different embryonic organs collected from late first-trimester fetuses. the majority of the virus-like particles banded at a density region of of 1.19-1.22 g/ml, although lighter particles having a density of 1.15-1.17 g/ml were observed in some fetal tissues. the particles appeared similar to retroviruses when viewed electron-microscopically. they contained reverse transcriptase (rt) which accepted oligo (dg)-p ... | 1982 | 7129678 |
| translational competition between related virus rna species in cell-free systems. | the competition between the rnas from two tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) strains for translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ cell-free systems was investigated. the virus translational products were distinguished by the size difference of the i2 polypeptides. the rnas of the two strains were translated simultaneously if added to the translation system together at the beginning of the reaction. each of the tmv rnas could inhibit translation of the other when the reaction was initiate ... | 1982 | 7142974 |
| binding of ribosomes to the 5' leader sequence (n = 258) of rna 3 from alfalfa mosaic virus. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) contains information for two genes: near the 5' end an active gene coding for a 35 kd protein and, near the 3' end, a silent gene coding for viral coat protein. we have determined a sequence of 318 nucleotides which contains the potential initiation codon for the 35 kd protein at 258 nucleotides from the 5' end. this long leader sequence can form initiation complexes containing three 80 s ribosomes. a shorter species of rna, corresponding to a molecule of rna ... | 1981 | 7232211 |
| an investigation of the structure of alfalfa mosaic virus by small-angle neutron scattering. | 1981 | 7265211 | |
| an electron microscopic investigation of the structure of alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1981 | 7265214 | |
| effects of ethylating agents on dna synthesis in vitro: implications for the mechanism of carcinogenesis. | a highly carcinogenic ethylating agent, ethylnitrosourea (enu), and a weakly carcinogenic one, diethylsulfate (des) react with dna to roughly the same extent but des produces about 6 times as many unstable ethylated bases, which are gradually lost spontaneously under physiological conditions. the different rates of loss for the different dna bases have been studied using polydeoxyribonucleotides. spontaneous strand breakage following base loss is slow, lagging more than a week behind base loss a ... | 1981 | 7273319 |
| [dna polymerase in the microsomal fraction of the myeloblasts of chickens infected with avian myeloblastosis virus]. | only one dna polymerase is present in the microsomal fraction of the cells producing amv. chromatographically purified enzyme shows the properties of revertase, that is it transcribes in dna the information encoded in natural rna. the enzyme possesses identical chromatographic characteristics and the same template specificity as the enzyme isolated from pure amv virus. thus the virus enzyme and the cellular dna polymerase from the microsomal fraction cannot be differentiated on the basis of cert ... | 1980 | 7293688 |
| crystallization of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein as a t = 1 aggregate. | 1981 | 7299819 | |
| sequence homology at the 3'-termini of the four rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1980 | 7353626 | |
| application of band centrifugation to the study of the assembly of alfalfa mosaic virus. | 1980 | 7357070 | |
| complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4. | alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4, the subgenomic messenger for viral coat protein, was partially digested with rnase t1 or rnase a and the sequence of a number of fragments was deduced by in vitro labeling with polynucleotide kinase and application of rna sequencing techniques. from overlapping fragments, the complete primary sequence of the 881 nucleotides of rna 4 was constructed: the coding region of 660 nucleotides (not including the initiation and termination codon) is flanked by a 5' noncoding r ... | 1980 | 7433090 |
| complexes of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 with one and three coat protein dimers. | rna 4, the subgenomic coat protein messenger of alfalfa mosaic virus, was loaded with small amounts of coat protein in a reaction in which complete virions were the protein donor. in such a reaction the protein subunits attach to the high-affinity binding sites near the 3' end of rna 4 [houwing, c. j., & jaspars, e. m. j. (1978) biochemistry 17, 2927-2933]. at a ratio of up to 13 coat protein subunits to 1 mol of rna 4, complexes with one and three protein dimers, designated complex i and comple ... | 1980 | 7448167 |
| interaction between rna-dependent rna polymerase of alfalfa mosaic virus and its template: oxidation of vicinal hydroxyl groups blocks in vitro rna synthesis. | in the life cycle of a (+)-strand rna plant virus the processes of template rna recognition and initiation of the synthesis of a complementary strand by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) are crucial early steps. using a template-dependent in vitro rna synthesizing system of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) we were able to study the effect of small chemical modifications of the 3' end of the template rnas on product formation. after oxidation of the 3'-terminal nucleoside of the template n ... | 1995 | 7491788 |
| poly a-linked colorimetric microtiter plate assay for hiv reverse transcriptase. | an assay for detection of the reverse transcriptase (rt) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was developed using poly a linked to microtiter plate with colorimetric detection of incorporated biotin deoxyuridine triphosphate (biotin-dutp). during the rt reaction, biotin-dutp was incorporated into oligodeoxythymidylic acid (oligo-dt) which had been hybridized with poly a. at the detection step, horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin was added, followed by the reaction of a colorimetr ... | 1993 | 7505283 |
| photochemical sterilization of 3sr reactions. | the self-sustained sequence replication (3sr) reaction is an extremely efficient method for amplifying target dna and rna sequences that may be present in minute quantities. a serious problem often encountered in its practice is carryover contamination from products of previous 3sr reactions. a postamplification treatment of 3sr reaction products with the photoactive agent 4'-aminomethyl-4,5-dimethylisopsoralen (ip-10) was investigated as an approach for preventing carryover contamination by 3sr ... | 1993 | 7509679 |
| a coupled one-step reverse transcription pcr procedure for generation of full-length open reading frames. | a one-step (all reactants added simultaneously) reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure for amplification of full-length open reading frames (orfs) of relatively rare transcripts was developed. it was applied for cloning rat luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor cdna isoforms larger than two kb. in the procedure developed, manual work is minimized, thus large numbers of samples can be handled, since after denaturation of template rna and the primers a ... | 1994 | 7514006 |
| in vitro translation of fractionated virus-specific rna isolated from plasma of chicken infected by avian myeloblastosis virus. unprocessed and processed myeloblastosis-associated virus env-polypeptide precursors. | the 60 s viral rna complex isolated from leukaemic plasma of chicken infected by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) was denatured, the poly(a)-rna selected and centrifuged in a linear sucrose density gradient. rna from each fraction was translated in vitro and the products were analyzed by slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). unprocessed primary translation product (p64env) of mav env gene from 21 s rna fraction was immunoprecipitated by anti-gp85 serum. if, however, this rna was transl ... | 1993 | 7516622 |
| development of an assay that detects transcriptionally competent human immunodeficiency virus type one particles. | to study the functional properties of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) from intact viral particles without the requirement for tissue culture expansion, a method that couples hiv-1 reverse transcription utilizing its endogenous rt (ert) with polymerase chain reaction amplification (pcr) was developed. detection of endogenous reverse transcripts from hiv particles by ert-pcr was compared to hiv rna pcr detection using avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) rt from plasma samples from 45 hiv-1 infected ... | 1994 | 7519626 |
| quantitative analysis of rna cleavage during rna-directed dna synthesis by human immunodeficiency and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptases. | we have determined the extent of rna cleavage carried out during dna synthesis by either human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptases (rts). conditions were chosen that allowed the analysis of the cleavage and synthesis performed by the rt during one binding event on a given template-primer. the maximum quantity of ribonuclease h (rnase h) sensitive template rna left after synthesis by the rts was determined by treatment with escherichia coli rnas ... | 1994 | 7524028 |
| antisense 2'-o-alkyl oligoribonucleotides are efficient inhibitors of reverse transcription. | reverse transcription is one step of the retroviral development which can be inhibited by antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the rna template. 2'-o-alkyl oligoribonucleotides are of interest due to their nuclease resistance, and to the high stability of the hybrids they form with rna. oligonucleotides, either fully or partly modified with 2'-o-alkyl residues, were targeted to an rna template to prevent cdna synthesis by the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (amv rt). full ... | 1995 | 7532858 |
| fidelity of nucleic acid amplification with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and t7 rna polymerase. | the nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) process involves alternate steps of dna synthesis from an rna template and rna synthesis from a dna template, using avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptase and t7 rna polymerase, respectively. the overall fidelity of the amplification process was determined by sequence analysis of cloned dna products of nasba reactions. an error frequency of less than 0.3% was observed in cloned dna products from two different segments of the h ... | 1994 | 7532977 |
| continuous rt-pcr using amv-rt and taq dna polymerase: characterization and comparison to uncoupled procedures. | a continuous reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure was designed with all reaction components included in a single tube prior to thermal cycling. this procedure was compared to uncoupled rt-pcr procedures wherein the addition of reagents was separated. in the latter, in particular, conditions for reverse-primer annealing and cdna synthesis were investigated. the two rt-pcr approaches were compared in the detection of singly spliced and multiply spliced human immunodef ... | 1995 | 7541215 |
| 2'-fluoropolynucleotide-directed reverse transcriptase reactions. effect of homologous polynucleotides. | several homologous polynucleotides have been tested as inhibitors on the reactions catalyzed by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptase, in the presence of polyribonucleotides and 2'-fluorinated polynucleotides as templates. polynucleotides differentially inhibited the reactions catalyzed by reverse transcriptase in the presence of these synthetic templates. polyriboadenylic acid (poly(ra), poly(2'-o-methyladenylic acid) (poly(am)), poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenylic acid) (poly(dafl ... | 1995 | 7542323 |
| high-affinity ssdna inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus. | the reverse transcriptase (rt) of hiv-1 is a plausible target for therapeutic agents aimed at inhibiting propagation of the virus. we have used "irrational drug design", that is, combinatorial chemistry with oligonucleotide libraries, to identify high-affinity ligands aimed at hiv-1 rt. the methodology, termed selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), was employed with a single-stranded dna library. the selected ssdna ligands bind hiv-1 rt with kd values as low as 1 nm a ... | 1995 | 7542922 |
| reverse transcriptase and substrate dependence of the rna hypermutagenesis reaction. | g-->a hypermutation is a remarkable phenomenon resulting from retroviral reverse transcription in the presence of highly biased dntp concentrations. of the three reverse transcriptases (rtases) available, those of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and moloney murine leukemia virus (momlv), the hiv-1 enzyme showed the greatest sensitivity to biased [dctp]/[dttp] ratios. the hiv-1 rtase was able to discriminate between dutp, ditp and the four dna precurs ... | 1995 | 7544458 |
| comparable sensitivities for detection of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) and other polymerases by rt assays requiring no radioisotopic materials. | an improved non-radioisotopic (non-ri) reverse transcriptase (rt) assay with a template-primer-immobilized microtiter plate is described, which has greater sensitivity than the former non-ri rt assay previously described. non-ri and commercially available non-radioactive (non-ra) rt assays were compared for their ability to detect various polymerases. two rts from rous-associated virus 2 (rav-2) and avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), one polymerase from escherichia coli (pol-i) and one recombinan ... | 1995 | 7545693 |
| rna duplex unwinding activity of alfalfa mosaic virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) purified from alfalfa mosaic virus-infected tobacco is capable of synthesizing in vitro full-size rnas of minus and plus polarities. however, the enzyme is not able to perform a complete replication cycle in vitro. the products were found to be completely base-paired to their templates. the enzyme was able to use double-stranded rna as a template for rna synthesis if it could initiate from a single-stranded promoter. the inability (of most) of our enzyme pr ... | 1995 | 7556595 |
| high-affinity rna-binding domains of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein are not required for coat protein-mediated resistance. | a virus-based vector was used for the transient expression of the alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein (cp) gene in protoplasts and plants. the accumulation of wild-type cp conferred strong protection against subsequent alfalfa mosaic virus infection, enabling the efficacy of cp mutants to be determined without developing transgenic plants. expression of the cp mrna alone without cp accumulation conferred weaker protection against infection. the activity of the n-terminal mutant cps in protection d ... | 1995 | 7568056 |
| characterization of sequences controlling the synthesis of alfalfa mosaic virus subgenomic rna in vivo. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus encodes the movement protein p3 and the viral coat protein (cp). cp is translated from a subgenomic (sg) messenger, rna 4. to characterize the sg promoter that is responsible for rna 4 synthesis in vivo, putative sg promoter sequences were inserted in a unique xhol site located between the initiation codon of the p3 gene and a second in-frame atg codon in an infectious cdna clone of rna 3. mutants with an active sg promoter insert expressed an n-terminally truncated ... | 1995 | 7571436 |
| mrnas containing the unstructured 5' leader sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 translate inefficiently in lysates from poliovirus-infected hela cells. | poliovirus infection is accompanied by translational control that precludes translation of 5'-capped mrnas and facilitates translation of the uncapped poliovirus rna by an internal initiation mechanism. previous reports have suggested that the capped alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein mrna (aimv cp rna), which contains an unstructured 5' leader sequence, is unusual in being functionally active in extracts prepared from poliovirus-infected hela cells (pi-extracts). to identify the cis-acting nucle ... | 1995 | 7609069 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic virus rna-3. | the complete nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic ilarvirus (apmv) rna-3 has been determined from cloned viral cdnas. the 5' terminus of rna-3 was determined by direct rna sequencing, while the 3' end was determined by polyadenylation of genomic rna and sub-cloning using oligo dt. apmv rna-3 is 2056 bases in length and encodes at least two open reading frames. it is similar in size and genome organization to the rna-3 of other members of the bromoviridae, which includes ilarviruses. the cp gene i ... | 1995 | 7646355 |
| colorimetric reverse transcriptase assay for hiv-1. | a colorimetric assay for reverse transcriptase (rt) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was developed using a double labelled (biotin and digoxigenin) deoxyuridine triphosphate mixture instead of tritiated thymidine triphosphate. after the rt reaction, the newly polymerized strand from oligodeoxythymidylic acid (oligo-dt) contained both biotin and digoxigenin labels. this nucleotide was bound to streptavidin-magnetic beads by the reaction to biotin. at the detection step, an alkal ... | 1993 | 7679395 |
| inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity by extracts of cultured blue-green algae (cyanophyta). | lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of over 900 strains of cultured blue-green algae (cyanophyta) were examined in vitro for their ability to inhibit the reverse transcriptases (rt) of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1). eighteen (2.0%) aqueous extracts showed activity against amv and hiv rts. the maximal level of rt inhibition achieved by some of the active extracts was equivalent to that measured for 3'-azido-2',3'-di-deoxythymidine (azt) at 668 n ... | 1993 | 7683817 |
| [reverse transcriptase of the human immunodeficiency virus: isolation and substrate specificity]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-i) reverse transcriptase was expressed in e. coli and purified to homogeneity (e. coli strain rri (prc-rt, prk 248cits)). we have investigated the substrate properties toward to dna synthesis, catalyzed by this enzyme, of some nucleoside-5'-triphosphate analogues, previously studied in the same reactions, catalyzed by amv and m-mlv reverse transcriptases. we have investigated substrate properties of new analogues of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro- and 2',3'-dideo ... | 1993 | 7686251 |
| modified nucleoside 5'-triphosphates containing 2',3'-fused three-membered rings as substrates for different dna polymerases. | 5'-triphosphates of 1-(2',3'-epithio-2',3'-dideoxy-beta-d- lyxofuranosyl)thymine, 1-(2',3'-epithio-2',3'-dideoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)thymine and 2',3'-lyxoanhydrothymidine have been shown to be termination substrates for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptases as well as dna polymerase i from e. coli and dna polymerase beta from rat liver. at the same time they do not terminate dna synthesis catalysed by dna polymerase epsilon from human pl ... | 1993 | 7687565 |
| rnase h activity of reverse transcriptases on substrates derived from the 5' end of retroviral genome. | rna/dna substrates derived from the 5' ends of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and moloney murine leukemia virus (mmulv) genomes were used to study the specificity of the rnase h activities of hiv, amv (avian myeloblastosis virus), and mmulv reverse transcriptases. these substrates were selected because they represent the site for the first template switch during proviral dna synthesis. variability of cleavage was observed depending on the origin of the enzyme as well as the sequence of the r ... | 1993 | 7688365 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by colorimetric assay for reverse transcriptase activity on magnetic beads. | a colorimetric assay for detection of reverse transcriptase (rt) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was developed using oligodeoxythymidylic acid (oligo-dt)-linked magnetic beads and digoxigenin-deoxyuridine triphosphate (dig-dutp). during the rt reaction, dig-dutp was incorporated into oligo-dt which had been hybridized to polyadenylic acid [poly (a)]. at the detection step, an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibody to digoxigenin was added, followed by the addition of a colorimetric s ... | 1993 | 7691079 |
| construction and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to alfalfa mosaic virus. | seven monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) isolate t6 were prepared and characterized. one of them (amv 4) reacted with the cryptotope, another (amv 5) with the neotope and the remaining five with various metatopes. five moabs derived from mouse ascitic fluid reacted in immunodiffusion test with native virus and two moabs with amv coat protein. in competitive elisa, homologous moabs caused 80-100% inhibition of the reaction, but some reactions were also affected by heterol ... | 1993 | 7692711 |
| pausing by retroviral dna polymerases promotes strand transfer from internal regions of rna donor templates to homopolymeric acceptor templates. | we have examined the ability of reverse transcriptases (rt) to catalyze strand transfer from internal regions of rna templates, resulting in switching of a primer from one template to another. to study this phenomenon, we employed a system of donor and acceptor templates in which homologous strand transfer can occur from a homopolymeric sequence, positioned internally on the donor template. our results indicate that reverse transcriptases from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), avian myeloblast ... | 1993 | 7692974 |
| prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus: nucleotide sequence of rna3 and the relationship to other ilarviruses based on coat protein comparison. | the rna3 of prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (pnrsv) has been cloned and its entire sequence determined. the rna3 consists of 1943 nucleotides (nt) and possesses two large open reading frames (orfs) separated by an intergenic region of 74 nt. the 5' proximal orf is 855 nt in length and codes for a protein of molecular mass 31.4 kda which has homologies with the putative movement protein of other members of the bromoviridae. the 3' proximal orf of 675 nt is the cistron for the coat protein (cp) ... | 1995 | 7730792 |
| in vitro evidence that the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus plays a direct role in the regulation of plus and minus rna synthesis: implications for the life cycle of alfalfa mosaic virus. | the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus has both structural and regulating functions. the latter is evident from the fact that the genomic rnas of the virus, although they are of messenger polarity, cannot start an infection cycle in the absence of cost protein. the reason could be that the coat protein is needed for viral rna synthesis. indeed, the coat protein has been found in tight association with the viral rna polymerase (r. quadt et al., 1991, virology 182, 309-315). to investigate the r ... | 1995 | 7747430 |
| ability of tobacco streak virus coat protein to substitute for late functions of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein. | the coat protein (cp) of tobacco streak virus (tsv) can substitute for the early function of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) cp in genome activation. replacement of the cp gene in aimv rna 3 with the tsv cp gene and analysis of the replication of the chimeric rna indicated that the tsv cp could not substitute for the function of aimv cp in asymmetric plus-strand rna accumulation but could encapsidate the chimeric rna and permitted a low level of cell-to-cell transport. | 1995 | 7769722 |
| bean cyclophilin gene expression during plant development and stress conditions. | cyclophilins (cyp) are ubiquitous proteins with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity that catalyses rotation of x-pro peptide bonds and facilitates the folding of proteins; these enzymes are believed to play a role in in vivo protein folding. during development of normal bean plants, cyp transcripts are first detected three days after beginning of germination and are present in all plant tissues examined. in a general way, higher amounts of cyp mrnas are found in developing tissues. cyp ... | 1994 | 7811975 |
| replicase-mediated resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus. | tobacco plants transformed with the p1 and p2 replicase genes of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) have been shown to produce functional replicase proteins, permitting their infection with aimv inocula lacking the genome segments encoding p1 and p2, respectively. to see whether expression of a mutant p2 protein would interfere with the assembly of a functional replicase complex, tobacco plants were transformed with modified p2 genes. when plants were transformed with a p2 gene encoding an n-terminally ... | 1995 | 7886950 |
| the nucleotide sequence of citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus rna-2. | the nucleotide sequence of citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus (cilrv) rna-2 consists of 2990 nucleotides and contains one open reading frame (orf) which encodes a deduced translation product of 832 amino acids with a calculated m(r) of 95,501 (95k). the 5' terminus of the rna has a m7gppp cap. both the nucleotide sequence of cilrv rna-2 and its translated polypeptide share homologies with the nucleotide sequence and translated polypeptide, respectively, of rna-2 of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv). the hom ... | 1994 | 7931176 |
| the nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic virus coat protein gene has no similarity with other bromoviridae coat protein genes. | a double-stranded cdna was synthesized from in vitro polyadenylated apple mosaic virus (apmv) rna 3 using oligo(dt) and sequence-specific primers, and was cloned into plasmid vectors. a set of overlapping cdna clones was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of rna 4. apmv rna 4 was found to contain an open reading frame (orf) of 666 nucleotides, which was flanked by 5' and 3' non-translated sequences of 55 and 264 nucleotides, respectively. the orf encoding the coat protein was identified b ... | 1994 | 7931177 |
| a chromatographic analysis of capsid protein isolated from alfalfa mosaic virus: zinc binding and proteolysis cause distinct charge heterogeneity. | the capsid protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) is required for viral replication when susceptible plants are inoculated with purified viral genomic rna. the discovery of aimv cp in the zinc activated rna-dependent rna polymerase complex prompted our further investigation of aimv virions and the potential involvement of aimv cp in metal binding. aimv cp, isolated from nucleoprotein components, fractionated into four distinct ionic species when purified by cation exchange fast protein liqu ... | 1994 | 7941357 |
| mapping of the rna-binding domain of the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein. | in-frame contiguous deletions were created in the movement protein gene of alfalfa mosaic virus by site-directed mutagenesis. the mutated movement proteins were expressed in escherichia coli, extracted and then purified by denaturing gel electrophoresis and then renatured. their binding ability with rna was assayed by electrophoretic retardation and u.v.-crosslinking. results indicated that a domain included within amino acids 36 to 81 was necessary for rna binding. | 1994 | 7964629 |
| resistance of green peas to legume viruses. | a total of 16 green pea cultivars (pisum sativum l.) were screened for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), and alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). cvs. avola, midget, wawerplus, wawerex, bunny and banff were found immune to bymv infection. cvs. marx and pion exhibited a high level (above 95%) of resistance to bymv, but they were highly susceptible to pemv and amv. it is recommended to use bymv-immune or highly bymv-resistant cultivars for further breeding. the ... | 1994 | 7976868 |
| early and late functions of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein can be mutated separately. | to investigate the role of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein (cp) in genome activation, asymmetric plus-strand rna accumulation, and cell-to-cell spread of the virus, mutations were made in the cp gene and putative cp binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region (utr) of rna 3. mutants that produced no cp-related peptide or cp with an n-terminal deletion of 20 amino acids were defective in all three functions. insertion of several nonviral amino acids at position 85 of cp had little effect on gen ... | 1994 | 8030250 |
| plants transformed with a mutant alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein gene are resistant to the mutant but not to wild-type virus. | transgenic tobacco plants expressing the wild-type (wt) coat protein (cp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) have been shown to be resistant to infection with viral particles and rnas or to infection with viral particles only. the difference in resistance of these plants to rna inocula was found to correlate with a difference in the expression level of the transgene. plants expressing a mutant aimv cp with the n-terminal serine residue changed to glycine have been shown to be susceptible to inf ... | 1994 | 8053151 |
| translation of avian myeloblastosis virus genomic rna in vitro. | defective viral particles (dvp) were isolated from the medium of chicken myeloblasts transformed by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) in the absence of helper viruses (non-producer myeloblasts). a 60s genomic rna complex of amv was isolated from dvp and translated in vitro. the predominant translation product was the gag polyprotein precursor pr76gag. | 1993 | 8105660 |
| alleged reaction in gel-immunodiffusion of an igm monoclonal antibody with alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus is an artefact. | a previously reported spurious serological cross-reaction between alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), which had been defined by the reaction in gel-immunodiffusion tests of a single igm monoclonal antibody (mab), mab 8, was no longer detected in the presence of 0.1 m-nacl. the non-specific reactivity of this igm was also confirmed in western blotting assays. when skimmed milk was used as a blocking agent and as a diluent of antibodies, mab 8 failed to recognize amv and cm ... | 1994 | 8113772 |
| nucleotide sequence and structural determinants of specific binding of coat protein or coat protein peptides to the 3' untranslated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4. | the specific binding of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein to viral rna requires determinants in the 3' untranslated region (utr). coat protein and peptide binding sites in the 3' utr of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 have been analyzed by hydroxyl radical footprinting, deletion mapping, and site-directed mutagenesis experiments. the 3' utr has several stable hairpins that are flanked by single-stranded (a/u)ugc sequences. hydroxyl radical footprinting data show that five sites in the 3' utr of alfal ... | 1994 | 8139004 |
| transformation of myelomonocytic cells by the avian myeloblastosis virus is determined by the v-myb oncogene, not by the unique long terminal repeats of the virus. | the avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) induces acute monoblastic leukemia in chickens and transforms only myelomonocytic cells in vitro. the long terminal repeat (ltr) regulatory region of amv is unique among the known classes of avian retrovirus ltrs. we demonstrate that the substitution of the amv ltrs by rous sarcoma virus ltrs did not alter the cell type specificity or the transforming ability of the virus. | 1994 | 8139052 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of prune dwarf ilarvirus rna 3: implications for coat protein activation of genome replication in ilarviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of prune dwarf ilarvirus (pdv) rna 3 has been determined from cloned viral cdnas. the pdv rna 3 is 2129 nucleotides and contains two large open reading frames (orfs) separated by an intergenic region of 72 nucleotides. the 5' proximal orf (orf-1) is 882 nucleotides, encoding a gene product which shares homology with putative cell-to-cell movement proteins of related viruses, including tobacco streak virus (tsv) and alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv). the downstream orf ... | 1994 | 8178476 |
| okazaki fragments, a constant component of avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound 7 s dna. | we have shown that the unusual cscl-buoyant density and velocity sedimentation properties of the isolated host 7 s dna species associated with the core fraction of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) are made mainly by tight association of rna pieces prevalently joined to the single-stranded portion of this material. it was shown indirectly on sedimentation patterns of [methyl-3h]thymidine and [14c]uridine double-labelled and glyoxylated total amv dna, and directly in phosphorylation experiments wi ... | 1993 | 8184785 |
| avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound 7 s dna, a collection of minute replicative host-cell dna structures. | the early replicative nature of avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound 7 s dna (amv dna), indicated by our preceding findings (ríman et al., 1993), has been confirmed using various experimental approaches. it has been shown by agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that this dna represents actually a collection of molecules the size of which is strongly reminiscent of the minute early replicative structures found in dna of sea urchin embryos (baldari et al., 1978). with such a characteris ... | 1993 | 8184786 |
| avian myeloblastosis virus core-bound 7 s dna, highly bent minute structures with sequence-directed curvature. | structural properties and length distribution profile of 7 s avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) dna were studied by means of electron microscopy using two different techniques. this dna represents mostly double strands, the single strands being in minority. we have shown directly that this dna forms a bent structure typical of the majority of molecules. these bends are sensitive to the distamycin treatment which stretches most of the bent molecules. some amount (up to 30%) of circular dna molecule ... | 1993 | 8184787 |
| the 3'-untranslated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3 contains at least two independent binding sites for viral coat protein. | the 3'-termini of the three genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus contain a common sequence of 145 nucleotides (nt) with a specific binding site for coat protein (cp). this sequence consists of several stem/loop structures interspersed with single-stranded augc-motifs; in rna 3 this folding pattern is extended to a region upstream of the homologous sequence. by band-shift assays a minimum of two specific binding sites for cp were identified near the 3'-end of rna 3. site 1 consists of the region ... | 1994 | 8190624 |
| nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic ilarvirus rna 4. | the complete nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic ilavirus rna 4 was obtained from cloned cdnas and direct sequencing of the 5'-terminal rna region. the sequence is 891 nucleotides long and can encode a protein of 226 amino acids (m(r) 25,171) that, by analogy to alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) and tobacco streak virus (tsv), should correspond to the coat protein (cp). database comparisons showed that no significant similarity to other proteins was apparent. analysis of the cp sequence revealed a put ... | 1994 | 8207407 |
| characterization of wheat germ protein synthesis initiation factor eif-4c and comparison of eif-4c from wheat germ and rabbit reticulocytes. | eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor (eif)-4c was purified from wheat germ and the molecular weight was calculated to be approximately 19,000 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a similar molecular weight was determined by gel filtration chromatography indicating that wheat germ eif-4c is functional as a single polypeptide chain. an efficient in vitro translation system dependent upon the addition of eif-4c was developed. this system was used to determine the concentrations of e ... | 1993 | 8227048 |
| characterization of the lectin from the bulbs of eranthis hyemalis (winter aconite) as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. | the lectin from eranthis hyemalis has been previously characterized as consisting of two polypeptide chains covalently linked by disulfide bond(s) (cammue, b. p., peeters, b., and peumans, w. j. (1985) biochem. j. 227, 949-955). we have further characterized the biochemical properties of the lectin and demonstrated that it possesses the property of inhibition of protein synthesis using in vitro eukaryotic translation systems. the protein also possesses antiviral activity against the plant virus, ... | 1993 | 8227081 |
| effect of the alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein expressed in transgenic plants on the permeability of plasmodesmata. | symplastic transport of different sized fluorescent probes has been assessed in leaf epidermal cells of transgenic nicotiana plants expressing the movement protein (mp) of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). in both n. tabacum and n. benthamiana, the size exclusion limit (sel) of plasmodesmata increased from m(r) 1000, which represents the commonly accepted limit, to over 4.4k. however, in control plants, movement of a 3k probe was seen in 11 to 22% of the injections, indicating that plasmodesmata may o ... | 1993 | 8245862 |
| coat protein stimulates replication complexes of alfalfa mosaic virus to produce virion rnas in vitro. | viral replication complexes (rcs) were gradient-purified from cowpea mesophyll protoplasts 21 h after inoculation with alfalfa mosaic virus. these membranous structures incorporate [32p]ump into double- and single-stranded rnas in the absence of added template. when coat protein is added prior to the reaction the incorporation in both rna fractions is stimulated several times. part of the single-stranded product rnas are released from the rcs. the stimulation of incorporation in high molecular m ... | 1993 | 8268261 |
| new overlapping gene encoded by the cucumber mosaic virus genome. | cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) contains three genomic rnas (rnas 1, 2, and 3) and a subgenomic rna (rna 4), a shared feature of the bromoviridae family which includes cucumoviruses, bromoviruses, alfalfa mosaic virus, and ilarviruses. we describe in this paper the molecular characterization of a novel subgenomic rna of the q strain of cmv (q-cmv), rna 4a, which was first reported in 1973 (k. w. c. peden and r. h. symons, virology 53, 487-492, 1973). rna 4a is 682 nucleotides and is identical in seq ... | 1994 | 8291242 |
| specific rna binding by amino-terminal peptides of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein. | specific rna-protein interactions and ribonucleoprotein complexes are essential for many biological processes, but our understanding of how ribonucleoprotein particles form and accomplish their biological functions is rudimentary. this paper describes the interaction of alfalfa mosaic virus (a1mv) coat protein or peptides with viral rna. a1mv coat protein is necessary both for virus particle formation and for the initiation of replication of the three genomic rnas. we have examined protein deter ... | 1994 | 8313916 |
| the 3'-terminal untranslated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 facilitates the rna entry into translation in a cell-free system. | in order to understand the role of the 3'-terminal untranslated region (3'-utr) of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) rna 4 in viral rna translation we have constructed the rna derivatives differing in the length of their 3'-terminal portions and expressed them in a wheat germ extract. the result shows that the removal of the 3'-utr from almv rna 4 causes a lagged rna translation in the cell-free system as compared with the translation of the full length rna 4, thus suggesting the involvement of the 3' ... | 1993 | 8325376 |