Publications

the location, sequence, transcription, and regulation of a baculovirus dna polymerase gene.	the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) dna polymerase gene was identified with the aid of an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to an amino acid sequence conserved among viral dna polymerases of other virus families. a 3.6-kb pair region of the acmnpv dna, from 39.5 to 42.5 map units (m.u.), was sequenced and an open reading frame (orf) of 2994 bp was observed. from the first atg of this orf, a translation product of 984 amino acids (mr 114,310) was predicted. amino acid ...	1988	3059678
physical map and polyhedrin gene sequence of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	restriction maps of the 166.6-kb genome of lymantria dispar multiply-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv clone g) were constructed for bamhi, bglii, ecori, ecorv, hindiii and kpni, using cosmid pvk102 and pbluescript vectors. southern hybridizations indicated that the ldmnpv genome contains five dispersed regions of intragenomic sequence homology. the polyhedrin gene of ldmnpv was located within bglii-e and the sequence of the 735-nucleotide (nt) coding region and 678 nt of flanking dna ...	1988	3063616
[circular replicating baculovirus genome].	free malacosoma neustria nuclear polyhedrosis virus preparations contain nucleocapsids typical of baculoviruses' morphology and size as well as long virus-like particles. viral dna is circular and covalently closed. its preparations contain rings with single-stranded breaks, catenanes and circular dimers as well. replicating pulse-labelled dna preparations have been obtained from cells with the highest virus dna synthesis. theta-forms of replicating dna are found in heavy fractions of sucrose gr ...	1988	3067426
eight base pairs encompassing the transcriptional start point are the major determinant for baculovirus polyhedrin gene expression.	the effects of mutations within the 92-bp region immediately upstream from the translational initiation atg of the polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) were determined by plasmid transient expression assays in the presence of wild-type (wt) acmnpv dna. clustered point mutations were generated by substitution of 10-bp stretches of the polyhedrin promoter/leader region with a 10-bp hindiii linker. three of these linker scan (ls) mutations in ...	1988	3071492
joint action of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and chemical insecticides against the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufn.).	a polyhedrosis virus disease was isolated from the larvae of agrotis ipsilon. isolation of causative agent from the infected larvae again showed to be positive. microscopic examination of the infected larvae (by means of a light microscope) gave an evidence of the development of the polyhedral inclusion bodies (pib) in all typical tissues where the virus is known to develop. examination by an electron microscope showed various irregular shaped polyhedra; their diameter being about 1.5 to 3.5 mu. ...	1988	3075833
secretion of glycosylated human recombinant haptoglobin in baculovirus-infected insect cells.	human haptoglobin (hp alpha 2 beta) was synthesized in insect cells using the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) as an expression vector. viruses carrying the prohp alpha 2 beta cdna, either fused or non fused to viral polyhedrin dna sequences, expressed intracellularly low levels of unglycosylated and non maturated haptoglobin. on the contrary, recombinant viruses containing the preprohp alpha 2 beta cdna directed the expression of high levels of prohaptoglobi ...	1988	3078448
baculovirus transcription in the presence of inhibitors and in nonpermissive drosophila cells.	regulation of transcription within four well-defined regions of the dna genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was studied in a permissive lepidopteran cell line. spodoptera frugiperda iplb-sf-21 and a nonpermissive dipteran cell line, drosophila melanogaster dl-1. cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was used to identify immediate early transcripts and aphidicolin, an effective inhibitor of dna replication, was used to distinguish early ...	1986	3099497
baculovirus interaction with nontarget organisms: a virus-borne reporter gene is not expressed in two mammalian cell lines.	the safety of baculoviruses with respect to mammalian species was studied by using a genetically engineered recombinant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this recombinant contains the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of a mammalian-active promoter and expresses substantial levels of cat activity on infection of permissive and nonpermissive insect cells (l.f. carbonell, m.j. klowden, and l.k. miller, j. virol. 56:153-160, 1985). extremely low leve ...	1987	3116925
functional studies on the p10 gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using a recombinant expressing a p10-beta-galactosidase fusion gene.	the beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) of escherichia coli was inserted in phase with the coding sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) late-expressed mr 10,000 (p10) gene. the fusion gene was inserted into the acmnpv genome by cotransfection of a recombinant plasmid pacr159z, consisting of the ecori p fragment-containing pbr325-derived plasmid pacr159 and the lacz insert in the p10 gene, and wild-type acmnpvdna. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells by the res ...	1988	3128641
signals important for high-level expression of foreign genes in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus expression vectors.	the transcriptional and translational signals required for efficient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, beta-galactosidase, and tissue plasminogen activator genes, under the control of the polyhedrin promoter in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, were investigated by sds-page and rna dot blot analysis. the recombinant baculoviruses all contained alterations in the leader sequence or 5' proximal coding region of the polyh ...	1988	3142147
human tissue-type plasminogen activator synthesized by using a baculovirus vector in insect cells compared with human plasminogen activator produced in mouse cells.	a cdna fragment encoding the human tissue-type plasminogen activator was inserted into the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. the induction kinetics of t-pa was followed, after infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells, at both mrna and protein levels. fibrinolytically active plasminogen activator accumulated in the culture medium and reached 2.5 micrograms/ml after 120 h. the protein was compared with recombinant plasminogen act ...	1988	3149610
[the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a eukaryotic vector system].		1988	3150619
synthesis of a gene coding for an insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin and attempts to express it using baculovirus vectors.	we have explored the possibility of improving baculovirus pesticides by incorporating an insect-specific neurotoxin gene into a baculovirus genome. a 112-bp gene (beit) encoding insectotoxin-1 of the scorpion buthus eupeus was synthesized and cloned in escherichia coli. for expression, beit was transferred to the dna genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). three different recombinant acmnpvs, carrying beit under the control of the strong acmnpv polyhedrin promoter, ...	1988	3243439
functional mapping of an acnpv immediately early gene which augments expression of the ie-1 trans-activated 39k gene.	an early gene which augments the expression of the delayed early/late 39k gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was identified by functional mapping. transient expression of the plasmid p39cat, containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding sequences under the control of the promoter of the 39k protein, was observed in cells cotransfected with acnpv dna digested with several restriction endonucleases. however, when p39cat was cotrans ...	1988	3277328
a phosphorylated 34-kda protein and a subpopulation of polyhedrin are thiol linked to the carbohydrate layer surrounding a baculovirus occlusion body.	surrounding baculovirus occlusion bodies is an electron-dense layer reported to be composed of carbohydrate which we term calyx. incubation of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus occlusion bodies (acmnpv obs) with dilute alkaline saline (das) followed by centrifugation at 12,000 g resulted in the sedimentation of calyx material which contained pp34, residual polyhedrin (p32), and entrapped occluded virions (das p-12 fraction). incubation of the das p-12 fraction with sodium dodecyl ...	1988	3279702
autographa californica mnpv nucleocapsid assembly: inhibition by cytochalasin d.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) is a large, double-stranded dna virus of lepidopteran insects. it replicates in the nucleus of host cells and produces two different infectious forms. one of them buds from the plasma membrane and is responsible for systemic infection in insects and for the spread of infection in cell culture. earlier we reported that cytochalasin d (cd) inhibited the production of this form of the virus in infected iplb-sf-21 cells by a mechanism other ...	1988	3281373
glycosylation and processing of high levels of active human glucocerebrosidase in invertebrate cells using a baculovirus expression vector.	a human cdna containing the complete coding region for the lysosomal glycoprotein glucocerebrosidase (ec 3.2.1.45) was introduced into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells (sf9) with recombinant virus produced high levels of glucocerebrosidase, 40% of which was in the culture medium. the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinantly produced enzyme was identical to that of matur ...	1988	3282855
in vivo mass production in the cabbage moth (mamestra brassicae) of a heterologous (panolis) and a homologous (mamestra) nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	in preparation for field trials, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) of the pine beauty moth, panolis flammea, was mass produced in vivo in an alternative (heterologous) host, the cabbage moth, mamestra brassicae. simultaneously, mamestra npv was also produced in m. brassicae. this homologous npv/host system was a consistently more efficient production system than the heterologous one. evidence is presented that increased humidity may improve levels of infection and, therefore, yield achieved. fu ...	1988	3286670
rate of increase and critical amount of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in lepidopterous larvae estimated from survival time assay data with a birth-death model.	a birth-death model developed for pathogens of vertebrates was used to estimate the in vivo rate of increase (alpha) and the doubling time (td) from survival time assay data. host-pathogen combinations used in this study were two autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates in trichoplusia ni and heliothis zea npv in h. zea. the alpha's, estimated as he negative reciprocal of the slope of the linearly decreasing section of the plot of median survival times against the logarithm of ...	1988	3291823
characterization of an early gene accelerating expression of late genes of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the region of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) encompassing the ecori t fragment (29.0 to 30.1 map units) was characterized by dna sequencing, transcriptional mapping, and site-directed mutagenesis. the largest transcript from this region, an early 1.7-kilobase (kb) poly(a)+ rna, encompassed three tandem, nonoverlapping open reading frames (orfs). the largest of these orfs, etl, was proximal to the 5' end of the transcript and had the capacity to encode a 28-kilodal ...	1988	3292791
autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus efficiently enters but does not replicate in poikilothermic vertebrate cells.	the host range of the insect virus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was examined. acmnpv could not initiate a productive infection in frog, turtle, trout, or codling moth cell lines. after exposure to acmnpv, neither viral dna nor rna synthesis could be detected in these cell lines as assayed by nucleic acid probe hybridization. entry of acmnpv nucleocapsids into the cytoplasm and viral dna into the nucleus, however, was as efficient in the nonpermissive cell lines as i ...	1986	3301733
hyperproduction of polyhedrin-igf ii fusion protein in silkworm larvae infected with recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a gene coding for insulin-like growth factor ii (igf ii) was constructed from 16 oligodeoxynucleotides synthesized chemically and cloned into ecori-sali sites of pbr322. in this gene at atg codon for methionine was introduced for cleavage by cnbr at the beginning of mature igf ii. for expressing foreign genes, a new host-vector system, with bombyx mori silkworm larvae as the host and b. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) as the vector, has been developed. bmnpv genomic dna codes polyhedrin ...	1987	3312489
secretion of particles of hepatitis b surface antigen from insect cells using a baculovirus vector.	the coding sequences of the hepatitis b virus surface antigen were inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector produced from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) so that the foreign gene was under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter. spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the derived recombinant baculovirus produced and secreted 22 nm particles containing the hepatitis b surface antigen. the particles had morphological and antigenic properties identical to those ...	1987	3312490
expression of envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus by an insect virus vector.	the envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus was inserted into the genome of an insect virus vector (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus). upon infection of tissue culture cells, this recombinant virus produced immunoreactive polypeptides related to the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus. serological survey indicates such polypeptides would be of value as antigens in diagnostics for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	1987	3312636
in vivo and in vitro host range of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1987	3320215
analysis of the polyhedrin gene promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the polyhedrin gene promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was analysed with respect to which sequences are required upstream of the mrna transcription initiation (cap) site for efficient promoter activity. insertions (8, 95 and 785 nucleotides) were made in this region at an ecor v site between the caat- and tata-like boxes. when these mutations were introduced into the virus they did not affect the activity of the polyhedrin promoter as judged by expression of the be ...	1987	3320964
characterization of genotypic and phenotypic variation in plaque-purified strains of hzsnpv elkar isolate.	twenty plaque-purified strains of heliothis zea s-type nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hzsnpv) were characterized based upon restriction endonuclease digests of viral dnas, structural protein profiles, and larval melanization response. each of the 20 strains had a unique genotype. genomic heterogeneity between strains was localized to 4 regions of the hzsnpv genome. differences in protein profiles of occluded virus were noted for each strain relative to the wild-type isolate. the strains were separa ...	1987	3329647
the development of multiple expression vectors for high level synthesis of eukaryotic proteins: expression of lcmv-n and acnpv polyhedrin protein by a recombinant baculovirus.	a copy of the polyhedrin gene promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), in association with the coding region of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus n protein (lcmv-n) and the relevant polyhedrin transcription termination signals, has been cloned into the unique ecorv site of a plasmid representing an ecori derived fragment of the acnpv genome. the cloning site is upstream (but in the opposite orientation) of the natural acnpv polyhedrin gene. the derived pacvc2 trans ...	1987	3334094
studies on autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in spodoptera littoralis cells including virus-induced protein synthesis.	the replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera littoralis cells has been investigated. various cytopathic changes were detected by light and electron microscopy and progeny enveloped virus particles, some occluded within polyhedra, were later seen in the nucleus of infected cells. infectious virus was released into the growth medium and increased exponentially from ca. 10 to 24 hours post infection and then slowly increased over the next 4 days. in compari ...	1986	3510608
changes in the nucleoprotein complexes of a baculovirus dna during infection.	the nature of the dna-protein complexes assumed by autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna during infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells was investigated by micrococcal nuclease digestion of infected nuclei. both parental viral dna and progeny viral dna assumed a chromatin-like structure early in infection. by late times (24 hr) p.i., the viral dna acquired a unique nucleoprotein structure. in addition to fragments of mononucleosome size (185 bp), two subnucleosomal bands ...	1986	3518228
detection of sequences in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna, that acts as autonomous replicating sequences (ars) in yeast. brief report.	at least two regions of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) dna contain nucleotide sequences that allowed the autonomous replication of chimaeric plasmids in saccharomyces cerevisiae. these sequences were located around position 26 and 37 per cent on the physical map of acnpv dna.	1986	3518664
expression of the s-coded genes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus using a baculovirus vector.	a dna copy of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv, we strain)s rna species has been inserted in both orientations into plasmids containing a 7.1 kb dna sequence of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the inserts were placed behind the polyhedrin gene promoter of acnpv and in the place of the nucleotide sequences including and flanking the polyhedrin gene translation initiation codon. the derived plasmids were used to obtain recombinant acnpv viruse ...	1986	3525745
nucleotide sequencing and transcriptional mapping of the orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus p10 gene.	a 32p-labeled cloned dna fragment (acmnpv hindiii-q) containing one of the repeated sequences and a portion of the p10 gene from autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) was used to probe southern blots containing restriction endonuclease digests of orgyia pseudotsugata muticapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) dna. a single 3.6-kb fragment, opmnpv hindiii-q, was hybridized. the opmnpv hindiii-q fragment was cloned into puc-18, mapped with restriction endonucle ...	1986	3526709
the nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene region from the multicapsid baculovirus of orgyia pseudotsugata.	the nucleotide sequence was determined of a 1.6-kb restriction fragment containing the polyhedrin gene of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv). in addition, both the 5' and 3' termini of the polyhedrin mrna were located in the flanking sequences using s1 mapping procedures. 5' leader, 3' flanking, and open reading frame sequences of 50-52, 145-167, and 735 nucleotides, respectively, were determined, for a total mrna length of about 935 nucleotides. a potent ...	1986	3526710
identification of an amino acid essential to the normal assembly of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedra.	we compared the dna sequence of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene with that of the polyhedrin gene from a morphology mutant called m5. a single point mutation was found at the bamhi restriction site within the polyhedrin coding sequence. this point mutation caused a substitution of leucine for proline at amino acid 58 in the m5 polyhedrin. this point mutation was shown to be responsible for both the appearance of cubic polyhedra and the altered mobility of the ...	1986	3528527
cell-surface expression of influenza virus haemagglutinin in insect cells using a baculovirus vector.	a baculovirus transfer vector was constructed using a cloned copy of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) polyhedrin gene. the atg translation initiation codon and 32 bases of the polyhedrin mrna 5' leader sequences were deleted and replaced with a cdna clone of the a/pr/8/34 influenza virus haemagglutinin (ha) gene. the hybrid ha/polyhedrin gene was transferred to acnpv and polyhedrin-negative recombinants identified which expressed ha activity. the insect cell-derived ...	1986	3529699
location, transcription, and sequence of a baculovirus gene encoding a small arginine-rich polypeptide.	the nucleotide sequence of the cdna of an abundant late 0.5-kilobase transcript of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus revealed a small open reading frame encoding an arginine-rich 6.9-kilodalton protein. the predicted amino acid composition of the 6.9-kilodalton protein was essentially identical to that of the core protein of viral nucleocapsids. the precise location of the 5' and 3' ends of the transcript were confirmed by s1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. multiple overl ...	1987	3543402
the 64k envelope protein of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1986	3545692
expression of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome in insect cells: homologous viral and heterologous vertebrate genes--the baculovirus vector system.		1986	3545694
baculovirus expression vectors: the requirements for high level expression of proteins, including glycoproteins.	the requirements for high level expression of three foreign proteins using the polyhedrin gene promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv, baculoviridae) have been investigated. in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with the appropriate recombinant baculoviruses, the synthesis of the two s rna coded genes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv; i.e. the nucleoprotein, n, and glycoprotein precursor, gpc), or the haemagglutinin gene of influenza a virus, appears to ...	1987	3553425
expression of the human immunodeficiency virus gag gene in insect cells.	regions of the gag-pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the causative agent of aids, have been cloned into the polyhedrin gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. when these recombinant viruses were used to infect insect cells, the cells produced gag-related proteins which could be immunoprecipitated with serum from aids patients. the major proteins produced by acgag1, which contained the entire gag gene and a small portion of the pol gene, had molecu ...	1987	3554734
production of human alpha-inteferon in silkworm using a bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector.		1987	3556274
comparison of the p26 gene region of two baculoviruses.	a 1.1-kb region of dna containing the p26 gene of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata (opmnpv) was sequenced, transcriptionally mapped, and compared to the same region in the mnpv of autographa californica (acmnpv). the mrna start site of the p26 gene occurs about 22 nucleotides downstream from an a/t-rich putative promoter sequence that is highly conserved between acmnpv and opmnpv. the p26 mrna is transcribed through the p26 gene and coterminates with the p10 gen ...	1987	3686831
modification and secretion of human interleukin 2 produced in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector.	a cdna coding for human interleukin 2 (il-2) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. cells infected with recombinant virus produced high levels of mr 15,500 il-2 polypeptide, the majority of which was secreted into the culture medium during infection. the recombinant il-2 was able to stimulate the growth of an il-2-dependent cell line. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the insect-derived il-2 was identical to that ...	1985	3878519
infectivity assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using spodoptera littoralis cells.	tissue culture id50 and plaque assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, using the spodoptera littoralis cell line hpb-sl, were developed. direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used spodoptera frugiperda cell line iplb-sf-21. both infectious tissue culture supernatants or virus isolated directly from polyhedra could be titrated. it was important to use low cell seeding densities in the ass ...	1985	3882730
temporal regulation of baculovirus rna: overlapping early and late transcripts.	analysis of the temporal sequence of rna transcription within the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome revealed individual transcription units composed of overlapping early or late rnas, or both. high-resolution s1 nuclease mapping within the 3.0-kilobase hindiii-k fragment located five overlapping rnas (1.07, 1.38, 2.63, 3.16, and 3.50 kilobases) transcribed in the same direction and terminated at a common 3' site. the smallest rnas appeared early but were replaced in time b ...	1985	3886931
polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a portion of the genome of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori has been cloned. this part of the viral genome contains the gene encoding the viral occlusion body protein, polyhedrin. the polyhedrin gene has been sequenced in its entirety together with some of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. the primary structure of polyhedrin predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene was found to be somewhat different from the one reported previously for the authentic protein (e. a. kozlov, ...	1985	3886932
inactivation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus subgroup a) by monochromatic uv radiation.	monochromatic radiation at wavelengths of 290, 300, 310, and 320 nm inactivated occluded nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the douglas-fir tussock moth, orgyia pseudotsugata (mcdunnough). data indicate that all of the wavelengths are capable of causing virus inactivation; much greater fluences are needed for virus inactivation as the wavelength increases.	1985	3888111
the promoter of the late p10 gene in the insect nuclear polyhedrosis virus autographa californica: activation by viral gene products and sensitivity to dna methylation.	in lepidopteran insect cells infected with the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), two major late viral gene products are expressed: the polyhedrin, a 28 000 mol. wt. protein which makes up the mass of the nuclear inclusion bodies, and a 10 000 mol. wt. protein (p10) whose function is unknown. the nucleotide sequences of these strong promoters conform to those of other eukaryotic promoters and are rich in at base pairs. we used the psvo-cat construct containing ...	1985	3891327
the nucleotide sequence of the pieris brassicae granulosis virus granulin gene.	two overlapping restriction fragments containing the pieris brassicae granulosis virus (gv) granulin gene were cloned into plasmids. the regions containing the coding region and the 5' and 3' flanking regions were subcloned into m13 and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence data were compared to those for the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni gv and the polyhedrin gene from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). the amino acid sequences derived from these dna sequences ...	1985	3891914
neutralisation of trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus with antisera to two forms of the virus.	two forms of a baculovirus, trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus, one released at the plasma membrane of cells (cell released virus: crv) and the other derived from polyhedra (polyhedron derived virus: pdv) occur naturally. antisera raised against the two forms specifically neutralised the homologous form. the envelope proteins of the two forms were shown to be the major proteins involved in serum neutralisation and to be responsible for the antigenic diversity of the virus forms.	1985	3892234
isolation of large and small plaque variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. brief report.	variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus which produce large (1.4 mm) or small (0.5 mm) plaques on spodoptera littoralis cells have been isolated. yields of extracellular virus and polyhedra by the large plaque variant were six-fold higher and 140-fold lower, respectively, than those obtained with the small plaque variant. however the two variants could not be distinguished when spodoptera frugiperda cells were used.	1985	3893392
[properties of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus].	four passages of barathra brassicae l nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) in heliothis armigera hbn caterpillars were carried out. b. brassicae npv was found to be highly infective for caterpillars of both species. when h. armigera caterpillars were infected with b. brassicae npv, reproduction of the latter occurred alongside with the induction of h. armigera latent virus. in subsequent passages the latent virus replaced the foreign npv. it was noted in mixed infection that in the 2nd passage the a ...	1985	3913136
production of human c-myc protein in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector.	a cdna fragment coding for human c-myc was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced significant amounts of c-myc protein, which constituted the major phosphoprotein component in these cells. by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis, two proteins of 61 and 64 kilodaltons were detected with c-myc-specific antisera. the insect-derived prote ...	1985	3915537
the polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	cloned sali fragments of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmsnpv) dna were screened with the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a probe. one positive clone, pbn61, with an insert of 1.65 kb, was obtained. the hindiii, hpaii and alui maps of the insert were constructed. part of its nucleotide sequence has been determined. the 46 amino acid sequence, as determined from the nucleotide sequence, was compared with the reported sequence of bmsnpv polyhedrin. ...	1985	3915597
functional mapping of a trans-activating gene required for expression of a baculovirus delayed-early gene.	the temporal regulation of an early gene of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was examined. we constructed a plasmid (plasmid 39cat) in which the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was placed under the control of the promoter for the gene for a a. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus 39,000-dalton protein (39k). a transient expression assay of plasmid 39cat revealed that the 39k gene was expressed in infected cells but not in uninfected cells, ...	1986	3944847
cloning and sequencing of the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni granulosis virus.	a restriction fragment containing the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni granulosis virus was located in a blot of viral genomic dna using a cloned polyhedrin gene as a probe. this fragment was cloned, mapped, subcloned, and the sequence of the coding region and 5' and 3' flanking regions was determined. although granulin is very similar in size to nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrins, the n-terminal region of granulin demonstrated a high degree of variability with the first 60 amino acids ...	1985	4082501
cell infection by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1970	4099067
observations on the polyhedra and virions of the cabbage looper nuclear polyhedrosis virus, with special reference to the viral membranes.		1971	4100958
an ultrastructural study of the development of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the eastern hemlock looper, lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria.		1971	4101993
electron microscopy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus from agrotis segetum schiff. and a. exclamationis l. (lepidoptera, noctuidae).		1971	4102572
separation and structure of components of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm.	morphology of structural components of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) particles of the silkworm (bombyx mori linné) was studied by electron microscope using negative staining. npv particles isolated from polyhedra could be separated into five structural components by centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. the lowest band (band i) was found to consist of thick rod-shaped particles (330 by 80 nm) with knobby surfaces and with occasional protrusion at one end. the second band from the botto ...	1971	4106781
electron microscopy, histopathology and pathogenicity of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of malacosoma neustria l.		1968	4174117
macromolecular structure of the dna of the bombyx nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1972	4566638
isolation of a factor, from the capsule of a granulosis virus, synergistic for a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the armyworm.		1973	4570378
[determination of the molecular weight of the protein of the inclusion bodies of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm bombyx mori].		1973	4592475
electron microscope examination of two plaque variants from a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the alfalfa looper, autographa californica.		1974	4596522
[activation of latent nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the caterpillars of the lackey moth malacosoma neustria l].		1973	4597151
bioassay of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus and bacillus thuringiensis against the american bollworm, heliothis armigera, in botswana.		1974	4597764
some genetic aspects of the resistance of spodoptera frugiperda to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1974	4597766
weight-related susceptibility of larvae of heliothis armigera to a crude nuclear-polyhedrosis virus preparation.		1974	4597767
interaction of campoletis sonorensis and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of heliothis virescens.		1974	4598666
studies on a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in bombyx mori cells in vitro. 1. multiplication kinetics and ultrastructural studies.		1974	4600202
[distribution and amino acid makeup of the tryptic peptides of the inclusion body protein of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the mulberry silkworm, bombyx mori].		1973	4601319
mode of transmission of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus to progeny of adult heliothis zea.		1974	4604783
differential susceptibility of parasitized and nonparasitized larvae of trichoplusia ni to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1974	4606436
highly infectious free virions in the hemolymph of the silkworm (bombyx mori) infected with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1974	4606615
replication of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell culture of spodoptera frugiperda: purification, assay of infectivity, and growth characteristics of the virus.	nonoccluded virus, polyhedra, and occluded virus were purified from a continuous cell culture of spodopera frugiperda infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. the optimal temperature for the replication and lateral transmission of infectivity for the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npv) in cell culture was 27 c. end-point dilution and plaque assay procedures for the measurement of infectivity are described and compared. dose-response data demonstrated that a single particle could initiate an infe ...	1974	4608299
susceptibility of larvae of the army worm, pseudaletia separata walker, (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to various doses of its nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1974	4611910
[structure of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the mulberry silkworm, bombyx mori].		1974	4612992
an enzootic nuclear polyhedrosis virus of pink shrimp: ultrastructure, prevalence, and enhancement.		1974	4613755
infection of the hickory tussock moth, halisidota caryae, by a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica grown in trichoplusia in cell cultures.		1974	4613756
two isolates of a nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the brown tail moth euproctis similis, exhibiting different inclusion body shapes.		1974	4613757
[adaptation of the apple moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus to a new host].		1974	4614622
morphogenesis of nuclear polyhedrosis virus under conditions of prolonged passage in vitro.		1974	4616102
some biophysical properties of virus present in tissue cultures infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of trichoplusia ni.		1974	4617765
electrophoresis of the proteins of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of porthetria dispar.		1974	4619113
[fractionation of fragments, obtained by cleavage with cyanogen bromide of inclusion body protein of silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus].		1972	4643738
characterization of nuclear polyhedrosis virus dnas.	the nuclear polyhedrosis virus dnas characterized and compared in this study consist of the singly-enveloped nucleocapsids (snpv) of trichoplusia ni and the bundles of nucleocapsids common to a single envelope (mnpv) from spodoptera frugiperda and rachiplusia ou. the snpv and mnpv dnas are very similar in hydrodynamic properties and molecular weights. in addition, the npv dnas are similar in size to those extracted from the granulosis viruses that infect t. ni and s. frugiperda. as isolated from ...	1973	4761726
[study of the effect of nickel sulfate on the reproduction of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cultured insect cells].		1973	4779964
formation of nuclear polyhedral bodies and nuclear polyhedrosis virus of silkworm in mammalian cells infected with viral dna.		1967	4863175
immunofluroescence studies of bombyx mori ovarian tissue cultures infected with nuclear-polyhedrosis virus.		1967	4870430
[selective interference between the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and the densonucleosis virus (dnv); production of interferon by arthropod cells].		1969	4897440
[electron microscopic study of the structure of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus in bombyx mori].		1972	5077238
effect of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection on polyribosome content of gypsy moth larvae (porthetria dispar).		1972	5080789
activity of the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the cabbage looper evaluated at programmed temperature regimens.		1971	5092834
the effect of sunlight, ultraviolet and gamma radiations, and temperature on the infectivity of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1971	5092850
the amount of potassium and sulfur in healthy and nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected larvae of galleria mellonella.		1971	5092851
field tests for control of heliothis spp. with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus included in a boll weevil bait.		1971	5092854
infective hemolymph from forest tent caterpillars diseased by nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1971	5103514