Publications

dissociation between spontaneously emitted and apomorphine-induced stereotypy in peromyscus maniculatus bairdii.	stereotyped behavior is repetitive, topographically invariant motor activity that lacks an obvious function. we have previously characterized the spontaneous and persistent stereotypies that occur in deer mice housed in standard laboratory cages. providing these animals with enriched environments markedly reduces their vulnerability to develop stereotypic behavioral repertoires, thus enabling us to generate behaviorally distinct (stereotypic and nonstereotypic) mice of the same species. as stere ...	2002	11897261
mhc class ii beta sequence diversity in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus): implications for models of balancing selection.	we studied population polymorphism at a major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii beta gene in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). we found that: (i) a single population of p. maniculatus has significantly higher levels of dna and protein sequence diversity than worldwide samples from homologous genes in other taxa, including humans and mice; and (ii) the genealogy of allelic sequences in p. maniculatus deviates significantly from theoretical expectation under a model of symmetric bal ...	2001	11903890
establishment of a deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus rufinus) breeding colony from wild-caught founders: comparison of reproductive performance of wild-caught and laboratory-reared pairs.	the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is a natural reservoir for several human pathogens, but little is known about the mechanisms by which such pathogens are maintained in nature. as a first step toward developing a colony of deer mice that were permissive for infection with sin nombre (sn) hantavirus, we collected 68 wild p. maniculatus rufinus from central new mexico. mice from this cohort were used to establish 26 breeding pairs, of which 85% were fertile. in subsequent generations, fertil ...	2001	11924788
sequence and expression analysis of deer mouse interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin-alpha.	deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal host species of sin nombre (sn) virus, the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in north america. the disease is a cytokine-mediated immunopathology characterized by pulmonary mononuclear infiltrates without discernible viral pathology. infected deer mice remain life-long carriers and virus is found in many organs, including the lungs, but without pathology. it is unclear how deer mice respond to sn virus because no t ...	2002	11991673
influences of inbreeding and genetics on telomere length in mice.	we measured telomere lengths of blood leukocytes in several inbred and outbred mammalian species, using a telomere-specific fluorescent probe and flow cytometry. humans, non-human primates, and three outbred populations of peromyscus mice ( peromyscus leucopus, peromyscus maniculatus, and peromyscus polionotus) have short telomeres. two common strains of laboratory mice, c57bl/6j and dba/2j, have telomeres several times longer than most other mammals surveyed. moreover, the two inbred laboratory ...	2002	12016510
fecal corticosteroids in agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	total and per gram fecal corticosteroid concentrations were determined for agouti and non-agouti deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) over 24 h under normal caging conditions and after exposure to the stress of novel caging. per gram corticosteroid concentrations, fecal output, and 24-h corticosteroid production were greater in stressed compared with unstressed deer mice of both color morphs, whereas stressed agoutis had a greater increase in per gram corticosteroid concentrations when co ...	2002	12020660
assessment of ecologic and biologic factors leading to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, colorado, u.s.a.	to understand the ecologic parameters of sin nombre virus (snv; family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) infections in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), environmental variables impacting the rodent populations, and the conditions under which snv is amplified. this may help us understand the antecedents of human risk for developing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) as a consequence of snv infection.	2002	12035141
novel potential reservoirs for borrelia sp. and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in colorado.	previous work demonstrated that ixodes spinipalpis ticks maintained an enzootic cycle of borrelia bissettii and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aohge) within woodrats (neotoma mexicana) and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) in northern colorado (usa). because i. spinipalpis is the only known vector of b. bissettii and aohge in colorado, this study was designed to determine the reservoir status of other hosts of i. spinipalpis in five distinct ecological zones along the front range ...	2002	12038153
genetic vaccines protect against sin nombre hantavirus challenge in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	we used a deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) infection model to test the protective efficacy of genetic vaccine candidates for sin nombre (sn) virus that were known to provoke immunological responses in balb/c mice (bharadwaj et al., vaccine 17, 2836-2843, 1999 ). protective epitopes were localized in each of four overlapping cdna fragments that encoded portions of the sn virus g1 glycoprotein antigen; the nucleocapsid gene also was protective. the protective efficacy of glycoprotein gene fragm ...	2002	12075094
shedding and intracage transmission of sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) model.	the mechanism(s) by which sin nombre (sn) hantavirus is maintained in deer mouse populations is unclear. field studies indicate that transmission occurs primarily if not exclusively via a horizontal mechanism. using an experimental deer mouse infection model in an outdoor laboratory, we tested whether infected rodents shed sn virus in urine, feces, and saliva, whether infected mice transmit infection to naïve cage mates, and whether infected dams are able to vertically transmit virus or antibody ...	2002	12097572
elevated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.	hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is a life-threatening respiratory disease characterized by profound pulmonary edema and myocardial depression. most cases of hcps in north america are caused by sin nombre virus (snv), which is carried asymptomatically by deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). the underlying pathophysiology of hcps is poorly understood. we hypothesized that pathogenic snv infection results in increased generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (rons), which contribute ...	2002	12134039
in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate in drinking water: effects on developing deer mice at postnatal day 21.	the effects of in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate (ap), a component of rocket fuel and a thyroid toxicant, on developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were evaluated. breeding pairs were dosed continuously with 0, 1 nm, 1 micro m, or 1 mm ap in drinking water, from cohabitation until pups were euthanized at postnatal day (pnd) 21. pups from the second litter were used for evaluation in this study. no significant differences were observed in any analysis performed when ...	2002	12167219
developmental plasticity in aerobic performance in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	while several studies have examined the abiotic effects of altitude (low ambient temperatures and hypoxia) on the aerobic performance of small mammals, few have explored the effects of development and maturation at different altitudes on aerobic performance as adults. we examined the basal metabolism and aerobic performance of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) under four different developmental and testing regimes: (1) reared (gestation through weaning) and tested at high altitude; (2) reared a ...	2002	12208296
spatiotemporal patterns in the hantavirus infection.	we present a model of the infection of hantavirus in deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, based on biological observations of the system in the north american southwest. the results of the analysis shed light on relevant observations of the biological system, such as the sporadical disappearance of the infection, and the existence of foci or "refugia" that perform as reservoirs of the virus when environmental conditions are less than optimal.	2002	12241389
infection dynamics of sin nombre virus after a widespread decline in host populations.	many researchers have speculated that infection dynamics of sin nombre virus are driven by density patterns of its major host, peromyscus maniculatus. few, if any, studies have examined this question systematically at a realistically large spatial scale, however. we collected data from 159 independent field sites within a 1 million-hectare study area in nevada and california, from 1995-1998. in 1997, there was a widespread and substantial reduction in host density. this reduction in host density ...	2002	12408674
adrenal gland differences associated with puberty and reproductive inhibition in peromyscus maniculatus.	laboratory populations of the prairie deermouse (peromyscus maniculatus) reach a growth asymptote due primarily to the failure of more than 90% of the young born into the population to mature sexually. this inhibition is reversible; when young are removed from the inhibiting influence of the population more than 75% will reproduce within 80 days of pairing. interestingly, the mechanism of this inhibition does not involve the degree of adrenal hypertrophy as reported in rats and housemice. we rep ...	2002	12441120
satellite imagery characterizes local animal reservoir populations of sin nombre virus in the southwestern united states.	the relationship between the risk of hantaviral pulmonary syndrome (hps), as estimated from satellite imagery, and local rodent populations was examined. hps risk, predicted before rodent sampling, was highly associated with the abundance of peromyscus maniculatus, the reservoir of sin nombre virus (snv). p. maniculatus were common in high-risk sites, and populations in high-risk areas were skewed toward adult males, the subclass most frequently infected with snv. in the year after an el niño so ...	2002	12473747
persistent sin nombre virus infection in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) model: sites of replication and strand-specific expression.	to address sin nombre (sn) virus persistence in deer mice, we sacrificed experimentally infected deer mice at eight time points from day 21 to day 217 postinoculation (p.i.) and examined their tissues for viral nucleocapsid (n) antigen expression and both negative-strand (genomic) and positive-strand (replicative/mrna) viral s segment rna titers. all the animals that we inoculated developed persistent infections, and sn virus could be isolated from tissues throughout the course of infection. the ...	2003	12502867
effects of in utero and lactational ammonium perchlorate exposure on thyroid gland histology and thyroid and sex hormones in developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) through postnatal day 21.	thyroid gland hormone levels and histology and sex hormone levels in developing deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were measured following in utero and lactational exposure to ammonium perchlorate (ap), a component of rocket fuel and a thyroid toxicant. breeding pairs were dosed continuously with 0, 1 nm, 1 micro m, or 1 mm concentrations of ap in drinking water from the time of cohabitation until pups from the third litter were weaned. pups from the second litter were used for evaluation in thi ...	2002	12515590
bartonella strains from ground squirrels are identical to bartonella washoensis isolated from a human patient.	the most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in washoe county, nev., was identified by comparison of dna sequences of three genes (citrate synthase glta, 60-kda heat shock protein gene groel, and 16s rrna gene) of bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of bartonella isolates obtained from the following nevada rodents: peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), tamias minimus (11 isolates), spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and spermophilus beechey ...	2003	12574261
hantavirus.	sin nombre virus (snv), an emerging pathogen in the united states, was identified in 1993. this hantavirus, a member of the bunyaviridae family of rna viruses, is transmitted by its reservoir host peromyscus maniculatus, the deer mouse. transmission is by inhalation of aerosolized feces, urine, or saliva from the infected mice. the illness that pursues, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), is characterized initially by mild flu-like symptoms, followed by rapid progression to respiratory distress ...	2003	12587657
age and aerobic performance in deer mice.	age impacts the phenotype of all multicellular animals, but lifetime changes in physiological traits are poorly understood for all but a few species. here, we describe a cross-sectional study of age effects on body composition, aerobic performance and ventilation in deer mice peromyscus maniculatus. this species lives considerably longer in captivity (in excess of 5 years) than most laboratory rodents, and the adaptational biology of its aerobic physiology is well studied. our deer mice grew thr ...	2003	12604582
marine resources subsidize insular rodent populations in the gulf of california, mexico.	inputs of energy and nutrients from one ecosystem may subsidize consumers in adjacent ones, with significant consequences for local communities and food webs. we used stable isotope and faecal pellet analysis to quantify use of ocean-derived resources by small mammals on islands in the gulf of california, mexico. rodents were live-trapped on grids originating near shore and extending 125-200 m inland to evaluate the extent to which rodents transport marine nutrients inland, and to determine whet ...	2003	12647121
experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to residents in a native american community in new mexico.	we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of rodent proofing continuously occupied homes as a method for lowering the risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) among residents of a native american community in northwestern new mexico. rodent proofing of dwellings was paired with culturally appropriate health education. seventy homes were randomly assigned to treatment or control categories. treatment homes were rodent-proofed by sealing openings around foundations, doors, roofs, and ...	2002	12653299
spontaneous gallstone formation in deer mice: interaction of cholesterol, bile acids, and dietary fiber.	a study of the physiologic and ecologic factors involved in a spontaneous seasonal gallstone cycle of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gambelii) was conducted at the tulelake national wildlife refuge (california, usa) from march 1991 to june 1992. the specific hypothesis examined was whether or not seasonal increases in dietary fiber intake provides the necessary conditions for a solubility defect, or supersaturation mechanism, resulting in precipitation of cholesterol gallstones. results indic ...	2003	12685073
testicular histopathology in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) following exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl.	adult deer mice testes were subjected to routine histopathology following exposure to aroclor 1254 supplemented diet (5 ppm), for 30 days. body and testicular weight revealed no statistical significance between the control and treated animals. from a histological standpoint the testes of the controls were similar to normal murids and other animals. in contrast, the testes from treated animals displayed seminiferous tubules with significant degenerative alterations. these alterations included few ...	2003	12729713
rapid and simple method for screening wild rodents for antibodies to sin nombre hantavirus.	sin nombre hantavirus (snv) is the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in the united states and canada. hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is a zoonotic disease. the most common reservoir is the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), although numerous other species of wild rodent can carry the viruses that cause hcps throughout the americas. infected rodents show no signs of clinical disease but they develop persistent infection. sin nombre virus can be contracte ...	2003	12910753
analyses of gene flow among populations of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) at sites near hantavirus pulmonary syndrome case-patient residences.	gene flow and potential for sin nombre virus (snv) trafficking of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) was studied in delta and mesa counties of western colorado (usa). the study areas included grand mesa and surrounding grazing and agricultural areas. this area has several natural potential barriers to rodent gene flow, including rivers, cliffs, and mountains. ten study sites were utilized in a spatially nested design ranging from 0.65-81 km apart; four of these sites were at or near human h ...	2003	12910755
vector competence of ixodes pacificus and i. spinipalpis (acari: ixodidae), and reservoir competence of the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes) and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), for borrelia bissettii.	we investigated the experimental vector competence of ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls and ixodes spinipalpis hadwen and nuttall, and the reservoir competence of the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes baird) and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus [wagner]), for borrelia bissettii postic, marti ras, lane, hendson, and baranton. both rodent species are capable reservoirs for b. bissettii; infection rates for i. pacificus or i. spinipalpis nymphs fed as larvae on infected animals ranged fr ...	2003	12943110
histologic study of the skin of hairless american deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gambeli).		1957	13443615
effects of early handling upon adult behavior in two subspecies of deermice, peromyscus maniculatus.		1959	13641470
the rearing of homozygous hairless deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus gambeli, with a note of superfetation or delayed fertilization.		1959	13659440
the isolation of leptospira hyos from a new host, peromyscus maniculatus.		1959	13663566
definitive host relationships of the helminth parasites of the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, in the bonneville basin of utah.		1960	13709248
effect of altitude on endurance running of peromyscus maniculatus.		1961	13714810
factors concerned with the epizootiology of capillaria hepatica (bancroft, 1893) (nematoda) in a population of peromyscus maniculatus in algonquin park. canada.		1960	13824755
a gel diffusion analysis of saline-soluble antigens of two species of mice, peromyscus maniculatus and mus musculus.		1961	13883683
a comparison of body weight and thyroid gland activity in two subspecies of peromyscus maniculatus from birth to 70 days of age.		1961	13889806
the differential effects of chlorpromazine and pentobarbital on two forms of conditioned avoidance behavior in peromyscus maniculatus gracilis.		1962	14001535
separation of the public symphysis during pregnancy and after treatment with relaxin in two sub-species of peromyscus maniculatus.		1961	14009892
age of weaning in two subspecies of deer mice.	weaning age in deer mice is defined as the age at which the young mice maintain or gain weight during a 24-hour period of isolation; mice younger than weaning age lose weight. two subspecies of deer mice differed in weaning age; the age for peromyscus maniculatus bairdii was 18 days; for p. m. gracilis, 24 days. age and food consumption were better predictors of the weaning condition, as defined in terms of weight change with isolation, than body weight.	1963	14032839
activity rhythm in peromyscus: its influence on rates of recovery from nembutal.	injection of sublethal doses of nembutal (sodium pentobarbital) into deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus rufinus (merriam), at diflerent times in their daily activity cycle revealed large differences in rates of recovery. by taking the phase of the circadian rhythm into account, the accuracy obtained in pharmaceutical and physiological bioassays could be increased.	1963	14075704
variation in the weight of the adrenal, pituitary and thyroid gland of the white-footed mouse, peromyscus maniculatus.		1964	14109486
bound and free corticosteroid in the plasma of two subspecies of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) after exposure to a low ambient temperature.		1964	14231134
autosomally determined polymorphism of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in peromyscus.	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase commonly occurs in at least two forms in most tissues of the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, as demonstrated by starch-gel electrophoresis. an autosomally determined genetic polymorphism in one of the enzymes was discovered. a hybrid molecule occurs in the heterozygote; this suggests a dimeric structure of this enzyme.	1965	14289612
effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf piñon pine (pinus monophylla).	the effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf piñon pine (pinus monophylla) was investigated in field enclosures. the rodent species were panamint kangaroo rat (dipodomys panamintinus), great basin pocket mouse (perognathus parvus), pinyon mouse (peromyscus truei), deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), least chipmunk (tamias minimus), and white-tailed antelope ground squirrel (ammospermophilus leucurus). five measures of seed harvesting and caching behavior were assessed ...	2004	14534782
maximal aerobic performance of deer mice in combined cold and exercise challenges.	in nature, animals frequently need to deal with several physiological challenges simultaneously. we examined thermoregulatory performance (body temperature stability) and maximal oxygen consumption of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) during intense exercise at room temperature, acute cold exposure, and exercise during cold exposure. results with exercise and cold exposure alone were consistent with previous studies: there was little difference between maximal metabolism elicited by exercise al ...	2004	14569409
generation of a recombinant cytomegalovirus for expression of a hantavirus glycoprotein.	a cytomegalovirus (cmv) was isolated from its natural host, peromyscus maniculatus, and was designated peromyscus cmv (pcmv). a recombinant pcmv was constructed that contained sin nombre virus glycoprotein g1 (snv-g1) fused in frame to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene inserted into a site homologous to the human cmv ul33 (p33) gene. the recombinant cmv was used for expression and immunization of deer mice against snv-g1. the results of the study indicate that p. maniculatus cou ...	2003	14581557
cold-acclimation in peromyscus: temporal effects and individual variation in maximum metabolism and ventilatory traits.	thermal acclimation in small endotherms provides an excellent model for the study of physiological plasticity, as energy requirements can be easily manipulated and the results are relevant for natural conditions. nevertheless, how physiology changes throughout acclimation, and how individuals vary in their response to acclimation, remain poorly understood. here we describe a high temporal-resolution study of cold acclimation in the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus. the experimental design was b ...	2004	14668313
cloning and characterization of deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) cytokine and chemokine cdnas.	sin nombre virus (snv) establishes a persistent infection in the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. a strong antibody response occurs in response to snv infection, but the role of the innate immune response is unclear. to address this issue, we have initiated an effort to identify and characterize deer mouse cytokine and chemokine genes. such cytokines and chemokines are involved in various aspects of immunity, including the transition from innate to adaptive responses, type i and type ii respo ...	2004	14720307
relative roles of mutation and recombination in generating allelic polymorphism at an mhc class ii locus in peromyscus maniculatus.	the mhc class ii loci encoding cell surface antigens exhibit extremely high allelic polymorphism. there is considerable uncertainty in the literature over the relative roles of recombination and de novo mutation in generating this diversity. we studied class ii sequence diversity and allelic polymorphism in two populations of peromyscus maniculatus, which are among the most widespread and abundant mammals of north america. we find that intragenic recombination (or gene conversion) has been the p ...	2003	14768893
life-history studies on two molecular strains of mesocestoides (cestoda: mesocestoididae): identification of sylvatic hosts and infectivity of immature life stages.	life-cycle studies were conducted on 2 molecular strains of mesocestoides tapeworms that represent different evolutionary lineages (clades a and b). wild carnivores, reptiles, and rodents were examined for tapeworm infections at 2 enzootic sites: (1) san miguel island (smi), a small island off the coast of southern california and (2) hopland research and extension center (hrec), a field station in northern california. results indicate that deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and coyotes (canis la ...	2004	15040675
element content in tissues of four rodent species sampled in the geysers geothermal steamfield.	liver and kidney tissue samples from four rodent species collected in the geysers geothermal steamfield of northern california were analyzed for content of 28 elements. element concentrations in samples from the developed region of the geysers were compared with samples from undeveloped reference regions to determine the influence of geothermal power development on element content in small mammal tissues. eight elements (b, ca, cu, mg, mn, p, sr, ti) were enriched in samples from the geysers, 12 ...	1989	15092429
effect of smelter emissions on the hemogram of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	blood samples were obtained from 284 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) live-trapped near two base metal smelters in northern manitoba, canada. hemoglobin and hematocrit values were significantly higher in mice trapped within 40-70 km of the smelters compared to those in control areas 185 to 190 km from the smelter. these increases appear to be normal physiological responses to a mild respiratory stress, as in a true secondary polycythemia of anoxic tupe. the mice are sensitive bioindicators of ...	1988	15092500
concentrations of metals in mink and other mammals from washington and idaho.	from 1981 to 1983, concentrations of metals were determined in mink mustela vison, muskrats ondatra zibethica, and small mammals at one contaminated site in idaho and at two less contaminated sites in idaho and washington. the highest concentrations of pb and cd occurred in samples from the coeur d'alene river system near or downstream from an extensive mining-smelting complex in northern idaho. maximum concentrations of pb in the liver of a mink (22 microg g(-1)) and in pooled liver samples of ...	1987	15092768
genetic relatedness of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) infected with sin nombre virus.	the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is the primary rodent host of sin nombre virus (snv), the principal etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states. many characteristics of snv infections of deer mice are unknown. to better understand the transmission mechanisms of snv in deer mice, we conducted mark-recapture sampling and genetic analyses to study deer mouse population density and genetic relatedness from 2001 to 2002. we genotyped each deer mouse at 10 microsatell ...	2004	15228816
natural selection drives altitudinal divergence at the albumin locus in deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus.	in populations that are distributed across steep environmental gradients, the potential for local adaptation is largely determined by the spatial scale of fitness variation relative to dispersal distance. since altitudinal gradients are generally characterized by dramatic ecological transitions over relatively short linear distances, adaptive divergence across such gradients will typically require especially strong selection to counterbalance the homogenizing effect of gene flow. here we report ...	2004	15266982
detection and characterization of borrelia bissettii in rodents from the central california coast.	this is the first report of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from san luis obispo county, with most isolates obtained from a previously unreported host, neotoma lepida thomas. b. burgdorferi sensu lato was identified in seven rodent species, including the california vole, microtus californicus peale; dusky-footed woodrat, neotoma fuscipes baird; desert woodrat, neotoma lepida thomas; brush mouse, peromyscus boylii baird; california mouse, peromyscus californicus gambel; deer mouse, per ...	2004	15311469
effects of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene on wild rodents at edwards air force base, california, usa.	effects of inhalation of volatilized trichloroethylene (tce) or perchloroethylene (pce) were assessed based on the health and population size of wild, burrowing mammals at edwards air force base (ca, usa). organic soil-vapor concentrations were measured at three sites with aquifer contamination of tce or pce of 5.5 to 77 mg/l and at two uncontaminated reference sites. population estimates of kangaroo rats (dipodomys merriami and d. panamintinus) as well as hematology, blood chemistry, and histop ...	2004	15378993
eubrachylaelaps debilis, a new laelaptid mite (acarina: laelaptidae) parasitic on the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus (mammalia: cricetidae).		1950	15402958
generation of competent bone marrow-derived antigen presenting cells from the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	human infections with sin nombre virus (snv) and related new world hantaviruses often lead to hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), a sometimes fatal illness. lungs of patients who die from hcps exhibit cytokine-producing mononuclear infiltrates and pronounced pulmonary inflammation. deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal natural hosts of snv, in which the virus establishes life-long persistence without conspicuous pathology. little is known about the mechanisms snv employs t ...	2004	15458574
identification of a monoclonal antibody from peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) cytomegalovirus (pcmv) which binds to a protein with homology to the human cmv matrix protein hcmv pp71.	in this study we identified and characterized a monoclonal antibody against the matrix protein of a cytomegalovirus isolated from the common deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) (pcmv). the monoclonal antibody was isolated using previously described technology which could be applied to the production of monoclonal antibodies against zoonotic disease. the antibody was found to react with a protein homologous to the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) matrix protein (pp71), the product of the ul82 open re ...	2005	15582693
microsatellite variation and evolution in the peromyscus maniculatus species group.	variation at 12 pure-repeat dinucleotide microsatellites from peromyscus maniculatus was analyzed for samples of all species in the p. maniculatus species group and p. leucopus. except for one locus (pml08) that amplified a product only for p. maniculatus, these microsatellites yielded reliable estimates of variation across these species; per-locus polymorphism and allele-size distribution were not significantly different among or between any of the species sampled from mainland populations. sig ...	2005	15619451
estrogen receptor alpha and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in peromyscus.	the purpose of this study was to determine the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (eralpha) and the relationship between neurons that express eralpha and produce vasopressin (avp) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (pvn) in new world mice of the genus peromyscus. brains were collected from male and female peromyscus californicus, peromyscus leucopus, peromyscus maniculatus, and peromyscus polionotus, and double labeled for the expression of eralpha and avp immunoreactivity (ir). ...	2005	15680954
rodent-flea-plague relationships at the higher elevations of san diego county, california.	rodent-flea-plague relationships were examined at sites located at higher elevations of san diego county during 1991-2002. the most frequently sampled rodents were the california ground squirrel, spermophilus beecheyi, and white-footed mice, peromyscus spp. higher seasonal mean dependent variables (prevalences of squirrels and indices of o. montana), higher mean amounts of seasonal rainfall, and lower seasonal mean ambient temperatures were found at sites during 1991--1993 compared with 2000--20 ...	2004	15707283
epizootiology of sin nombre and el moro canyon hantaviruses, southeastern colorado, 1995-2000.	sin nombre virus (snv) is an etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. to better understand the natural history of this virus we studied population dynamics and temporal pattern of infection of its rodent hosts in southeastern colorado (usa) from 1995 to 2000. we present evidence for the presence of two hantaviruses, snv in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and el moro canyon virus in western harvest mice (reithrodontomys megalotis), at our study sites. sin nombre virus appeared only sp ...	2005	15827206
population dynamics of a diverse rodent assemblage in mixed grass-shrub habitat, southeastern colorado, 1995-2000.	we followed seasonal and year-to-year population dynamics for a diverse rodent assemblage in a short-grass prairie ecosystem in southeastern colorado (usa) for 6 yr. we captured 2,798 individual rodents (range, one to 812 individuals per species) belonging to 19 species. the two most common species, deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and western harvest mice (reithrodontomys megalotis), generally had population peaks in winter and nadirs in summer; several other murid species demonstrated autumn ...	2005	15827207
ants as first intermediate hosts of mesocestoides on san miguel island, usa.	this study tested the hypotheses that ants (formicidae) function as a first intermediate host of mesocestoides (cestoda: mesocestoididae) and that deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) develop metacestode infections after ingesting cysticercoid or procercoid-infected ants. field studies were conducted at an island fox (urocyon littoralis littoralis) breeding facility located on san miguel island, california channel islands national park, usa, where > 40% of captive foxes were infected with adult me ...	2005	15831116
development and evaluation of serological assays for detection of human hantavirus infections caused by sin nombre virus.	the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) was first recognized in 1993 after a cluster of acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the southwestern of the united states. the major causative agent of hcps in north america is the sin nombre virus (snv) carried by the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus. the first hcps case imported to europe was reported in 2002.	2005	15911448
two-phase seed dispersal: linking the effects of frugivorous birds and seed-caching rodents.	frugivorous birds disperse the seeds of many fruit-bearing plants, but the fate of seeds after defecation or regurgitation is often unknown. some rodents gather and scatter hoard seeds, and some of these may be overlooked, germinate, and establish plants. we show that these two disparate modes of seed dispersal are linked in some plants. rodents removed large (>25 mg) seeds from simulated bird feces (pseudofeces) at rates of 8-50%/day and scatter hoarded them in soil. ants (formica sibylla) also ...	2005	15959820
a preliminary study of the patterns of sin nombre viral infection and shedding in naturally infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were trapped in southern manitoba, canada and tested for evidence of sin nombre virus infection. viral genome was amplified from tissues as well as saliva/oropharyngeal fluid, and urine samples were collected from seropositive animals. detection of viral rna in tissue samples and excreta/secreta from mice suggest that differences may exist between naturally infected rodents with respect to viral shedding.	2005	16011428
replication and immunoactivity of the recombinant peromyscus maniculatus cytomegalovirus expressing hantavirus g1 glycoprotein in vivo and in vitro.	previously, we have shown that cmv isolated from deer mouse could be used in vivo and in vitro to express sin nombre virus (snv) glycoprotein g1 in deer mice [rizvanov aa, van geelen ag, morzunov s, et al. generation of a recombinant cytomegalovirus for expression of a hantavirus glycoprotein. j.virol. 2003;77(22):12203-10]. in this report, we further characterize replication of wild-type (wt) and recombinant peromyscus cmv (pcmv) in vivo and in vitro using realtime pcr, and infectious center as ...	2006	16125285
peromyscus populations and their cuterebra parasites display congruent phylogeographical structure.	the relationships between populations of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) and the white-footed mouse (p. leucopus) and their respective cuterebra parasites were examined. population genetic structure of hosts and parasites was inferred using cytochrome oxidase mitochondrial sequences of specimens from 7 populations. genetic analyses revealed that isolation-by-distance applies for p. maniculatus and its associated parasite (c. grisea). a significant correlation was also observed between th ...	2005	16145940
attempted isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis from native shrews in northern wisconsin, usa.	the precise ecological niche of blastomyces dermatitidis is unknown. the related dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, has been isolated from south american ground-dwelling insectivorous armadillos. we attempted to isolate blastomyces from shrews, north american ground-dwelling insectivores that have been shown to harbor histoplasma capsulatum in endemic areas. forty-seven masked shrews (sorex cinereus) and 13 northern short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) were collected in endemic ...	2005	16178369
the eye of the laboratory mouse remains anatomically adapted for natural conditions.	evolutionary effects of domestication have been demonstrated for several body systems, including the eye, and for several vertebrate species, including the mouse. given the importance of the laboratory mouse to vision science, we wished to determine whether the anatomical and histological features of the eyes of laboratory mice are distinct from those of their naturally adapted, wild counterparts. we measured dimensions and masses of whole eyes and lenses from a wild population plus three inbred ...	2006	16219997
long-term dynamics of sin nombre viral rna and antibody in deer mice in montana.	infections with hantaviruses in the natural host rodent may result in persistent, asymptomatic infections involving shedding of virus into the environment. laboratory studies have partially characterized the acute and persistent infection by sin nombre virus (snv) in its natural host, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). however, these studies have posed questions that may best be addressed using longitudinal studies involving sequential sampling of individual wild-caught, naturally infected ...	2005	16244056
mystr: an endogenous retrovirus family in mammals that is undergoing recent amplifications to unprecedented copy numbers.	a large percentage of the repetitive elements in mammalian genomes are retroelements, which have been moved primarily by line-1 retrotransposons and endogenous retroviruses. although line-1 elements have remained active throughout the mammalian radiation, specific groups of endogenous retroviruses generally remain active for comparatively shorter periods of time. identification of an unusual extinction of line-1 activity in a group of south american rodents has opened a window for examination of ...	2005	16282470
development of a deer mouse whole-genome radiation hybrid panel and comparative mapping of mus chromosome 11 loci.	a 5000-rad whole-genome radiation hybrid cell panel (bw5000) was developed for mapping the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) genome. the panel consists of 103 cell lines and has an estimated marker retention frequency of 63.9% (range, 28%-88%) based on pcr typing of 30 type i (coding gene) and 25 type ii (microsatellite) markers. using the composite mus map, type i markers were selected from six mus chromosomes, 22 of which are on mus chr 11. fifteen of the mus chr 11 markers were simu ...	2006	16416089
prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica in certain central iowa.	bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from 6 of 13 short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and 1 of 47 house sparrows (passer domesticus) trapped in the vicinity of a swine bordetella rhinitis experimental area. the organism was found in four of 50 foxes (vulpes fulva), 2 of 36 opossums (didelphis marsupialis) and 1 of 37 raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped in the ames, iowa area. this bacterium was not culturally isolated from 14 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), 64 house mice (mus musculus), ...	1976	16502690
reproductive effects of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) during a controlled exposure study.	contamination with hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (royal demolition explosive [rdx]) has been identified at areas of explosive manufacturing, processing, storage, and usage. thus, the potential exists for exposure to n-nitroso compounds, hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine, hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine, and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (tnx), formed via anaerobic transformation of rdx. following exposure, reproductive toxicity of tnx was evaluat ...	2006	16519305
susceptibility of various species of rodents to the relapsing fever spirochete, borrelia hermsii.	in a study to determine susceptibility to borrelia hermsii of various rodents commonly found in or near places where human cases of relapsing fever occurred, chipmunks (eutamias amoenus), pine squirrels (tamiasciurus hudsonicus richardsoni), flying squirrels (glaucomys sabrinus), columbian ground squirrels (spermophilus columbianus columbianus), golden-mantled ground squirrels (s. lateralis tescorum), wood rats (neotoma cinerea cinerea), white-footed deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), and meado ...	1970	16557828
phylogeographic population structure of red-winged blackbirds assessed by mitochondrial dna.	a continent-wide survey of restriction-site variation in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the red-winged blackbird (agelaius phoeniceus) was conducted to assess the magnitude of phylogeographic population structure in an avian species. a total of 34 mtdna genotypes was observed among the 127 specimens assayed by 18 restriction endonucleases. nonetheless, population differentiation was minor, as indicated by (i) small genetic distances in terms of base substitutions per nucleotide site between mtdna ...	1988	16593914
biological control agents elevate hantavirus by subsidizing deer mouse populations.	biological control of exotic invasive plants using exotic insects is practiced under the assumption that biological control agents are safe if they do not directly attack non-target species. we tested this assumption by evaluating the potential for two host-specific biological control agents (urophora spp.), widely established in north america for spotted knapweed (centaurea maculosa) control, to indirectly elevate sin nombre hantavirus by providing food subsidies to populations of deer mice (pe ...	2006	16623730
thyroid function and reproductive success in rodents exposed to perchlorate via food and water.	the purpose of the present study was to determine if exposure to perchlorate via food items would have effects on mammals similar to those caused by exposure through drinking water at approximately equivalent doses. prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were used to assess the potential toxicity of perchlorate-contaminated food items. voles and mice were divided randomly into three treatment groups--perchlorate-contaminated food (pcf), perchlorate-contaminat ...	2006	16629144
jaw muscle functional anatomy in northern grasshopper mouse, onychomys leucogaster, a carnivorous murid.	the jaw muscle anatomy of the northern grasshopper mouse, onychomys leucogaster, was observed and the mechanical basis of the insectivorous/carnivorous adaptations were examined. compared with peromyscus maniculatus, a granivorous relative of onychomys, there is a reduction of some aponeuroses within the masseter deep layer. this characteristic indicates that shearing meat or crushing arthropod exoskeletons requires less occlusal pressure than does grinding plant material. in onychomys both the ...	2006	16710844
mammal and flea relationships in the great basin desert: from h. j. egoscue's collections.	host-parasite association among 58 flea species parasitizing 40 mammal species in the great basin desert of the western united states was investigated. increased flea species richness was correlated with larger geographic ranges and stable locomotion of hosts. hosts from habitats of moderately low productivity (sage and grass) and of peromyscus maniculatus size, 10-33 g, had the highest flea species richness. larger hosts had fewer flea species, but fleas were more prevalent. increased host spec ...	2006	16729681
phylogeography of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) provides a predictive framework for research on hantaviruses.	phylogeographical partitioning of sin nombre and monongahela viruses (hantaviruses) may reflect that of their primary rodent host, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). lack of a comprehensive assessment of phylogeographical variation of the host has precluded the possibility of predicting spatial limits of existing strains of these viruses or geographical regions where novel viral strains might emerge. the complete cytochrome b gene was sequenced for 206 deer mice collected from sites throug ...	2006	16760402
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--five states, 2006.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a rodentborne viral disease characterized by severe pulmonary illness and a case-fatality ratio of 30%-40%. sin nombre virus causes the majority of hps cases in the united states, and the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is its predominant reservoir. this report describes an increase in human cases of hps reported during january-march 2006 from arizona, new mexico, north dakota, texas, and washington state. the findings emphasize the need for renewed att ...	2006	16760891
genealogical concordance and the specific status of peromyscus sejugis.	peromyscus sejugis, a peripheral isolate of peromyscus maniculatus, is a threatened taxon endemic to 2 small islands in the sea of cortés. although its insularity makes the specific recognition of p. sejugis inherently problematic, resolution of this problem has important conservation implications. to evaluate the specific validity and evolutionary history of p. sejugis, we compared sequence variation (nd3/nd4l/nd4) in mtdna for both island populations of p. sejugis with that for 8 populations o ...	2006	16785280
host usage and seasonal activity patterns of ixodes kingi and i. sculptus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in a colorado prairie landscape, with a summary of published north american host records for all life stages.	we examined host usage and seasonal activity patterns of the nymphal stage of the ticks ixodes kingi and i. sculptus within a prairie rodent community in north-central colorado. ixodes kingi was commonly encountered on both northern grasshopper mice (onychomys leucogaster) and thirteen-lined ground squirrels (spermophilus tridecemlineatus), whereas i. sculptus frequently infested s. tridecemlineatus but was absent from o. leucogaster. low numbers of ticks of both species were collected from deer ...	2006	16859106
is bmr repeatable in deer mice? organ mass correlates and the effects of cold acclimation and natal altitude.	basal metabolic rate (bmr) is probably the most studied aspect of energy metabolism in vertebrate endotherms. numerous papers have explored its mass allometry, phylogenetic and ecological relationships, and ontogeny. implicit in many of these studies (and explicit in some) is the view that bmr responds to selection, which requires repeatability and heritability. however, bmr is highly plastic in response to numerous behavioral and environmental factors and there are surprisingly few data on its ...	2007	16897038
immunological memory is compromised by food restriction in deer mice peromyscus maniculatus.	the immune system protects organisms against infection, but this protection presumably comes at a cost. here, we asked whether food restriction would compromise the ability of an organism to generate an immune response on reexposure to an antigen, which would represent a functional cost of immunological memory. immunological memory is generated when b and t lymphocytes sensitive to components of pathogens (i.e., antigens) proliferate after exposure and persist in circulation to hinder reinfectio ...	2007	16902185
profiling helper t cell subset gene expression in deer mice.	deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) are the most common mammals in north america and are reservoirs for several zoonotic agents, including sin nombre virus (snv), the principal etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in north america. unlike human hcps patients, snv-infected deer mice show no overt pathological symptoms, despite the presence of virus in the lungs. a neutralizing igg antibody response occurs, but the virus establishes a persistent infection. limitations of de ...	2006	16916450
refractoriness of the western fence lizard (sceloporus occidentalis) to the lyme disease group spirochete borrelia bissettii.	the western fence lizard, sceloporus occidentalis, is refractory to experimental infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, one of several lyme disease spirochetes pathogenic for humans. another member of the lyme disease spirochete complex, borrelia bissettii, is distributed widely throughout north america and a similar, if not identical, spirochete has been implicated as a human pathogen in southern europe. to determine the susceptibility of s. occidentalis to b. bissettii, 6 naïve liz ...	2006	16995383
prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals in new york state.	intensive small mammal trapping was conducted in 12 counties in new york state during 1998-2000 to investigate the prevalence and site specificity of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi in, and presence of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say on, the wild mice peromyscus leucopus rafinesque and peromyscus maniculatus wagner and other small mammal species. previously captured mice (1992-1997) from throughout new york state also were recruited into the study, providing a total ...	2006	17017230
age-dependent characterization of pendrin gene expression in various tissues of deer mice.	pendrin is a membrane transport protein which functions as the transporter of chloride, bicarbonate, formate, and iodide. in this study, we characterized pendrin gene expression in various tissues of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), a sentinel wildlife species. deer mice were euthanized at post-natal day (pnd) 21 (day of weaning) and pnd 45 (24 days post-weaning) for tissue collection. a deer mouse-specific partial pendrin cdna sequence was generated, from which taqman-specific probe and prim ...	2006	17055311
small mammals and forest fuel reduction: national-scale responses to fire and fire surrogates.	forest fuel reduction treatments are increasingly used by managers to reduce the risk of high-severity wildfire and to manage changes in the ecological function of forests. however, comparative ecological effects of the various types of treatments are poorly understood. we examined short-term patterns in small-mammal responses to mechanical thinning, prescribed-fire, and mechanical thinning/prescribed-fire combination treatments at eight different study areas across the united states as a part o ...	2006	17069366
schistosome infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus): impacts on host physiology, behavior and energetics.	animals routinely encounter environmental stressors and may employ phenotypic plasticity to compensate for the costs of these perturbations. parasites represent an ecologically important stressor for animals, which may induce host plasticity. the present study examined the effects of a trematode parasite, schistosomatium douthitti, on deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) physiology, behavior and energetics. measures were taken to assess direct parasite pathology as well as potential host plastici ...	2006	17142691
photoperiod affects daily torpor and tissue fatty acid composition in deer mice.	photoperiod and dietary lipids both influence thermal physiology and the pattern of torpor of heterothermic mammals. the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that photoperiod-induced physiological changes are linked to differences in tissue fatty acid composition of deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus ( approximately 18-g body mass). deer mice were acclimated for >8 weeks to one of three photoperiods (ld, light/dark): ld 8:16 (short photoperiod), ld 12:12 (equinox photoperiod), and ...	2007	17160415
use of igg avidity to indirectly monitor epizootic transmission of sin nombre virus in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	an igg avidity assay was developed to differentiate deer mice that had recently acquired sin nombre virus (snv) from those that were infected in the distant past. using this procedure, low avidity antibodies were predominantly detected in experimentally infected deer mice (89.5%) within the first 30 days post-inoculation. the assay was then applied to sera from naturally infected deer mice collected during a field investigation associated with a cluster of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases. a ...	2006	17172381