Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| unrecognized circulation of sat 1 foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle herds around queen elizabeth national park in uganda. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is endemic in uganda in spite of the control measures used. various aspects of the maintenance and circulation of fmd viruses (fmdv) in uganda are not well understood; these include the role of the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) as a reservoir for fmdv. to better understand the epidemiology of fmd at the livestock-wildlife-interface, samples were collected from young, unvaccinated cattle from 24 pastoral herds that closely interact with wildlife around queen eliza ... | 2016 | 26739166 |
| cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae): molecular and biological evidence of cryptic species within gastric cryptosporidium of mammals. | the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium muris strain ts03 are described, and the species name cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. is proposed. cryptosporidium proliferans obtained from a naturally infected east african mole rat (tachyoryctes splendens) in kenya was propagated under laboratory conditions in rodents (scid mice and southern multimammate mice, mastomys coucha) and used in experiments to examine oocyst morphology and transmission. dna from the p ... | 2016 | 26771460 |
| erratum to: genetic structure of fragmented southern populations of african cape buffalo (syncerus caffer caffer). | 2016 | 26792580 | |
| african buffalo movement and zoonotic disease risk across transfrontier conservation areas, southern africa. | we report on the long-distance movements of subadult female buffalo within a transfrontier conservation area in africa. our observations confirm that bovine tuberculosis and other diseases can spread between buffalo populations across national parks, community land, and countries, thus posing a risk to animal and human health in surrounding wildlife areas. | 2016 | 26812531 |
| field application of immunoassays for the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is considered the most important maintenance host of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in wildlife in southern africa. the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in this species mostly relies on the single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (sictt). as an alternative, the bovigam® 1g, an interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) release assay, is frequently used. the test performance of cell-mediated immunity (cmi-) and humoral immunity (hi-) based assays for the detection ... | 2016 | 26827841 |
| transmission of foot and mouth disease at the wildlife/livestock interface of the kruger national park, south africa: can the risk be mitigated? | in southern africa, the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is the natural reservoir of foot and mouth disease (fmd). contacts between this species and cattle are responsible for most of the fmd outbreaks in cattle at the edge of protected areas, which generate huge economic losses. during the late 1980's and 90's, the erection of veterinary cordon fences and the regular vaccination of cattle exposed to buffalo contact at the interface of the kruger national park (knp), proved to be efficient to c ... | 2016 | 26848115 |
| solving the traveling salesman's problem using the african buffalo optimization. | this paper proposes the african buffalo optimization (abo) which is a new metaheuristic algorithm that is derived from careful observation of the african buffalos, a species of wild cows, in the african forests and savannahs. this animal displays uncommon intelligence, strategic organizational skills, and exceptional navigational ingenuity in its traversal of the african landscape in search for food. the african buffalo optimization builds a mathematical model from the behavior of this animal an ... | 2016 | 26880872 |
| threats from the past: barbados green monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus) fear leopards after centuries of isolation. | ability to recognize and differentiate between predators and non-predators is a crucial component of successful anti-predator behavior. while there is evidence that both genetic and experiential mechanisms mediate anti-predator behaviors in various animal species, it is unknown to what extent each of these two mechanisms are utilized by the green monkey (chlorocebus sabaeus). green monkeys on the west indies island of barbados offer a unique opportunity to investigate the underpinnings of anti-p ... | 2016 | 26910174 |
| absolute quantification of the host-to-parasite dna ratio in theileria parva-infected lymphocyte cell lines. | theileria parva is a tick-transmitted intracellular apicomplexan pathogen of cattle in sub-saharan africa that causes east coast fever (ecf). ecf is an acute fatal disease that kills over one million cattle annually, imposing a tremendous burden on african small-holder cattle farmers. the pathology and level of t. parva infections in its wildlife host, african buffalo (syncerus caffer), and in cattle are distinct. we have developed an absolute quantification method based on quantitative pcr (qpc ... | 2016 | 26930209 |
| differential persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in african buffalo is related to virus virulence. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus (fmdv) circulates as multiple serotypes and strains in many regions of endemicity. in particular, the three southern african territories (sat) serotypes are maintained effectively in their wildlife reservoir, the african buffalo, and individuals may harbor multiple sat serotypes for extended periods in the pharyngeal region. however, the exact site and mechanism for persistence remain unclear. fmd in buffaloes offers a unique opportunity to study fmdv persisten ... | 2016 | 26962214 |
| investigating the diversity of the 18s ssu rrna hyper-variable region of theileria in cattle and cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) from southern africa using a next generation sequencing approach. | molecular classification and systematics of the theileria is based on the analysis of the 18s rrna gene. reverse line blot or conventional sequencing approaches have disadvantages in the study of 18s rrna diversity and a next-generation 454 sequencing approach was investigated. the 18s rrna gene was amplified using rlb primers coupled to 96 unique sequence identifiers (mids). theileria positive samples from african buffalo (672) and cattle (480) from southern africa were combined in batches of 9 ... | 2016 | 27084674 |
| within guild co-infections influence parasite community membership: a longitudinal study in african buffalo. | experimental studies in laboratory settings have demonstrated a critical role of parasite interactions in shaping parasite communities. the sum of these interactions can produce diverse effects on individual hosts as well as influence disease emergence and persistence at the population level. a predictive framework for the effects of parasite interactions in the wild remains elusive, largely because of limited longitudinal or experimental data on parasite communities of free-ranging hosts. this ... | 2016 | 27084785 |
| the stability of plasma ip-10 enhances its utility for the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | the measurement of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (ip-10) in antigen-stimulated whole blood is a sensitive biomarker of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). however, this species often occurs in remote locations and diagnostic samples must be transported to centralised laboratories for processing. in humans, plasma ip-10 is highly stable and this feature contributes to its diagnostic utility; for this reason we aimed to characterize the stability of this mol ... | 2016 | 27090621 |
| transmission of foot-and-mouth disease sat2 viruses at the wildlife-livestock interface of two major transfrontier conservation areas in southern africa. | over a decade ago, foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) re-emerged in southern africa specifically in beef exporting countries that had successfully maintained disease-free areas in the past. fmd virus (fmdv) serotype sat2 has been responsible for a majority of these outbreaks. epidemiological studies have revealed the importance of the african buffalo as the major wildlife fmd reservoir in the region. we used phylogeographic analysis to study dynamics of fmd transmission between buffalo and domestic ca ... | 2016 | 27148217 |
| antigen-specific ip-10 release is a sensitive biomarker of mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. | the most widely used ante-mortem diagnostic tests for tuberculosis in cattle are the tuberculin skin test and the interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) release assay, both of which measure cell-mediated immune responses to mycobacterium bovis infection. however, limitations in the performance of these tests results in a failure to identify all infected animals. in attempting to increase the range of diagnostic tests for tuberculosis, measurement of the cytokine ip-10 in antigen-stimulated blood has previousl ... | 2016 | 27167122 |
| experimental insight into the process of parasite community assembly. | community assembly is a fundamental process that has long been a central focus in ecology. extending community assembly theory to communities of co-infecting parasites, we used a gastrointestinal nematode removal experiment in free-ranging african buffalo to examine the community assembly patterns and processes. we first asked whether reassembled communities differ from undisturbed communities by comparing anthelmintic-treated and control hosts. next, we examined the temporal dynamics of assembl ... | 2016 | 27174037 |
| global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 2 - epidemiology, wildlife and economics. | we assessed knowledge gaps in foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) research, and in this study, we consider (i) epidemiology, (ii) wildlife and (iii) economics. the study took the form of a literature review (2011-2015) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from across the world. findings were used to identify priority areas for future fmd research. during 2011-2015, modelling studies were dominant in the broad field of epidemiology; however, continued efforts are required ... | 2016 | 27320163 |
| molecular diagnosis and genetic diversity of tick-borne anaplasmataceae agents infecting the african buffalo syncerus caffer from marromeu reserve in mozambique. | tick-borne diseases (tbds) are very important in relation to domestic ruminants, but their occurrence among wild ruminants, mainly in the african buffalo syncerus caffer, remains little known. | 2016 | 27531003 |
| wildlife on the move: a hidden tuberculosis threat to conservation areas and game farms through introduction of untested animals. | in south africa, african buffaloes ( syncerus caffer ) are one of the wildlife maintenance hosts for bovine tuberculosis (btb) and play a key role in the spread of the disease to other wildlife species and potentially back to cattle. we report a trace-back investigation following the diagnosis of btb in a previously btb-free provincial game reserve, founded in the early 1990s in the north west province of south africa (sa). using the intradermal tuberculin and interferon gamma tests, we detected ... | 2016 | 27537933 |
| trophy hunting and sustainability: temporal dynamics in trophy quality and harvesting patterns of wild herbivores in a tropical semi-arid savanna ecosystem. | the selective nature of trophy hunting may cause changes in desirable phenotypic traits in harvested species. a decline in trophy size of preferred species may reduce hunting destination competitiveness thus compromising the sustainability of trophy hunting as a conservation tool. we explored the trophy quality and trends in harvesting patterns (i.e., 2004-2015) of cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), african elephant (loxodonta africana), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) and sable (hippotragu ... | 2016 | 27736930 |
| diagnosis and implications of mycobacterium bovis infection in banded mongooses (mungos mungo) in the kruger national park, south africa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) was first diagnosed in the kruger national park (knp) in 1990. research has since focused on the maintenance host, the african buffalo ( syncerus caffer ) and clinically affected lion ( panthera leo ). however, little is known about the role of small predators in tuberculosis epidemiology. during 2011-12, we screened banded mongooses ( mungos mungo ) in the btb high-prevalence zone of the knp for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members. fecal swabs, tracheal swabs, a ... | 2017 | 27788055 |
| mycobacterium malmesburyense sp. nov: a novel non-tuberculous mycobacterium species revealed by multiple gene sequence characterization. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous in the environment and an increasing number of ntm species have been isolated and characterized from both humans and animals, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these bacteria. host exposure to ntm may impact on cross-reactive immune responsiveness which may affect diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and may also play a role in the variability of the efficacy of mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccination against tuberculosis. in this study we character ... | 2016 | 27926825 |
| the complete genome sequence of the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is an important role player in the savannah ecosystem. it has become a species of relevance because of its role as a wildlife maintenance host for an array of infectious and zoonotic diseases some of which include corridor disease, foot-and-mouth disease and bovine tuberculosis. to date, no complete genome sequence for s. caffer had been available for study and the genomes of other species such as the domestic cow (bos taurus) had been used as a proxy for an ... | 2016 | 27927182 |
| prevalence and risk factors for mycobacterium bovis infection in african lions ( panthera leo ) in the kruger national park. | mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (btb), is endemic in the kruger national park (knp), south africa. african lions ( panthera leo ) are susceptible to btb, but the impact of the disease on lion populations is unknown. in this study, we used a novel gene expression assay for chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 9 (cxcl9) to measure the prevalence of m. bovis infection in 70 free-ranging lions that were opportunistically sampled in the southern and central regions of the kn ... | 2017 | 28122192 |
| wildlife-livestock interactions and risk areas for cross-species spread of bovine tuberculosis. | the transmission of diseases between livestock and wildlife can be a hindrance to effective disease control. maintenance hosts and contact rates should be explored to further understand the transmission dynamics at the wildlife-livestock interface. bovine tuberculosis (btb) has been shown to have wildlife maintenance hosts and has been confirmed as present in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the queen elizabeth national park (qenp) in uganda since the 1960s. the first aim of this study w ... | 2017 | 28155286 |
| molecular characterisation of anaplasma species from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in kruger national park, south africa. | bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease, mainly caused by anaplasma marginale and a. centrale and is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical areas. this study aimed to characterise a. marginale and a. centrale from african buffaloes in kruger national park (knp), south africa, using the dna sequences of the genes coding for major surface protein (msp1β) and heat shock protein (groel), respectively. a total of 747 blood samples were collected from february 2014 to august 2016 from african bu ... | 2017 | 28169172 |
| molecular biological characteristics of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the african buffalo in southern africa. | 2014 | 28235272 | |
| virulence of <i>trypanosoma congolense</i> strains isolated from cattle and african buffaloes (<i>syncerus caffer</i>) in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax are major species that infect cattle in north-eastern kwazulu-natal (kzn), south africa. of the two genetically distinct types of t. congolense, savannah and kilifi sub-groups, isolated from cattle and tsetse flies in kzn, the former is more prevalent and thought to be responsible for african animal trypanosomosis outbreaks in cattle. furthermore, variation in pathogenicity within the savannah sub-group is ascribed to strain differences and seems to b ... | 2014 | 28235282 |
| seroprevalence of rift valley fever and lumpy skin disease in african buffalo (<i>syncerus caffer</i>) in the kruger national park and hluhluwe-imfolozi park, south africa. | rift valley fever and lumpy skin disease are transboundary viral diseases endemic in africa and some parts of the middle east, but with increasing potential for global emergence. wild ruminants, such as the african buffalo (syncerus caffer), are thought to play a role in the epidemiology of these diseases. this study sought to expand the understanding of the role of buffalo in the maintenance of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) by determining seroprevalence to t ... | 2014 | 28235305 |
| large herbivores that strive mightily but eat and drink as friends. | grazing in patches of cynodon dactylon and of sporobolus spicatus by four large herbivores, and the interaction between these sedentary herbivores was studied in lake manyara national park, northern tanzania. the herbivores were the african buffalo, syncerus caffer; the african elephan, loxodonta africana; the burchell's zebra, equus burchelli; and the wildebeest, connochaetus taurinus. four different hypotheses of the interactions between the herbivores were tested, viz., increased predator det ... | 1990 | 28312674 |
| does competition regulate ungulate populations? further evidence from serengeti, tanzania. | changes in populations of several ungulate species in the serengeti-mara region of east africa over the past 30 years suggest several hypotheses for their regulation and coexistence. recent censuses in the 1980s have allowed us to test the hypotheses that: (1) there was competition between wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and thomson's gazelle (gazella thomsoni). this predicted that gazelle numbers should have declined in the 1980s when wildebeest were food limited. census figures show no chan ... | 1990 | 28312676 |
| stability in a multi-species assemblage of large herbivores in east africa. | animal census data from lake manyara national park in northern tanzania are presented. the data refer to large mammalian herbivores, that is individually heavier than twenty kg, of which the numbers were counted in nine different years between 1959 and 1984. the total biomass of these herbivores was comprised mainly of african buffalo and african elephant. five functional groups of herbivores were distinguished (buffalo, "elephant-as-grazer", "elephant-as-browser", "other grazers", and "other br ... | 1990 | 28313013 |
| a comparison of two methods for quantifying parasitic nematode fecundity. | accurate measures of nematode fecundity can provide important information for investigating parasite life history evolution, transmission potential, and effects on host health. understanding differences among fecundity assessment protocols and standardizing methods, where possible, will enable comparisons across different studies and host and parasite species and systems. using the trichostrongyle nematode cooperia fuelleborni isolated from wild african buffalo (syncerus caffer), we compared egg ... | 2017 | 28357577 |
| parameters-tuning of pid controller for automatic voltage regulators using the african buffalo optimization. | in this paper, an attempt is made to apply the african buffalo optimization (abo) to tune the parameters of a pid controller for an effective automatic voltage regulator (avr). existing metaheuristic tuning methods have been proven to be quite successful but there were observable areas that need improvements especially in terms of the system's gain overshoot and steady steady state errors. using the abo algorithm where each buffalo location in the herd is a candidate solution to the proportional ... | 2017 | 28441390 |
| toll-like receptor (tlr) diversity influences mycobacterial growth in african buffalo. | understanding the role of wildlife in the maintenance or spread of emerging infectious diseases is a growing priority across the world. bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a chronic, infectious disease caused by mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis). btb is widespread within game reserves in southern africa, and within these ecosystems the primary wildlife host of this disease is the african buffalo. we used a modified bacterial killing assay for mycobacteria to investigate the effect of toll-like receptor (t ... | 2017 | 28454655 |
| serum biochemistry panels in african buffalo: defining reference intervals and assessing variability across season, age and sex. | serum biochemical parameters can be utilized to evaluate the physiological status of an animal, and relate it to the animal's health. in order to accurately interpret individual animal biochemical results, species-specific reference intervals (ri) must be established. reference intervals for biochemical parameters differ between species, and physiological differences including reproductive status, nutritional resource availability, disease status, and age affect parameters within the same specie ... | 2017 | 28472180 |
| screening for bovine tuberculosis in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in ngorongoro conservation area, northern tanzania: implications for public health. | in the ngorongoro conservation area (nca), tanzania, where wildlife and livestock interaction is intense, greater potential for intra- and interspecies disease transmission is expected. we assessed the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) residing on the valley floor of the crater in the nca. apparently healthy animals were randomly selected from herds in nine sites of the ngorongoro crater. syncerus caffer buffalo herds were located using very high-frequency ra ... | 2017 | 28657858 |
| experimental mycobacterium bovis infection in three white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum): susceptibility, clinical and anatomical pathology. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis is endemic in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) population in the kruger national park and other conservation areas in south africa. the disease has been diagnosed in a total of 21 free ranging or semi-free ranging wildlife species in the country with highly variable presentations in terms of clinical signs as well as severity and distribution of tuberculous lesions. most species are spillover or dead-end hosts without significant role in the epidem ... | 2017 | 28686714 |
| modeling the spatial distribution of african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park, south africa. | the population density of wildlife reservoirs contributes to disease transmission risk for domestic animals. the objective of this study was to model the african buffalo distribution of the kruger national park. a secondary objective was to collect field data to evaluate models and determine environmental predictors of buffalo detection. spatial distribution models were created using buffalo census information and archived data from previous research. field data were collected during the dry (au ... | 2017 | 28902858 |
| an investigation of enterococcus species isolated from the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in serengeti national park, tanzania. | we isolated enterococcus species that colonized in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in order to investigate their genetic relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility. a total of 219 isolates were obtained and a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed they were classified into enterococcus avium, e. casseliflavus, e. faecalis, e. faecium, e. hirae, or e. mundtii. multilocus sequence typing of e. faecalis and e. faecium isolates indicated that some of the isolates showed an evolutionary dista ... | 2017 | 29081464 |
| host immunity, nutrition and coinfection alter longitudinal infection patterns of schistosomes in a free ranging african buffalo population. | schistosomes are trematode parasites of global importance, causing infections in millions of people, livestock, and wildlife. most studies on schistosomiasis, involve human subjects; as such, there is a paucity of longitudinal studies investigating parasite dynamics in the absence of intervention. as a consequence, despite decades of research on schistosomiasis, our understanding of its ecology in natural host populations is centered around how environmental exposure and acquired immunity influe ... | 2017 | 29253882 |
| serological evidence of vaccination and perceptions concerning foot-and-mouth disease control in cattle at the wildlife-livestock interface of the kruger national park, south africa. | communal livestock farming areas adjoining the greater kruger national park area within south africa are part of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) protection zone with vaccination due to the proximity to wildlife reservoirs. fmd and its control affect the productivity of resource-poor farmers who often depend on livestock for their livelihoods. a cross-sectional study was performed with the objectives to evaluate the perceptions of farmers concerning fmd control, estimate the proportion of cattle ... | 2017 | 29254716 |
| detection of pathogen exposure in african buffalo using non-specific markers of inflammation. | detecting exposure to new or emerging pathogens is a critical challenge to protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. yet, current techniques to detect infections typically target known pathogens of humans or economically important animals. in the face of the current surge in infectious disease emergence, non-specific disease surveillance tools are urgently needed. tracking common host immune responses indicative of recent infection may have potential as a non-specific diagnostic ap ... | 2017 | 29375568 |
| ancient diversity and geographical sub-structuring in african buffalo theileria parva populations revealed through metagenetic analysis of antigen-encoding loci. | an infection and treatment protocol involving infection with a mixture of three parasite isolates and simultaneous treatment with oxytetracycline is currently used to vaccinate cattle against theileria parva. while vaccination results in high levels of protection in some regions, little or no protection is observed in areas where animals are challenged predominantly by parasites of buffalo origin. a previous study involving sequencing of two antigen-encoding genes from a series of parasite isola ... | 2018 | 29408266 |
| genetic responsiveness of african buffalo to environmental stressors: a role for epigenetics in balancing autosomal and sex chromosome interactions? | in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) population of the kruger national park (south africa) a primary sex-ratio distorter and a primary sex-ratio suppressor have been shown to occur on the y chromosome. a subsequent autosomal microsatellite study indicated that two types of deleterious alleles with a negative effect on male body condition, but a positive effect on relative fitness when averaged across sexes and generations, occur genome-wide and at high frequencies in the same population. one ... | 2018 | 29415077 |
| occurrence of ticks (parasitiformes, ixodida, amblyommidae) on the skin of african buffalo syncerus caffer (sparrman, 1779) (mammalia, artiodactyla) originating from an area of the republic of south africa | most ticks of the genus amblyomma and rhipicephalus are typical ectoparasites of bovine. however, information about survival in different environmental conditions or coexistence of different species is lacking. amblyomma hebraeum koch, 1844, rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, 1901 and r. maculatus neumann, 1901 were found in the skin (fixed in the salt) of an african buffalo syncerus caffer (sparrman, 1779), brought to poland from the republic of south africa. most of the ticks were still ali ... | 2018 | 29420874 |
| correcting for missing and irregular data in home-range estimation. | home-range estimation is an important application of animal tracking data that is frequently complicated by autocorrelation, sampling irregularity, and small effective sample sizes. we introduce a novel, optimal weighting method that accounts for temporal sampling bias in autocorrelated tracking data. this method corrects for irregular and missing data, such that oversampled times are downweighted and undersampled times are upweighted to minimize error in the home-range estimate. we also introdu ... | 2018 | 29450936 |
| diversity of mammomonogamus (nematoda: syngamidae) in large african herbivores. | four species of mammomonogamus are known from large african herbivores. a recent study demonstrated that a single mammomonogamus species was shared by both western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) and african forest elephants (loxodonta cyclotis) in central african republic, suggesting lower species diversity than previously described in literature. we examined more than 500 fecal samples collected from sympatric african forest elephants, western lowland gorillas, and african forest bu ... | 2018 | 29470712 |
| investigations into the host specificity of theileria taurotragi. | all theileria parasites have definitive natural hosts that act as carriers. incidental infections of uncommon hosts do occur raising questions regarding host specificity and its drivers. reported hosts for theileria taurotragi include bushbuck, cattle and eland. more recently t. taurotragi was detected in african buffalo, which may have implications for accurate diagnostics of t. parva. the current study therefore investigated the host specificity of t. taurotragi by developing a specific and se ... | 2018 | 29657008 |
| detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) using quantiferon®-tb gold (qft) tubes and the qiagen cattletype® ifn-gamma elisa. | african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) are wildlife maintenance hosts of mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis. consequently, m. bovis infected buffaloes pose a transmission risk for cattle and other wildlife species. previously, a modification to the qiagen quantiferon®-tb gold (qft) system, using qft tubes and an in-house bovine interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) elisa, was evaluated for the detection of m. bovis infection in buffaloes. subsequently, qiagen has developed a commercially avai ... | 2018 | 29695324 |
| theileria parva antigens recognized by cd8+ t cells show varying degrees of diversity in buffalo-derived infected cell lines. | the extent of sequence diversity among the genes encoding 10 antigens (tp1-10) known to be recognized by cd8+ t lymphocytes from cattle immune to theileria parva was analysed. the sequences were derived from parasites in 23 buffalo-derived cell lines, three cattle-derived isolates and one cloned cell line obtained from a buffalo-derived stabilate. the results revealed substantial variation among the antigens through sequence diversity. the greatest nucleotide and amino acid diversity were observ ... | 2018 | 29729680 |
| stakeholder perceptions of foot-and-mouth disease control in south africa. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) prevention and control is a challenge worldwide but the situation in southern africa is particularly complex because the virus is endemic in wild african buffalo (syncerus caffer). the objective of this study was to compare stakeholder perceptions of the fmd control methods employed to restrict fmd virus to the infected zone of south africa. data collection was performed using an online questionnaire distributed to fmd experts, government veterinarians, private lives ... | 2018 | 29891144 |
| antigen-specific interferon-gamma release is decreased following the single intradermal comparative cervical skin test in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | effective disease management of wildlife relies on the strategic application of ante-mortem diagnostic tests for early identification and removal of m. bovis-infected animals. to improve diagnostic performance, interferon-gamma release assays (igras) are often used in conjunction with the tuberculin skin test (tst). since buffaloes are major maintenance hosts of m. bovis, optimal application of bovine tb diagnostic tests are especially important. we aimed to determine whether the timing of blood ... | 2018 | 29914675 |
| corrigendum to "detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) using quantiferon®-tb gold (qft) tubes and the qiagen cattletype® ifn-gamma elisa" [j. vet. immunol. immunopathol. 196 (2018) 48-52]. | 2018 | 29921441 | |
| opposite outcomes of coinfection at individual and population scales. | coinfecting parasites and pathogens remain a leading challenge for global public health due to their consequences for individual-level infection risk and disease progression. however, a clear understanding of the population-level consequences of coinfection is lacking. here, we constructed a model that includes three individual-level effects of coinfection: mortality, fecundity, and transmission. we used the model to investigate how these individual-level consequences of coinfection scale up to ... | 2018 | 29967175 |
| empirical selection between least-cost and current-flow designs for establishing wildlife corridors in gabon. | corridors are intended to increase species survival by abating landscape fragmentation resulting from the conversion of natural habitats into human-dominated matrices. conservation scientists often rely on 1 type of corridor model, typically the least-cost model or current-flow model, to construct a linkage design, and their choice is not usually based on theory or empirical evidence. we developed a method to empirically confirm whether corridors produced by these 2 models are used by target spe ... | 2019 | 30022531 |
| ixodid ticks of african buffalo (syncerus caffer), impala (aepyceros melampus) and elephant (loxodonta africana) in five protected park estates in the zambezi valley, zimbabwe. | wildlife hosts many pathogens of economic importance and is considered as a reservoir of important tick-borne diseases of livestock in southern africa. the species composition of ticks parasitizing buffalo (syncerus caffer), impala (aepyceros melampus) and elephant (loxodonta africana) was investigated in five protected parks in the zambezi valley, zimbabwe. a total of 1104 adult ticks was collected from 75 adult animals comprising five buffaloes, five elephants and five impalas drawn from five ... | 2018 | 30088213 |
| running on empty: recharge dynamics from animal movement data. | vital rates such as survival and recruitment have always been important in the study of population and community ecology. at the individual level, physiological processes such as energetics are critical in understanding biomechanics and movement ecology and also scale up to influence food webs and trophic cascades. although vital rates and population-level characteristics are tied with individual-level animal movement, most statistical models for telemetry data are not equipped to provide infere ... | 2019 | 30548152 |
| parallel testing increases detection of mycobacterium bovis-infected african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) relies on detection of the cell-mediated immune response to m. bovis antigens using the single comparative intradermal tuberculin test (scitt) or interferon gamma release assays (igras). the aim of the present study was to determine whether parallel testing with the scitt and an igra increases the number of m. bovis-infected buffaloes detected by these assays. culture-confirmed animals (n = 71) teste ... | 2018 | 30596379 |
| context-dependent costs and benefits of tuberculosis resistance traits in a wild mammalian host. | disease acts as a powerful driver of evolution in natural host populations, yet individuals in a population often vary in their susceptibility to infection. energetic trade-offs between immune and reproductive investment lead to the evolution of distinct life history strategies, driven by the relative fitness costs and benefits of resisting infection. however, examples quantifying the cost of resistance outside of the laboratory are rare. here, we observe two distinct forms of resistance to bovi ... | 2018 | 30619576 |
| buffalo species identification and delineation using genetic barcoding markers. | enrichment of barcode databases with mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) barcode sequences in different animal taxa has become important for identification of animal source in food samples to prevent commercial fraud. in this study, coi barcode sequence in seventy one river buffalo samples were determined, analyzed and deposited in genbank barcode database and barcode of life database (bold) to contribute for construction of public reference library for coi barcode sequence in riv ... | 2018 | 30733766 |
| detection of bacillus anthracis in animal tissues using inbios active anthrax detect rapid test lateral flow immunoassay. | the active anthrax detect (aad) rapid test lateral flow immunoassay is a point-of-care assay that was under investigational use for detecting bacillus anthracis capsular polypeptide (polyglutamic acid) in human blood, serum and plasma. small sample volumes, rapid results and no refrigeration required allow for easy use in either the field or laboratory. although the test was developed for use in suspect cases of human inhalation anthrax, its features also make it a potentially powerful tool for ... | 2019 | 30776143 |
| war-induced collapse and asymmetric recovery of large-mammal populations in gorongosa national park, mozambique. | how do large-mammal communities reassemble after being pushed to the brink of extinction? few data are available to answer this question, as it is rarely possible to document both the decline and recovery of wildlife populations. here we present the first in-depth quantitative account of war-induced collapse and postwar recovery in a diverse assemblage of large herbivores. in mozambique's gorongosa national park, we assembled data from 15 aerial wildlife counts conducted before (1968-1972) and a ... | 2019 | 30865663 |
| phylogeographical and cross-species transmission dynamics of sat1 and sat2 foot-and-mouth disease virus in eastern africa. | understanding the dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), an endemic and economically constraining disease, is critical in designing control programmes in africa. this study investigates the evolutionary epidemiology of sat1 and sat2 fmdv in eastern africa, as well as between cattle and wild african buffalo. bayesian phylodynamic models were used to analyse sat1 and sat2 vp1 gene segments collected between 1975 and 2016, focusing on the sat1 and sat2 viruses currently circulating in eas ... | 2019 | 31074125 |
| similar levels of diversity in the gene encoding the p67 sporozoite surface protein of theileria parva are observed in blood samples from buffalo and cattle naturally infected from buffalo. | theileria parva is a tick-transmitted, apicomplexan protozoan found in buffalo (syncerus caffer) and cattle in eastern, central and southern africa. the parasite causes a fatal, lymphoproliferative disease in susceptible cattle. previous studies have shown that the parasites in buffalo comprise a more heterogeneous population than those in cattle, which has led to the concept that the population of parasites circulating in cattle represents a restricted subpopulation of those in buffalo. the pre ... | 2019 | 31079824 |
| persistent infection of african buffalo (syncerus caffer) with foot-and-mouth disease virus: limited viral evolution and no evidence of antibody neutralization escape. | african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) are the principal "carrier" hosts of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). currently, the epithelia and lymphoid germinal centers of the oropharynx have been identified as sites for fmdv persistence. we carried out studies in fmdv sat1 persistently infected buffaloes to characterize the diversity of viruses in oropharyngeal epithelia, germinal centers, probang samples (oropharyngeal scrapings), and tonsil swabs to determine if sufficient virus variation is gene ... | 2019 | 31092573 |
| serological and phylogenetic characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses from uganda during cross-sectional surveillance study in cattle between 2014 and 2017. | here, we report the results of a cross-sectional study designed to monitor the circulation and genetic diversity of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) in uganda between 2014 and 2017. in this study, 13,614 sera and 2,068 oral-pharyngeal fluid samples were collected from cattle and analysed to determine fmdv seroprevalence, circulating serotypes and their phylogenetic relationships. circulation of fmdv was evidenced by the detection of antibodies against non-structural proteins of fmdv or viral ... | 2019 | 31127983 |
| why did the buffalo cross the park? resource shortages, but not infections, drive dispersal in female african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | dispersal facilitates population health and maintains resilience in species via gene flow. adult dispersal occurs in some species, is often facultative, and is poorly understood, but has important management implications, particularly with respect to disease spread. although the role of adult dispersal in spreading disease has been documented, the potential influence of disease on dispersal has received little attention. african buffalo (syncerus caffer) are wide-ranging and harbor many pathogen ... | 2019 | 31160988 |
| bovine tuberculosis disturbs parasite functional trait composition in african buffalo. | novel parasites can have wide-ranging impacts, not only on host populations, but also on the resident parasite community. historically, impacts of novel parasites have been assessed by examining pairwise interactions between parasite species. however, parasite communities are complex networks of interacting species. here we used multivariate taxonomic and trait-based approaches to determine how parasite community composition changed when african buffalo (syncerus caffer) acquired an emerging dis ... | 2019 | 31262813 |
| risk alleles for tuberculosis infection associate with reduced immune reactivity in a wild mammalian host. | integrating biological processes across scales remains a central challenge in disease ecology. genetic variation drives differences in host immune responses, which, along with environmental factors, generates temporal and spatial infection patterns in natural populations that epidemiologists seek to predict and control. however, genetics and immunology are typically studied in model systems, whereas population-level patterns of infection status and susceptibility are uniquely observable in natur ... | 2019 | 31311473 |
| parallel measurement of ifn-γ and ip-10 in quantiferon®-tb gold (qft) plasma improves the detection of mycobacterium bovis infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | the quantiferon®-tb gold (qft) stimulation platform for cytokine release is a novel approach for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife species. plasma interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is routinely measured to detect immune sensitization to mycobacterium bovis. however, the cytokine interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (ip-10) has been proposed as an alternative, more sensitive, diagnostic biomarker. in this study, we investigated the use of the qft system with measurement of ifn-γ and ip-10 in p ... | 2019 | 31311648 |
| 16s rrna gene profiling of bacterial communities mediating production of tsetse attractive phenols in mammalian urine. | several types of odours are involved in the location of host animals by tsetse (diptera: glossinidae), a vector of animal african trypanosomiasis. host animals' ageing urine has been shown to be the source of a phenolic blend attractive to the tsetse. nevertheless, limited research has been performed on the microbial communities' role in the production of phenols. this study aimed at profiling bacterial communities mediating the production of tsetse attractive phenols in mammalian urine. urine s ... | 2019 | 31368325 |
| impact of mycobacterium bovis-induced pathology on interpretation of quantiferon®-tb gold assay results in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | the cytokine interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (ip-10) is a sensitive biomarker of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) infection in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). however, elevated levels of ip-10 in quantiferon®-tb gold (qft) unstimulated whole blood compromises the utility of this biomarker. in this study, ip-10 and interferon gamma (ifn-γ) concentrations in whole blood samples from m. bovis culture-confirmed buffaloes with varying degrees of pathological changes (n = 72) and uninfected c ... | 2019 | 31470250 |
| a natural gene drive system influences bovine tuberculosis susceptibility in african buffalo: possible implications for disease management. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic to the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) of hluhluwe-imfolozi park (hip) and kruger national park, south africa. in hip, the disease has been actively managed since 1999 through a test-and-cull procedure targeting btb-positive buffalo. prior studies in kruger showed associations between microsatellite alleles, btb and body condition. a sex chromosomal meiotic drive, a form of natural gene drive, was hypothesized to be ultimately responsible. these association ... | 2019 | 31483802 |
| spatial and seasonal patterns of fmd primary outbreaks in cattle in zimbabwe between 1931 and 2016. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is an important livestock disease impacting mainly intensive production systems. in southern africa, the fmd virus is maintained in wildlife and its control is therefore complicated. however, fmd control is an important task to allow countries access to lucrative foreign meat market and veterinary services implement drastic control measures on livestock populations living in the periphery of protected areas, negatively impacting local small-scale livestock producers. ... | 2019 | 31551078 |
| the host-specificity of theileria sp. (sable) and theileria sp. (sable-like) in african bovidae and detection of novel theileria in antelope and giraffe. | tick-borne diseases caused by theileria are of economic importance in domestic and wildlife ruminants. the majority of theileria infects a limited number of host species, supporting the concept of host specificity. however, some theileria seem to be generalists challenging the host specificity paradigm, such as theileria sp. (sable) reported from various vertebrate hosts, including african buffalo, cattle, dogs and different antelope species. we tested the hypothesis that t. sp. (sable) uses bov ... | 2020 | 31566155 |
| immune stability predicts tuberculosis infection risk in a wild mammal. | immunity is one of the most variable phenotypic traits in animals; however, some individuals may show less fluctuation in immune traits, resulting in stable patterns of immune variation over time. it is currently unknown whether immune variation has consequences for infectious disease risk. in this study, we identified moderately stable immune traits in wild african buffalo and asked whether the stability of these traits affected bovine tuberculosis (tb) infection risk. we found that adaptive im ... | 2019 | 31575363 |
| seroprevalence of rift valley fever in south african domestic and wild suids (1999-2016). | rift valley fever (rvf) is a vector-borne viral disease of domestic ruminants, camels and man, characterized by widespread abortions and neonatal deaths in animals, and flu-like symptoms, which can progress to hepatitis and encephalitis in humans. the disease is endemic in africa, saudi arabia and yemen, and outbreaks occur after periods of high rainfall, or in environments supporting the proliferation of rvf virus (rvfv)-infected mosquito vectors. the domestic and wild animal maintenance hosts ... | 2020 | 31655018 |
| detection of native interferon-γ in nyala (tragelaphus angasii): towards diagnosing tuberculosis. | mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of tuberculosis in wildlife. in south africa, african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) are a wildlife maintenance host while a number of other species are considered spillover hosts. nyala (tragelaphus angasii), a large antelope species from southern africa, is frequently traded and can be infected with m. bovis. interferon gamma (ifn-γ) release assays that detect cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses to m. bovis infection have shown promise in elephants, rhinocer ... | 2019 | 31714142 |
| test characteristics of assays to detect mycobacterium bovis infection in high-prevalence african buffalo (syncerus caffer) herds. | a herd of african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) was tested for mycobacterium bovis infection using three cytokine release assays. all animals were subsequently euthanized and mycobacterial culture determined the infection prevalence (52%) and diagnostic characteristics. sensitivities were lower than previously reported and results provide new insight into the practical utility of these assays. | 2020 | 31750773 |
| health of african buffalos (syncerus caffer) in ruaha national park, tanzania. | in association with a study investigating the apparent decline of african buffalos (syncerus caffer) in ruaha national park, tanzania, 40 buffalos were screened for selected diseases. bovine tuberculosis was detected in 23%, and exposure to brucella abortus and rift valley fever virus in 18% and 8%, respectively, of buffalos tested. | 2020 | 31833815 |
| differential antigen recognition by serum antibodies from three bovid hosts of mycobacterium bovis infection. | cattle, bison and buffaloes are susceptible to mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent for bovine tuberculosis. accurate and timely identification of infected animals is critical for improved management and control of disease in these species. bovids develop humoral immune responses to m. bovis infection making serological tests attractive for tuberculosis screening. however, optimization and validation of antibody assays designed for various animal species require understanding of antigen reco ... | 2020 | 31972498 |
| characterization of sat2 foot-and-mouth disease 2013/2014 outbreak viruses at the wildlife-livestock interface in south africa. | the southern african territories (sat)-type foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdv) are endemic to the greater kruger national park (knp) area in south africa, where they are maintained through persistent infections in african buffalo. the occurrence of fmdv within the greater knp area constitutes a continual threat to the livestock industry. to expand on knowledge of fmdv diversity, the genetic and antigenic relatedness of sat2-type viruses isolated from cattle during a fmd outbreak in mpumalanga ... | 2020 | 31984622 |
| elucidating cryptic dynamics of theileria communities in african buffalo using a high-throughput sequencing informatics approach. | increasing access to next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies is revolutionizing the life sciences. in disease ecology, ngs-based methods have the potential to provide higher-resolution data on communities of parasites found in individual hosts as well as host populations.here, we demonstrate how a novel analytical method, utilizing high-throughput sequencing of pcr amplicons, can be used to explore variation in blood-borne parasite (theileria-apicomplexa: piroplasmida) communities of afric ... | 2020 | 31988717 |
| seasonal movements and habitat use of african buffalo in ruaha national park, tanzania. | assessing wildlife movements and habitat use is important for species conservation and management and can be informative for understanding population dynamics. the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) population of ruaha national park, tanzania has been declining, and little was known about the movement, habitat selection, and space use of the population, which is important for understanding possible reasons behind the decline. a total of 12 african buffalo cows from four different herds were colla ... | 2020 | 32013942 |
| theileria parva: a parasite of african buffalo, which has adapted to infect and undergo transmission in cattle. | the tick-borne protozoan parasite theileria parva causes an acute, often fatal disease in cattle throughout a large part of eastern and southern africa. infection of african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is also widespread in this region but does not cause clinical disease in this species. this difference most likely reflects the evolutionary history of the parasites in these species, in that cattle were only introduced into africa within the last 8000 years. in both hosts, t. parva establishes a ca ... | 2020 | 32032592 |
| age of first infection across a range of parasite taxa in a wild mammalian population. | newborn mammals have an immature immune system that cannot sufficiently protect them against infectious diseases. however, variation in the effectiveness of maternal immunity against different parasites may couple with temporal trends in parasite exposure to influence disparities in the timing of infection risk. determining the relationship between age and infection risk is critical in identifying the portion of a host population that contributes to parasite dynamics, as well as the parasites th ... | 2020 | 32070234 |
| investigations into the carrier-state of theileria sp. (buffalo) in cattle. | the theileria are apicomplexan parasites transmitted by ticks to vertebrate hosts. most theileria species exhibit some form of host or vector specificity, since under endemic conditions only a limited number of tick species act as vectors and not all vertebrate hosts are able to maintain a persistent carrier state. data for theileria sp. (buffalo) suggest host specificity for african buffalo (syncerus caffer). however, t. sp. (buffalo) infections in cattle co-grazing with african buffalo have be ... | 2020 | 32071860 |
| challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in south africa. | all effects taken together, bovine tuberculosis (btb) has a long-term detrimental effect on bovine herds and many wildlife species in south africa. the disease is not only found in domestic cattle but also in african buffaloes and has to date been diagnosed in 21 wildlife species, including several rare and endangered species, thus having a potentially serious effect on conservation and biodiversity. in cattle, btb is mostly characterised by sporadic outbreaks, but bovine herds chronically infec ... | 2020 | 32129639 |
| tracing cross species transmission of mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in south africa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) affects cattle and wildlife in south africa with the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) as the principal maintenance host. the presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate btb in cattle. spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (miru-vntr) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversit ... | 2020 | 32131736 |
| antigen gene and variable number tandem repeat (vntr) diversity in theileria parva parasites from ankole cattle in south-western uganda: evidence for conservation in antigen gene sequences combined with extensive polymorphism at vntr loci. | theileria parva is a tick-transmitted apicomplexan protozoan parasite that infects lymphocytes of cattle and african cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), causing a frequently fatal disease of cattle in eastern, central and southern africa. a live vaccination procedure, known as infection and treatment method (itm), the most frequently used version of which comprises the muguga, serengeti-transformed and kiambu 5 stocks of t. parva, delivered as a trivalent cocktail, is generally effective. however, i ... | 2020 | 32174038 |
| occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms, linguatula spp., in south africa. | a total of 509 mammalian vertebrates, belonging to 76 species, were examined for infection with pentastomid parasites. these animals were from 8 of the 9 provinces in south africa. linguatulid pentastomes were found only in 7 animals, specifically the african lion (n = 3) and african buffalo (n = 4). adult parasites were found in the lion but nymphs, of various stages, were found in the buffalo. a detailed morphological examination of adult parasites using both light and scanning electron micros ... | 2020 | 32211289 |
| the role of african buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in kenya. | quantitative knowledge on the contribution of african buffalo to the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in east africa is lacking, and this information is essential for the design of control programs in the region. the objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of fmdv in buffalo, including the role of buffalo in the circulation of fmdv in livestock populations. we collected blood and oropharyngeal fluids from 92 wild buffalo and 98 sympatric cattle in central k ... | 2020 | 32303117 |
| drivers of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle at wild/domestic interface: insights from farmers, buffalo and lions. | humans live increasingly in the proximity of natural areas, leading to increased interactions between people, their livestock and wildlife. | 2017 | 32313434 |
| the rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick vector of theileria parva is absent from cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) populations and associated ecosystems in northern uganda. | rhipicephalus appendiculatus is the major tick vector of theileria parva, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that causes the most economically important and lethal disease of cattle in east and central africa. the african cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) is the major wildlife host of t. parva from southern uganda and kenya to southern africa. we show herein that r. appendiculatus appears to be absent from the two largest national parks in northern uganda. syncerus caffer is common in both of these ... | 2020 | 32500369 |
| mapping and assessing the impact of small-scale ephemeral water sources on wildlife in an african seasonal savannah. | in many savannah regions of africa, pronounced seasonal variability in rainfall results in wildlife being restricted to floodplains and other habitats adjacent to permanent surface water in the dry season. during the wet season, rainfall fills small-scale, ephemeral water sources that allow wildlife to exploit forage and other resources far from permanent surface water. these water sources remain difficult to quantify, however, due to their small and ephemeral nature, and as a result are rarely ... | 2020 | 32598524 |
| the vetmax™ m. tuberculosis complex pcr kit detects mtbc dna in antemortem and postmortem samples from white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), african elephants (loxodonta africana) and african buffaloes (syncerus caffer). | bovine tuberculosis and tuberculosis are chronic infectious diseases caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members, mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. infection with m. bovis and m. tuberculosis have significant implications for wildlife species management, public health, veterinary disease control, and conservation endeavours. | 2020 | 32600471 |
| challenges and prospects for the control of foot-and-mouth disease: an african perspective. | the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in africa is unique in the sense that six of the seven serotypes of fmd viruses (southern african territories [sat] 1, sat2, sat3, a, o, and c), with the exception of asia-1, have occurred in the last decade. due to underreporting of fmd, the current strains circulating throughout sub-saharan africa are in many cases unknown. for sat1, sat2, and serotype a viruses, the genetic diversity is reflected in antigenic variation, and indications are that ... | 2014 | 32670853 |
| genetic characterisation of novel g29p[14] and g10p[11] rotavirus strains from african buffalo. | we report the first description of rotavirus a strains in african buffalo (syncerus caffer). following rna extraction from stool samples, cdna was prepared, followed either by sequence-independent amplification and 454 pyrosequencing or direct sequencing on an illumina miseq platform. rva/buffalo-wt/zaf/4426/2002/g29p[14] exhibited a novel g29p[14] combination and an artiodactyl backbone: i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3. rva/buffalo-wt/zaf/1442/2007/g10p[11] also exhibited an artiodactyl backbone: i ... | 2020 | 32693063 |
| genetic diversity, relatedness and inbreeding of ranched and fragmented cape buffalo populations in southern africa. | wildlife ranching, although not considered a conventional conservation system, provides a sustainable model for wildlife utilization and could be a source of valuable genetic material. however, increased fragmentation and intensive management may threaten the evolutionary potential and conservation value of species. disease-free cape buffalo (syncerus caffer caffer) in southern africa exist in populations with a variety of histories and management practices. we compared the genetic diversity of ... | 2020 | 32797056 |