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[morphology of fungi in the slides prepared from esophageal balloons].1,762 cases were selected at random from 17,000 persons screened by esophageal balloon in 4 communes of linxian county. the morphologic appearance of fungi was studied in 4 slides of each case selected. according to the shape of clumps formed by fungi and bacteria in the slides, morphologic 4 types were seen: cotton-like, camel hair-like, hair-like and tree-branch-like. in the preliminary microscopic analysis, the following species of fungi were noted: candida, leptothrix, actinomyces, alternari ...19863732022
a camel milk whey protein rich in half-cystine. primary structure, assessment of variations, internal repeat patterns, and relationships with neurophysin and other active polypeptides.the amino acid sequence of a recently isolated camel milk protein rich in half-cystine has been determined by peptide analyses. the 117-residue protein has 16 half-cystine residues, concluded to correspond to disulfide bridges and suggesting a tight conformation of the molecule. comparisons of the structure with those of other proteins reveal several interesting relationships. the camel protein is clearly homologous with a previously reported rat whey phosphoprotein of possible importance for ma ...19863743571
autonomic innervation of the camel ileum. ii. a histochemical study. 19863744184
experimental infection of the baboon (papio cynocephalus) with echinococcus granulosus of camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin from kenya.in different areas of the world, strains of echinococcus granulosus have been described which appear to vary in their infectivity, and laboratory primates have been used as indicators of their infectivity to man. this phenomenon was evaluated in kenya for hydatid material of human, camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin. viable eggs, produced by experimental infections in dogs with larval material from all the above intermediate hosts, were fed separately to four baboons (papio cynocephalus) in ea ...19863745875
dermatophytosis of camels.a survey of ringworm in camels showed over 25% of young animals suffered from t. verrucosum infection, and fewer than 0.5% of the camels had t. mentagrophytes. amino acid analyses of hair samples taken from human, camel and cow showed the compositions were similar to within 11%.19863746587
"seeing" shapes that are almost totally occluded: a new look at parks's camel. 19863748755
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to trypanosoma (t.) brucei evansi in camels (camelus dromedarius) using peroxidase-conjugated protein a.serum samples from dromedary camels naturally and experimentally infected with trypanosoma (t.) brucei evansi were examined by means of the elisa, using either an anti-camel or a protein a conjugate. the protein a horseradish peroxidase conjugate was found to bind to camel igg and thus to be a suitable alternative to the anti-camel conjugate. results obtained from both tests showed that the respective values correlate significantly.19863749736
conformational changes induced by polyanions in haemoglobin from camelus dromedarius. studies on the ferric derivatives.the effect of inositol hexakisphosphate on the redox equilibria and on the c.d. spectra of ferric derivatives of haemoglobin from camelus dromedarius has shown that: two distinct functionally relevant binding sites for polyanions are present on the protein; conformational changes promoted by inositol hexakisphosphate are largely dependent on spin state of the iron; tertiary and quaternary changes are not necessarily linked; structures induced by polyanions can be mixed forms that are neither t-s ...19863753446
characterization of a camel milk protein rich in proline identifies a new beta-casein fragment.a camel milk whey protein has been isolated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. the protein is, like caseins, rich in proline (25% of the whole protein). the n-terminal amino acid sequence shows that the protein is homologous with a c-terminal region of beta-caseins analyzed from other species. the protein is concluded to be a fragment of beta-casein, derived from a non-tryptic type of cleavage of the parent molecule, and increasing the multiplicity of known casein products.19863763959
urine odour in a camel suffering from surra (t. evansi infection). 19863765114
latent aggression-promoting properties of mouse bladder urine activated by heat.the aggression-promoting property of bladder urine in adult male mice was investigated. under a newly developed stimulus application procedure (i.e., camel hairbrush applicator). experiment 1 determined the minimal volume at which bladder and voided urine educed agonistic behavior in agressors. it was found that at least 0.05 ml of bladder urine and 0.03 ml of voided urine, both from intact males, were needed to induce significantly more attacks and uro-anal sniffs than respective urine types fr ...19863778641
the cytochromes p-450 concentrations in microsomes of liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa of the camel, sheep and goat.the concentration of microsomal cytochromes p-450, and of protein in the homogenate, cytosol and microsomes were measured in the liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa of healthy well-fed male and female camels, sheep and goats. for comparison, data from the liver of male and female rats were also obtained. the protein concentrations in the tissues of adult animals were broadly similar in the four species. the concentration of cytochromes p-450 was highest in the liver, followed by the kidney, then t ...19863788032
echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in tambool, sudan.in the tambool area (central eastern sudan) a survey was made of the infection rate of echinococcus granulosus in dogs. from the total of 49 dogs shot by the police authority, 25 (51%) had e. granulosus in their intestines. the range of worm recovery was 7 to 28,400. these high infection and recovery rates could be explained by the rate of infection in the intermediate host (camel) slaughtered in the area.19863794293
metabolism of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae). 19863795234
halothane anaesthesia in the dromedary camel.it was shown that the effects of halothane anaesthesia in the dromedary are similar to those of large domestic ruminants. as a general rule the equipment and techniques used for adult cattle may also be used in the dromedary. endotracheal intubation may be more difficult in camels because of their narrow oral cavities. involuntary regurgitation is a particular hazard in dromedaries and every effort should be made to avoid this potentially life threatening complication.19863811182
mating-induced luteinizing hormone surge and ovulation in the female camel (camelus dromedarius).blood samples were collected after mating from four female one-humped camels every 10 min for 9-12 h. luteinizing hormone (lh) was quantified in plasma by radioimmunoassay using antibovine lh. of the seven observed matings, five were followed by a release of lh, and three by an ovulation (indicated by a subsequent secretion of progesterone). lh levels at the time of mating ranged from 0.7 to 3 ng/ml. when an lh response occurred, the levels increased 1 h after mating and reached a maximum in 2-3 ...19863814695
dot-elisa for the rapid serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease.we studied the serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease using the dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) and the indirect hemagglutination assay (iha). hydatid cyst fluid antigens from sheep were highly reactive against a battery of positive human sera. moose-derived antigen was less reactive, whereas human- and camel-derived antigens showed nonspecific false-positive reactions. sensitivity of the dot-elisa was 96% using sheep-derived antigen and 45 human sera from 43 surgically proven ...19863816047
the distribution and comparison of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione s-transferase in various camel tissues.extracts prepared from liver, kidney, lung and brain of camel contain glutathione, glutathione s-transferase and glutathione reductase. liver had the highest level of glutathione (218.7 mumol/g wet weight) whereas brain had the lowest level (66.4 mumol/g wet weight). the highest activity for glutathione reductase was found in the kidney (2.6 mumol/min/mg protein) while the lowest activity was found in the lung (0.9 mumol/min/mg protein). glutathione s-transferase activity was the highest in live ...19863816148
ultrastructure of the intrahepatic bile duct system of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius).the ultrastructure of the intrahepatic bile duct system of the camel was studied. bile canaliculi are present as cavities containing numerous microvilli between adjacent hepatic cells. they are lined with cuboidal cells surrounded by a basal lamina. the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent cells form extensive evaginations below tight junctions at the lumenal surface. the basal surface is open. collagen bundles are arranged mainly in parallel to the duct.19853832967
bridges of myocardium over branches of the coronary arteries in camelus dromedarius. 19853836600
[recent data on hemorrhagic fevers in west africa].among the viruses which can provoke human haemorrhagic fevers, the congo-crimean haemorrhagic fever and rift valley fever viruses have been discovered relatively recently in west africa. two human cases of severe haemorrhagic fever have been connected with congo-chf, in mauritania and burkina-faso. the epidemiological enquiry performed in mauritania, consequent to the appearance of the first case, has demonstrated that the patient had been contaminated by contact with camels. twelve strains of c ...19853836774
[a case of pulmonary tuberculosis in a dromedary]. 19853837921
treatment of sarcoptic mange in a dromedary camel. 19853841115
a serological survey for toxoplasma antibodies in cattle, sheep, goats and camels (camelus dromedarius) in the sudan. 19853841959
note on a case of generalised hydatidosis in a dromedary. 19853841961
observations on colloid goiter of dromedary camels in the sudan. 19853842778
anesthesia in the geriatric patient.geriatric anesthesia, or anesthesia in the aged, is no different from anesthesia in younger patients, except that it takes less and lasts longer. both the anesthesiologist and the surgeon must treat the aged patient with care and gentleness. we must be ever aware that each vital system can be irreparably damaged by our slightest inattention to minute detail. dr. harold griffith once said, "the straw which breaks the camel's back may be a very small one when the camel is nearing the end of its jo ...19853884231
common ectoparasites of the camel and their control. 19853888345
helminths of the camel: a review. 19853891009
semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus).bactrian camels (63 female female, 8 male male) were used in the breeding season to determine the factors that will induce ovulation. after insemination of semen samples into the vagina, the ovaries were checked for ovulation by rectal palpation. the results indicated that ovulation was induced by the seminal plasma, but not by the spermatozoa, and the incidence of ovulation after insemination was 87%. most of the females (66%) had ovulated by 36 h after insemination and the rest by 48 h, as aft ...19853900379
[the blood picture of dromedaries (camelus dromedarius)]. 19853902444
infectious diseases of the camel: viruses, bacteria and fungi. 19853904917
[titration of antibodies against the camel poxvirus by the plaque seroreduction method on ib-rs2 cells]. 19853915912
mammalian ribonucleases. the absence of a glycosylated asn-pro-thr sequence in horse ribonuclease and the presence of tryptophan at position 39 in horse and dromedary ribonuclease.parts of the amino acid sequences of horse and dromedary pancreatic ribonuclease were reinvestigated. the sequence of residues 21-25 in horse ribonuclease is ser-asn-pro-thr-tyr or ser-asn-ser-thr-tyr. the asparagine in the latter sequence is glycosylated. horse ribonuclease possesses four additional amino acid residues at the c-terminus, like a number of other ribonucleases. position 39 in horse and dromedary ribonuclease is not deleted but is occupied by tryptophan.19853922790
observations on the diagnosis and treatment of surgical conditions in the camel. 19863947935
guinea pig glucagon differs from other mammalian glucagons.mammalian glucagon is thought to be highly conserved. glucagons from pig, cow, human, rat, and hamster have identical amino acid sequences, whereas the amino acid contents of rabbit and camel glucagons are consistent with this 29-amino acid sequence. it had earlier been reported that guinea pig (gp) glucagon contains 40 amino acids. in the current study, glucagon was purified from two gp pancreata by a series of three hplc steps after acid-alcohol extraction and acetone precipitation. gp glucago ...19863956884
the primary structure of alpha-lactalbumin from camel milk.the primary structure of camel alpha-lactalbumin was determined by analysis of the intact protein, and of cnbr fragments and enzymatic peptides from the carboxymethylated protein chain. results show that camel alpha-lactalbumin has 123 residues and a molecular mass of 14.6 kda. the amino acid sequence is strictly homologous to alpha-lactalbumins characterized, but also exhibits extensive differences: 39 residues differ in relation to the bovine protein and only 35 residues are conserved among hi ...19853971980
a case of brucellosis complicated by endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.brucellosis, being eradicated among domestic animals in some countries, is still prevalent in some others where it poses a potential threat to the consumers of milk and cheese and those working with animals and meat. the patient presented below had contracted a severe and long-standing brucella abortus infection by ingesting raw camel milk. she had signs of endocarditis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, but recovered when treated with tetracyclin and streptomycin.19853976429
hyalomma schulzei (the large camel tick): distribution in saudi arabia. 19853981561
rift valley fever in kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (camelus dromedarius).five hundred and seventy-one camel sera collected after an epizootic of rift valley fever were examined for antibody to the virus. clinical disease had not been observed in cattle and sheep in the ecosystems shared with the camels. positive sera with high titres of serum neutralizing antibody were found in 22% of camels at one of the seven sampling sites.19853989285
coccidia in camels (camelus dromedarius) in saudi arabia.saudi arabian camels (camelus dromedarius) are infected with three species of eimeria: e. dromedarii (28.4%), e. rajasthani (22.2%), and e. cameli (19.2%); 41.6% of the animals examined were positive. the highest prevalence of infection was reported in the western region of the country. mixed infection with two eimeria species is most common; e. dromedarii was most frequently and generally the most predominant species. eimeria dromedarii and e. rajasthani are described for the first time from sa ...19853989750
in vitro culture of the strobilar stage of echinococcus granulosus from protoscoleces of human, camel, cattle, sheep and goat origin from kenya and buffalo origin from india. 19853997345
[biomechanical fragility of the infant skull].following previous experiments on postmortem skull fractures of infants, falls from 82-cm heights onto stone (a), carpet (b) and foam-backed linoleum (c), 35 further falling tests were carried out onto softly cushioned ground. in 10 cases a 2-cm thick foam rubber mat (d) was chosen and in 25 further cases a double-folded (8-cm-thick) camel hair blanket (e). hence the results of altogether 50 tests could be evaluated. in test groups a-c on a relatively hard surface, skull fractures of the parieta ...19854002885
the blood rheology of man and various animal species.a comparative study has been made of the blood rheology, and its component factors, in horse, sheep, cattle, goat, camel, pig, dog, rabbit and man. the erythrocyte flexibility of horse red cells is high relative to man, that of pig, dog, camel and rabbit comparable, but less flexible, and sheep, cattle and goat relatively inflexible. the erythrocyte flexibility of horse, sheep, cattle and goats does not vary with the plasma fibrinogen level, as occurs with human and rabbit cells. washing erythro ...19854011828
evidence for two oxygen-linked binding sites for polyanions in dromedary hemoglobin.the functional properties of dromedary hemoglobin have been studied as a function of chloride, polyphosphates and ph and compared with those of human hemoglobin. the two proteins have the same amino acid residues at the anion-binding sites as well as at the level of the groups responsible for the alkaline bohr effect. analysis of the experimental data reveals that: (a) intrinsic oxygen affinity and the bohr effect are very similar for the two proteins; (b) the association equilibrium constants o ...19854018090
a study of the host range and distribution of antibody to akabane virus (genus bunyavirus, family bunyaviridae) in kenya.serum neutralizing antibody to akabane virus (genus bunyavirus, family bunyaviridae) was found in a high proportion (50-95%) of cattle sampled in kenya, while sheep and goats had fewer positive (13-33%). camel and horse sera also contained antibody to the virus (70% and 50% respectively). the antibody was found in animals from the high altitude temperature type of grasslands, drier bushed and wooded grasslands and the semi-desert. no arthrogryposis nor hydranencephaly has been encountered in ken ...19854020110
a clinical evaluation of samorin in trypanosoma evansi infections in camelus dromedarius. 19854020952
kinetics of the reaction of intraerythrocytic haemoglobin by single cell microspectroscopy: effect of shape and osmolarity.the kinetics of the reaction of co with intraerythrocytic haemoglobin has been studied in single red blood cells (rbc) using a scanning microspectrophotometer and a photochemical perturbation method. measurements have been carried out using red blood cells from man and camel (camelus dromedarius), the latter at different osmotic pressures. camel rbc, which are smaller and different in shape compared to human rbc, are known to remain intact even at an osmolarity 6-times lower than physiological ( ...19854043402
hormone concentrations before and after semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus).during the follicular phase of bactrian camels, basal concentrations of lh were 2.7 +/- 1.2 ng/ml. by 4 h after insemination peak values of 6.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml occurred. in addition, a smaller lh peak (5.4 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) appeared 1 day before regression of the follicle began in unmated camels. during the follicular phase peripheral plasma progesterone values were low (0.36 +/- 0.28 ng/ml), but values increased to reach 1.73 +/- 0.74 ng/ml at 3 days and 2.4 +/- 0.86 ng/ml at 7 days after ovulation. ...19854045809
induction of oestrus in the camel (camelus dromedarius) during seasonal anoestrus.injection of 7000 i.u. pmsg induced oestrus in 7 camels during the last part of seasonal anoestrus. mature follicles developed and a cl was formed after fertile mating. however, pregnancy was not maintained by day 60 in the 3 females detected as pregnant by rectal palpation and increased progesterone concentrations at day 50. a single male camel mated with 4 of the females 2-16 days after the pmsg injection, and 2 or 3 matings occurred. the failure of pregnancy after induction of oestrus and mat ...19854045820
chorioptes bovis (acarina: psoroptidae) in some camelids from dutch zoos.the feet of three two-humped camels (camelus bactrianus), one lama (lama glama) and four alpacas (lama pacos) from zoos and a circus in the netherlands were examined for the mange-mite choroptes bovis. mites were found on two of the camels, the lama, and three of the alpacas. on one camel and one alpaca small mange lesions on the feet were present. this is the first report of chorioptes bovis and chorioptic mange in the two-humped camel.19854049716
the nuclear formation of the trapezoid body in the medulla oblongata of the one humped camel (camelus dromedarius). 19854050023
mastitis in camelus dromedarius in saudi arabia.the correlation between camels' milk samples collected from abnormal inflamed udders and samples positive in the california mastitis test (cmt) was +0.803 (p less than 0.01). the bacterial count ranges of milk samples differed significantly (p less than 0.05) for those with a negative cmt and those with a positive cmt. infection with many but not all bacterial species was associated with positive cmt results. the highest percentage of camel milk samples was included in the bacterial count range ...19854060241
[fractional and fatty-acid composition of the lipids of horse and camel meat].the authors examined lipids of horse and camel meat and those obtained from the camel's hump. it was shown that the content of total lipids in camel meat ranges from 10.4 to 16.3 g/100 g product, that in horse meat from 5.9 to 16.5 g/100 g product. no differences are recorded in the fractional composition of lipids contained by both types of meat. the main part of lipids is constituted by triglycerides (91-92%). horse meat lipids are marked by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (15.8- ...19854060691
onchocerca gutturosa in an australian camel. 19854062729
reproduction and genital diseases of the camel. 19854063788
conformational changes induced by polyanions in haemoglobin from camelus dromedarius. circular-dichroism study on the oxy derivative.the c.d. spectrum of oxyhaemoglobin from camelus dromedarius is significantly affected by the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate. correlation with o2-binding measurements shows that these dichroic changes parallel the functional properties of the protein. the optical modifications suggest that, in contrast with human haemoglobin, the conformational changes induced by inositol hexakisphosphate on dromedary oxyhaemoglobin are mainly attributable to a local change of the tertiary structure remin ...19854074338
base composition of dromedary thymus dna.the base composition of dromedary thymus dna was determined by reversed-phase hplc determination of the four major deoxyribonucleosides. no significant differences were found between dromedary and calf thymus dna. the elution system used (different from that suggested in the literature) was ammonium phosphate buffer/acetonitrile.19854077466
obstructive urethral calculi in the male camel: report of two cases.two cases of obstructive urethral calculi in the male dromedary camel are reported. infection, metabolic disorders, malnutrition and climatic stress are cited as possible causes. the diagnosis and the surgical treatment of this condition are discussed, with particular reference to the anatomy of the camel's penis.19854082397
[preindustrial man in earth's ecosystems].preindustrial man influenced and changed the earth's ecosystems decisively. the disappearance of large animals from all continents (eurasia, e.g., mammoth; america, e.g., the giant sloths and the giant armadillo) after the pleistocene was most probably due to a large extent to the early hunters and collectors. corn-growing and breeding of domestic animals led to the disappearance of their wild forms (e.g., the wild form of today's old world camel is unknown) and the cultivation of huge monocultu ...19854088316
[study of the peptide hormones of the hypothalamo-postpituitary system of the dromedary, camelus dromedarius, (camelidae, mammalia) of tunisia].ocytocin and vasopressin are two nonapeptides of the hypo thalamo-post-hypophysary system. they are isolated and purified from dromedary post-hyphophysis, freshly collected in the meat centers of the south of tunisia. the use of three chromatographies steps were found to be essential in obtaining high pure hormones. these steps cousist in a sephadex g25 gel filtration and two successive high performance liquid chromatographies: h.p.l.c. the analysis of the two hormones by thin layer chromatograp ...19854091625
an initial report on interstitial cells of testicular type (leydig cells) in the ovary of camelus dromedarius. 19744132902
choledochoduodenal junction in the dromedary. 19744142539
studies on sarcoptic mange in camels (camelus dromedarius). 19664162833
experimental anesthetization of a dromedary camel. 19744211998
thyroxine content in the thyroid gland of domestic animals. part vii. iodinated tyrosines and thyronines in the serum of she camel at various reproductive stages. 19744215648
[helminths (and various other parasites) of dromedary in ethiopia]. 19744216053
presence of antibodies against parainfluenza 3 virus in camel and sheep sera. 19674291783
[study on parainfluenza 3 virus infection in dromedaries in chad]. 19684306099
[comparative ultrastructure of viruses of camel pox, pox-like disease of camels ("auzdyk") and contagious ecthyma of sheep]. 19724335215
isolation, cultivation and characterization of camel pox virus. 19724339783
[camel pox caused by pox vaccine (detritus)]. 19724348427
camel pox virus in egypt. i-isolation and characterization. 19744378004
the reduction of pantethine by an extract of camel intestine. 19644378811
sodium and potassium transport in camel red cells. 19724405335
camel glucagon: isolation, crystallization and amino acid composition. 19744421675
contribution to the haemograms of the buffalo and of the camel. 19744423789
preliminary study on the application of cuboni test for pregnancy diagnosis in the camel. 19744435298
a note on biometrics of the camel spermatozoa (camelus dromedarius). 19744448268
[embryometry during early intrauterine development of the dromedary]. 19744451470
[early embryological histogenesis of the gonads of the 2-humped camel]. 19744473968
[jirí josef camel]. 19724557745
the penis and prepuce of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). 19724629466
comparative studies on digestion and fermentation rate in the fore-stomach of the one-humped camel and the zebu steer. 19724635119
[the amnion of the 2-hump dromedary embryo]. 19724660031
biochemical studies of indian camel (camelus dromedarius) haemoglobin: alkali resistance properties. 19724661767
anatomical study of the liver of the camel (camelus dromedarius). ii. the course and distribution of the portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic duct. 19724669805
anatomical study of the liver of the camel (camelus dromedarius). 3. the hepatic veins. 19724669806
the external configuration of the cerebral hemispheres of the camel (camelus dromedarius). 19734713098
the electrocardiogram of a dromedary camel. 19734727903
observations on the arterial supply to the hip joint of camelus dromedarius. 19734746004
unique properties of the camel erythrocyte membrane. 19734747075
[classification of the camel pox virus (cpv)]. 19734768059
[the neopallium of the dromedary (camelus dromedarius l)]. 19734779682
a note on the sexual behaviour of male camel (camelus dromedarius). 19734806534
cardiac output in an anesthetized dromedary. 19744809592
dehydration and camel blood. i. red blood cell survival in the one-humped camel camelus dromedarius. 19744811183
dehydration and camel blood. ii. shape, size, and concentration of red blood cells. 19744811184
dehydration and camel blood. 3. osmotic fragility, specific gravity, and osmolality. 19744811185
gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves in the camel, camelus dromedarius. 19744833818
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