Publications
Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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evaluation of repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr for discrimination of fecal escherichia coli from humans, and different domestic- and wild-animals. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of repetitive extragenic palindromic anchored polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) in differentiating fecal escherichia coli isolates of human, domestic- and wild-animal origin that might be used as a molecular tool to identify the possible source(s) of fecal pollution of source water. a total of 625 fecal e. coli isolates of human, 3 domestic- (cow, dog and horse) and 7 wild-animal (black bear, coyote, elk, marmot, mule deer, raccoon a ... | 2007 | 17704635 |
coyote or bear? | 1893 | 17746218 | |
coyote predation control by aversive conditioning. | conditioned aversions were induced in coyotes by producing lithium chloride illness in them following a meal, and the effects upon eating and attack behavior were observed. one trial with a given meat and lithium is sufficient to establish a strong aversion which inhibits eating the flesh of that prey. one or two trials with a given flesh (lamb or rabbit) specifically suppresses the attack upon the averted prey but leaves the coyote free to attack the alternative prey. a method of saving both pr ... | 1974 | 17755036 |
tough times at la brea: tooth breakage in large carnivores of the late pleistocene. | one million to two million years ago, most of today's large, predatory mammals coexisted with larger extinct species, such as saber-toothed cats and giant running bears. comparisons of tooth fracture frequencies from modern and pleistocene carnivores imply that predator-prey dynamics and interspecific interactions must have been substantially different 36,000 to 10,000 years ago. tooth fracture frequencies of four rancho la brea species-dire wolf, coyote, saber-toothed cat, and american lion-wer ... | 1993 | 17770024 |
battle renewed over coyote poison. | 1981 | 17775262 | |
coyote research facility trashed. | 1992 | 17789076 | |
predation and aversive conditioning in coyotes. | 1975 | 17799690 | |
social communication in canids: evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display. | the variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. it appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy. | 1977 | 17836077 |
prevalence of antibodies to leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi in wild canids from south carolina. | wild canids are reservoir hosts for leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi. the present study examined the prevalence of antibodies to these zoonotic parasites in a population of wild canids from a nonagricultural setting in south carolina. sera from 26 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and 2 coyotes (canis latrans) were examined for antibodies to l. infantum and t. cruzi using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and commercially available parasite-specific immunochromatigraphic ... | 2007 | 17918387 |
does interference competition with wolves limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes? | interference competition with wolves canis lupus is hypothesized to limit the distribution and abundance of coyotes canis latrans, and the extirpation of wolves is often invoked to explain the expansion in coyote range throughout much of north america. we used spatial, seasonal and temporal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance to test the hypothesis that interference competition with wolves limits the distribution and abundance of coyotes. from august 2001 to august 2004, we gathered ... | 2007 | 17922704 |
ruptured aortic aneurysm in a coyote (canis latrans) from south carolina. | a radio-collared adult female coyote (canis latrans) from south carolina was found dead with no apparent signs of trauma or struggle. necropsy revealed a ruptured aortic aneurysm within the thoracic cavity as well as severe heartworm infection, with parasites present in the caudal vena cava. histologically, inflammatory cell infiltrates were frequent in the aneurysm and consisted of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. bacteria, fungi, and parasites were not foun ... | 2007 | 17939363 |
native great lakes wolves were not restored. | wolves from the great lakes area were historically decimated due to habitat loss and predator control programmes. under the protection of the us endangered species act, the population has rebounded to approximately 3000 individuals. we show that the pre-recovery population was dominated by mitochondrial dna haplotypes from an endemic american wolf referred to here as the great lakes wolf. in contrast, the recent population is admixed, and probably derives also from the grey wolf (canis lupus) of ... | 2008 | 17956840 |
natural attenuation potential of downwelling streams for perfluorochemicals and other emerging contaminants. | stream augmentation with tertiary treated municipal wastewater-i.e., recycled water-is increasingly considered as an ecologically beneficial way to utilize recycled water, especially in semi-arid regions of the american southwest. there is concern that emerging contaminants, i.e. unregulated but biologically active organic compounds, may be present in recycled water and will impact on the aquatic environment and the underlying groundwater. emerging contaminants include a wide variety of chemical ... | 2007 | 18057642 |
a means to distinguish skulls of coyotes and domestic dogs. | 1949 | 18121322 | |
captive breeding and the reintroduction of mexican and red wolves. | mexican and red wolves were both faced with extinction in the wild until captive populations were established more than two decades ago. these captive populations have been successfully managed genetically to minimize mean kinship and retain genetic variation. descendants of these animals were subsequently used to start reintroduced populations, which now number about 40-50 mexican wolves in arizona and new mexico and about 100 red wolves in north carolina. the original captive mexican wolf popu ... | 2008 | 18173506 |
relationships between human disturbance and wildlife land use in urban habitat fragments. | habitat remnants in urbanized areas typically conserve biodiversity and serve the recreation and urban open-space needs of human populations. nevertheless, these goals can be in conflict if human activity negatively affects wildlife. hence, when considering habitat remnants as conservation refuges it is crucial to understand how human activities and land uses affect wildlife use of those and adjacent areas. we used tracking data (animal tracks and den or bed sites) on 10 animal species and infor ... | 2008 | 18254856 |
fatal footsteps: murder of undocumented border crossers in maricopa county, arizona. | in the past 5 years, the mortality rate among undocumented workers in arizona has increased steadily. in 1998-1999, the number of deaths among border crossers was 28. that number increased dramatically in 1999-2000 to 106 and has exceeded 200 in each of the past 2 years. in the past, many immigrant deaths occurred as a result of dehydration and exposure (1). more recently, a new trend has emerged, that is, death of border crossers at the hands of the persons ("coyotes") hired to lead them across ... | 2008 | 18279237 |
forensic utility of the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 of domestic dogs, in conjunction with breed and geographic information. | the 608-bp hypervariable region 1 (hv1) sequences from 36 local dogs were analyzed to characterize the population genetic structure of canid mitochondrial dna (mtdna). sixteen haplotypes were identified. a 417-bp segment of this sequence was compared with genbank sequences from a geographically representative sample of 201 dogs, two coyotes, and two wolves. sixty-six haplotypes were identified including 62 found only in domestic dogs. fourteen of these correspond to the 16 local haplotypes and w ... | 2008 | 18279243 |
characterization of toxoplasma gondii from raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) in wisconsin identified several atypical genotypes. | during 2005-2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (procyon lotor), coyotes (canis latrans), and skunks (mephitis mephitis) from the state of wisconsin were tested for toxoplasma gondii infection. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for t. gondii infe ... | 2007 | 18314705 |
seasonal variation in serum testosterone, testicular volume, and semen characteristics in the coyote (canis latrans). | the coyote is a seasonally breeding mammal, with most copulations occurring between december and april (depending on location). the objective of this study was to characterize seasonal changes in serum testosterone concentrations, testicular volume, and ejaculate quantity and quality in captive male coyotes. there were seasonal differences in testicular volume, with the greatest volume (20.2+/-5.4cm2), mean+/-s.e.m.) in february, corresponding with peak breeding season. circulating serum testost ... | 2008 | 18359065 |
application of cfd (fluent) to lng spills into geometrically complex environments. | recent discussions on the fate of lng spills into impoundments have suggested that the commonly used combination of source5 and degadis to predict the flammable vapor dispersion distances is not accurate, as it does not account for vapor entrainment by wind. source5 assumes the vapor layer to grow upward uniformly in the form of a quiescent saturated gas cloud that ultimately spills over impoundment walls. the rate of spillage is then used as the source term for degadis. a more rigorous approach ... | 2008 | 18359557 |
coyotes demonstrate how habitat specialization by individuals of a generalist species can diversify populations in a heterogeneous ecoregion. | the tendency for individuals to disperse into habitat similar to their natal habitat has been observed in a wide range of species, although its population genetic consequences have received little study. such behavior could lead to discrete habitat-specific population subdivisions even in the absence of physical dispersal barriers or habitat gaps. previous studies of coyotes have supported this hypothesis in a small region of california, but its evolutionary significance ultimately depends on th ... | 2008 | 18391065 |
indirect effects and traditional trophic cascades: a test involving wolves, coyotes, and pronghorn. | the traditional trophic cascades model is based on consumer resource interactions at each link in a food chain. however, trophic-level interactions, such as mesocarnivore release resulting from intraguild predation, may also be important mediators of cascades. from september 2001 to august 2004, we used spatial and seasonal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance in the southern greater yellowstone ecosystem to evaluate whether mesopredator release of coyotes (canis latrans), resulting ... | 2008 | 18459344 |
recolonizing wolves and mesopredator suppression of coyotes: impacts on pronghorn population dynamics. | food web theory predicts that the loss of large carnivores may contribute to elevated predation rates and, hence, declining prey populations, through the process of mesopredator release. however, opportunities to test predictions of the mesopredator release hypothesis are rare, and the extent to which changes in predation rates influence prey population dynamics may not be clear due to a lack of demographic information on the prey population of interest. we utilized spatial and seasonal heteroge ... | 2008 | 18488620 |
landscape ecology of eastern coyotes based on large-scale estimates of abundance. | since their range expansion into eastern north america in the mid-1900s, coyotes (canis latrans) have become the region's top predator. although widespread across the region, coyote adaptation to eastern forests and use of the broader landscape are not well understood. we studied the distribution and abundance of coyotes by collecting coyote feces from 54 sites across a diversity of landscapes in and around the adirondacks of northern new york. we then genotyped feces with microsatellites and fo ... | 2008 | 18536259 |
perfluorochemicals in water reuse. | faced with freshwater shortages, water authorities are increasingly utilizing wastewater reclamation to augment supplies. however, concerns over emerging trace contaminants that persist through wastewater treatment need to be addressed to evaluate potential risks. in the present study, perfluorinated surfactant residues were characterized in recycled water from four california wastewater treatment plants that employ tertiary treatment and one that treats primary sewage in a wetland constructed f ... | 2008 | 18547612 |
phylogenetic analysis of porphyromonas species isolated from the oral cavity of australian marsupials. | porphyromonas species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are associated with periodontal disease in both animals and humans. black, pigmented porphyromonas spp. isolated from the gingival margins of selected wild and captive australian marsupials with varying degrees of periodontal disease (brushtail possums, koalas and macropods) were compared phylogenetically to porphyromonas strains from non-marsupials (bear, wolf, coyote, cats and dogs) and porphyromonas gingivalis strains from ... | 2008 | 18564186 |
origin and phylogenetic analysis of tibetan mastiff based on the mitochondrial dna sequence. | at present, the tibetan mastiff is the oldest and most ferocious dog in the world. however, the origin of the tibetan mastiff and its phylogenetic relationship with other large breed dogs such as saint bernard are unclear. in this study, the primers were designed according to the mitochondrial genome sequence of the domestic dog, and the 2,525 bp mitochondrial sequence, containing the whole sequence of cytochrome b, trna-thr, trna-pro, and control region of the tibetan mastiff, was obtained. usi ... | 2008 | 18571121 |
downside risk of wildlife translocation. | translocation has been used successfully by wildlife professionals to enhance or reintroduce populations of rare or extirpated wildlife, provide hunting or wildlife viewing opportunities, farm wild game, and reduce local human-wildlife conflicts. however, accidental and intentional translocations may have multiple unintended negative consequences, including increased stress and mortality of relocated animals, negative impacts on resident animals at release sites, increased conflicts with human i ... | 2008 | 18634483 |
to what extent do microsatellite markers reflect genome-wide genetic diversity in natural populations? | microsatellite variability is widely used to infer levels of genetic diversity in natural populations. however, the ascertainment bias caused by typically selecting only the most polymorphic markers in the genome may lead to reduced sensitivity for judging genome-wide levels of genetic diversity. to test this potential limitation of microsatellite-based approaches, we assessed the degree of nucleotide diversity in noncoding regions of eight different carnivore populations, including inbred as we ... | 2008 | 18647238 |
trichinella murrelli in scavenging mammals from south-central wisconsin, usa. | tissues and serum from 59 raccoons (procyon lotor), 42 coyotes (canis latrans), and seven striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) collected in dane and iowa counties, wisconsin, usa, between october 2005 and march 2006 were microscopically and serologically examined for the presence of trichinella spp. encapsulated larvae were found on compression slides prepared from tongue tissues from a few animals. complete tissue digestion of tongues revealed that 19% of the raccoons, 26% of the coyotes, and non ... | 2008 | 18689648 |
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2007. | summary: during 2007, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,258 cases of rabies in animals and 1 case in a human to the cdc, representing a 4.6% increase from the 6,940 cases in animals and 3 cases in humans reported in 2006. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,659 raccoons (36.6%), 1,973 bats (27.2%), 1,478 skunks (20.4%), 489 foxes (6.7%), 274 cats (3.8%), 93 dogs (1.3%), and 57 ca ... | 2008 | 18795848 |
np1ec degradation pathways under oxic and microxic conditions. | the degradation pathway of nonylphenol ethoxyacetic acid (np1ec) and the conditions favoring dicarboxylated alklyphenol ethoxyacetic acid (canp1ec; where n = the number of aliphatic carbon atoms) formation were studied in oxic microcosms constructed with organic carbon-poor soil from the mesa soil aquifer treatment (sat) facility (arizona) and pristine organic carbon-rich sediments from coyote creek (california). results suggest that the availability of dissolved oxygen determines the dominant b ... | 2008 | 18800508 |
analysis of forensic snps in the canine mtdna hv1 mutational hotspot region. | a 60 bp sequence variation hotspot in the canine mitochondrial dna hypervariable region 1 was evaluated for its use in forensic investigations. nineteen haplotypes containing 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed among laboratory-generated and genbank-derived domestic dog sequences representing five regional localities in the u.s. samples from the different localities were highly variable with the levels of intra-population variability being similar among the populations studied. amov ... | 2008 | 18808373 |
prey behavior, age-dependent vulnerability, and predation rates. | variation in the temporal pattern of vulnerability can provide important insights into predator-prey relationships and the evolution of antipredator behavior. we illustrate these points with a system that has coyotes (canis latrans) as a predator and two species of congeneric deer (odocoileus spp.) as prey. the deer employ different antipredator tactics (aggressive defense vs. flight) that result in contrasting patterns of age-dependent vulnerability in their probability of being captured when e ... | 2008 | 18840071 |
hybridization among three native north american canis species in a region of natural sympatry. | background: population densities of many species throughout the world are changing due to direct persecution as well as anthropogenic habitat modification. these changes may induce or increase the frequency of hybridization among taxa. if extensive, hybridization can threaten the genetic integrity or survival of endangered species. three native species of the genus canis, coyote (c. latrans), mexican wolf (c. lupus baileyi) and red wolf (c. rufus), were historically sympatric in texas, united st ... | 2008 | 18841199 |
parallels between playbacks and pleistocene tar seeps suggest sociality in an extinct sabretooth cat, smilodon. | inferences concerning the lives of extinct animals are difficult to obtain from the fossil record. here we present a novel approach to the study of extinct carnivores, using a comparison between fossil records (n=3324) found in late pleistocene tar seeps at rancho la brea in north america and counts (n=4491) from playback experiments used to estimate carnivore abundance in africa. playbacks and tar seep deposits represent competitive, potentially dangerous encounters where multiple predators are ... | 2009 | 18957359 |
detection of lawsonia intracellularis by real-time pcr in the feces of free-living animals from equine farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy. | the objective of this study was to determine whether lawsonia intracellularis was present in the feces of free-living animals collected on two equine premises with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). fresh feces from black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus, n=100), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis, n=22), feral cats (felis catus, n=14), brewer's blackbirds (euphagus cyanocephalus, n=10), virginian opossums (didelphis virginiana, n=9), raccoons (procyon lotor, n ... | 2008 | 18957657 |
risk factors associated with anthrax outbreak in animals in north dakota, 2005: a retrospective case-control study. | we identified the risk factors associated with the anthrax outbreak of 2005 in animals in north dakota. | 2008 | 19006977 |
the molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium and giardia infections in coyotes from alberta, canada, and observations on some cohabiting parasites. | coyotes from southern alberta and saskatchewan, canada, were examined for the presence of giardia and cryptosporidium and cohabiting helminths. toxascaris was present in over 90% of the 70 animals examined, and taenia sp. in 6.5-25% of the two groups of animals studied. giardia (12.5-21.7%) and cryptosporidium (0-17.4%) were also common and molecular characterisation revealed both zoonotic and host-adapted genotypes of giardia, whereas the cryptosporidium proved to be a variant of the canine spe ... | 2009 | 19019549 |
defining the immune response to ehrlichia species using murine models. | pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family anaplasmataceae include species of the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma. ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. e. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as amblyomma americanum. e. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host ... | 2008 | 19028013 |
economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog-coyote rabies epizootic: 1995-2006. | to conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (ddc) oral rabies vaccine (orv) program in texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data. | 2008 | 19046031 |
surveillance of coyotes to detect bovine tuberculosis, michigan. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of michigan's lower peninsula. bovine tb in deer and cattle has created immense financial consequences for the livestock industry and hunting public. surveillance identified coyotes (canis latrans) as potential bio-accumulators of mycobacterium bovis, a finding that generated interest in their potential to serve as sentinels for monitoring disease risk. we sampled 175 coyotes in the bovi ... | 2008 | 19046508 |
protein hydrolysates are avoided by herbivores but not by omnivores in two-choice preference tests. | the negative sensory properties of casein hydrolysates (hc) often limit their usage in products intended for human consumption, despite hc being nutritious and having many functional benefits. recent, but taxonomically limited, evidence suggests that other animals also avoid consuming hc when alternatives exist. | 2009 | 19122811 |
linkage disequilibrium and demographic history of wild and domestic canids. | assessing the extent of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in natural populations of a nonmodel species has been difficult due to the lack of available genomic markers. however, with advances in genotyping and genome sequencing, genomic characterization of natural populations has become feasible. using sequence data and snp genotypes, we measured ld and modeled the demographic history of wild canid populations and domestic dog breeds. in 11 gray wolf populations and one coyote population, we find that ... | 2009 | 19189949 |
detection of neospora caninum from farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. | neospora caninum has been detected in several wild mammalian species, i.e., deer, coyotes, dingoes, and foxes. farm-bred foxes were rarely reported to be affected by the parasite. in this study, we detected for the first time the infection of n.caninum in farm-bred young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) in china. neospora-like tissue cysts were observed in brains and kidneys of the foxes by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. one hundred and three sera from the clinically normal v ... | 2009 | 19194087 |
molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in north american gray wolves. | morphological diversity within closely related species is an essential aspect of evolution and adaptation. mutations in the melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) gene contribute to pigmentary diversity in natural populations of fish, birds, and many mammals. however, melanism in the gray wolf, canis lupus, is caused by a different melanocortin pathway component, the k locus, that encodes a beta-defensin protein that acts as an alternative ligand for mc1r. we show that the melanistic k locus mutation in ... | 2009 | 19197024 |
phytoremediation of chlorinated ethenes in seepline sediments: tree selection. | phytoremediation of chlorinated ethene (ce)-contaminated water was investigated at the savannah river site in aiken, sc, usa. perchloroethylene (pce) and trichloroethylene (tce) are present where ce-contaminated groundwater currently outcrops in seepline soils. results of constructed and planted test cells, filled with soil from a noncontaminated seepline area and supplied with ce-contaminated groundwater (48 ppb) in the field for one season are presented. these test cells were planted with lobl ... | 2008 | 19260231 |
trans-species amplification of prp(cwd) and correlation with rigid loop 170n. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an efficiently transmitted spongiform encephalopathy of cervids. whether cwd could represent a threat to non-cervid species remains speculative. here we show that brain homogenates from several cwd-susceptible non-cervid species, such as ferrets and hamsters, support amplification of prp(cwd) by spmca, whereas brain homogenates from cwd-resistant species, such as laboratory mice and transgenic mice expressing human prp(c) [tg(huprp) mice], do not. we also investi ... | 2009 | 19269662 |
crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a south american canid, as a definitive host for hammondia heydorni. | hammondia heydorni is a cyst forming coccidia closely related to other apicomplexans, such as toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and hammondia hammondi with a two-host life cycle. dogs and other canids as red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans) may serve as definitive hosts for h. heydorni. sporulated oocysts are infective for cattle, sheep and goats, which may serve as intermediate hosts. herein, we describe the ability of crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), a wild carnivore that ... | 2009 | 19303215 |
origin and status of the great lakes wolf. | an extensive debate concerning the origin and taxonomic status of wolf-like canids in the north american great lakes region and the consequences for conservation politics regarding these enigmatic predators is ongoing. using maternally, paternally and biparentally inherited molecular markers, we demonstrate that the great lakes wolves are a unique population or ecotype of gray wolves. furthermore, we show that the great lakes wolves experienced high degrees of ancient and recent introgression of ... | 2009 | 19366404 |
integrity of mating behaviors and seasonal reproduction in coyotes (canis latrans) following treatment with estradiol benzoate. | coyotes (canis latrans) are seasonally monestrous and form perennial pair-bonds. breeding is dominated by each pack's alpha male and female, and both sexes share responsibility for territory defense and pup-rearing. they are also opportunistic predators on domestic livestock and pets. but while dominant adults have been implicated as primary killers, depredation is reduced when coyotes are without pups. contraception, therefore, may represent a non-lethal solution for conflicts between coyotes a ... | 2010 | 19523776 |
coyotes (canis latrans) and the matching law. | environmental change is accelerating due to anthropogenic influence. species that have greater behavioral flexibility may be better adapted to exploit new or constantly changing habitats. there are few mammals and even fewer carnivores that better illustrate widespread adaptability and behavioral flexibility in the wake of human disturbance than coyotes (canis latrans). yet how such predators successfully track resources, enabling them to survive and extend their range in stochastic environments ... | 2009 | 19555745 |
spatial analysis of plague in california: niche modeling predictions of the current distribution and potential response to climate change. | plague, caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis, is a public and wildlife health concern in california and the western united states. this study explores the spatial characteristics of positive plague samples in california and tests maxent, a machine-learning method that can be used to develop niche-based models from presence-only data, for mapping the potential distribution of plague foci. maxent models were constructed using geocoded seroprevalence data from surveillance of california ground s ... | 2009 | 19558717 |
hematology, parasitology, and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) from south carolina. | blood and feces were collected from 34 adult (19 males, 15 females) and seven juvenile (three males, one female, three not reported) free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) on the us department of energy's savannah river site (south carolina, usa). significant (p<0.05) hematologic differences by sex were noted for red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. biochemical differences by sex occurred only for albumen (p<0.05). twenty-one adults were antibody positive for at least one of four vir ... | 2009 | 19617502 |
influence of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on seasonal reproductive behavior of the coyote (canis latrans). | wild canis species such as the coyote (c. latrans) express a suite of reproductive traits unusual among mammals, including perennial pair-bonds and paternal care of the young. coyotes also are monestrous, and both sexes are fertile only in winter; thus, they depend upon social and physiologic synchrony for successful reproduction. to investigate the mutability of seasonal reproduction in coyotes, we attempted to evoke an out-of-season estrus in october using one of two short-acting gonadotropin- ... | 2009 | 19631975 |
surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in scavengers of white-tailed deer carcasses in the chronic wasting disease area of wisconsin. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a class of neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) occurring in cervids, is found in a number of states and provinces across north america. misfolded prions, the infectious agents of cwd, are deposited in the environment via carcass remains and excreta, and pose a threat of cross-species transmission. in this study tissues were tested from 812 representative mammalian scavengers, collected in the cwd-affected area of wisconsin, for tse inf ... | 2009 | 19697235 |
alternate pathway of infection with hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation. | the range of american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is expanding from the southern usa northward. transmission of hepatozoon americanum occurs by ingestion of infected gulf coast ticks, amblyomma maculatum. the source of the protozoan for the tick remains undetermined; infected dogs are unusual hosts for the tick. | 2009 | 19709355 |
a serological survey of infectious disease in yellowstone national park's canid community. | gray wolves (canis lupus) were reintroduced into yellowstone national park (ynp) after a >70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. in 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks. | 2009 | 19756151 |
rapid adaptive evolution of northeastern coyotes via hybridization with wolves. | the dramatic expansion of the geographical range of coyotes over the last 90 years is partly explained by changes to the landscape and local extinctions of wolves, but hybridization may also have facilitated their movement. we present mtdna sequence data from 686 eastern coyotes and measurements of 196 skulls related to their two-front colonization pattern. we find evidence for hybridization with great lakes wolves only along the northern front, which is correlated with larger skull size, increa ... | 2010 | 19776058 |
human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait - pennsylvania, 2009. | since 2003, the u.s. department of agriculture's wildlife services has coordinated a multistate oral rabies vaccination (orv) program for wildlife in a 15-state zone extending from maine to alabama and in texas. the program seeks to enhance local control and prevent the spread of epizootic rabies among raccoons and, in texas, among gray foxes and coyotes. the program uses baits containing liquid vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine. because contact with ruptured baits ca ... | 2009 | 19893480 |
endoparasites of the coyote (canis latrans), a recent migrant to insular newfoundland. | this study provides the first data on the helminth fauna of the coyote (canis latrans) in insular newfoundland. sixty-nine coyotes were collected between 2001 and 2003 and examined for helminths. a total of 10 helminth species were recorded: the cestodes taenia ovis krabbei (9%), taenia hydatigena (4%), taenia pisiformis (1%), and mesocestoides spp. (5%); and the nematodes toxocara canis (19%), toxascaris leonina (1%), crenosoma vulpis (19%), physaloptera rara (6%), uncinaria stenocephala (3%), ... | 2009 | 19901402 |
a 10-year wildlife survey of 15 species of canadian carnivores identifies new hosts or geographic locations for trichinella genotypes t2, t4, t5, and t6. | a survey of wild carnivores in canada was conducted over a 10-year period to determine the prevalence and genotypes of trichinella. muscle samples collected from 1409 animals representing 15 hosts species were enzymatically digested to recover trichinella larvae. larvae were recovered from a total of 287 (20.4%) animals and pcr identified four genotypes of trichinella. trichinella nativa was found in 5 host species and was the most commonly found genotype. trichinella t6 was present in 7 species ... | 2010 | 19926223 |
bartonella rochalimae in raccoons, coyotes, and red foxes. | to determine additional reservoirs for bartonella rochalimae, we examined samples from several wildlife species. we isolated b. rochalimae from 1 red fox near paris, france, and from 11 raccoons and 2 coyotes from california, usa. co-infection with b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was documented in 1 of the coyotes. | 2009 | 19961681 |
seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi among eleven potential reservoir species from six states across the southern united states. | trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in latin america. although rare in humans and domestic animals in the united states, t. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (procyon lotor) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana). to increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of t. cruzi (arizo ... | 2010 | 20020815 |
oral rabies vaccination in north america: opportunities, complexities, and challenges. | steps to facilitate inter-jurisdictional collaboration nationally and continentally have been critical for implementing and conducting coordinated wildlife rabies management programs that rely heavily on oral rabies vaccination (orv). formation of a national rabies management team has been pivotal for coordinated orv programs in the united states of america. the signing of the north american rabies management plan extended a collaborative framework for coordination of surveillance, control, and ... | 2009 | 20027214 |
identification of in vivo-induced conserved sequences from yersinia pestis during experimental plague infection in the rabbit. | in an effort to identify the novel virulence determinants of yersinia pestis, we applied the gene "discovery" methodology, in vivo-induced (ivi) antigen technology, to detect genes upregulated during infection in a laboratory rabbit model for bubonic plague. after screening over 70,000 escherichia coli clones of y. pestis dna expression libraries, products from 25 loci were identified as being seroreactive to reductively adsorbed, pooled immune serum. upon sequence analysis of the predicted ivi ... | 2010 | 20055582 |
[seroprevalence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii in captive wild canids]. | neosporosis is considered one of the main cause of abortion in dairy cattle in the world. the prevalence of neospora caninum in wild species has been studied since the coyote (canis latrans), a north american wild canid specie was discovered as definitive host of this parasite. the aim of the present study was to determine the serum prevalence of n. caninum and t. gondii in wild native canids species from brazil. serum samples of 25 crab-eating dogs (cerdocyon thous), five pampas fox (lycalopex ... | 2008 | 20059860 |
jasmonate and pphsystemin regulate key malonylation steps in the biosynthesis of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides, an abundant and effective direct defense against herbivores in nicotiana attenuata. | we identified 11 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (hgl-dtgs) that occur in concentrations equivalent to starch (mg/g fresh mass) in aboveground tissues of coyote tobacco (nicotiana attenuata) and differ in their sugar moieties and malonyl sugar esters (0-2). concentrations of hgl-dtgs, particularly malonylated compounds, are highest in young and reproductive tissues. within a tissue, herbivore elicitation changes concentrations and biosynthetic kinetics of individual compounds. usi ... | 2010 | 20081114 |
colonization history and ancestry of northeastern coyotes. | 2010 | 20089539 | |
aggression and rabid coyotes, massachusetts, usa. | 2010 | 20113587 | |
elucidating the spread of the emerging canid nematode angiostrongylus vasorum between palaearctic and nearctic ecozones. | angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging parasite that is currently distributed through western europe and parts of south america. an isolated population is also present in newfoundland, canada. this presents a risk of onward spread into north america, but its origin is unknown. to ascertain the phylogeographic relationships and genetic diversity of a. vasorum within the western palaearctic and eastern nearctic ecozones, a total of 143 adult and larval nematode specimens were collected from foxes ... | 2010 | 20139034 |
genetic differentiation of eastern wolves in algonquin park despite bridging gene flow between coyotes and grey wolves. | distinguishing genetically differentiated populations within hybrid zones and determining the mechanisms by which introgression occurs are crucial for setting effective conservation policy. extensive hybridization among grey wolves (canis lupus), eastern wolves (c. lycaon) and coyotes (c. latrans) in eastern north america has blurred species distinctions, creating a canis hybrid swarm. using complementary genetic markers, we tested the hypotheses that eastern wolves have acted as a conduit of se ... | 2010 | 20160760 |
captive coyotes compared to their counterparts in the wild: does environmental enrichment help? | this article attempts to determine the effects of environment (captive or wild) and a simple form of environmental enrichment on the behavior and physiology of a nonhuman animal. specifically, analyses first compared behavioral budgets and stereotypic behavior of captive coyotes (canis latrans) in kennels and pens to their counterparts in the wild. second, experiments examined the effect of a simple form of environmental enrichment for captive coyotes (food-filled bones) on behavioral budgets, s ... | 2009 | 20183476 |
a deer-coyote episode. | 1947 | 20295987 | |
ecophysiology of riparian cottonwood and willow before, during, and after two years of soil water removal. | riparian cottonwood/willow forest assemblages are highly valued in the southwestern united states for their wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and watershed protection. yet these forests are under considerable threat from climate change impacts on water resources and land-use activities to support human enterprise. stream diversions, groundwater pumping, and extended drought have resulted in the decline of cottonwood/willow forests along many riparian corridors in the southwest and, in many cases, ... | 2010 | 20405792 |
canine schistosomiasis in north america: an underdiagnosed disease with an expanding distribution. | heterobilharzia americana, a digenean trematode in the family schistosomatidae, is the etiologic agent of canine schistosomiasis in the southeastern united states.1 a few cases of canine schistosomiasis have been reported in florida, louisiana, north carolina, texas, and, recently, kansas.1-6 the natural definitive host for the fluke is the raccoon1; however, infections have been detected in nutrias, bobcats, mountain lions, opossums, white-tailed deer, swamp rabbits, armadillos, coyotes, red wo ... | 2010 | 20473851 |
complete mitochondrial genome of the red fox (vuples vuples) and phylogenetic analysis with other canid species. | the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of red fox (vuples vuples) was determined. it had a total length of 16 723 bp. as in most mammal mitochondrial genome, it contained 13 protein coding genes, two ribosome rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and one control region. the base composition was 31.3% a, 26.1% c, 14.8% g and 27.8% t, respectively. the codon usage of red fox, arctic fox, gray wolf, domestic dog and coyote followed the same pattern except for an unusual att start codon, which initiates ... | 2010 | 20545001 |
babesia microti-like infections are prevalent in north american foxes. | babesia microti-like organisms have recently been identified as a cause of hemolytic anemia and azotemia in european dogs. a genetically and morphologically similar b. microti-like parasite has been identified in two foxes from north america. in order to assess the prevalence of this parasite in north american wild canids we screened blood samples from coyotes (canis latrans) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from eastern canada and red foxes and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from north caro ... | 2010 | 20580162 |
bilateral cataracts in a coyote (canis latrans) pup from saskatchewan, canada. | a free-ranging coyote (canis latrans) pup was found in rural saskatchewan and was subsequently presented to a veterinary teaching hospital by a wildlife rehabilitator. on physical examination, the pup was found to be blind as a result of bilateral, mature cataracts, which were confirmed on postmortem examination. no other significant intraocular or extraocular disease was detected, resulting in a presumptive diagnosis of congenital cataract. to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ... | 2010 | 20597237 |
analysis of canis mitochondrial dna demonstrates high concordance between the control region and atpase genes. | phylogenetic studies of wild canis species have relied heavily on the mitochondrial dna control region (mtdna cr) to infer species relationships and evolutionary lineages. previous analyses of the cr provided evidence for a north american evolved eastern wolf (c. lycaon), that is more closely related to red wolves (c. rufus) and coyotes (c. latrans) than grey wolves (c. lupus). eastern wolf origins, however, continue to be questioned. therefore, we analyzed mtdna from 89 wolves and coyotes acros ... | 2010 | 20637067 |
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife. | free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ... | 2010 | 20688628 |
epizootiologic survey of mycobacterium bovis in wildlife and farm environments in northern michigan. | bovine tuberculosis (bovine tb), caused by mycobacterium bovis, has reemerged in northern michigan, usa, with detections in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in 1994 and in cattle in 1998. since then, significant efforts have been directed toward reducing deer densities in the area in the hopes of reducing the bovine tb prevalence rate in deer and eliminating spillover of the disease into cattle. despite the success of the efforts to reduce deer densities, additional cattle herds have b ... | 2010 | 20688630 |
colorado animal-based plague surveillance systems: relationships between targeted animal species and prediction efficacy of areas at risk for humans. | human plague risks (yersinia pestis infection) are greatest when epizootics cause high mortality among this bacterium's natural rodent hosts. therefore, health departments in plague-endemic areas commonly establish animal-based surveillance programs to monitor y. pestis infection among plague hosts and vectors. the primary objectives of our study were to determine whether passive animal-based plague surveillance samples collected in colorado from 1991 to 2005 were sampled from high human plague ... | 2009 | 20836802 |
sympatric wolf and coyote populations of the western great lakes region are reproductively isolated. | interpretation of the genetic composition and taxonomic history of wolves in the western great lakes region (wglr) of the united states has long been debated and has become more important to their conservation given the recent changes in their status under the endangered species act. currently, the two competing hypotheses on wglr wolves are that they resulted from hybridization between (i) grey wolves (canis lupus) and western coyotes (c. latrans) or (ii) between grey wolves and eastern wolves ... | 2010 | 20854277 |
prey-mediated avoidance of an intraguild predator by its intraguild prey. | intraguild (ig) predation is an important factor influencing community structure, yet factors allowing coexistence of ig predator and ig prey are not well understood. the existence of spatial refuges for ig prey has recently been noted for their importance in allowing coexistence. however, reduction in basal prey availability might lead ig prey to leave spatial refuges for greater access to prey, leading to increased ig predation and fewer opportunities for coexistence. we determined how the ava ... | 2010 | 20953798 |
wolves in the great lakes region: a phylogeographic puzzle. | empirical studies demonstrate that natural hybridization in animals is more common than thought so far (mallet 2005), particularly among species that originated recently through cycles of population contraction-expansion arising from climate changes over the last glacial period, the pleistocene. in addition, the post-glacial global growth of human populations has fostered anthropogenic hybridization events, mediated by habitat changes, the persecution of large predators and the introduction of a ... | 2010 | 21040036 |
persistence of canine distemper virus in the greater yellowstone ecosystem's carnivore community. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an acute, highly immunizing pathogen that should require high densities and large populations of hosts for long-term persistence, yet cdv persists among terrestrial carnivores with small, patchily distributed groups. we used cdv in the greater yellowstone ecosystem's (gye) wolves (canis lupus) and coyotes (canis latrans) as a case study for exploring how metapopulation structure, host demographics, and multi-host transmission affect the critical community size and ... | 2010 | 21049890 |
assessment of the functionality of genome-wide canine snp arrays and implications for canine disease association studies. | domestic dogs share a wide range of important disease conditions with humans, including cancers, diabetes and epilepsy. many of these conditions have similar or identical underlying pathologies to their human counterparts and thus dogs represent physiologically relevant natural models of human disorders. comparative genomic approaches whereby disease genes can be identified in dog diseases and then mapped onto the human genome are now recognized as a valid method and are increasing in popularity ... | 2010 | 21070295 |
experimental infection of dogs (canis familiaris) with sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is widely distributed in the world and this parasite is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum and several species of domestic and wild animals are intermediate hosts. dogs can become infected by the ingestion of tissues containing cysts and then excrete oocysts. it is not yet known whether sporulated oocysts are able to induce a patent infection in dogs, i.e. a shedding of n. caninum oocysts in feces. the objective of ... | 2010 | 21094584 |
antigenic profiling of yersinia pestis infection in the wyoming coyote (canis latrans). | although yersinia pestis is classified as a "high-virulence" pathogen, some host species are variably susceptible to disease. coyotes (canis latrans) exhibit mild, if any, symptoms during infection, but antibody production occurs postinfection. this immune response has been reported to be against the f1 capsule, although little subsequent characterization has been conducted. to further define the nature of coyote humoral immunity to plague, qualitative serology was conducted to assess the antipl ... | 2011 | 21269993 |
lead poisoning of bald (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden (aquila chrysaetos) eagles in the u.s. inland pacific northwest region--an 18-year retrospective study: 1991-2008. | to determine risk factors and seasonal trends of lead poisoning in bald (haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden (aquila chrysaetos) eagles, blood lead levels were evaluated in eagles admitted from the inland pacific northwest region of the united states to the raptor rehabilitation program, college of veterinary medicine at washington state university from 1991 to 2008. admissions were from washington (32 bald eagles, 27 golden eagles), northern idaho (21 bald eagles, 25 golden eagles), northeaste ... | 2010 | 21302758 |
effects of management of domestic dogs and recreation on carnivores in protected areas in northern california. | in developed countries dogs (canis lupus familiaris) are permitted to accompany human visitors to many protected areas (e.g., >96% of protected lands in california, u.s.a.), and protected-area management often focuses on regulating dogs due to concerns about predation, competition, or transmission of disease and conflicts with human visitors. in 2004 and 2005, we investigated whether carnivore species richness and abundance were associated with management of domestic dogs and recreational visita ... | 2011 | 21309853 |
prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california. | a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ... | 2011 | 21378057 |
filaroides osleri (oslerus osleri): two case reports and a review of canid infections in north america. | infections of domesticated dogs by a worldwide parasitic nematode filaroides osleri (oslerus osleri) lead to verminous tracheobronchitis that are often misdiagnosed clinically as kennel cough, due to infection with the bacterium bordetella bronchiseptica. diagnosis of two canine cases in wyoming, usa prompted a search of the literature of canid infections in north america. infections of domestic dogs are reported in nine us states and four canadian provinces. dogs of multiple breeds and both sex ... | 2011 | 21411228 |
active use of coyotes (canis latrans) to detect bovine tuberculosis in northeastern michigan, usa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern michigan, usa, and research suggests transmission to cattle. prevalence of the disease in deer is estimated at 1.8%, but as prevalence decreases the difficulty of detection increases. research suggests coyotes (canis latrans) have a higher prevalence of btb in michigan than deer and sampling coyotes may be a more efficient surveillance tool to detect presence or spread of the disease. coyotes posse ... | 2011 | 21420801 |
[studies on the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as a potential definitive host of neospora caninum]. | neospora (n.) caninum is a protozoan parasite which is regarded as a major cause of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum which may shed environmentally resistant stages, oocysts, in their feces. epidemiological studies in germany showed that the presence of dogs increased the risk of a bovine herd to be n. caninum-positive in a bulk-milk elisa test. however, there were also n. caninum-positive herds where dogs were not kept together with cattle.this leads to th ... | 2011 | 21465771 |
utilization of paw prints for species identification in the canidae family. | in this report, the bodies of six skinned animals were submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory for necropsy examination as authorities were concerned these animals were domestic dogs. given the condition of the animals, identification of the animal species could not be based on traditional physical characteristics such as size, fur characteristics, and ear characteristics. the paw prints from these animals were characterized based on size, heel pad architecture, and claw c ... | 2011 | 21470233 |
ontogenetic relationships between cranium and mandible in coyotes and hyenas. | developing animals must resolve the conflicting demands of survival and growth, ensuring that they can function as infants or juveniles while developing toward their adult form. in the case of the mammalian skull, the cranium and mandible must maintain functional integrity to meet the feeding needs of a juvenile even as the relationship between parts must change to meet the demands imposed on adults. we examine growth and development of the cranium and mandible, using a unique ontogenetic series ... | 2011 | 21484852 |
assessing the prevalence of hybridization between sympatric canis species surrounding the red wolf (canis rufus) recovery area in north carolina. | predicting spatial patterns of hybridization is important for evolutionary and conservation biology yet are hampered by poor understanding of how hybridizing species can interact. this is especially pertinent in contact zones where hybridizing populations are sympatric. in this study, we examined the extent of red wolf (canis rufus) colonization and introgression where the species contacts a coyote (c. latrans) population in north carolina, usa. we surveyed 22 000 km(2) in the winter of 2008 for ... | 2011 | 21486372 |