Publications

stereoselective renal tubular secretion of a new uricosuric diuretic, 6,7-dichloro-5-(n,n-dimethylsulfamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-benzofurancarboxyl ic acid (s-8666), in cynomolgus monkeys.	plasma concentration-time curves and urinary excretion of individual enantiomers of unchanged s-8666 and its n-monodemethylated metabolite, m-1, in male cynomolgus monkeys were measured after oral administration of racemic s-8666 at doses of 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg and also after intravenous injection at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. the tmax values for individual enantiomers of s-8666 in fasted male monkeys were 30 min after oral administration. the auc values for s(-)-s-8666 were greater than those ...	1992	1352207
midbrain dopaminergic cell loss in parkinson's disease and mptp-induced parkinsonism: sparing of calbindin-d28k-containing cells.	computer imaging and immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to determine which midbrain dopaminergic (da) cells are spared in parkinson's disease (pd), and in animals treated with the da neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp), and whether the spared cells contain the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-d28k (cabp). the pd patients had more than 55% fewer midbrain da neurons than age-matched normal subjects. the cell loss occurred within the combined substantia n ...	1992	1353337
effect of chronic treatment with (+)-phno, a d2 agonist in mptp-treated monkeys.	a group of four drug naive macaca fascicularis were rendered parkinsonian with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine and then treated chronically with (+)-phno, a potent d2 agonist. after several days, dyskinesia appeared in all animals. at this point, the daily dose of (+)-phno was replaced by a dose of the d1 agonist cy 208-243. the substitution by cy 208-243 reproduced the same dyskinesia observed with (+)-phno. the administration of the da synthesis inhibitor ampt (alp ...	1992	1354166
dopaminergic stimulation of oxytocin concentrations in the plasma of male and female monkeys by apomorphine and a d2 receptor agonist.	administration of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine causes a dose-dependent increase in plasma oxytocin concentrations and dose-specific behavioral changes in rodents. to investigate whether dopamine receptor agonists will elicit similar neuroendocrine and behavioral effects in primates, we administered graded doses of apomorphine and the respective dopamine d1 and d2 receptor agonists, cy 208-243 and ly 163502, to monkeys and monitored plasma concentrations of oxytocin and behavior. fiv ...	1992	1355489
prevention of hiv-2 and siv infections in cynomolgus macaques by prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine.	the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) for in vivo evaluation of antiviral drugs in monkeys and to study if prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine (flt) could prevent infection against a low challenge dose of hiv-2 or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). protection against infection was assessed by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) as well as by antibody and ...	1992	1355658
changes in brain catecholamines and dopamine uptake sites at different stages of mptp parkinsonism in monkeys.	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) has been shown to produce parkinsonism in primates. we have studied the changes in brain catecholamines and the distribution of desipramine insensitive mazindol binding sites in mptp parkinsonian primates at different levels of parkinsonism. thirty-seven monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were utilized in this study. twelve naive animals received no treatment and served as controls. twenty-five animals were rendered parkinsonian with serial injectio ...	1992	1356591
glutamate-immunoreactive terminals synapse on primate spinothalamic tract cells.	glutamate has been shown to excite spinothalamic tract (stt) neurons and has been localized to primary afferent neurons, spinal cord projection neurons, and interneurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn. the likelihood that glutamate-immunoreactive (glu-ir) terminals directly innervate stt neurons was investigated. for these studies three lamina iv or v stt cells in the lumbar spinal cords of three monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were identified electrophysiologically and characterized. two were ide ...	1992	1357007
evaluation of a stable cck agonist (a68552) in conditioned avoidance responding in mice, rats, and primates: comparison with typical and atypical antipsychotics.	in a variety of in vivo and in vitro tests, cholecystokinin (cck) has been shown to produce effects that would suggest a functional antagonism of dopamine. on that basis, it has been hypothesized that cck could have antipsychotic effects. we compared the cck agonist, a68552, to the antipsychotics haloperidol (hal), clozapine (cloz) and sulpiride (sulp) in various forms of conditioned avoidance using rats, mice, and cynomolgus monkeys. in rats, hal disrupted both acquisition of a conditioned shel ...	1992	1359571
oxidation of aldose reductase inhibitors alo-4114 and alo-3152 catalyzed by liver microsomes.	rat and cynomolgus monkey liver microsomes catalyze the oxidation of 2.7-difluoro-4.5-dimethoxyspiro (9h-fluorene-9,4'-imidazolidine)-2',5'-dione (alo-4114) to its monomethoxymetabolite (alo-4417). formation of this product by o-demethylation of alo-4114 is catalyzed by nadph and oxygen-dependent microsomal enzymes with the properties of p-450 monooxygenases. the reaction is blocked by inhibitors selective for these enzymes and activity increases about 2-fold in rats pretreated with phenobarbita ...	1992	1362951
"primatization" of recombinant antibodies for immunotherapy of human diseases: a macaque/human chimeric antibody against human cd4.	immunoglobulin variable region genes from non-human primates, cynomolgus macaques, were shown to have 85%-98% homology with human immunoglobulin sequences and yet macaques are phylogenetically distant enough to respond against conserved human antigens. immunoglobulin genes were isolated from monkeys immunized with human cd4 antigen and a human/monkey chimeric anti-cd4 antibody with 91-92% homology to human immunoglobulin framework regions was cloned and expressed. the antibody has an apparent af ...	1992	1369023
prostate specific antigen and prostatitis. i. effect of prostatitis on serum psa in the human and nonhuman primate.	prostate specific antigen (psa) has become a mainstay in the diagnosis and management of patients with prostate cancer. we have found, as have others, that it may be elevated in patients with prostatic inflammation. ten patients had clinical evidence of prostatitis and elevated psa levels. six of these had persistently elevated levels after antibiotic treatment. after transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy, two had findings of adenocarcinoma, and the rest had a pathologic diagnosis of acute or c ...	1992	1372426
disposition of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p'-ddt, and trans-chlordane administered subcutaneously to monkeys (macaca fascicularis).	to evaluate skin lipid analysis for the accumulation level of environmental pollutants, the correlations between organochlorine pesticide residues in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids of monkeys were studied. the mixture of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-hch), p,p'-ddt, and trans-chlordane was subcutaneously given to monkeys once weekly for 5 weeks at dose levels of 1 and 10 mg/kg. the chemicals distributed in adipose tissue, blood, and skin lipids were determined six times after the last ...	1992	1372798
demonstration of chlamydial rna and dna during a culture-negative state.	trachoma is a common blinding disease of humans caused by ocular infections with chlamydia trachomatis. the cynomolgus monkey is a valuable primate model for the detection, pathobiology, and treatment of this infection. we have used this model system to compare the relative ability of tissue culture, direct fluorescence cytology, a modified polymerase chain reaction, and rna blotting to detect c. trachomatis following primary infection and reinfection over 34 weeks. six cynomolgus monkeys were g ...	1992	1373404
cortical connections of the inferior arcuate sulcus cortex in the macaque brain.	injections of the retrograde/anterograde tracers wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) into the cortex along the banks of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus in the cortex of 4 macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were used to investigate its cortico-cortical connections. all injections produced transported label within the sulcus principalis, the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate sulcus and the dorsal insular cortex. the distribution of label within ...	1992	1374284
retrograde transport of d-[3h]-aspartate injected into the monkey amygdaloid complex.	the possibility that certain of the afferents of the primate amygdaloid complex use an excitatory amino acid transmitter was evaluated by injecting d-[3h]-aspartate into the amygdala of two macaca fascicularis monkeys. the distribution of d-[3h]-aspartate labeled neurons was compared with those labeled with the nonselective retrograde tracer wga-hrp injected at the same location as the isotope. retrogradely labeled cells of both types were observed in a variety of cortical and subcortical struct ...	1992	1374347
ocular dominance columns in area 17 of old world macaque and talapoin monkeys: complete reconstructions and quantitative analyses.	the effects of monocular deprivation on cytochrome-oxidase (co) expression were used to reveal ocular dominance columns in flatmounts of the striate cortex in macaque (macaca fascicularis) and talapoin (miopithecus talapoin) monkeys. this procedure allowed the first direct visualization of the complete pattern of ocular dominance bands in macaque monkeys, and less complete reconstructions in talapoin monkeys. in a second macaque monkey, the ocular dominance organization was revealed by injecting ...	1992	1375096
inapparent ocular infection by chlamydia trachomatis in experimental and human trachoma.	there is substantial indirect evidence which suggests that chlamydia trachomatis can generate inapparent, persistent infections in human. to confirm this directly, we examined ocular chlamydial infection in both the cynomolgus monkey model of trachoma and in patient samples from a trachoma-endemic area. in monkeys, ocular infection was studied over time using direct immunofluorescence cytology (dfa) and a molecular hybridization screening system which targets chlamydial ribosomal rna. in eleven ...	1992	1375138
functional characterization of non-human primate erythrocyte immune adherence receptors: implications for the uptake of immune complexes by the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.	erythrocytes from primates express an immune adherence (ia) receptor that binds complement-opsonized immune complexes (ic) both in vivo and in vitro. we have analyzed the immunochemical and functional properties of the ia receptor from erythrocytes from species that have been used for in vivo ic clearance studies and have compared these properties to the human ia receptor (which is called complement receptor type 1, cr1). erythrocytes from all species (chimpanzee, baboon, rhesus and cynomolgus m ...	1992	1376254
stereoselective behavioral effects of lu 19-005 in monkeys: relation to binding at cocaine recognition sites.	the effects of the monoamine uptake inhibitor lu 19-005 ((+/-)-trans-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-n-methyl-1-indanamine) and its (+) and (-) enantiomers, lu 20-042 and lu 20-043, were compared with those of cocaine and the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor gbr 12909 (1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine) in behavioral and radioligand binding experiments. behavioral experiments were conducted in groups of squirrel monkeys trained under fixed-interval schedules of reinf ...	1992	1377395
species differences in 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol hydroxylation by rat, monkey, and human prostate microsomes.	the 6 alpha-, 7 alpha-, and 7 beta-hydroxylation of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol by rat prostate microsomes appears to be catalyzed by a single, high-affinity cytochrome p450 enzyme. in the present study we have examined the hydroxylation of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol by prostate microsomes from cynomolgus monkeys and from normal subjects and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. our results suggest that although rat, monkey, and human prostate microsomes catalyze the ...	1992	1378714
experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in cynomolgus monkeys. quantitation of t cell responses in peripheral blood.	chronic relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) was induced in cynomolgus monkeys by a single immunization with a homogenate of human brain white matter (bh) in adjuvant. proliferative t lymphocyte responses to bh, to myelin basic protein (mbp), but not to proteolipid protein, were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of all animals and persisted until their death or, in surviving animals, for greater than 10 mo postimmunization. responses of higher mag ...	1992	1379611
evidence for a substance p containing subpopulation in the primate suprachiasmatic nucleus.	immunohistochemical detection of substance p (sp) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of the old world monkey, macaca fascicularis, was performed using two different rabbit polyclonal antisera. immunostaining revealed a large population of neurons located in the dorsal subdivision of the nucleus identified by nissl stain. this neuronal group represents the only cluster of sp-like immunoreactive (sp-ir) perikarya observed within the hypothalamus. in contrast with our present finding in the macaq ...	1992	1380392
immunocytochemical localisation of substance p-like nerves in the cardiac ganglia of the monkey (macaca fascicularis).	substance p-like immunoreactive (sp-ir) nerves formed 2 types of relationships with nerve cells in the cardiac ganglia of the monkey (macaca fascicularis). the first type consisted of varicose sp-ir nerve fibres that ramified throughout the cardiac ganglia, forming a loose network with several nerve cell bodies. the second type consisted of several nerve cell bodies enwrapped by a dense pericellular (basket-like) investment of varicose sp-ir nerve fibres. numerous sp-ir nerve fibres formed periv ...	1992	1380495
species differences and interindividual variation in liver microsomal cytochrome p450 2a enzymes: effects on coumarin, dicumarol, and testosterone oxidation.	antibody against purified cyp2a1 recognizes two rat liver microsomal p450 enzymes, cyp2a1 and cyp2a2, that catalyze the 7 alpha- and 15 alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone, respectively. in human liver microsomes, this antibody recognizes a single protein, namely cyp2a6, which catalyzes the 7-hydroxylation of coumarin. to examine species differences in cyp2a function, liver microsomes from nine mammalian species (rat, mouse, hamster, rabbit, guinea pig, cat, dog, cynomolgus monkey, and human) we ...	1992	1381906
inhibitory synaptic input to identified rubrospinal neurons in macaca fascicularis: an electron microscopic study using a combined immuno-gaba-gold technique and the retrograde transport of wga-hrp.	rubrospinal neurons of the magnocellular division of the red nucleus of macaca fascicularis were retrogradely labeled following spinal cord microinjections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase, as demonstrated by the chromagen tetramethylbenzidine, identifying the mesencephalic cells of origin of this descending motor pathway. the tissue was processed for electron microscopy and subsequently tested on the electron microscope grid for immunoreactivity of gamma aminobutyric acid (gaba) ...	1992	1383282
musculotopic organization of the hypoglossal nucleus in the cynomolgus monkey, macaca fascicularis.	the movements of the tongue in feeding and vocalization are enabled by a complex system of interdigitated muscle fibers in the tongue body. because of this complexity, the detailed anatomical connections between individual intrinsic tongue muscles and corresponding motoneurons in the hypoglossal nucleus have not been described for any mammal. in this study we describe the distribution of retrogradely labeled neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus, following injections of wheat-germ agglutinin-horser ...	1992	1383289
a role for elam-1 in the pathogenesis of mof during septic shock.	as a model for septic shock, lps was infused into anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys. hematologic and metabolic parameters proved the induced shock response. the data presented show that administration of lps to cynomolgus monkeys induced a generalized inflammatory status, which was characterized by systemic release of the cytokines tnf and il-6. further it was demonstrated, using immune-histological methods, that a generalized expression in vivo of the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (elam ...	1992	1383611
fk506-induced impairment of glucose metabolism in the primate--studies in pancreatic transplant recipients and in nontransplanted animals.	the effect of fk506 on glucose metabolism was studied in five cynomolgus monkeys after pancreatic transplantation and in 10 nontransplanted cynomolgus monkeys. we have clearly demonstrated that fk506 can induce hyperglycemia in these animals. in the orally treated nontransplanted animals the hyperglycemia was usually very mild (4.5-6.0 mmol/l). in one of the five transplanted animals, hyperglycemia was induced by the fk506 treatment, since histological signs of rejection were absent and since pl ...	1992	1384189
identification of an abundant monkey epididymal transcript encoding a homologue of human campath-1 antigen precursor.	a number of cdna clones encoding a small (0.5-0.6 kb) transcript have been isolated from a monkey (macaca fascicularis) epididymal cdna library. dna sequence analysis indicates that this abundant epididymal transcript is homologous to the human campath-1 (cdw52) antigen precursor, a gpi-anchored membrane glycoprotein previously described on lymphocytes and monocytes.	1992	1384718
therapeutic effects of arotinolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, on tremor in mptp-induced parkinsonian monkeys.	the effect of arotinolol, a peripherally acting beta-adrenergic-blocking agent, on postural or kinetic tremor was studied in monkeys with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced parkinsonism. male cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were treated with three injections of mptp hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) at an interval of 3-4 days, followed by several injections of the same dose every 7 days. four monkeys with persistent parkinsonian symptoms manifested for greater tha ...	1992	1384970
potentiation of brain natriuretic peptides by sq 28,603, an inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase 3.4.24.11, in monkeys and rats.	the depressor, natriuretic and cyclic gmp responses to several species of brain natriuretic peptide (bnp) were compared to atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) 99-126 in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) and in conscious cynomolgus monkeys treated with vehicle or the selective neutral endopeptidase (nep 3.4.24.11) inhibitor n-[2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl]-beta- alanine (sq 28,603). in the conscious shr, the natriuretic and cyclic gmp responses to 3 nmol/kg i.v. rat bnp-32 g ...	1992	1385630
genetic evidence for an androgen-regulated epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase whose transcript does not contain a selenocysteine codon.	epididymal glutathione peroxidase (gpx) has been suggested as a major factor in combating loss of fertility of spermatozoa due to lipid peroxidation. we report here the isolation and sequence of putative gpx cdnas from rat (rattus rattus) and cynomolgus-monkey (macaca fascicularis) epididymis, which exhibit marked sequence identity with known gpxs. in both species the cdnas encode predicted preproteins containing 221 amino acid residues. unlike other characterized gpx sequences, epididymal gpx m ...	1992	1386734
antihypertensive treatment and regression of atherosclerosis.	reduction of high blood pressure has an effect on coronary mortality and morbidity lower than expected. one of the possible explanations is the different anti-atherogenic capacity of anti-hypertensive drugs. reduction of high blood pressure has, by itself, an anti-atherogenic effect, but, for some anti-hypertensive drugs, there is experimental and clinical evidence of anti-atherogenic properties. for calcium antagonists experimental data have been published reporting reduction of aortic lipidic ...	1992	1389300
spontaneous hypercholesterolemia in cynomolgus monkeys: evidence for defective low-density lipoprotein catabolism.	spontaneously hypercholesterolemic (sh) cynomolgus monkeys were identified that have average plasma cholesterol of 202 mg/dl, while that in normal monkeys is 119 mg/dl. the ldl from these sh monkeys have lower affinity for fibroblast ldl receptors in vitro. the amount of ldl2 (1.030 mean value of d 1.063 g/ml) required to displace 50% of [125i]ldl was 3.8 micrograms/ml for normal ldl2 and 6.6 micrograms/ml for sh-ldl2. the binding affinity of ldl1 (1.019 mean value of d 1.030 g/ml) was the same ...	1992	1390875
species differences in urinary butadiene metabolites; identification of 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(n-acetylcysteinyl)butane, a novel metabolite of butadiene.	1,3-butadiene (bd) is used in the manufacture of styrene-bd and polybutadiene rubber. differences seen in chronic toxicity studies in the susceptibility of b6c3f1 mice and sprague-dawley rats to bd raise the question of how to use the rodent toxicology data to predict the health risk of bd in humans. the purpose of this study was to determine if there are species differences in the metabolism of bd to urinary metabolites that might help to explain the differences in the toxicity of bd. the major ...	1992	1394848
heterogeneity of alveolar macrophages in experimental silicosis.	the alveolar macrophage (am) population has been shown to be heterogeneous in composition as well as in function. the aim of our study was to assess morphological and functional features of am in an experimental model of quartz-induced lung fibrosis by flow cytometric methods. twelve cynomolgus monkeys were exposed 8 hr/day, 5 days/week for 26 months to either normal atmosphere (n = 5) or 5 mg/m3 dq12 less than 5 microns quartz dust (n = 7). after 20 months of exposure, we studied am phagocytosi ...	1992	1396469
quantitative plasma disposition of retinol and retinyl esters after high-dose oral vitamin a administration in the cynomolgus monkey.	a solid-phase extraction technique followed by automated high-performance liquid chromatography sample elution was successfully used to evaluate the effect of three pharmaceutical parameters on the plasma profile of various forms of vitamin a after an oral dose to cynomolgus monkeys. the three parameters evaluated were the chemical form of vitamin a (retinol versus retinyl acetate), the vehicle (acetone/tween 20/water versus acetone/soybean oil), and the retinol dose (2, 10, and 50 x 10(3) retin ...	1992	1397791
noninvasive measurement of blood pressure in conscious cynomolgus monkeys.	systolic (sp), diastolic (dp), and mean arterial blood pressures (map) and pulse rate (pr) were recorded on treated and untreated conscious cynomolgus monkeys by the oscillometric method (dinamap 1846sx/p). each monkey was placed in a restraining tube with the cuff placed on the base on the shaved tail. measurements were taken on untreated animals once or twice a day for 4 weeks. the mean and standard deviations for sp, dp, map, and pr were approximately 121 +/- 17, 60 +/- 14, and 84 +/- 17 mm h ...	1992	1397804
effect of subchronic bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (tbto) oral administration on haematological parameters in monkeys: a preliminary report.	a preliminary study was conducted on adult male crab-eating monkeys (macaca fascicularis) orally exposed to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (tbto) at doses of 0 and 160 micrograms/kg/day, 6 days/wk, for 22 wk. no treatment-related signs of toxicity or changes in body weight gain were detected during the course of the study. the haematological analyses performed every 2 wk indicated a decrease in total leucocyte count in the treated animals with significant values in wk 8, 10 and 22 of treatment. no dif ...	1992	1398353
protection in simian immunodeficiency virus-vaccinated monkeys correlates with anti-hla class i antibody response.	our earlier reports demonstrated that cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either inactivated partially purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), fixed siv-infected c8166 (a human t lymphoblastoid cell line) cells, or fixed uninfected c8166 cells can be protected against a challenge infection with the 32h isolate of sivmac 251 (grown in c8166) (stott, e. j., w. l. chan, k. h. g. mills, m. page, f. taffs, m. cranage, p. greenway, and p. kitchin. 1990. lancet. 336:1538; stott, e. j., p. a. kitc ...	1992	1402662
is vasospasm related to proliferative arteriopathy?	although proliferative arteriopathy has been postulated to play a role in the etiology of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah), histological and morphological studies examining cerebral vasospasm have produced conflicting results. to help settle this controversy, the authors used an in vivo label of cell division, bromodeoxycytidine, to assess cell proliferation in a primate model of sah. fifteen cynomolgus monkeys received a clot of either whole blood (11 animals) or red blood cells (f ...	1992	1403117
the correlation between anterior-posterior translation and cross-sectional area of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.	total anterior-posterior translation is commonly used to assess the integrity of the cruciate ligaments and the success of reconstructive surgery. the purpose of this study was to determine, after surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a biological graft, if total anterior-posterior translation correlated with graft length, cross-sectional area, or mechanical properties. these factors were investigated by analyzing data from three previous studies. these studies involved ...	1992	1403302
renin inhibitors containing new p1-p1' dipeptide mimetics with heterocycles in p1'.	a series of renin inhibitors containing new p1-p1' dipeptide mimetics are presented. the p1-p1' mimetics were obtained from (4s,5s)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(cyclohexylmethyl)-5-[(omega- mesyloxy)alkyl]-2,2-dimethyloxazolidines 5b, 9, and 11b by nucleophilic substitution of the mesylate groups with the sodium salts of mercapto- and hydroxyheterocycles. removal of the protecting groups and stepwise acylations with amino acid derivatives provided renin inhibitors with a length of a tripeptide. re ...	1992	1404233
quantification and excretion profiles of pteridines in primate urine.	biopterin, 6-hydroxymethyl-pterin, isoxanthopterin, neopterin and, pterin were quantified in stress-free collected spontaneous morning urine samples from callithrix jacchus, saguinus fuscicollis, saguinus labiatus, saimiri sciureus, presbytis entellus, cercopithecus albogularis, cercocebus torquatus, macaca fascicularis, hylobates concolor, pongo pygmaeus, and gorilla gorilla. in most species, biopterin was the most frequent urinary pteridine followed by neopterin. sex differences in biopterin a ...	1992	1404333
drug-induced hepatic microgranulomatosis in cynomolgus monkeys.	this report discusses a unique drug-induced hepatotoxicity in cynomolgus monkeys treated orally with a novel potassium sparing experimental diuretic, [2,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid]. groups of 6 adult male and female monkeys were treated orally with vehicle diluent, modified vehicle #122 or a suspension of the drug at 5.0, 12.5, or 32.0 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. another group of 5 monkeys were treated orally with 25.0 mg/kg/day of the drug for 2 weeks. disposition of the drugs w ...	1992	1411133
effects of ischemia duration on neurological outcome, ca1 histopathology, and nonmatching to sample learning in monkeys.	male cynomolgus monkeys (n = 10) were subjected to varying durations of global cerebral ischemia to determine the relation between dose (ischemic duration) and response (outcome).	1992	1412584
pharmacokinetics and efficacy of structurally related spirohydantoin and spirosuccinimide aldose reductase inhibitors.	1. six potent aldose reductase inhibitors (ari), three spirohydantoin (i to iii) and three spirosuccinimide (iv to vi) compounds, showed similar ic50 activities in vitro for the inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase, but their ed50 values in diabetic rats varied as much as 20-fold in the lens and 50-fold in the sciatic nerve tissue. pharmacokinetic studies were undertaken to investigate these findings. structure-pharmacokinetic relationships were studied following i.v. administration to cynomo ...	1992	1413869
a mammalian epididymal protein with remarkable sequence similarity to snake venom haemorrhagic peptides.	following spermatogenesis in the testis, mammalian spermatozoa pass into the epididymis, where they undergo changes which confer on them forward motility and the ability to recognize and penetrate the egg. many of these maturation events involve androgen-regulated epididymal proteins which become associated with the sperm membrane, and/or effect changes to integral sperm membrane proteins. here we report the sequence of an 89 kda androgen-regulated protein from rat (rattus norvegicus) and monkey ...	1992	1417724
activation of leukocytes with complement c5a is associated with prostanoid-dependent constriction of large arteries in atherosclerotic monkeys in vivo.	activated leukocytes release a variety of substances which have been shown in vitro to modulate vascular tone. the chemotactic peptide complement c5a is a physiological activator of leukocytes. we injected human recombinant complement c5a (10 and 100 micrograms) into the blood-perfused hind limb of normal and atherosclerotic cynomolgus monkeys and examined vascular responses. in both normal and atherosclerotic monkeys, the high dose of c5a produced about 65% decrease in leukocyte cell count in v ...	1992	1418094
experimental atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation of the cynomolgus monkey. localization, compensatory enlargement, and the sparing effect of lowered heart rate.	we have characterized plaque localization, the extent of compensatory artery enlargement, and the effect of heart rate in experimental atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation of the cynomolgus monkey. we altered heart rate by sino-atrial node ablation (sna) and then fed the animals an atherogenic diet for 6 months. heart rate was measured at four time points by 24-hour telemetry. of nine animals with sna, heart rate was reduced significantly in six (from 148 +/- 11 to 103 +/- 20 beats/min, p ...	1992	1420083
effect of interleukin-1 alpha on lipoprotein lipids in cynomolgus monkeys: comparison to tumor necrosis factor.	acute inflammation is associated with changes in lipoprotein metabolism. cytokines are thought to mediate the metabolic effects of the inflammatory process. this study was undertaken to compare the effects of interleukin-1 alpha (il-1 alpha) to tumor necrosis factor (tnf) on lipoprotein metabolism in non-human primates. recombinant human il-1 alpha (100 micrograms/kg), tnf alpha (20 micrograms/kg) and lipopolysaccharide (20 micrograms/kg) were injected into cynomolgus monkeys. lipoprotein concen ...	1992	1420289
reversible endothelial changes in the monkey cornea.	as part of a study examining the effects of contact lens extended wear in monkeys (macaca fascicularis), reversible endothelial changes were observed in the cornea with slit lamp biomicroscopy and contact specular microscopy. these changes were associated with anterior eye inflammation in four monkeys (as occurs in humans). however, in two monkeys no obvious cause for these changes other than the presence of a contact lens on the cornea was apparent. in these two monkeys the endothelium displaye ...	1992	1424652
role of luteinizing hormone in the expression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome p450 and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 5-4 isomerase messenger ribonucleic acids in the primate corpus luteum.	it is well established that lh has an obligatory role in the acute production of progesterone by the primate corpus luteum in vivo because interruption of lh support to the corpus luteum at any time during the luteal phase is accompanied by an immediate and sustained fall in serum progesterone concentrations. however, recent studies have demonstrated that maximal steroidogenic capacity of cultured human luteal cells and maximal levels of messenger rnas (mrnas) for cholesterol side chain cleavage ...	1992	1425410
habituation and adaptation of the vestibuloocular reflex: a model of differential control by the vestibulocerebellum.	we habituated the dominant time constant of the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (vor) of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys by repeated testing with steps of velocity about a vertical axis and adapted the gain of the vor by altering visual input with magnifying and reducing lenses. after baseline values were established, the nodulus and ventral uvula of the vestibulocerebellum were ablated in two monkeys, and the effects of nodulouvulectomy and flocculectomy on vor gain adaptation and habituation w ...	1992	1426111
guided tissue regeneration in interproximal defects in the monkey.	the potential for guided tissue regeneration was evaluated in one-walled interproximal sites in macaca fascicularis. histologic differences were evaluated at 1 and 3 months. within the experimental (barrier) group, 100% of the root surfaces with potential for regeneration were covered with new cementum, whereas the control specimens had 20% or less new cementum. the amount of regeneration was determined by the position of the barrier membrane; the more coronal the barrier, the greater the regene ...	1992	1428607
subconjunctival sustained release 5-fluorouracil.	the authors have developed a sustained release device for 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) made up of a 12 mg pellet of drug coated in a mixture of permeable and impermeable polymers. when implanted subconjunctivally in rabbits, these devices released 5-fu at approximately 1 mg/d for over 10 days. devices were implanted into four cynomolgus monkey eyes after posterior lip sclerotomy. one eye (treatment) received a device that contained 12 mg 5-fu and the other eye (control) received a placebo device that c ...	1992	1428716
localization of renin gene expression to monkey ovarian theca cells by in situ hybridization.	to investigate the sites of renin gene expression and localization of renin in primate ovaries, five cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and one rhesus (macaca mulatta) monkey were treated with gonadotropins to induce multiple follicle development. one ovary was removed before hcg injection (1200 iu) from three monkeys and one ovary was removed 36 h after hcg administration from three monkeys. in three monkeys, the remaining ovary was removed 3, 5, and 7 days after injection of hcg. to detect and l ...	1992	1430100
evaluation of protective efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against simian immunodeficiency virus infection of macaques.	simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) was used as a model to study the protective efficacy of an immunization regimen currently being evaluated as candidate vaccines against hiv in human subjects. four macaca fascicularis were first immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of sivmne and then boosted with subunit gp160. both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against siv, including neutralizing antibodies, were elicited. the macaques were shown to ...	1992	1433262
protection against siv infection in macaques by immunization with inactivated virus from the bk28 molecular clone, but not with bk28-derived recombinant env and gag proteins.	vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with beta-propiolactone inactivated sivmacbk28 in freund's adjuvant induced low but detectable levels of anti-siv envelope (env) antibodies and t-cell responses and protected against challenge with the 32h isolate of sivmac251 grown in c8166 cells. in contrast, purified recombinant siv env and gag proteins derived from bk28 formulated in syntex adjuvant generated consistent and long-lived cellular and humoral immune responses to siv env, but failed to protect a ...	1992	1433267
vaccination of pregnant cynomolgus monkeys with whole formalin-inactivated sivmac251.	five pregnant (two to three and one-half months) macaca fascicularis seroconverted following immunization with sucrose-gradient purified and formalin-inactivated whole simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251). no untoward effects on fetal maturation were observed during the immunization of the mothers. antibodies to sivmac251 (also those with in vitro neutralizing activity) were passively transferred to the offspring but disappeared within two to six months after birth. antibodies to env glycop ...	1992	1433272
effects of dietary linseed oil and marine oil on lipid peroxidation in monkey liver in vivo and in vitro.	diets rich in linoleic acid (co) from corn oil, or in linoleic acid and either alpha-linolenic acid (lo) based on linseed oil or n-3 fatty acids (mo) from menhaden oil were fed to male and female cynomolgus monkeys for 15 wk. in the liver a 40% reduction of alpha-tocopherol occurred in the mo group relative to the co and lo groups followed by increased formation of lipofuscin in vivo. a four-fold increase of alpha-tocopherol in the mo diet (mo + e) brought the level in the liver to that found wi ...	1992	1435093
effects of intralipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia on plasma high-density lipoprotein metabolism in the cynomolgus monkey.	low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (hdl) and apolipoprotein (apo) a-i often accompany human hypertriglyceridemia. in an animal model of hypertriglyceridemia, the lipoprotein lipase (lpl)-inhibited cynomolgus monkey, we reported that plasma levels of apo a-i were decreased and the fractional catabolic rate (fcr) of hdl apo was increased. to explore whether hypertriglyceridemia alone would alter plasma apo a-i levels and catabolism, hypertriglyceridemia was produced by intravenous (iv) ...	1992	1435288
changes in optic disk characteristics and number of nerve fibers in experimental glaucoma.	we compared the change in cup/disk ratio and neuroretinal rim area-to-disk area to estimated change in the number of optic nerve fibers in 12 cynomolgus monkeys with unilateral experimental glaucoma. changes in the cup/disk ratios and neuroretinal rim area-to-disk area were estimated from stereoscopic optic disk photographs that were obtained before and after the development of increased intraocular pressure. change in the number of optic nerve fibers in the glaucomatous nerves was estimated by ...	1992	1443015
the effect of aerosolized recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor on lung leukocytes in nonhuman primates.	the number and function of myeloid cells in the lungs are critical determinants of health and disease. to examine whether these cells can be modulated in vivo by a colony-stimulating factor (csf), recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-csf (gm-csf) was given to cynomolgus monkeys by either continuous intravenous infusion (7,200 u/kg/day) for 2 wk or by aerosol exposure to 10(7) u on 1 or 2 consecutive days. at intervals after the initiation of gm-csf administration, animals underwent bronchoal ...	1992	1443885
manganese induced brain lesions in macaca fascicularis as revealed by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.	a series of positron emission tomography scans was made on two monkeys during a 16-month period when they received manganese(iv)oxide by subcutaneous injection. the distribution of [11c]-nomifensine uptake, indicating dopamine terminals, was followed in both monkey brains. the brain distributions of [11c]-raclopride, demonstrating d2 dopamine receptors, and [11c]-l-dopa, as a marker of dopamine turnover, were followed in one monkey each. the monkeys developed signs of poisoning namely unsteady g ...	1992	1444804
disposition of a new diacid angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor after intravenous administration of drug or prodrug to monkeys and dogs.	the disposition of [4s-[4 alpha,7 alpha,(r*),12b beta]]-7- [s-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-octahydro-6- oxo- pyrido[2,1-a][2]benzazepine-4-carboxylic acid (mdl 27,088), a new a new angiotensin-covering enzyme inhibitor, was studied in cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs given intravenous (iv) doses of mdl 27,088 or its prodrug, mdl 27,210. although in both species iv-administered mdl 27,210 was extensively (> 99.9%) metabolized and excreted in the urine and feces as mdl 27,0 ...	1992	1447706
the peripheral nerve allograft in the primate immunosuppressed with cyclosporin a: i. histologic and electrophysiologic assessment.	nerve regeneration across peripheral nerve allografts and control autografts in primates immunosuppressed with cyclosporin a was quantitatively evaluated by electrophysiologic and histologic methods. twelve cynomolgus monkeys received 3-cm autografts and allografts in contralateral ulnar nerves. they were immunosuppressed with cyclosporin a at 25 mg/kg per day or placebo vehicle. morphometric analysis of nerve graft and distal nerve segments was assessed at 1 year after engraftment. quantitative ...	1992	1448498
the peripheral nerve allograft in the primate immunosuppressed with cyclosporin a: ii. functional evaluation of reinnervated muscle.	isometric contractile function was evaluated in primates receiving peripheral nerve allografts and autografts. twelve adult male cynomolgus monkeys received both sural nerve allografts and autografts to the ulnar nerve in opposite forearms. half the animals received cyclosporin a (csa) immunosuppression (25 mg/kg per day); the remaining animals received placebo. one year following nerve engraftment, isometric contractile muscle function was evaluated in reinnervated abductor digiti quinti and in ...	1992	1448499
astrocytoma in a cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis).		1992	1448910
molecular cloning and sequencing of the mexico isolate of hepatitis e virus (hev).	hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major causative agent of hepatitis e or what was formerly known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the disease has a worldwide distribution but occurs principally in developing countries in any of three forms: large epidemics, smaller outbreaks, or sporadic infections. genetic variation of different hev strains was previously noted and it will be important to determine the extent to which this variation may pose problems in the diagnosis and treatme ...	1992	1448913
the genetic evolution of the envelope gene of simian immunodeficiency virus in cynomolgus macaques infected with a complex virus pool.	two cynomolgus macaques were infected with a complex, but characterized, challenge stock of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac251 32h). the polymerase chain reaction was applied in a temporal sequence analysis to determine the sequences of the gp120 region of the siv env gene, which were present in the blood of both macaques at 1, 6, and 15 months postinfection (p.i.). at 1 month p.i. selected sequences, which had been present in the original virus challenge stock, were reisolated. at later t ...	1992	1448933
differential analysis of animal bone marrow by flow cytometry.	a simple procedure was developed for rapid analysis of animal bone marrow by flow cytometry using the lipophilic cationic dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [dioc6(3)]. the batch process allows differentiation of bone marrow cells into lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid populations and enables classification of erythroid and myeloid cells into proliferating and maturing subpopulations. from these data, myeloid:erythroid (m:e) ratios and maturation indices for erythroid and myeloid cells (emi a ...	1992	1451595
spontaneous lesions in cynomolgus monkeys used in toxicity studies.	spontaneous lesions in wild-caught, laboratory-maintained cynomolgus monkeys used in drug-toxicity studies were examined histopathologically in an effort to better distinguish toxic changes from spontaneous lesions and assess the toxicity of drugs more exactly. in the liver and kidney, where toxic changes are observed frequently, many spontaneous lesions were observed. infiltration of mononuclear cells, vacuolization of the hepatocytes, dilatation of the renal tubules, and vacuolization of the r ...	1992	1451755
[hematological and serum biochemical effects of nursing on the mother in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis)].	the effects of nursing on maternal hematological and serum biochemical values were analyzed in cynomolgus monkeys reared in indoor cages at tsukuba primate center. in our breeding system, infants are usually separated from their mothers at the age of 121 to 180 days. mother monkeys of such infants were studied hematologically and biochemically (group b), as were mother monkeys who happened to have nursed their infants past 181 days after parturition (group a). during the period with their infant ...	1992	1451759
frequency of antigen-specific b cells during experimental ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection.	chlamydia-specific antibody-secreting cells have been identified in conjunctiva and draining cervical lymph nodes by an elispot assay in a cynomolgus monkey model of trachoma. these local sites contained numbers of chlamydia-specific b cells that were higher than those in distant inguinal lymph nodes and peripheral blood. the numbers of chlamydia-specific immunoglobulin g-secreting b cells observed were 5 to 57 per 10(6) cells in conjunctiva and 24 to 996 per 10(6) cells in cervical lymph nodes ...	1992	1452363
pulmonary reactivity to vanadium pentoxide following subchronic inhalation exposure in a non-human primate animal model.	an experimental study was conducted to evaluate changes in pulmonary reactivity resulting from repeated vanadium pentoxide (v2o5) dust inhalation. the study assessed pulmonary reactivity to v2o5 through the use of provocation challenges, and compared v2o5 reactivity before and after subchronic v2o5 exposure. a total of 24 adult, male cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were exposed by inhalation for 6 h per day, 5 days per week, for 26 weeks. two v2o5-exposed groups (n = 8 each) received eq ...	1992	1452976
the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) agonist-induced initial rise of bioactive lh and testosterone can be blunted in a dose-dependent manner by gnrh antagonist in the non-human primate.	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) agonists induce a clinically undesirable, transitory but very pronounced initial rise of gonadotropin and gonadal steroid secretion. we investigated, in a non-human primate model, whether the initial stimulatory effects of gnrh agonists can be avoided by a short period of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment with a gnrh antagonist. three groups of five adult male cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) received a single s.c. biodegradable implant loaded ...	1992	1455564
disposition of the enantiomers of cromakalim in rat and cynomolgus monkey.	1. disposition of the 3r,4s(+) and 3s,4r(-) enantiomers of the racemic antihypertensive drug cromakalim has been studied in rats and cynomolgus monkeys using the 14c-drug labelled in either the 3r,4s(+) or the 3s,4r(-) enantiomer. 2. after oral administration to rat, blood concentrations of the 3r,4s(+) enantiomer were up to fourfold higher than those of the 3s,4r(-) enantiomer. metabolism of the former was not as extensive as that of the latter and consequently plasma and urinary radiometabolit ...	1992	1455901
infection of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with a rapidly fatal siv (sivsmm/pbj) isolate from sooty mangabeys.	a variant of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsmm/pbj), isolated from a chronically infected pig-tailed macaque has been shown in previous studies to produce acutely fatal disease uniformly in pig-tailed macaques and in some rhesus macaques. the present study extends investigation of sivsmm/pbj pathogenesis in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were found to be uniformly susceptible to infection, but as previously reported, the rhesus were found to not be uniform in t ...	1992	1457209
interval required for gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist-induced down regulation of the pituitary in cynomolgus monkeys and duration of the refractory state.	to determine the minimal interval of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (gnrh-a) administration required to induce pituitary refractoriness to the positive feedback effects of estradiol (e2) and to determine the duration of the induced refractory state in a nonhuman primate model.	1992	1459273
[cerebral vasospasm. experimental study].	we have studied chronic vasospasm (v.s.) on a primate model (cynomolgus monkey). the conclusion of several studies are: v.s. is related to the presence of adherent clots along cerebral arteries and when severe may lead to cerebral infarction. clots removal within 48 h. following subarachnoid hemorrhage reduces v.s. intensity. free radicals and iron dependent lipidic peroxidation have been involved in cerebral ischemia development. a new aminosteroid (u 74006 f) can act as a free radical phagocyt ...	1992	1461328
mitochondrial factors involved in parkinson's disease by mptp toxicity in macaca fascicularis and drug effect.	the maximal rates (vmax) of some mitochondrial enzyme activities related to energy transduction (citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, nadh-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase) and amino acid metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate- and glutamate-oxaloacetate- transaminases) were evaluated in non-synaptic ("free") and intrasynaptic "light" and "heavy" mitochondria from hippocampus of macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey). the different mitochon ...	1992	1461362
embryotoxicity studies of norfloxacin in cynomolgus monkeys. ii. role of progesterone.	norfloxacin, an orally active fluoroquinolone antimicrobial, has been reported to be embryolethal but not teratogenic when administered to pregnant cynomolgus macaques prior to gestational day (gd) 36 at doses > or = 200 mg/kg/day. additional studies have been performed in an effort to examine the mechanism responsible for this effect, particularly regarding the role of progesterone (p). the first study (study i) investigated the effect of norfloxacin administration during early pregnancy (200 m ...	1992	1462247
[non-atherosclerotic aorta in cynomolgus after a hypercholesterolemic regimen].	the authors present a study on atherosclerotic and non atherosclerotic lesions of aortas of cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) on high fat diet (hfd) (6-12-24 months), after regression and after resumption. at 6 months 2 aortic responses are seen: an edema, deep and superficial clumps of foam cells, few synthetic smooth muscle cells (ssmc) few collagenic fibers--an edema, few superficial foam cells, many ssmc, secreting collagen and elastin. at 12-24 months, after regression and resumption, two ao ...	1992	1464029
distribution of nicotinic receptors in cynomolgus monkey brain and ganglia: localization of alpha 3 subunit mrna, alpha-bungarotoxin and nicotine binding sites.	the distribution of nicotinic receptors in the brain and ganglia of the cynomolgus monkey was studied by in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. a 35s-labeled antisense riboprobe for the mrna of the alpha 3 subunit of the human nicotinic receptor, [3h]l-nicotine and [125]alpha-bungarotoxin were used as markers. the highest levels of alpha 3-mrna were observed in the hippocampus, the medial habenula, the lateral geniculate, the granular layer of the cerebellum, as well as in the pinea ...	1992	1465189
diet-induced atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkey aorta and regression by the sixth-month observation.	pathomorphologic analysis was employed to evaluate diet-induced atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkey aorta and regression by administration of a hypolipidemic agent for six months after the atherogenic ration. twenty-seven male cynomolgus monkeys were divided into three groups. group a was fed individually with a high-fat diet containing 0.3% cholesterol under identical conditions for six months. group b was fed with normal monkey chow for six months after the same atherogenic ration. group c wa ...	1992	1466482
virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocytes in hiv-2-infected cynomolgus macaques.	specific cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctl) are induced in humans or monkeys after infection with hiv-1 or sivmac, respectively. since, like hiv-1, hiv-2 causes aids, our objective was to determine the characteristics of the hiv-2-specific ctl response.	1992	1466839
prevention of hiv-2 and sivsm infection in cynomolgus monkeys by active or passive immunization.	we have established experimental infection with hiv-2 and sivsm in cynomolgus monkeys and successfully used these models for vaccine experiments. protection against homologous hiv-2 infection was demonstrated in two of two monkeys immunized with a triton-x100-treated whole hiv-2sbl-6669 vaccine in incomplete freund's adjuvant and in 2 of 4 monkeys immunized with a formalin-inactivated whole hiv-2 vaccine in ribi adjuvant. monkeys preinfected with a live poorly replicating hiv-2 strain were shown ...	1992	1466992
preclinical evaluation of recombinant human interleukin-4.	recombinant human il-4 (rhuil-4) is primate-specific and produces multiple biologic effects on lymphoid cells involved in protection against cancer. rhuil-4 was evaluated in the cynomolgus monkey to support clinical studies for the immunotherapy of cancer. administration of rhuil-4 to monkeys by sc injection of 0, 0.5, 2.5 or 12.5 micrograms/kg bid for one-month (with two-week recovery) resulted in alterations in clinical chemistry and hematology (cch) parameters consistent with a consumptive co ...	1992	1471185
utilization of homologous proteins to evaluate the safety of recombinant human proteins--case study: recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhifn-gamma).	interferon-gamma is an immunomodulatory cytokine that has an extremely restricted host range of activities. rhifn-gamma was one of the first species-specific recombinant proteins to be assessed in conventional safety models typically utilized for xenobiotics. acute, subchronic and segment i and ii reproductive studies in rats revealed no evidence of toxicity at any of the doses tested; these results were not predictive of clinical toxicity, which is not unexpected since rodents are known to be p ...	1992	1471187
experience with the preclinical assessment of basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf).	repeated intravenous administrations were carried out in cynomolgus monkeys and rats (s.d.) for a maximum of 4 weeks at doses of 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/kg/day in stable formulation. three main target organs were identified: red blood cells (rbc), kidney glomeruli (kg) and bone at the top dose level. rbc: normochromic normocytic anaemia started in rats and monkeys during the second week of treatment (decrease in red blood cell production). the kinetics of this anaemia, as well as its recovery, ...	1992	1471188
short-term memory for the temporal order of events in monkeys.	two monkeys (macaca fascicularis) demonstrated short-term memory for the recency of unpredictable visual events in a probe recognition task. on each trial, from two to five 3-dimensional objects were randomly selected from a pool of 200 and presented sequentially. in the test probe that followed, the subjects saw two objects from the preceding list and chose the one that had appeared earlier. overall accuracy was 73% correct. like human judgments of recency, accuracy varied inversely with the la ...	1992	1472291
absorption, distribution and elimination of selenium as l-selenomethionine in non-human primates.	20 adult female macaques (macaca fascicularis) were given oral doses of l-selenomethionine (l-semet) equivalent to 0, 25, 150, 300 and 600 micrograms selenium (se)/kg body weight, and plasma, erythrocyte, hair, faecal and urine se concentrations were determined. the macaques were scheduled for 30 daily oral doses of l-semet, but systemic toxicity necessitated dose reduction in several animals; two macaques given 600 micrograms se/kg body weight/day for 10-15 days died, and the concentration of s ...	1992	1473783
effect of lead during different developmental periods in the monkey on concurrent discrimination performance.	a total of 52 monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were dosed orally with vehicle or 1.5 mg/kg/day of lead according to one of four dosing regimens (13 monkeys/group): group 1, vehicle only; group 2, dosed with lead continuously from birth; group 3, dosed with lead from birth to 400 days of age and vehicle thereafter; group 4, dosed with vehicle from birth to 300 days of age and lead thereafter. blood lead concentrations averaged 3-6 micrograms/dl when monkeys were not dosed with lead, 32-36 micrograms ...	1992	1475062
fine structure of the dorsal lingual epithelium of the crab-eating monkey, macaca irus.	light and electron microscopic observations of the dorsal lingual epithelium of the crab-eating monkey, macaca irus, revealed three different regions: the epithelium on the anterior side of the filiform papillae, the epithelium on the posterior side of the filiform papillae, and the interpapillar epithelium. whereas the basal and suprabasal cells are similar throughout, differences characterize the intermediate and surface layers. keratohyalin granules appear predominantly in the intermediate la ...	1992	1476252
molecular analysis of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of recombinant zona pellucida antigens in a primate model.	the studies reported here are the first to demonstrate that recombinant zona pellucida (zp) proteins will elicit a humoral immune response that recognizes native zp proteins. three cdnas encoding rabbit zp protein antigens expressed in bacteria were used to immunize cynomolgus monkeys. four groups of six monkeys each were immunized with bacterially expressed cro-beta-galactosidase recombinant proteins encoded by a full-length cdna (rc55) encoding the 55-kda rabbit zp recombinant protein (rec55), ...	1992	1477211
filovirus contamination of cell cultures.	the filoviruses marburg and ebola comprise a newly recognized family of viruses. the first filovirus to be isolated was marburg virus in 1967. this virus was imported in shipments of african green monkeys from uganda and infected several cell-culture technicians, with serious illness resulting. the rarity of marburg and ebola virus transmission, decreasing use of imported african monkeys, and quarantine efforts have presumably been responsible for the lack of additional episodes until 1989, when ...	1992	1478345
recurrent colonic dilatation in a cynomolgus macaque: similarity to idiopathic colonic pseudo-obstruction in humans.		1992	1479819
mobile surrogate mothers and the development of exploratory behavior and radius of action in infant long-tailed macaques (macaca fascicularis).	one of the effects of rearing young monkeys on surrogate mothers is a delay in the development of exploratory behavior. an important question is which difference between mother and surrogate mother caused this delay. we hypothesized that the mothers' carrying the infant through the environment promotes the development of exploratory behavior and the radius of action of infant macques. using surrogate mothers, we reared 9 infants in a peer group with immobile surrogates and 10 infants in another ...	1992	1483548
pigment-containing cells in extraocular tissues of the primate.	in the present study pigment-containing (pc) cells, localized in extraocular tissues of man and the cynomolgus monkey, were investigated to establish their localization, nature and relationships with the autonomic nervous system. in the orbit of man as well as the cynomolgus monkey three localizations of pc cells were detected: (1) tenon's capsule along the ciliary arteries at the level of the entrance of the arteries into the eyeball, (2) tenon's capsule along the ciliary nerves at the level of ...	1992	1486810