Publications

selective expansion of marginal zone b cells in emicro-api2-malt1 mice is linked to enhanced ikappab kinase gamma polyubiquitination.	the translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) that generates an api2-malt1 fusion protein is the most common structural abnormality among the genetic defects reported in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt)-type lymphomas, and its presence correlates with the apparent lack of further genetic instability or chromosomal imbalances. hence, constitutive nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) activation induced by the api2-malt1 fusion protein is considered essential for b-cell transformation. to examine its ro ...	2006	16707452
identification of a candidate regulatory element within the 5' flanking region of the mouse igh locus defined by pro-b cell-specific hypersensitivity associated with binding of pu.1, pax5, and e2a.	the igh locus is controlled by cis-acting elements, including emu and the 3' igh regulatory region which flank the c region genes within the well-studied 3' part of the locus. although the presence of additional control elements has been postulated to regulate rearrangements of the vh gene array that extends to the 5' end of the locus, the 5' border of igh and its flanking region have not been characterized. to facilitate the analysis of this unexplored region and to identify potential novel con ...	2006	16709844
cddo-imidazolide inhibits growth and survival of c-myc-induced mouse b cell and plasma cell neoplasms.	gene-targeted imycemu mice that carry a his6-tagged mouse myc(c-myc)cdna, mychis, just 5' of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer, emu, are prone to b cell and plasma cell neoplasms, such as lymphoblastic b-cell lymphoma (lbl) and plasmacytoma (pct). cell lines derived from myc-induced neoplasms of this sort may provide a good model system for the design and testing of new approaches to prevent and treat myc-driven b cell and plasma cell neoplasms in human beings. to test this hypothesis, we ...	2006	16759389
tal1 transgenic expression reveals absence of b lymphocytes.	tal1 oncogene encodes a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, tal1, which is required for blood cell development, and its activation is a frequent event in t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. tal1 interacts and inhibits other helix-loop-helix factors such as e47 and heb. to investigate the function of tal1 in b cells, we generated emu-tal1 transgenic mouse line, expressing tal1 in mouse b-cell lineage. fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) analysis of lymphocytes isolated from spleens of ...	2006	16778172
critical roles of the immunoglobulin intronic enhancers in maintaining the sequential rearrangement of igh and igk loci.	v(d)j recombination of immunoglobulin (ig) heavy (igh) and light chain genes occurs sequentially in the pro- and pre-b cells. to identify cis-elements that dictate this order of rearrangement, we replaced the endogenous matrix attachment region/igk intronic enhancer (mie(kappa)) with its heavy chain counterpart (emu) in mice. this replacement, denoted emur, substantially increases the accessibility of both v(kappa) and j(kappa) loci to v(d)j recombinase in pro-b cells and induces igk rearrangeme ...	2006	16785310
search for high-mass resonances decaying to emu in pp collisions at square root = 1.69 tev.	we describe a general search for resonances decaying to a neutral emu final state in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 tev. using a data sample representing 344 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity recorded by the collider detector at fermilab ii experiment, we compare standard model predictions with the number of observed events for invariant masses between 50 and 800 gev/c2. finding no significant excess (5 events observed vs 7.7 +/- 0.8 expected for m(emu) > 100 gev/c2 ), we set lim ...	2006	16803228
immunohistochemical study of cutaneous nerves in the emu.	the distribution and chemical content of cutaneous nerves in 3- to 13-day-old emu chicks (dromaius novaehollandiae) were examined by using double-labelling immunohistochemistry. seven different subpopulations of cutaneous nerves were identified based on their neurochemistry. no intraepidermal nerve fibres were found. however, axons were located within the dermis and were often associated with blood vessels, pennamotor muscles and feather follicles or innervated herbst corpuscles. both similariti ...	2006	16807724
a study of an alcohol advertisement for low alcohol beer.	a study was undertaken to measure the blood alcohol levels (bals) of five men and five women after they had consumed seven middies of emu 2.2 (2.2% alcohol by volume) beer in 1 hour. this study was conducted in response to a newspaper advertisement which depicted a well-known football player drinking seven middies of emu 2.2 beer over 1 hour and registering a bal of 0.012%. as predicted, the bals of the ten adults varied considerably, but all greatly exceeded the very low result obtained by the ...	1990	16840144
development of endothermic metabolic response in embryos and hatchlings of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae).	during hatching, there is a maturation of the mechanisms controlling the respiratory physiology involved in endotherm in precocial avian species. here we examined the timing of the development of an endothermic response of oxygen uptake (mo2) to an alteration of ambient temperature (t(a)) in a model precocial species, the preterm and hatching emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). late stage pre-pipped and pipped embryos and hatchlings were measured for responses of mo2 and shell or skin temperature (t ...	2007	16843738
self-reported skin cancer protection strategies and location of skin cancer in retired cricketers: a case study from membership of the emu cricket club.	cricket is one of australia's most popular sports with approximately 470,000 registered participants. played as a summer sport, participants can spend long periods in the sun with potential skin damage a possible contributor to skin cancer. three hundred and sixty-eight retired regional representative players received and were invited to complete a comprehensive survey that included questions relating to their individual playing history, injury rate, sun protection strategies and reported locati ...	2006	16846751
fe3o4 nanocrystals with novel fractal.	fe3o4 novel fractal nanocrystals have been synthesized by a surfactant-assisted solvothermal process for the first time. x-ray diffraction (xrd), x-ray photoelectron spectra (xps), mössbauer spectroscopy (ms), scanning electron microscopy (sem), and transmission electron microscopy (tem) have been used to investigate the novel fractal nanocrystals. the lengths of the fractals are about 2-3 microm, and the trunks and branches of fe3o4 fractals have almost the same diameters of ca. 30-50 nm. the r ...	2005	16853363
determinants of sensitivity and resistance to rapamycin-chemotherapy drug combinations in vivo.	the phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase [pi(3)k] pathway is frequently activated in human cancers and represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention. we have previously shown that enforced expression of akt, which is a downstream effector of pi(3)k, could promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance in the emu-myc mouse lymphoma model, and that these tumors were particularly sensitive to inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) with rapamycin when combined with conventional chemot ...	2006	16885364
synthesis and in vitro anti-cancer evaluation of tamoxifen-loaded magnetite/plla composite nanoparticles.	the present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of tamoxifen-loaded magnetite/poly(l-lactic acid) composite nanoparticles (tmcn), and their in vitro anti-cancer activity against mcf-7 breast cancer cells. the composite nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 200 nm, were synthesized via a solvent evaporation/extraction technique in an oil/water emulsion. the superparamagnetic property (saturation magnetization value of approximately 7 emu/g) of the tmcn is provided by ...	2006	16890989
enhancer and promoter activity in the jh to ighm intron of the pekin duck, anas platyrhynchos.	a transcriptional enhancer, emu, was defined in the igh locus of the pekin duck, anas platyrhynchos. regions of dna from the jh to ighm intron were cloned into reporter constructs containing the sv40 promoter and transiently transfected into chicken b and t lymphocytes. a strong transcriptional activity, of several hundred-fold greater than that of a reporter construct with the promoter alone, was localized to a 281bp region that contains 2 e-box motifs, cagctg. this fragment showed enhancer act ...	2007	16930702
regulation of the arf tumor suppressor in emicro-myc transgenic mice: longitudinal study of myc-induced lymphomagenesis.	lymphomagenesis in emu-myc mice is opposed by the arf tumor suppressor, whose inactivation compromises p53 function and accelerates disease. finding nascent emu-myc-induced tumors in which p19arf causes cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis is problematic, since such cells will be eliminated until arf or p53 function is lost. knock-in mice expressing a green fluorescent protein (gfp) in lieu of arf coding sequences allow analysis of arfpromoter regulation uncoupled from p19arf action. prior to frank ly ...	2007	16968893
an implanted spherical head model exposed to electromagnetic fields at a mobile communication frequency.	can cellular phones and personal communication systems base station antennas affect the active or passive implantable medical devices adversely? concerns over the possible harmful effects of nonionizing irradiaton upon implanted medical devices have been present for many years. key issues to address are the questions of whether mobile phones have a detrimental effect on implants, and how the interaction of the handset with the body can be minimized in order to both alleviate public fears and imp ...	2006	17019874
essential role of phospholipase c gamma 2 in early b-cell development and myc-mediated lymphomagenesis.	phospholipase cgamma2 (plcgamma2) is a critical signaling effector of the b-cell receptor (bcr). here we show that plcgamma2 deficiency impedes early b-cell development, resulting in an increase of b220+ cd43+ bp-1+ cd24hi pre-bcr+ large pre-b cells. plcgamma2 deficiency impairs pre-bcr-mediated functions, leading to enhanced interleukin-7 (il-7) signaling and elevated levels of rags in the selected large pre-b cells. consequently, plcgamma2 deficiency renders large pre-b cells susceptible to tr ...	2006	17030619
inhibition of burkitt's lymphoma cells growth in scid mice by a pna specific for a regulatory sequence of the translocated c-myc.	in burkitt's lymphoma (bl) cells due to a t(8;14) chromosomal translocation c-myc is often placed in proximity to the emu enhancer of the ig locus and upregulated. we demonstrated that in bl cells a peptide nucleic acid (pna), complementary to intronic emu sequences (pnaemuwt), specifically blocks the expression of the c-myc oncogene under the emu enhancer control and inhibits bl cell growth in culture. here, we investigated whether pnaemuwt was also able to block tumor growth in scid mice inocu ...	2007	17053816
preparation and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by alginate.	spion with appropriate surface chemistry have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications. in this study, spion stabilized by alginate (spion-alginate) were prepared by a modified coprecipitation method. the structure, size, morphology, magnetic property and relaxivity of the spion-alginate were characterized systematically by means of xrd, tem, esem, afm, dls, squid magnetometer and mri, respectively, and the interaction between alginate and iron oxide (fe(3)o(4)) was char ...	2007	17074454
elementary metabolite units (emu): a novel framework for modeling isotopic distributions.	metabolic flux analysis (mfa) has emerged as a tool of great significance for metabolic engineering and mammalian physiology. an important limitation of mfa, as carried out via stable isotope labeling and gc/ms and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) measurements, is the large number of isotopomer or cumomer equations that need to be solved, especially when multiple isotopic tracers are used for the labeling of the system. this restriction reduces the ability of mfa to fully utilize the power of mu ...	2007	17088092
ink4c is dispensable for tumor suppression in myc-induced b-cell lymphomagenesis.	p18(ink4c) functions as a dedicated inhibitor of cyclin-d-dependent kinases. loss of ink4c predisposes mice to tumor development and, in a dose-dependent manner, complements the tumor-promoting effects of various oncogenes. we have now addressed whether ink4c loss impacts b-cell tumor development in the emu-myc transgenic mouse, a model of human burkitt lymphoma. loss of one or both alleles did not influence the onset of lymphoma in emu-myc transgenics, and did not appreciably affect myc's proli ...	2007	17099725
the cerebral hemispheres of the kiwi and of the emu (apteryx and dromiceius).		1935	17104544
a novel human detoxification system based on nanoscale bioengineering and magnetic separation techniques.	we describe the conceptual approach, theoretical background and preliminary experimental data of a proposed platform technology for specific and rapid decorporation of blood-borne toxins from humans. the technology is designed for future emergent in-field or in-hospital detoxification of large numbers of biohazard-exposed victims; for example, after radiological attacks. the proposed systems is based on nanoscale technology employing biocompatible, superparamagnetic nanospheres, which are functi ...	2007	17123743
development of high magnetization fe3o4/polystyrene/silica nanospheres via combined miniemulsion/emulsion polymerization.	monodispersed, hydrophilic, superparamagnetic magnetic nanospheres with a high fraction of magnetite were synthesized by combining modified miniemulsion/emulsion polymerization and sol-gel technique for the first time. the surface of the nanospheres was coated by a silica layer with controlled thickness. transmission electron microscopy experimental results showed well-proportioned, equal-sized, magnetite/polystyrene (fe3o4/ps) nanospheres with a thin silica shell. based on the tga data, the fra ...	2006	17147355
[effects of small interfering rna magnetic nanoparticles combination with external magnetic fields on survivin gene expression of bladder cancer cells and apoptosis].	to investigate the effects of the small interfering rna plasmid-dextran magnetic nanoparticles (sirna-dmn) combination with external magnetic fields on silencing survivin gene expression of bladder cancer cells and apoptosis when dmn used as gene carrier to transfer sirna-survivin recombinant plasmid in vivo.	2006	17147885
magnetic structure and magnetic properties of synthetic lindgrenite, cu3(oh)2(moo4)2.	synthetic cu3(oh)2(moo4)2 consists of cu3(oh)2 brucite ribbons of edge-sharing copper octahedra connected by moo4 into a 3d network as in the mineral, lindgrenite, for all temperatures between 1.5 and 300 k. each ribbon consists of a triangular connection between two different types of copper atom (cu(1) and 2 cu(2)) via mu3-oh. the moo4 acts both as one- and three-atom bridges to connect six cu atoms belonging to three adjacent ribbons. the magnetic properties are consistent with those of ferri ...	2006	17173452
modeling the therapeutic efficacy of p53 restoration in tumors.	although restoration of p53 function is an attractive tumor-specific therapeutic strategy, it remains unclear whether p53 loss is required only for transition through early bottlenecks in tumorigenesis or also for maintenance of established tumors. to explore the efficacy of p53 reinstatement as a tumor therapy, we used a reversibly switchable p53 knockin (ki) mouse model that permits modulation of p53 status from wild-type to knockout, at will. using the well-characterized emu-myc lymphoma mode ...	2006	17182091
activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) promotes b cell lymphomagenesis in emu-cmyc transgenic mice.	activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid), which is essential to both class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of the ig gene, is expressed in many types of human b cell lymphoma/leukemia. aid is a potent mutator because it is involved in dna breakage not only of ig but also of other genes, including proto-oncogenes. recent studies suggest that aid is required for chromosomal translocation involving cmyc and ig loci. however, it is unclear whether aid plays other roles in tumorigen ...	2007	17251349
lack of mutagenicity and clastogenicity of pnaemu-nls targeted to a regulatory sequence of the translocated c-myc oncogene in burkitt's lymphoma.	peptide nucleic acids (pnas) are synthetic homolog of nucleic acids in which the phosphate-sugar polynucleotide backbone is replaced by a flexible polyamide. they bind complementary polynucleotide sequences with higher affinity and specificity than their natural counterparts. pnas linked to the appropriate nuclear localization signal (nls) peptide have been used to selectively down-regulate the expression of several genes in viable cells. for example in burkitt's lymphoma (bl) cells the c-myc on ...	2007	17267263
endogenous bcl-2 is not required for the development of emu-myc-induced b-cell lymphoma.	although myc and bcl-2 synergize in tumor development, particularly lymphomagenesis, it is not known whether endogenous bcl-2 is required for myc-induced tumorigenesis. to investigate the role of endogenous bcl-2 in myc-induced lymphomagenesis, we bypassed the early death of bcl-2-deficient mice by reconstituting lethally irradiated wild-type (wt) mice with a hematopoietic system from fetal liver-derived stem cells of emu-myc/bcl-2(-/-) or control emu-myc transgenic embryos. in premalignant (hea ...	2007	17317859
multimodal biomedical imaging with asymmetric single-walled carbon nanotube/iron oxide nanoparticle complexes.	magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and near-infrared (nir) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (swnt) form heterostructured complexes that can be utilized as multimodal bioimaging agents. fe catalyst-grown swnt were individually dispersed in aqueous solution via encapsulation by oligonucleotides with the sequence d(gt)15, and enriched using a 0.5 t magnetic array. the resulting nanotube complexes show distinct nir fluorescence, raman scattering, and visible/nir absorbance features, corresp ...	2007	17335265
phylogenomic investigation of cr1 line diversity in reptiles.	it is unlikely that taxonomically diverse phylogenetic studies will be completed rapidly in the near future for nonmodel organisms on a whole-genome basis. however, one approach to advancing the field of "phylogenomics" is to estimate the structure of poorly known genomes by mining libraries of clones from suites of taxa, rather than from single species. the present analysis adopts this approach by taking advantage of megabase-scale end-sequence scanning of reptilian genomic clones to characteri ...	2006	17345672
molecular cloning and comparison of avian preproghrelin genes.	we report cdna sequences for the preproghrelin gene from goose, duck, and emu. this gene is involved in stimulating the release of growth hormone in mammals and may play a similar role in avian species. the complete coding sequence of avian preproghrelin encodes a 116 amino acid (aa) protein, which is organized into three parts: the n-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide, a 26 aa peptide for mature ghrelin, and a long c-terminal polypeptide. domain/motif structures of preproghrelin protein are hi ...	2007	17347866
synthesis and characterization of highly-magnetic biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres.	the objective of this study was to develop high magnetization, biodegradable/biocompatible polymer-coated magnetic nanospheres for biomedical applications. magnetic spheres were prepared by a modified single oil-in-water emulsion-solvent evaporation method utilizing highly-concentrated hydrophobic magnetite and poly(d,l lactide-co-glycolide) (plga). hydrophobic magnetite prepared using oleic acid exhibited high magnetite concentrations (84 wt.%) and good miscibility with biopolymer solvents to f ...	2007	17350131
bioconjugation of papain on superparamagnetic nanoparticles decorated with carboxymethylated chitosan.	functionalized fe3o4 nanoparticles decorated with carboxymethylated chitosan were developed and used as a novel magnetic support for the covalent conjugation of papain, one of the most important industrial proteases. the analyses of transmission electron micrographs (tem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) showed that the size and structure of functionalized fe3o4 nanoparticles had no significant changes after conjugation with papain. magnetic measurement revealed that the resultant papain-conjugated n ...	2007	17385911
bright/arid3a contributes to chromatin accessibility of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer.	bright/arid3a is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor that stimulates immunoglobulin heavy chain (igh) expression and cyclin e1/e2f-dependent cell cycle progression. bright positively activates igh transcriptional initiation by binding to atc-rich p sites within nuclear matrix attachment regions (mars) flanking the igh intronic enhancer (emu). over-expression of bright in cultured b cells was shown to correlate with dnase hypersensitivity of emu. we report here further efforts to ana ...	2007	17386101
osteology and myology of the wing of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae), and its bearing on the evolution of vestigial structures.	emus have reduced their wing skeleton to only a single functional digit, but the myological changes associated with this reduction have never been properly described. moreover, the intraspecific variability associated with these changes has not previously been examined, dissections having been restricted in the past to only one or two individuals. in this paper, the myology and osteology of the emu wing is described for a sample of five female birds. the emu showed a marked reduction in the numb ...	2007	17390336
process and formulation variables in the preparation of injectable and biodegradable magnetic microspheres.	the aim of this study was to prepare biodegradable sustained release magnetite microspheres sized between 1 to 2 microm. the microspheres with or without magnetic materials were prepared by a w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation technique using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) as the biodegradable matrix forming polymer. effects of manufacturing and formulation variables on particle size were investigated with non-magnetic microspheres. microsphere size could be controlled by modification ...	2007	17407608
the differentiation and stress response factor xbp-1 drives multiple myeloma pathogenesis.	multiple myeloma (mm) evolves from a highly prevalent premalignant condition termed mgus. the factors underlying the malignant transformation of mgus are unknown. we report a mgus/mm phenotype in transgenic mice with emu-directed expression of the xbp-1 spliced isoform (xbp-1s), a factor governing unfolded protein/er stress response and plasma-cell development. emu-xbp-1s elicited elevated serum ig and skin alterations. with age, emu-xbp-1s transgenics develop features diagnostic of human mm, in ...	2007	17418411
short telomeres limit tumor progression in vivo by inducing senescence.	telomere maintenance is critical for cancer progression. to examine mechanisms of tumor suppression induced by short telomeres, we crossed mice deficient for the rna component of telomerase, mtr(-/-), with emu-myc transgenic mice, an established model of burkitt's lymphoma. short telomeres suppressed tumor formation in emu-myc transgenic animals. expression of bcl2 blocked apoptosis in tumor cells, but surprisingly, mice with short telomeres were still resistant to tumor formation. staining for ...	2007	17433785
facile fabrication of magnetic nanocomposites of ordered mesoporous carbon decorated with nnickel nanoparticles.	a magnetic nanocomposite of ordered mesoporous carbon (cmk-3) decorated with nickel nanoparticles was synthesized successfully by a simple chemistry method. nickel nanoparticles were prepared and uniformly supported on ordered mesoporous carbon cmk-3 by reduction route with cmk-3 as a reducing agent at 673 k. the ni/cmk-3 composite materials were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, and transmission electron microscopy. as-prepared nickel nanoparticles supported on cmk-3 ...	2007	17450786
the peptide nucleic acid targeted to a regulatory sequence of the translocated c-myc oncogene in burkitt's lymphoma lacks immunogenicity: follow-up characterization of pnaemu-nls.	the present study aims to evaluate the antigenicity of a pna complementary to the emu sequence (pnaemu) with cancer therapeutic potential properties in burkitt's lymphoma (bl). in bl cells, the c-myc oncogene is repositioned next to the emu enhancer of the immunoglobulin (ig) locus, due to chromosomal translocation, and up-regulated. pnaemu linked to a nuclear localization signal peptide was shown specifically to block c-myc hyperexpression by inhibiting cell growth in vitro and in vivo. recentl ...	2007	17461771
myc targets cks1 to provoke the suppression of p27kip1, proliferation and lymphomagenesis.	reduced levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) connote poor prognosis in cancer. in human burkitt lymphoma and in precancerous b cells and lymphomas arising in emu-myc transgenic mice, p27(kip1) expression is markedly reduced. we show that the transcription of the cks1 component of the scf(skp2) complex that is necessary for p27(kip1) ubiquitylation and degradation is induced by myc. further, cks1 expression is elevated in precancerous emu-myc b cells, and high levels of cks1 ...	2007	17464290
analysis of the apoptotic and therapeutic activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors by using a mouse model of b cell lymphoma.	histone deacetylase inhibitors (hdaci) can elicit a range of biological responses that affect tumor growth and survival, including inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of tumor cell-selective apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and modulation of immune responses, and show promising activity against hematological malignancies in clinical trials. using the emu-myc model of b cell lymphoma, we screened tumors with defined genetic alterations in apoptotic pathways for therapeutic resp ...	2007	17470784
transcription of a productively rearranged ig vdjc alpha does not require the presence of hs4 in the igh 3' regulatory region.	v gene assembly, class switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation are gene-modifying processes essential to the development of an effective ab response. if inappropriately applied, however, these processes can mediate genetic changes that lead to disease (e.g., lymphoma). a series of control elements within the ig h chain (igh) locus has been implicated in regulating these processes as well as in regulating igh gene transcription. these include the intronic enhancer (emu) and several elemen ...	2007	17475858
phenalenyl-based neutral radical molecular conductors: substituent effects on solid-state structures and properties.	we report the preparation, crystallization, and solid-state characterization of cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl-substituted spirobiphenalenyl radicals and the corresponding sigma-dimer of the cyclooctyl derivative. the crystal structure shows that the cycloheptyl radical (9) is monomeric in the solid state, with the molecules packed in an unusual one-dimensional (1-d) fashion that we refer to as a pi-chain structure, whereas the cyclooctyl variant exists both as pi-dimer 10 and sigma-dimer 10d. the n ...	2007	17500519
antisense intergenic transcription precedes igh d-to-j recombination and is controlled by the intronic enhancer emu.	v(d)j recombination is believed to be regulated by alterations in chromatin accessibility to the recombinase machinery, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. we previously proposed that antisense intergenic transcription, activated throughout the mouse igh vh region in pro-b cells, remodels chromatin for vh-to-djh recombination. using rna fluorescence in situ hybridization, we now show that antisense intergenic transcription occurs throughout the igh dhjh region before d-to-j recombinat ...	2007	17526723
haploinsufficiency of mdm2 and mdm4 in tumorigenesis and development.	the tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated by multiple mechanisms that include mutations of the p53 gene itself and increased levels of the p53 inhibitors mdm2 and mdm4. mice lacking mdm2 or mdm4 exhibit embryo-lethal phenotypes that are completely rescued by concomitant deletion of p53. here we show that mdm2 and mdm4 haploinsufficiency leads to increased p53 activity, exhibited as increased sensitivity to dna damage and decreased transformation potential. moreover, in in vivo tumor development, e ...	2007	17526734
the myc-evoked dna damage response accounts for treatment resistance in primary lymphomas in vivo.	in addition to the arf/p53 pathway, the dna damage response (ddr) has been recognized as another oncogene-provoked anticancer barrier in early human tumorigenesis leading to apoptosis or cellular senescence. ddr mutations may promote tumor formation, but their impact on treatment outcome remains unclear. in this study, we generated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm)-proficient and -deficient b-cell lymphomas in emu-myc transgenic mice to examine the role of ddr defects in lymphomagenesis and tr ...	2007	17562874
comparative analysis of the 1h nmr relaxation enhancement produced by iron oxide and core-shell iron-iron oxide nanoparticles.	physicochemical and magnetorelaxometric characterization of the colloidal suspensions consisting of fe-based nanoparticles coated with dextran have been carried out. iron oxide and iron core/iron oxide shell nanoparticles were obtained by laser-induced pyrolysis of fe(co)5 vapours. under different magnetic field strengths, the colloidal suspension formed by iron oxide nanoparticles showed longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) nuclear magnetic relaxation suspension (nmrd) profiles, similar to tho ...	2007	17566686
efficient on-chip proteolysis system based on functionalized magnetic silica microspheres.	an easily replaceable enzymatic microreactor has been fabricated based on the glass microchip with trypsin-immobilized magnetic silica microspheres (ms microspheres). magnetic microspheres with small size (approximately 300 nm in diameter) and high magnetic responsivity to magnetic field (68.2 emu/g) were synthesized and modified with tetraethyl orthosilicate (teos). aminopropyltriethoxysilane (aptes) and glutaraldehyde (ga) were then introduced to functionalize the ms microspheres for enzyme im ...	2007	17570518
effect of digestion time and alkali addition rate on physical properties of magnetite nanoparticles.	we investigate the effect of digestion time and alkali addition rate on the size and magnetic properties of precipitated magnetite nanoparticles. it is observed that the time required to complete the growth process for magnetite nanocrystals is very short (approximately 300 s), compared to long digestion times (20-190 min) required for mno and cdse nanocrystals. the rapid growth of magnetite nanoparticles suggests that oswald ripening is insignificant during the precipitation stage, due to the l ...	2007	17580856
the molecular basis of chromosome orthologies and sex chromosomal differentiation in palaeognathous birds.	palaeognathous birds (struthioniformes and tinamiformes) have morphologically conserved karyotypes and less differentiated zw sex chromosomes. to delineate interspecific chromosome orthologies in palaeognathous birds we conducted comparative chromosome painting with chicken (gallus gallus, gga) chromosome 1-9 and z chromosome paints (gga1-9 and ggaz) for emu, double-wattled cassowary, ostrich, greater rhea, lesser rhea and elegant crested tinamou. all six species showed the same painting pattern ...	2007	17605112
magnetic poly epsilon-caprolactone nanoparticles containing fe3o4 and gemcitabine enhance anti-tumor effect in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model.	we prepared magnetic (fe(3)o(4)) poly epsilon-caprolactone (pcl) nanoparticles (mean diameter 164 +/- 3 nm) containing an anticancer drug (gemcitabine) using emulsion-diffusion method in order to develop more efficient drug delivery for cancer treatment. nanoparticles were smooth, well individualized and homogeneous in size. the values of magnetizations for the magnetic pcl nanoparticles were observed around 10.2 emu/g at 2000 oe magnetic field intensity and showed super-paramagnetic property. i ...	2007	17613663
m(bipyridine)v(4)o(10) (m = cu, ag): hybrid analogues of low-dimensional reduced vanadates.	new hybrid layered vanadates, m(bpy)v4o10 (i, m = cu+; ii, m = ag+; bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine), were prepared from hydrothermal reactions at 220-230 degrees c, and their structures were characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction [i, p21/c (no. 14), z = 4, a = 3.6154(3) a, b = 21.217(1) a, c = 20.267(1) a, and beta = 90.028(3) degrees ; ii, p (no. 2), z = 2, a = 3.5731(4) a, b = 10.429(1) a, c = 21.196(2) a, alpha = 89.031(5) degrees , beta = 89.322(5) degrees , and gamma = 85.546(5) degrees ] ...	2007	17628060
essential role of stromally induced hedgehog signaling in b-cell malignancies.	interaction of cancer cells with their microenvironment generated by stromal cells is essential for tumor cell survival and influences the localization of tumor growth. here we demonstrate that hedgehog ligands secreted by bone-marrow, nodal and splenic stromal cells function as survival factors for malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma cells derived from transgenic emu-myc mice or isolated from humans with these malignancies. hedgehog pathway inhibition in lymphomas induced apoptosis through down ...	2007	17632527
magnetic molybdenum disulfide nanosheet films.	bulk molybdenum disulfide is known to be a nonmagnetic material. we have synthesized edge-oriented mos2 nanosheet-like films that exhibit weak magnetism ( approximately 1-2 emu/g) and 2.5% magnetoresistance effects with a curie temperature of 685 k. the magnetization is related to the presence of edge spins on the prismatic edges of the nanosheets. spin-polarized calculations were performed on triangular-shaped cluster models in order to provide insight into the origin of magnetism on the edges ...	2007	17637016
emu oil(s): a source of non-toxic transdermal anti-inflammatory agents in aboriginal medicine.	the 'oil' obtained from emu fat can be a very effective inhibitor of chronic inflammation in rats when applied dermally (with a skin penetration enhancer). assays for this activity using the adjuvant-induced arthritis model have shown: i. considerable variability in potency of some commercial oil samples; ii. little or no correlation of activity with colour or linolenic acid (18:3) content of the oil; iii. relative stability of some active oils (to heat, ageing at room temperature); iv. the bulk ...	1998	17638122
in a model of immunoglobulin heavy-chain (igh)/myc translocation, the igh 3' regulatory region induces myc expression at the immature stage of b cell development.	reciprocal translocations involving the immunoglobulin loci and the cellular oncogene myc are hallmark mutations of the human postgerminal center b cell neoplasm, burkitt's lymphoma. they are occasionally found in other b cell lymphomas, as well. translocations involving the heavy chain locus (igh) place the myc gene either in cis with both the intronic enhancer emu and the igh 3' regulatory region (3'rr) or in cis with only the 3'rr. the result is deregulated myc expression. recent studies have ...	2007	17639584
skeletal strain patterns and growth in the emu hindlimb during ontogeny.	most studies examining changes in mechanical performance in animals across size have typically focused on inter-specific comparisons across large size ranges. scale effects, however, can also have important consequences in vertebrates as they increase in size and mass during ontogeny. the goal of this study was to examine how growth and development in the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) hindlimb skeleton reflects the demands placed upon it by ontogenetic changes in locomotor mechanics and body ma ...	2007	17644682
magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles prepared by exploding wire technique.	nanoparticles of iron were prepared in distilled water using very thin iron wires and sheets, by the electro-exploding wire technique. transmission electron microscopy reveals the size of the nanoparticles to be in the range 10 to 50 nm. however, particles of different sizes can be segregated by using ultrahigh centrifuge. x-ray diffraction studies confirm the presence of the cubic phase of iron. these iron nanoparticles were found to exhibit fluorescence in the visible region in contrast to the ...	2007	17654962
characterization of the diradical nsnsc-cnssn and [nsnsc-cnssn][mf6]n (n=1, 2). the first observation of an excited triplet state in dimers of 7pi -cnssn* radicals.	preparation and full characterization of the main-group diradical nsnsc-cnssn, 8, the mf6- salt (as, sb) of radical cation +nsnsc-cnssn, 8+, and the asf6- salt of the dication +nsnsc-cnssn+, 82+, are presented. 8, a=6.717 (4), b=11.701(2), c=8.269(3) a, alpha=gamma=90, beta=106.69(3) degrees, monoclinic, space group p21/n, z=4, t=203 k; 8sbf6, a=6.523(2), b=7.780(2), c=12.012(4) a, alpha=91.994(4), beta=96.716(4), gamma=09.177(4) degrees, triclinic, space group p, z=2, t=198 k; 8[asf6]2, a=1 ...	2007	17665904
the evolution of the avian genome as revealed by comparative molecular cytogenetics.	birds are characterised by feathers, flight, a small genome and a very distinctive karyotype. despite the large numbers of chromosomes, the diploid count of 2n approximately 80 has remained remarkably constant with 63% of birds where 2n = 74-86, 24% with 2n = 66-74 and extremes of 2n = 40 and 2n = 142. of these, the most studied is the chicken (2n = 78), and molecular cytogenetic probes generated from this species have been used to further understand the evolution of the avian genome. the ancest ...	2007	17675846
anti-inflammatory activity of emu oils in rats.	the anti-inflammatory activities of five different preparations of emu (dromais novae-hollandiae) oil, applied topically, have been examined using an experimental polyarthritis- in rats. four of the preparations were found to be active against adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. the efficacies of the emu oils acting transdermally are compared with that of orally administered ibuprofen (40 mg/kg).	1997	17694361
a wheel-shaped single-molecule magnet of [mnii 3mniii 4]: quantum tunneling of magnetization under static and pulse magnetic fields.	the reaction of n-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)iminodiethanol (=h3(5-no2-hbide)) with mn(oac)2* 4 h2o in methanol, followed by recrystallization from 1,2-dichloroethane, yielded a wheel-shaped single-molecule magnet (smm) of [mnii 3mniii 4(5-no2-hbide)6].5 c2h4cl2 (1). in 1, seven manganese ions are linked by six tri-anionic ligands and form the wheel in which the two manganese ions on the rim and the one in the center are mnii and the other four manganese ions are mniii ions. powder magnetic suscep ...	2007	17729217
magnetic properties of lunar dust and rock samples.	determinations on 20-to 80-milligram portions of the rock samples and the -150 mesh fraction of the lunar dust show pronounced curie points between 680 degrees and 780 degrees c. remanent intensities of five rock fragments vary from 8.4 x 10(-5) to 0.30 x j0(-5) emu/gram. upon demagnetization, two of the samples had only viscous magnetization and two other samples had stable magnetizations with remanent coercivities in excess of 50 oersteds. partial thermal demagnetization suggests that these ap ...	1970	17781549
magnetic properties of the lunar crystalline rock and fines.	magnetic measurements have shown that nondiamagnetic minerals in a lunar crystalline rock of type b are (free fe(2)+ in paramagnetic pyroxenes) : (antiferromagnetic fesio(3)) : (antiferromagnetic fetio(3)) : (ferromagnetic iron) = 4.3 : 7 : 20 : 0.08 in weight percentage. the abundance of ferromagnetic fe in the lunar fines is about 7.5 times its abundance in the crystalline rock. the natural remanent magnetization of the crystalline rock of 7.5 x 10(-6) emu/ g in intensity may not be attributab ...	1970	17781554
an elementary metabolite unit (emu) based method of isotopically nonstationary flux analysis.	nonstationary metabolic flux analysis (nmfa) is at present a very computationally intensive exercise, especially for large reaction networks. we applied elementary metabolite unit (emu) theory to nmfa, dramatically reducing computational difficulty. we also introduced block decoupling, a new method that systematically and comprehensively divides emu systems of equations into smaller subproblems to further reduce computational difficulty. these improvements led to a 5000-fold reduction in simulat ...	2008	17787013
degradation of carbazole by microbial cells immobilized in magnetic gellan gum gel beads.	polycyclic aromatic heterocycles, such as carbazole, are environmental contaminants suspected of posing human health risks. in this study, we investigated the degradation of carbazole by immobilized sphingomonas sp. strain xldn2-5 cells. four kinds of polymers were evaluated as immobilization supports for sphingomonas sp. strain xldn2-5. after comparison with agar, alginate, and kappa-carrageenan, gellan gum was selected as the optimal immobilization support. furthermore, fe(3)o(4) nanoparticles ...	2007	17827304
elevated mdm2 expression induces chromosomal instability and confers a survival and growth advantage to b cells.	mdm2, a regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, is frequently overexpressed in lymphomas, including lymphomas that have inactivated p53. however, the biological consequences of mdm2 overexpression in lymphocytes are not fully resolved. here, we report that increased expression of mdm2 in b cells augmented proliferation and reduced susceptibility to p53-dependent apoptosis, which was due to inhibition of p53 and suppression of p21 expression. notably, developing and mature b cells from mdm2 transg ...	2008	17828300
novel bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene-based organic conductor with 1,1'-ferrocenedisulfonate.	a new bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (bedt-ttf)-based salt with a ferrocenyl moiety, alpha' ''-(bedt-ttf)(4)(fe(c(5)h(4)so(3))(2)).6h(2)o, has been prepared. the ferrocenyl part of this salt is neutral and diamagnetic, but the magnetic susceptibility is well modeled by a curie-weiss law with c = 0.142 emu.k.mol(-1) (approximately 1/3 of s = 1/2 spin). the spin is likely to be localized on the donor layer because of its unique charge disproportionation.	2007	17845035
an immunohistochemical study of the distribution of intermediate filaments in the ovary of the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae).	the immunohistochemical localization of the intermediate filaments desmin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin (sma) in the ovary of the emu was described in the present study. the cortical region of the ovary contained developing and atretic primordial, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic follicles. vimentin immunostaining was demonstrated in the granulosa cell layer of primordial, pre-vitellogenic and vitellogenic developing and atretic follicles. an interesting finding of the present study was the ...	2007	17845222
[a novel europium doped apatite/wollastonite porous magnetic bioactive glass ceramic].	a new biocompatible apatite-wollastonite magnetic glass ceramic has been synthesized via sol-gel process. characteristics of the materials were determined with differential thermal analysis (dta), x-ray diffraction (xrd), scan electron microscopy (sem), energy dispersive spectrum (eds), inductively couple plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (icp-aes), vibrating sample magnetometer (vsm) and so on. results showed that the main crystalline phases of the material were hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite [ ...	2007	17899745
habitual hip joint activity level of the penned emu (dromaius novaehollandie).	orthopaedic management of femoral head osteonecrosis remains problematic, partly because of inability to systematically compare treatments in an animal model whose natural history parallels the human in terms of progression to femoral head collapse. recently, it was determined that collapse could be consistently achieved for cryogenically induced osteonecrosis in the emu. toward delineating the comparative hip joint biomechanics of emus versus humans, for purposes of establishing the emu as a mo ...	2007	17907425
modulation of mir-155 and mir-125b levels following lipopolysaccharide/tnf-alpha stimulation and their possible roles in regulating the response to endotoxin shock.	we report here that mir-155 and mir-125b play a role in innate immune response. lps stimulation of mouse raw 264.7 macrophages resulted in the up-regulation of mir-155 and down-regulation of mir-125b levels. the same changes also occurred when c57bl/6 mice were i.p. injected with lps. furthermore, the levels of mir-155 and mir-125b in raw 264.7 cells displayed oscillatory changes in response to tnf-alpha. these changes were impaired by pretreating the cells with the proteasome inhibitor mg-132, ...	2007	17911593
in vitro heat generation by ferrimagnetic maghemite microspheres for hyperthermic treatment of cancer under an alternating magnetic field.	ferrimagnetic materials can be expected to be useful as thermo seeds for hyperthermic treatment of cancer, especially where the cancer is located in deep parts of body, as they can generate heat by magnetic hysteretic loss when they are placed in an alternating magnetic field. recently, it was reported that ferrimagnetic maghemite (gamma-fe2o3) microspheres 20-30 microm in diameter prepared in aqueous solution can show excellent heat generating ability. however, these microspheres have many crac ...	2008	17914614
tc-tuned biocompatible suspension of la0.73sr0.27mno3 for magnetic hyperthermia.	la(1-x)sr(x)mno(3), a ferromagnet with high magnetization and curie temperature t(c) below 70 degrees c, enables its use for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer with a possibility of in vivo temperature control. we found that la(0.73)sr(0.27)mno(3) particles of size range 20-100 nm showed saturation magnetization around 38 emu/g at 20 koe and a t(c) value of 45 degrees c. aqueous suspension of these nanoparticles was prepared using a polymer, acrypol 934, and the biocompatibility of the su ...	2008	17922528
synthesis and characterization of poly(divinylbenzene)-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as precursor for the formation of air-stable carbon-coated iron crystalline nanoparticles.	maghemite (gamma-fe2o3) nanoparticles of 15 +/- 3 nm diameter were prepared by nucleation of gelatin/iron oxide followed by growth of gamma-fe2o3 films onto these nuclei. the gamma-fe2o3 nanoparticles were coated with polydivinylbenzene (pdvb) by emulsion polymerization of divinylbenzene (dvb) in an aqueous continuous phase containing the gamma-fe2o3 nanoparticles. the pdvb-coated gamma-fe2o3 nanoparticles, dispersed in water, were separated from homo-pdvb nanoparticles using the high gradient m ...	2008	17927999
ultrasmall mixed ferrite colloids as multidimensional magnetic resonance imaging, cell labeling, and cell sorting agents.	one area that has been overlooked in the evolution of magnetic nanoparticle technology is the possibility of introducing informational atoms into the iron oxide core of the coated colloid. introduction of suitable atoms into the iron oxide core offers an opportunity to produce a quantifiable probe, thereby adding one or more dimensions to the magnetic colloid's informational status. lanthanide-doped iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized to introduce informational atoms through the forma ...	2007	17941682
foxo transcription factors suppress myc-driven lymphomagenesis via direct activation of arf.	foxo transcription factors play critical roles in cell cycle control and cellular stress responses, and abrogation of foxo function promotes focus formation by myc in vitro. here we show that stable introduction of a dominant-negative foxo moiety (dnfoxo) into emu-myc transgenic hematopoietic stem cells accelerates lymphoma development in recipient mice by attenuating myc-induced apoptosis. when expressed in emu-myc; p53(+/-) progenitor cells, dnfoxo alleviates the pressure to inactivate the rem ...	2007	17974917
temperature-responsive magnetite/peo-ppo-peo block copolymer nanoparticles for controlled drug targeting delivery.	in this study, temperature-responsive magnetite/polymer nanoparticles were developed from iron oxide nanoparticles and poly(ethyleneimine)-modified poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (peo-ppo-peo) block copolymer. the particles were characterized by tem, xrd, dls, vsm, ftir, and tga. a typical product has an approximately 20 nm magnetite core and an approximately 40 nm hydrodynamic diameter with a narrow size distribution and is superparamagnetic with large saturatio ...	2007	17988160
synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic studies of oxo-centered trinuclear chromium(iii) complexes: [cr(3)(mu(3)-o)(mu(2)-phcoo)(6)(h(2)o)(3)]no(3). 4h(2)o.2ch(3)oh, a case of spin-frustrated system, and [cr(3)(mu(3)-o)- (mu(2)-phcoo)(2)(mu(2)-och(2)ch(3))(2)(bpy)(2)(ncs )(3)], a new type of [cr(3)o] core.	the synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of two trinuclear oxo-centered carboxylate complexes are reported and discussed: [cr3(mu3-o)(mu2-phcoo)6(h2o)3]no3.4h2o.2ch3oh (1) and [cr3(mu3-o)(mu2-phcoo)2(mu2-och2ch3)2(bpy)2(ncs)3] (2). for both complexes the crystal system is monoclinic, with space group c2/c for 1 and p1/n for 2. the structure of complex 1 consists of discrete trinuclear cations, associated no3- anions, and lattice methanol and water molecules. the structure of com ...	2007	18004841
evolution of brain size in the palaeognath lineage, with an emphasis on new zealand ratites.	brain size in vertebrates varies principally with body size. although many studies have examined the variation of brain size in birds, there is little information on palaeognaths, which include the ratite lineage of kiwi, emu, ostrich and extinct moa, as well as the tinamous. therefore, we set out to determine to what extent the evolution of brain size in palaeognaths parallels that of other birds, i.e., neognaths, by analyzing the variation in the relative sizes of the brain and cerebral hemisp ...	2008	18032885
big birds and their brains: paleoneurology of the new zealand moa.	the moa (dinornithiformes: aves) are an extinct group of ratites from the north and south islands of new zealand. the ancestors of both the moa and the kiwi were isolated from other gondwanan fauna as much as 80 million years ago and evolved in the absence of large mammalian predators. as such they represent a natural experiment in the removal of mammalian predation pressure on the encephalization of these two groups of ratites. we have used endocranial and skull morphometry in conjunction with ...	2008	18032890
sonochemically assisted synthesis of zinc-doped maghemite.	nanoparticles of zinc-doped maghemite were prepared using ultrasonic radiation. as a precursor, a suspension of maghemite in an alkaline aqueous solution of zinc nitrate at ph 9 was sonicated. the zinc-doped maghemite nanoparticles were investigated by x-ray diffraction, mössbauer spectroscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy (hrem) and squid magnetometry. the mössbauer measurements, which cover the temperature range 4.2 k to room temperature, were acquired in zero field and an applied field ...	2008	18053756
do observer and self-reports of ictal eye closure predict psychogenic nonepileptic seizures?	diagnostic delay in distinguishing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (pnes) from epileptic seizures may result in unnecessary therapeutic interventions and higher health care costs. previous studies demonstrated that video-recorded eye closure is associated with pnes. the present study prospectively assessed whether observer or self-report of eye closure could predict pnes, prior to video-eeg monitoring.	2008	18070093
maturation of the contractile response of the emu ductus arteriosus.	the avian embryo has a pair of ductus arteriosi that allow the blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation prior to the initiation of lung ventilation. our objective was to characterize the factors regulating da tone during the later stages of development in the emu embryo. we examined in vitro the reactivity of the emu ductus from day 39 through 49 of a 50-day incubation. steady state tension was not altered by the cox inhibitor indomethacin or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-name. however, ...	2008	18071713
superparamagnetic high-magnetization microspheres with an fe3o4@sio2 core and perpendicularly aligned mesoporous sio2 shell for removal of microcystins.	superparamagnetic microspheres with an fe3o4@sio2 core and a perpendicularly aligned mesoporous sio2 shell were synthesized through a surfactant-templating sol-gel approach. the microspheres possess high magnetization (53.3 emu/g), high surface area (365 m2/g), large pore volume (0.29 cm3/g), and uniform mesopore (2.3 nm). by using the unique core-shell microspheres with accessible large pores and excellent magnetic property, a fast removal of microcystins with high efficiency (>95%) can be achi ...	2008	18076180
trail-r deficiency in mice promotes susceptibility to chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis.	preclinical data support the potential of the death-signaling receptors for trail as targets for cancer therapy. however, it is unclear whether these death-signaling receptors suppress the emergence and growth of malignant tumors in vivo. herein we show that tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (trail-r), the only proapoptotic death-signaling receptor for trail in the mouse, suppresses inflammation and tumorigenesis. loss of a single trail-r allele on the lymphoma-prone emu-myc genetic ...	2008	18079962
conducting dimerized cobalt complexes with tetrathiafulvalene dithiolate ligands.	to obtain novel single-component molecular metals, we attempted to synthesize several cobalt complexes coordinated by ttf (tetrathiafulvalene)-type dithiolate ligands. we succeeded in the syntheses and structure determinations of ((n)bu(4)n)(2)[co(chdt)(2)](2) (1), ((n)bu(4)n)(2)[co(dmdt)(2)](2) (2), [co(dmdt)(2)](2) (3), and [co(dt)(2)](2) (4) (chdt = cyclohexeno-ttf-dithiolate, dmdt = dimethyl-ttf-dithiolate, and dt = ttf-dithiolate). structure analyses of complexes 1-4 revealed that two monom ...	2008	18179201
hip joint contact force in the emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking.	the emu is a large, (bipedal) flightless bird that potentially can be used to study various orthopaedic disorders in which load protection of the experimental limb is a limitation of quadrupedal models. an anatomy-based analysis of normal emu walking gait was undertaken to determine hip contact forces for comparison with human data. kinematic and kinetic data captured for two laboratory-habituated emus were used to drive the model. muscle attachment data were obtained by dissection, and bony geo ...	2008	18206892
morphological and immunohistochemical study of testicular capsule and peritubular tissue of emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) and ostrich (struthio camelus).	the testicular capsule and peritubular boundary tissue of the emu and ostrich, as typical representatives of ratite birds, were studied in sexually mature and active birds. the testicular capsule was much thicker (578.1+/-73.4 microm for the free surface of the ostrich testis, and 176.2+/-57.5 microm for the emu) than those of members of the galloanserae. the cellular composition of both testicular capsule and peritubular tissue was similar generally to that of members of the previously studied ...	2008	18236082
temporal segmentation of video objects for hierarchical object-based motion description.	this paper describes a hierarchical approach for object-based motion description of video in terms of object motions and object-to-object interactions. we present a temporal hierarchy for object motion description, which consists of low-level elementary motion units (emu) and high-level action units (au). likewise, object-to-object interactions are decomposed into a hierarchy of low-level elementary reaction units (eru) and high-level interaction units (iu). we then propose an algorithm for temp ...	2002	18244619
temporal pattern of oxcarbazepine and phenytoin withdrawal seizures during epilepsy monitoring.	to compare the temporal pattern of seizures after acute withdrawal of oxcarbazepine (oxc) and phenytoin (pht) in the epilepsy monitoring unit (emu).	2008	18281195
neuron type processor modeling using a timed petri net.	the basic operation of a digital neuron is reviewed, and the theory of time petri nets used for modeling, representation, and analysis of the neuron-type processor (ntp) is reviewed. the timed petri net is utilized to produce a model for the digital ntp. the neuron-type processor performs input temporal and spatial summation, as well as thresholding. the timed petri net of the ntp operates asynchronously and sequentially takes on a series of distinct internal states, so that each of these states ...	1990	18282848
fabrication of carbon nano-tubes decorated with ultra fine superparamagnetic nano-particles under continuous flow conditions.	ultra fine (2-3 nm) magnetite (fe(3)o(4)) nano-particles are uniformly deposited on single-walled carbon nano-tubes (swcnts) pre-functionalised with carboxylic acid groups using microwave radiation. the deposition process involves chemical precipitation associated with continuous flow spinning disc processing (sdp), as a rapid, environmentally friendly approach which is readily scalable for large scale synthesis. the resulting decorated swcnts are superparamagnetic with specific saturated magnet ...	2008	18305862
microstructural evolution of ceo2 from porous structures to clusters of nanosheet arrays assisted by gas bubbles via electrodeposition.	here we report the preparation of porous ceo2 and clusters of ceo2 nanosheet arrays via a simple, efficient electrochemical approach. gas bubbles functioning as a dynamic template were utilized in our research for the synthesis of nanosheet array clusters. the hc and mr values of porous ceo2 are almost the same as those of ceo2 nanosheet array clusters at 5 k, and they are about 5916 oe and 8.83 x 10(-4) emu, respectively. however, the saturation magnetization of ceo2 nanosheet array clusters is ...	2008	18312014
incorporation of substitutionally labile [v(iii)(cn)6]3- into prussian blue type magnetic materials.	a prussian blue (pb) type material containing hexacyanovanadate(iii), mn(ii)1.5[v(iii)(cn)6].(0.30)mecn (1), was formed from the reaction of [v(iii)(cn)6](3-) with [mn(ncme)6](2+) in mecn. this new material exhibits ferrimagnetic spin- or cluster-glass behavior below a tc of 12k with observed magnetic hysteresis at 2 k (hcr = 65 oe and mrem = 730 emu.oe/mol). reactions of [v(iii)(cn)6](3-) with [m(ii)(ncme)6](2+) (m = fe, co, ni) in mecn lead to either partial (m = co) or complete (m = fe, ni) l ...	2008	18321044
molecular packing in the feather keratin filament.	avian feathers have a filament-matrix texture and x-ray diffraction studies show that the filament has a helical structure with four repeating units per turn. each repeating unit consists of a pair of twisted beta-sheets related by a perpendicular diad, and the twist in the sheets is of opposite hand to that of the helix. each sheet is believed to comprise a 32-residue segment of the feather keratin molecule, which contains around 100 residues, the remainder constituting the matrix. in the prese ...	2008	18334302
synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic and luminescence properties of keuge2o6: a europium cyclogermanate containing infinite chains of edge-sharing eu-o polyhedra.	a new eu(iii) germanate, keuge2o6, has been synthesized by both the flux-growth method and the high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal method and characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. the compound contains parallel zigzag chains of edge-sharing eu-o polyhedra, which are in turn linked by sharing vertices and edges with three-membered single ring ge3o9(6-) germanate anions to form a 3-d framework structure. the magnetic and luminescence properties were also investigated. the obs ...	2008	18354769