Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a divergent non-classical class i gene conserved in salmonids. | complementary dna for two class i genes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were characterized. mhconmy-uba*01 is similar to onmy-uac32 and the classical major histocompatibility complex class i genes of other fish species, whereas onmy-uaa*01 is divergent from all class i genes so far characterized. onmy-uaa*01 is expressed at lower levels than onmy-uba*01. although onmy-uaa*01 exhibits restriction fragment length polymorphism on southern blotting, the encoded protein is highly conserved ... | 1999 | 10380691 |
| recombinant e-peptides of pro-igf-i have mitogenic activity. | in mammals, the post-translational proteolytic modification of many pro-hormones generates multiple peptides with similar or distinct biological activities. the production of mature insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) involves the cleavage of an e-peptide from pro-igf-i. although the igf-i e-peptides are conserved among vertebrate species, their fate and biological roles have not been identified. to test whether the e-peptides possess any biological activity, three recombinant e-peptides of pro ... | 1999 | 10385437 |
| neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the goal of the present investigation was to assess the relative involvement of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from the chromaffin tissue of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). this was accomplished by first developing and validating a nerve-stimulating technique able specifically to activate the nerve fibres innervating the chromaffin cells in order to elicit secretion of catecholamines. using an in situ saline-perfused posteri ... | 1999 | 10393821 |
| expression, linkage, and polymorphism of mhc-related genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the architecture of the mhc in teleost fish, which display a lack of linkage between class i and ii genes, differs from all other vertebrates. because rainbow trout have been examined for a variety of immunologically relevant genes, they present a good teleost model for examining both the expression and organization of mhc-related genes. full-length cdna and partial gdna clones for proteasome delta, low molecular mass polypeptide (lmp) 2, tap1, tap2a, tap2b, class ia, and class iib were isolated ... | 1999 | 10395670 |
| reproducible methods for experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | experiments were done in order to achieve a reproducible method that can be used to infect rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causal agent of coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. the main method investigated was intraperitoneal injection, and this method was tested using isolates with different elastin-degrading profiles and representing different serotypes. injecting trout, average weight 1 g, with 10(4) cfu (colony-forming units) per fish caus ... | 1999 | 10401582 |
| lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: similar, but different diseases. | clinical and macroscopic findings (anorexia, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicate that streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garvieae infections of trout share some common features, but histopathology reveals notable differences between the 2 diseases. meningitis and panophthalmitis are the main lesions among s. iniae infected trout, whereas l. garvieae infection results in a hyperacute systemic disease. differences in the ld50s of the 2 pathogens and the sudden onset of signs ... | 1999 | 10401588 |
| comparison of 18s and its-1 rdna sequences of selected geographic isolates of myxobolus cerebralis. | myxobolus cerebralis, the myxosporean parasite-causing salmonid whirling disease, was first reported among rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in germany in 1903. the parasite was reported for the first time in north america in 1958 among hatchery-reared trout in the eastern usa, presumably arriving with frozen trout shipments from europe. a comparison of 18s and its-1 ribosomal dna sequences was conducted to identify potential strain differences between selected geographic isolates of this para ... | 1999 | 10404274 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) urotensin-i: structural differences between urotensins-i and urocortins. | in bony fishes, both corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) and urotensin-i play a role in the regulation of interrenal glucocorticoid release. the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, is a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis because of its phylogenetic position at the base of the euteleostei and its popularity as a food fish. urotensin-i may act as a glucocorticoid releaser in a mechanism phylogenetically older than that of crf. the ... | 1999 | 10417230 |
| molecular cloning of interleukin 1beta from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss reveals no evidence of an ice cut site. | the complete coding sequence of rainbow trout il-1beta has been obtained. the gene contains a short 5' utr (97 bp), a 780 bp open reading frame and a 466 bp 3' utr, which includes a polyadenylation signal, 7 attta motifs and an 18 bp poly a tail. the predicted amino acid sequence (260 amino acids) contains 3 potential glycosylation sites, with a predicted molecular weight of 29 kda, and shows between 49 and 56% amino acid similarity to mammalian il-1betas and 57% similarity to carp il-1beta. gre ... | 1999 | 10433801 |
| intracellular ph regulation in hepatocytes isolated from three teleost species. | the mechanisms of intracellular ph (ph(i)) regulation were studied in hepatocytes isolated from three species of teleost: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), black bullhead (ameiurus melas) and american eel (anguilla rostrata). intracellular ph was monitored over time using the ph-sensitive fluorescent dye bcecf in response to acid loading under control conditions and in different experimental media containing either low na(+) or cl(-) concentrations, the na(+)-h(+) exchanger blocker amiloride ... | 1999 | 10451412 |
| localization of the n-methyl-d-aspartate r1 receptor in the pituitary gland of immature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a study was conducted on the selective immunostaining of pituitary cells and pars nervosa of immature rainbow trout by antibody raised against the r1 subunit of the rat ionotropic n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor. in the pars distalis, the mammotrophs of the rostral pars distalis exhibited the most marked imunoreactivity, with the somatotrophs of the proximal pars distalis showing a consistently lower degree of immunoreactivity. no imunoreactivity was associated with the corticotrophs, thyro ... | 1999 | 10458026 |
| increase of metallothionein-immunopositive chloride cells in the gills of brown trout and rainbow trout after exposure to sewage treatment plant effluents. | metallothionein, a biomarker of exposure and toxicity of heavy metals, has been detected in the gills of brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss richardson) by means of immunohistochemistry. a very prominent labelling of chloride cells was found after exposure to diluted sewage plant effluents. no significant increase was observed in either the number of labelled cells or their labelling intensity after exposure to water of a polluted river compared to fish kep ... | 1999 | 10462220 |
| effect of t(3) treatment and food ration on hepatic deiodination and conjugation of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the 7-day effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)) hyperthyroidism (induced by 12 ppm t(3) in food) and food ration (0, 0.5, or 2% body weight/day) on in vitro hepatic glucuronidation, sulfation, and deiodination of thyroxine (t(4)), t(3), and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rt(3)). t(3) treatment doubled plasma t(3) with no change in plasma t(4), depressed hepatic low-k(m) (1 nm) outer-ring deiodination (ord) of t(4), induced low-k(m) (1 nm) inner-ring deiodination (ird) of both t(4) and ... | 1999 | 10480989 |
| deiodination and deconjugation of thyroid hormone conjugates and type i deiodination in liver of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the hepatic in vitro deconjugation and deiodination of glucuronide (g) and sulfate (s) conjugates of the thyroid hormones (th) thyroxine (t(4)), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)), and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rt(3)) in trout. these conversions have not been studied in nonmammals. deconjugation of t(4)g, t(3)g, rt(3)g, or rt(3)s was negligible in all subcellular fractions. some t(4)s desulfation occurred but t(3)s was desulfated to the greatest extent by freshly isolated hepatocytes and ... | 1999 | 10480990 |
| nodular gill disease (amoebic gill infestation) in arctic char, salvelinus alpinus. | two groups of arctic char (salvelinus alpinus) and one of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from a commercial fish farm in eastern canada were found to have mixed infection of the gills with flavobacterium branchiophilum (the causative agent of bacterial gill disease (bgd) and amoebae similar to those responsible for nodular gill disease (ngd). the diagnoses were confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody testing and transmission electron microscopy. the gill lesions were typical for a mixed bgd ... | 1999 | 10486164 |
| a comparative study of antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater and seawater-adapted rainbow trout. | comparative studies were performed on the antioxidant enzyme activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) concentration in liver and red cells of two groups of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the fish of the first group were cultured in freshwater and the others were adapted to sea-water by by being transferred from freshwater at 5-6 months of age. catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities were significantly higher in hepat ... | 1999 | 10487421 |
| electrophoretic determination of estrogen-induced protein in fish exposed to synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals. | in a first step we investigated whether leuciscus idus, a fish routinely used to assess the quality of surface water in germany, is suitable to indicate the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. an electrophoretic method was used to determine estrogen-induced protein in fish serum (presumed vitellogenin). this method was tested by exposing juvenile l. idus to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17 beta-estradiol and estrone. nominal concentrations of the steroid were compared with concentrations de ... | 1999 | 10492896 |
| rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, as a model for aromatase inhibition. | the feasibility of utilizing rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, as an alternative model for studying the inhibition of aromatase (cyp 19) was investigated. the suppression of estrogen-dependent tumors by aromatase inhibitors has been important in the treatment of breast cancer. estrogens, estrogen precursors and xenoestrogens have been found to promote liver cancer in the trout model. a steroid, 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-oha), and non-steroids, aminoglutethimide (ag) and letrozole (c ... | 1999 | 10529006 |
| induction, characterisation and pathogenicity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) of lactococcus garvieae l-forms. | difficulties with induction and cultivation of l-forms, particularly those derived from gram positive parent cells, have constrained to some degree the ability to evaluate the pathogenicity of these morphotypes. induction of l-forms of lactococcus garvieae was undertaken using either charcoal or inactivated horse serum media supplemented with ampicillin, benzylpenicillin or erythromycin, the drug of choice for treatment of infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (walbaum), and nacl as ... | 1999 | 10535774 |
| routes of entry of piscirickettsia salmonis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | since 1989, piscirickettsia salmonis, the causal agent of piscirickettsiosis, has killed millions of farmed salmonids each year in southern chile. the portal of entry for the pathogen was investigated by use of selected experimental infections in juvenile rainbow trout (12 g). the methods used were intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, patch contact on skin, patch contact on gills, intestinal intubation and gastric intubation. cumulative mortalities at day 33 post-inoculation were 9 ... | 1999 | 10546046 |
| comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta to myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease. | the susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta to myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease, was assessed following dosed exposures to the infectious stages (triactinomyxons). parallel groups of age-matched brown trout and rainbow trout were exposed to 10, 100, 1000 or 10,000 triactinomyxons per fish for 2 h and then placed in aquaria receiving single pass 15 degrees c well water. severity of infection was evaluated by presence of clinical ... | 1999 | 10546047 |
| regulatory regions in the promoter and third intron of the growth hormone gene in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | the mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) growth hormone (tgh) gene have been investigated. transient transfection assays, using deletion mutants of the tgh promoter, demonstrated that the -226/+24 5'-flanking region, bearing three binding sites for the pituitary-specific transcription factor ghf1/pit1 and a camp-response element, is necessary and sufficient to confer strong tissue-specific and camp-stimulated expression to a luciferase ... | 1999 | 10562456 |
| nonisotopic detection of loma salmonae (microspora) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gills by in situ hybridization. | loma salmonae, a microsporidian parasite of salmonids of the genus oncorhynchus, is a significant cause of economic loss in pen-reared chinook salmon (o. tschawytscha). final stages of l. salmonae infections are easily recognized by the xenomas that form in the gills during sporogony. however, early prexenoma stages of infection (3 weeks or less after infection) are difficult to detect on histologic slides. an l. salmonae-specific single-stranded dna probe labeled with digoxigenin was used to de ... | 1999 | 10568444 |
| bacterial microflora of wild brown trout (salmo trutta), wild pike (esox lucius), and aquacultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | initial numbers of bacteria associated with wild (brown trout and pike) and cultured (rainbow trout) freshwater fish as well as with the water in which they were caught were determined. subsequently, a total of 979 randomly selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level. for all counts performed (aerobes, psychrotrophs, anaerobes, enterobacteriaceae, and enterococci), no significant differences were observed in water samples, the highest level corresponding to psychrotrop ... | 1999 | 10571316 |
| immunolocalisation of nhe3-like immunoreactivity in the gills of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the blue-throated wrasse (pseudolabrus tetrious). | na+/h+ exchange has been implicated in models of ion transport across the branchial epithelium of marine and freshwater fishes. in this preliminary study, we present immunohistochemical data using a polyclonal antibody raised against nhe3 which show nhe3-like immunoreactivity (ir) in the gills from a freshwater and a marine teleost species. in both species, branchial epithelial cells demonstrating nhe3-like ir were localised predominantly to the junction between the filament and the secondary la ... | 1999 | 10580862 |
| efflux of t4 from the in situ perfused liver of rainbow trout: effect of t4, dithiothreitol and cysteine in the perfusate. | a cortland saline-perfused rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver model was used to study aspects of t4 efflux from the intact organ system. there was a consistent efflux of t4 in the absence of t4 in the perfusate, and the t4 efflux was increased in the presence of t4 in the perfusate, but the efflux was not t4-dose dependent. the addition of the thiol-containing compound dithiothreitol (dtt, 2 mm) to the perfusate had no significant effect on the flux of t4 from the liver, whereas the addit ... | 1999 | 10584300 |
| production of the 57 kda major surface antigen by a non-agglutinating strain of the fish pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum. | the major surface antigen of renibacterium salmoninarum, p57, is associated with cell autoagglutination and implicated as a virulence factor in fish infections. an autoagglutinating strain, jd24, caused 92% mortality when 2 x 10(7) cells were injected intraperitoneally into rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, while a non-agglutinating strain, mt 239, produced only 7% mortality after 100 d. the p57 antigen was present in the supernates of broth cultures of both strains when examined by western imm ... | 1999 | 10590925 |
| transfer of growth hormone (gh) transgenes into arctic charr. (salvelinus alpinus l.) i. growth response to various gh constructs. | four constructs containing salmonid growth hormone (gh) genes were transferred to arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.). cytomegalovirus (cmv) and piscine metallothionein b (onmt) and histone 3 (onh3) promoters connected to sockeye salmon growth hormone 1 gene (ongh1) were used for ectopic expression, and atlantic salmon growth hormone 2 gene with 5'flanking region (ssgh2) was tested for pituitary-specific expression. charr carrying the ongh1 constructs showed a dramatic increase in growth rate. ... | 1999 | 10596746 |
| purification, structural characterization, and myotropic activity of endothelin from trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | endothelin (et) from a nontetrapod species has never been characterized, either structurally or biologically. a single molecular form of trout et with 21-amino-acid residues was isolated in pure form from an extract of the kidney of the steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and its primary structure established as cys-ser-cys-ala-thr-phe-leu-asp-lys-glu10-cys-val-tyr-phe-cys-his- l eu-asp-ile-ile20-trp. this amino acid sequence shows only three substitutions (ala4-->ser, thr5-->ser, and phe6-->tr ... | 1999 | 10600905 |
| tgf-beta3 exists in bony fish. | a partial nucleotide sequence of transforming growth factor-beta3 (tgf-beta3) has been isolated from the siberian sturgeon (acipenser baeri), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european eel (anguilla anguilla), confirming a ubiquitous presence in the ray-finned (actinopterygian) bony fish. the bony fish tgf-beta3 is highly conserved, with some 83-84% nucleotide identity (coding region) and 90-95% predicted amino acid identity to known homeotherm tgf-beta3's. far lower homologies are apparen ... | 1999 | 10614492 |
| interactions of nitromusk parent compounds and their amino-metabolites with the estrogen receptors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the south african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). | nitromusks, musk xylene (mx), musk ketone (mk) and musk moskene (mm) are synthetic fragrances. 4-amino-mx (4x), 2-amino-mx (2x) and 2-amino-mk (2k) are nitromusk metabolites formed during the sewage treatment process and have been detected in effluent and surface water at concentrations four to 40 times higher than their parent compounds. to date, data to the aquatic toxicity of nitromusk compounds are limited to the parent compounds and the determination of acute and subacute effects in aquatic ... | 1999 | 10630701 |
| the partial substitution of digestible protein with gelatinized starch as an energy source reduces susceptibility to lipid oxidation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) muscle. | we evaluated the influence of dietary gelatinized starch and protein on the fatty acid composition of muscle in rainbow trout and european sea bass and on the susceptibility of flesh to lipid peroxidation. the possibility that flesh peroxidation could be accounted for by lipogenesis and the deposition of fat was also explored. the inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet of rainbow trout improved growth with respect to that observed in fish fed crude starch (p<.001). this was especially notic ... | 1999 | 10641880 |
| the gills are an important site of inos expression in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss after challenge with the gram-positive pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum. | following injection challenge of rainbow trout with the gram-positive pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum, serum nitrate levels increased indicative of no production. the timing and amount of nitrate produced varied with the virulence of the bacterial strain used, with the highest levels seen in fish challenged with the most virulent (autoaggregating) strain. immunization with a killed r. salmoninarum preparation in freund's incomplete adjuvant significantly increased nitrate levels after challe ... | 2000 | 10651954 |
| is fluid-phase endocytosis conserved in hepatocytes of species acclimated and adapted to different temperatures? | our primary objective was to determine if rates of fluid-phase endocytosis (fpe) were conserved in hepatocytes from organisms acclimated and adapted to different temperatures. to this aim, the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow was employed to measure fpe at different assay temperatures (at) in hepatocytes from 5 degrees c- and 20 degrees c-acclimated trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (at 5 and 20 degrees c at), 22 degrees c- and 35 degrees c-acclimated tilapia, oreochromis nilotica (at 22 and 35 degrees c ... | 2000 | 10666157 |
| oxygen-dependent energetics of anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant hepatocytes. | the oxygen-dependence of cellular energetics was investigated in hepatocytes from goldfish carassius auratus (anoxia-tolerant) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (anoxia-intolerant). in goldfish hepatocytes, an approximately 50 % reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption was observed in response to both acute and prolonged hypoxia, the latter treatment shifting the threshold for this reduction to a higher oxygen level. a concomitant increase in the rate of lactate production did not compens ... | 2000 | 10667979 |
| two-step purification method of vitellogenin from three teleost fish species: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), gudgeon (gobio gobio) and chub (leuciscus cephalus). | a two-step purification protocol was developed to purify rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin (vtg) and was successfully applied to vtg of chub (leuciscus cephalus) and gudgeon (gobio gobio). capture and intermediate purification were performed by anion-exchange chromatography on a resource q column and a polishing step was performed by gel permeation chromatography on superdex 200 column. this method is a rapid two-step purification procedure that gave a pure solution of vtg as asse ... | 2000 | 10681036 |
| sulphaemoglobin formation in fish: a comparison between the haemoglobin of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). | a method for the quantitative determination of sulphaemoglobin (shb) in a mixture of haemoglobin derivatives by spectral deconvolution is described. shb formation was studied in haemolysates and in red blood cells of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). addition of sulphide caused the formation of shb in haemolysates of both animals. however, haemoglobin from common carp was much less sensitive to sulphide than was ... | 2000 | 10683164 |
| a nose-to-nose comparison of the physiological effects of exposure to ionic silver versus silver chloride in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | physiological mechanisms of silver toxicity (as silver nitrate) to the sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (96 h lc50: 10.2 µg silver l(-1), in soft, low chloride water) and the more tolerant european eel (anguilla anguilla)(96 h lc50: 34.4 µg silver l(-1), in the same water) were investigated during acute exposure to silver, using concentrations varying from 3 to 22 µg silver l(-1). silver was present either predominantly in the form of ionic silver, or in the form of silver chloride ... | 2000 | 10686336 |
| naked dna vaccination of atlantic salmon salmo salar against ihnv. | a naked plasmid dna encoding the glycoprotein (pcmv4-g) of a 1976 isolate of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) obtained from steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss was used to vaccinate atlantic salmon salmo salar against ihnv. eight weeks post-vaccination the fish were challenged with a strain of ihnv originally isolated from farmed atlantic salmon undergoing an epizootic. fish injected with the glycoprotein-encoding plasmid were significantly (p < 0.05) protected against ihnv by both immer ... | 1999 | 10686669 |
| the acute toxicity of surfactants on fish cells, daphnia magna and fish-a comparative study. | there is a need to replace acute toxicity tests on fish (lc(50)) with more cost effective assays. the main objective of this study was to explore whether gill epithelial cells, hepatocytes and daphnia magna could be used to predict acute toxicity of surfactants on fish. the acute toxicity of 10 synthetic surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic) and two resin acids were determined on hepatocytes and gill epithelial cells from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), on daphnia magna ... | 2000 | 10699362 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution and sequence analysis of complete glucokinase cdnas from gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the enzyme glucokinase (gk) (ec 2.7.1.1) plays an important role in the control of glucose homeostasis. qualitative and/or quantitative variations in gk enzyme have been postulated by previous studies to explain why dietary carbohydrate utilisation is lower in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in common carp (cyprinus carpio). in this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a full-length cdna coding for gk in these teleosts. amino acid ... | 2000 | 10699491 |
| brain blood flow during hypercapnia in fish: no role of nitric oxide. | very little is known about the regulation of cerebral blood flow (cbf) in lower vertebrates, especially fish. in mammals, hypercapnia causes cerebral vasodilation and increased cbf through mechanisms that involve the production of nitric oxide (no). we have used epi-illumination microscopy in vivo to observe effects of hypercapnia on venular erythrocyte velocity, used as an index of cbf velocity, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and crucian carp (carassius carassius). rainbow trout exposed ... | 2000 | 10700569 |
| psychrobacters and related bacteria in freshwater fish. | three phenotypic identification systems were employed to identify 106 strains of gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic bacteria obtained during iced storage of wild (salmo trutta and esox lucius) and farmed (oncorhynchus mykiss) freshwater fish. using diagnostic tables and computer-assisted identification, the isolates were psychrobacter (64 strains), acinetobacter (24 strains), moraxella (6 strains), chryseobacterium (5 strains), myroides odoratus (2 strains), flavobacterium (1 strain), empedobacte ... | 2000 | 10716558 |
| marine netpen farming leads to infections with some unusual parasites. | marine netpen farming of salmonid fishes is a rapidly growing industry in several countries. with this relatively recent industry, new or unusual infections by parasitic pathogens have been observed. this is due to different hosts being reared in new geographic areas, or by indigenous species being reared in a different environmental condition, i.e. the marine netpen. examples of the former include kudoa thyrsites (myxozoa) and hemobaphes disphaerocephalus (copepoda) infections in atlantic salmo ... | 2000 | 10719125 |
| isoleucine-15 of rainbow trout carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is critical for coenzyme (nadph) binding. | carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (cr/20beta-hsd) is an enzyme that converts 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (the maturation-inducing hormone of salmonid fish). we have previously isolated two types of cr/20beta-hsd cdnas from ovarian follicle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). recombinant proteins produced by expression in escherichia coli in vitro showed that one (type a) had cr and 20beta-hsd activity but that the other ( ... | 2000 | 10725344 |
| specific binding of [3h]ketanserin to hypothalamus membranes of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | this study examines the existence and pharmacological specificity of [3h]ketanserin binding in hypothalamus of juvenile rainbow trout. hypothalamic membranes were incubated with [3h]ketanserin (selective 5ht2 antagonist) under several experimental conditions; reactions were terminated by filtration and bound radioactivity was counted by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. tissue dilution experiments revealed that specific [3h]ketanserin binding (b(sp)) was tissue dependent; 1 hypothalamus equival ... | 2000 | 10741761 |
| the effects of acute hypoxia on chemically or neuronally induced catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in situ and in vivo. | the potential direct and modulating effects of acute hypoxia on catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were assessed in situ, using a perfused cardinal vein preparation, and in vivo, using chronically cannulated fish. acute (10 min) perfusion with hypoxic (p(o2)<10 mmhg) saline or homologous hypoxic blood did not have a statistically significant effect on basal (non-stimulated) catecholamine secretion. a field stimulation technique was used to excite the sympathetic nerve ... | 2000 | 10751164 |
| expression of two vacuolar-type atpase b subunit isoforms in swimbladder gas gland cells of the european eel: nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences. | the poly(a)(+) rna of swimbladder gas gland cells of the european eel anguilla anguilla was isolated and used for cdna synthesis. using a pair of degenerate pcr primers directed towards the evolutionary highly conserved central part of the b subunit of vacuolar type h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) a fragment of 388 bp was amplified. by sequencing the cloned pcr products two different amplicons with a sequence identity of about 86% were obtained. blastn searches revealed a high degree of similarity of bot ... | 2000 | 10760576 |
| desensitisation of chromaffin cell nicotinic receptors does not impede catecholamine secretion during acute hypoxia in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | experiments were performed on adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in vivo using chronically cannulated fish and in situ using a perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation (i) to characterise the desensitisation of chromaffin cell nicotinic receptors and (ii) to assess the ability of fish to secrete catecholamines during acute hypoxia with or without functional nicotinic receptors. intra-arterial injection of nicotine (6.0x10(-)(7 )mol kg(-)(1)) caused a rapid increase in plasma adrenalin ... | 2000 | 10769221 |
| microcystin-lr toxicodynamics, induced pathology, and immunohistochemical localization in livers of blue-green algae exposed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | with this retrospective study, we investigated the temporal pattern of toxin exposure and pathology, as well as the topical relationship between hepatotoxic injury and localization of microcystin-lr, a potent hepatotoxin, tumor promoter, and inhibitor of protein phosphatases-1 and -2a (pp), in livers of mc-gavaged rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) yearlings, using an immunohistochemical detection method and mc-specific antibodies. h&e stains of liver sections were used to determine pathologica ... | 2000 | 10774818 |
| the effect of short term confinement stress on binding characteristics of sex steroid binding protein (sbp) in female black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effect of short term confinement stress on sex steroid binding protein (sbp) binding characteristics was examined in female black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). black bream were sampled immediately after capture from the wild and again after 1, 6 or 24 h confinement. rainbow trout were sampled before and after 5 h confinement. confinement of black bream for 6 h after capture significantly reduced the binding capacity of sbp. binding affinity also ten ... | 2000 | 10779734 |
| mx mrna expression and rflp analysis of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss genetic crosses selected for susceptibility or resistance to ihnv. | three interferon-inducible mx genes have been identified in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and their roles in virus resistance have yet to be determined. in mice, expression of the mx1 protein is associated with resistance to influenza virus. we report a study to determine whether there was a correlation between the expression of mx in rainbow trout and resistance to a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). a comparison of mx mrna expression was made between differe ... | 2000 | 10785857 |
| an rt-pcr-based method for the diagnosis of the sleeping disease virus in experimentally and naturally infected salmonids. | the sleeping disease (sd) of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is a worldwide disease for which the causative agent, the sleeping disease virus (sdv), has been recently characterized as an atypical alphavirus (villoing et al. 2000). up to now, no diagnostic tools were available and thus no epidemiological studies have been undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of this disease on the field. we present in this paper a sensitive and highly specific 1 working day method, which allows the detection ... | 2000 | 10785859 |
| evidence for leptin expression in fishes. | tissues from bony fish were screened with anti-mouse leptin antibodies to detect the presence of the fat-regulating hormone in fishes. low molecular-weight (16 kda) immunoreactive bands were detected in blood, brain, heart and liver of green sunfish (lepomis cyanellus), bluegill sunfish (lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides), white crappie (pomonix annularis), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to further verify that we had ide ... | 2000 | 10797324 |
| a mineralocorticoid-like receptor in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: cloning and characterization of its steroid binding domain. | using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rt-pcr) with degenerate primers followed by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends pcr (3'race-pcr) we have isolated a new fish steroid receptor cdna sequence of 1806 bp from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testis. this sequence has clear homology with various mineralocorticoid receptor cdna sequences (rat, human, african toad: 68-70% amino acid identity), and encompasses the second part of dna binding domain (c domain), the whole hin ... | 2000 | 10802282 |
| a precerebellin-like protein is part of the acute phase response in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the acute phase response (apr) has a long evolutionary history, but it remains to be characterized fully in lower vertebrates. to study the acute phase proteins of a teleost, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), we induced an apr by injecting vibrio bacterin emulsified in fia. in samples taken over the next 3 weeks, the total plasma protein profile changed consistently as seen in one and two-dimensional sds page. one 18.1 kd upregulated protein was isolated from 2d gels and an n-terminal sequenc ... | 2000 | 10831794 |
| slow muscle function of pacific bonito (sarda chiliensis) during steady swimming. | the pacific bonito, sarda chiliensis, is anatomically intermediate between mackerel and tuna. the specialisations exhibited by tuna are present in the bonito, but to a lesser degree. slow-twitch muscle strain and activity patterns were determined during steady swimming (tailbeat frequency 1.2-3.2 hz) at four locations on the body of sarda chiliensis using sonomicrometry and electromyography. both strain and the phase of electromygraphic activity were independent of tailbeat frequency. the strain ... | 2000 | 10851117 |
| stable expression of a foreign gene, delivered by gene gun, in the muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the efficient delivery of a foreign gene into muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with a gene gun. the foreign gene was a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). two cat-containing plasmids were used: pcmv-cat, which contains cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, and psv2-cat, which contains the simian virus 40 early promoter. all plasmids were introduced by particle bombardment using a gene gun. during the 90-day sampling period following bombardment, cat w ... | 2000 | 10852804 |
| inhibition of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor activity by cadmium. | this study was conducted to determine if the cadmium-mediated inhibition of vitellogenesis observed in fish collected from contaminated areas or undergoing experimental exposure to cadmium correlated with modification in the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor. a recombinant yeast system expressing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estradiol receptor or human estradiol receptor was used to evaluate the direct effect of cadmium exposure on estradiol receptor transcriptional activi ... | 2000 | 10859267 |
| expression of clock gene in the brain of rainbow trout: comparison with the distribution of melatonin receptors. | to identify brain structures potentially acting as biological clocks in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the expression sites of a trout homolog of the mouse clock gene were studied and compared with that of melatonin receptors (mel-r). for this purpose, a partial sequence of the trout clock gene, including a pas domain, was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and used to perform in situ hybridization. the highest density of clock transcripts was observed in the periv ... | 2000 | 10861529 |
| recombinant prolactin receptor extracellular domain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): subcloning, preparation, and characterization. | the cdna of the extracellular domain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) prolactin receptor (trprlr-ecd) was cloned in the prokaryotic expression vector pmon to enable its expression in escherichia coli after induction with nalidixic acid. the bacterially expressed trprlr-ecd protein, contained within the refractile body pellet, was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded, and purified on a q-sepharose column, ph 8, by stepwise elution with nacl. the bioactive monomeric 26-kda fraction was eluted ... | 2000 | 10890569 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c: expression in escherichia coli and properties of the recombinant protease inhibitor. | cystatins are a superfamily of low ki cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in both plants and animals. cystatin c, a secreted molecule of this family, is of interest from biochemical and evolutionary points of view, and also has biotechnological applications. recently we cloned and sequenced the cdna for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c [li et al., 1998. molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression distribution of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c. comp. biochem ... | 2000 | 10904862 |
| genomic analysis of the vitellogenin locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) reveals a complex history of gene amplification and retroposon activity. | vitellogenins (vtg) are the major yolk proteins in most oviparous organisms. they are encoded by a small number of genes--between one and four depending on the species. characterization of the vtg region in the genome of the rainbow trout reveals unusual features, however, in that this locus contains twenty complete genes and ten pseudogenes per haploid genome. the vtg genes differ from each other by insertion, deletion and rearrangement events, although, at the sequence level, they show a high ... | 2000 | 10905350 |
| isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to discriminate between differently contaminated small river systems. | isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to native waters and acetone sediment extracts of krähenbach and körsch, two small rivers in south-west germany with different levels of chemical contamination, and were investigated by means of electron microscopic and enzyme biochemical techniques to evaluate sublethal cytotoxic effects. between both rivers as well as between free water phase and sediment, significant differences in the toxic burden could be detected. res ... | 2000 | 10906443 |
| myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed under natural stream conditions. | from early april into mid-june 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. following incubation in a m. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. a grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. percentage ... | 2000 | 10907859 |
| dietary low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal affects thyroid status and nutrient utilization in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two rapeseed (brassica napus) meals, rm1 and rm2, with two levels of glucosinolates (gls; 5 and 41 mumol/g dm respectively) were incorporated at the levels of 300 and 500 g/kg of the diets of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in replacement of fish meal, and compared with a fish-meal-based diet. a decrease in the digestibility of the dm, protein, gross energy and p was observed with high-rapeseed meal (rm) incorporation. in trout fed on rm-based diets, growth performance was reduced e ... | 2000 | 10911774 |
| action of adenosine on energetics, protein synthesis and k(+) homeostasis in teleost hepatocytes. | in a comparative study, we analysed the effects of adenosine on the energetics, protein synthesis and k(+ )homeostasis of hepatocytes from the anoxia-tolerant goldfish carassius auratus and the anoxia-intolerant trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the rate of oxygen consumption did not respond immediately to the addition of adenosine to the cells from either species, but showed a significant decrease in trout hepatocytes after 30 min. the anaerobic rate of lactate formation was not significantly affected ... | 2000 | 10934006 |
| in vitro modulation of fish phagocytic cells by beta-endorphin. | the activation of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus carpio, phagocytic cells by synthetic chum salmon, o. keta, beta-endorphin was analysed in vitro. rainbow trout head kidney leukocytes were cultured in rpmi 1640 medium containing 1, 10, 50 or 100 ng ml-1 of chum salmon beta-endorphin and the production of superoxide anion was measured via the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) in vitro. macrophages incubated with 10 ng ml-1 up to 100 ng ml-1 of beta-endorphin showed ... | 2000 | 10938734 |
| trichodinid ciliates (peritrichia: trichodinidae) from the bay of kiel, with description of trichodina claviformis sp. n. | investigations on the epizoic fauna of gadus morhua (l.), platichthys flesus (l.) and oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) from the kiel fjord and kiel bight were carried out from september 1996 to march 1997. smears from 120 g. morhua and 92 p. flesus caught using fish traps and trammel nets, and of 35 o. mykiss obtained from a local fish farm in the kiel fjord revealed the presence of three species of trichodinid ciliates, trichodina claviformiis sp. n., trichodina jadranica haider, 1964 and trichodi ... | 2000 | 10945730 |
| four species of digeneans, including allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae), from freshwater fishes of patagonia, argentina. | four species of adult digeneans are reported from freshwater fishes of two lakes in neuquén, patagonia, argentina. allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of percichthys colhuapiensis macdonagh and percichthys trucha (cuvier et valenciennes) (percichthyidae) from lago aluminé. three species redescribed are: acanthostomoides apophalliformis szidat, 1956 (acanthostomidae) from the intestine of p. colhuapiensis and p. trucha from lago aluminé and of salmo tr ... | 2000 | 10945735 |
| effect of flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites on the oxidative activity of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss phagocytes. | the oxidative activity of rainbow trout phagocytes was studied using a chemiluminescence technique using 12 different flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites. phagocytes were obtained from the head kidney of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the addition of viable f. psychrophilum or their metabolites to the phagocytes resulted in an immediate chemiluminescence response. the stimulating effects of both the f. psychrophilum and their metabolites on the phagocytes were found to ... | 2000 | 10950179 |
| morphological and functional development of the thyroid tissue in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. | the development of the thyroid tissue in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos between 20 and 88 days postfertilization (dpf) was studied using traditional histological methods in combination with immunostaining using antibodies raised against l-thyroxine (t4) and triiodo-l-thyronine (t3). in 20 dpf embryos, the thyroid primordium appeared as a simple tube aligned with the dorsal surface of the ventral aorta. the tubular primordium becomes progressively bifurcated at each end and follicles ... | 2000 | 10955719 |
| molecular detection of an ehrlichia-like agent in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from northern california. | ehrlichia dna was identified by nested pcr in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) collected from a creek in northern california where potomac horse fever is endemic. ehrlichia dna was found in tissues from several organs including the gills, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestine of trout and from three different adult digenetic trematodes (deropegus sp., crepidostomum sp., creptotrema sp.) parasitizing the gallbladder and/or the intestine of the trout. sequencing of pcr-amplified dna from ... | 2000 | 10962157 |
| apolipoprotein cii from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is functionally active but structurally very different from mammalian apolipoprotein cii. | apolipoprotein cii (apocii) plays an important role in plasma lipid metabolism as an activator for lipoprotein lipase (lpl). we have amplified and sequenced apocii cdna from rainbow trout. amino acid sequence analyses confirmed that this sequence corresponded to the protein that had apocii activity. northern blot analyses showed that apocii mrna was present in both liver and intestine, but the level in intestine was very low. two major transcripts (800 and 600bp) were found. the predicted amino ... | 2000 | 10974550 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-mediated control of catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the aim of the present investigation was to assess the relative contributions of cholinergic (acetylcholine) and non-cholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) neurotransmitters in the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from the chromaffin tissue lining the posterior cardinal vein of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). using an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation, it was demonstrated th ... | 2000 | 10974664 |
| dmrt1 expression during gonadal differentiation and spermatogenesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | dmrt1 has been suggested to be the first conserved gene involved in sex differentiation found from invertebrates to human. to gain insight on its implication for fish gonadal differentiation, we cloned a dmrt1 homologue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (rtdmrt1), and showed that this gene is expressed during testicular differentiation, but not during ovarian differentiation. after 10 days of steroid treatment, expression was shown to be decreased in estrogen-treated male differentiating ... | 2000 | 10978520 |
| cloning, characterization and genomic structure of the natural killer cell enhancement factor (nkef)-like gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | natural killer cell enhancement factor (nkef) belongs to the antioxidant protein family. in the human, nkef has the ability to enhance natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in vitro. in the present work, the cdnas of nkef from three strains of homozygous clones of rainbow trout were cloned from the splenic cdna library of one of the strains, osu142, and then by rt-pcr for the hot creek (hc) and arlee (ar) strains. the hc sequence has 99% sequence identity with both osu142 and ar. osu142 and ar ... | 2001 | 10980317 |
| ultraviolet irradiation inactivates the waterborne infective stages of myxobolus cerebralis: a treatment for hatchery water supplies. | the effects of ultraviolet (uv) irradiation on the viability of the waterborne triactinomyxon stages of myxobolus cerebralis were evaluated by vital staining and the infectivity for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. a dose of 1300 mws cm-2 was required to inactivate 100% of the triactinomyxons held under a static collimated beam of uv as determined by vital staining. juvenile rainbow trout were protected from infections with m. cerebralis when exposed to 14,000 or 1400 triactinomyxon s ... | 2000 | 10986645 |
| difficulties in experimental infection studies with flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using immersion, oral and anal challenges. | this study was carried out in order to try to establish an efficacious and reliable experimental infection model for flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, using contact, oral and anal challenges. ten f psychrophilum strains of different origin were included. the influence of water temperature, scarification, water quality, stress and growth conditions of the pathogen on the experimental infection was assessed. for each challenge protocol, all strains fa ... | 2000 | 11020369 |
| invertebrate and fish cytokines. | cytokine-like molecules are well described in invertebrates, although most recent studies have revealed that there is analogy, rather than homology, between invertebrate and vertebrate cytokine-like activities. cytokines certainly appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates, dating back some 400 millions years. here, evidence will be reviewed and updated of the presence of these molecules in jawed fish and in particular, in bony fish, which represent the oldest group displaying true functiona ... | 2000 | 11022118 |
| isolation and characterization of novel glycoproteins from fish epidermal mucus: correlation between their pore-forming properties and their antibacterial activities. | in fish, a layer of mucus covers the external body surface contributing therefore, among other important biological functions, to the defense system of fish. the prevention of colonization by aquatic parasites, bacteria and fungi is mediated both by immune system compounds (igm, lysozyme, etc.) and by antibacterial peptides and polypeptides. we have recently shown that only the hydrophobic components of crude epidermal mucus of fresh water and sea water fish exhibit strong pore-forming propertie ... | 2000 | 11030587 |
| in vitro effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) on cell-mediated immunity in fish. | beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate(hmb) has been shown to counteract many of the negative effects of intensive animal production methods and results in increased growth and protection against diseases. in the present study, the effect of hmb on the immunocompetence cell activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (cyprinus carpio) was examined. pronephric phagocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from the fish and grown in culture medium (rpmi-1640) containing either 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, ... | 2000 | 11044553 |
| binding characteristics of [3h]17beta-estradiol in the hypothalamus of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | gonadal steroids in the salmonid brain, acting through cellular receptors, may be responsible for the modulation of neuronal activity and organization of reproductive behaviors. we report our findings on the use of [3h]17beta-estradiol (e2) to identify intracellular estrogen receptors (ers) in the hypothalamus of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. specific binding (b(sp)) of [3h]e2 was tissue dependent between 0.5 and 2.25 hypothalamus equivalents for cytosol and nuclear extract prepar ... | 2000 | 11048682 |
| ca(2+) binding to cardiac troponin c: effects of temperature and ph on mammalian and salmonid isoforms. | a reduction in temperature lowers the ca(2+) sensitivity of skinned cardiac myofilaments but this effect is attenuated when native cardiac troponin c (ctnc) is replaced with skeletal tnc. this suggests that conformational differences between the two isoforms mediate the influence of temperature on contractility. to investigate this phenomenon, the functional characteristics of bovine ctnc (bctnc) and that from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, a cold water salmonid (sctnc), have been compared. ... | 2000 | 11049853 |
| cloning, sequencing, and analysis of expression of a second il-1beta gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the full-length sequence of a second il-1beta gene (il-1beta2) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been obtained. as with the first il-1beta gene, il-1beta2 is organized into six exons/five introns. there are only small differences in their intron/exon sizes, with the exception of intron 3, which is 334 bp smaller in il-1beta2. the transcript encoded by the il-1beta2 gene contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 121 bp, followed by a 762-bp open reading frame and a 518-bp 3'utr. the 3'u ... | 2000 | 11061285 |
| cloning, mapping and genomic organization of a fish c-type lectin gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | utilizing a splenic cdna library and rapid amplification of cdna 5' ends (5'-race), a c-type lectin gene was cloned from a homozygous cloned rainbow trout. the 1176 bp cdna contains a 714 bp open reading frame from which a 238-amino-acid (aa) (27 kda) protein was deduced. it was confirmed that this protein belongs to the c-type animal lectins, and is a type ii membrane receptor. the predicted protein from this sequence contains a 48 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 20 aa transmembrane domain (tm), a 46 ... | 2000 | 11072064 |
| genetic analyses reveal unusually high diversity of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout aquaculture. | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is the most significant virus pathogen of salmon and trout in north america. previous studies have shown relatively low genetic diversity of ihnv within large geographical regions. in this study, the genetic heterogeneity of 84 ihnv isolates sampled from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) over a 20 year period at four aquaculture facilities within a 12 mile stretch of the snake river in idaho, usa was investigated. the virus isolates were characte ... | 2000 | 11086112 |
| responses of cloned rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to an attenuated strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | the objective of this work was to examine the response of homozygous clones of rainbow trout to vaccination by an attenuated strain (nan scott lake; nsl) of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). adult rainbow trout of the hot creek strain (yy males maintained in a recirculating system at 12 degrees c) were injected 3 times with 10(5) to 10(7) plaque forming units (pfu) of nsl. intraperitoneal injections were given at day 0 and at 2 and 4 mo post-infection. all fish were nonlethally ble ... | 2000 | 11104067 |
| standardization of experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum, the agent of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fry syndrome. | rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) is a septicaemic infection of young rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss occurring at low temperatures and responsible for severe economic losses in european fish farming. the causative agent, flavobacterium psychrophilum, is a gliding bacterium, and difficulties in culturing it have long been an impediment to investigations on pathogenesis and immunity. successful attempts at experimentally inducing the disease have been reported, but no experimental model resulti ... | 2000 | 11104070 |
| prolonged in vitro cultivation of ichthyophthirius multifiliis using an epc cell line as substrate. | the ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which normally requires a fish host to develop from the theront stage to the trophont stage, was cultivated in vitro for part of its life cycle. experiments were conducted using a laboratory strain of the parasite originally isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in a danish trout farm. theronts escaping from tomontocysts were kept in water, cell culture media (e-mem or l-15), or cultures of epc (epithelioma papulosum cyprini) cells in plastic t ... | 2000 | 11104073 |
| acute and chronic influence of temperature on red blood cell anion exchange. | unidirectional (36)cl(-) efflux via the red blood cell anion exchanger was measured under cl(-) self-exchange conditions (i.e. no net flow of anions) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and red-eared freshwater turtle trachemys scripta to examine the effects of acute temperature changes and acclimation temperature on this process. we also evaluated the possible adaptation of anion exchange to different temperature regimes by including our previously published data on other animals. an acute tem ... | 2001 | 11104709 |
| cloning and characterization of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) type ii interleukin-1 receptor cdna. | a homologue of mammalian type ii interleukin-1 receptor (il-1rii) was isolated from a rainbow trout cdna library by differential hybridization using a suppression subtractive hybridization generated probe enriched for sequences upregulated after immune stimulation. the trout cdna has an orf encoding 441 amino acids, and represents the first piscine il-1 receptor described. the predicted amino-acid sequence has 29 and 26% identity with human and mouse il-1rii, respectively. the trout il-1 recepto ... | 2000 | 11106413 |
| in vivo effect of eicar (5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-carboxamide) on experimental infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) fry with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. | the in vivo antiviral effect of 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-carboxamide (eicar) was evaluated in coho salmon and rainbow trout fry, experimentally infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). treatment consisted of a daily bath of 2 h in 0.4 microg ml(-1) or 0.8 microg ml(-1) of eicar, for approximately 20 days. the behavior of the fish was studied for 45 days post-infection. the survival of the infected treated groups was compared with the survival of non-infected an ... | 2000 | 11114414 |
| transgenic rainbow trout expressed sgnrh-antisense rna under the control of sgnrh promoter of atlantic salmon. | a recombinant vector containing antisense dna complementary to atlantic salmon (salmo salar) sgnrh cdna driven by specific promoter pab derived from a corresponding sgnrh gene was introduced into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. this resulted in transgenic animals that had integrated one copy of the transgene into their genome and transmitted it through the germline. antisense-sgnrh mrna (as) was expressed mainly in the brain of transgenic as(+) fish. levels of sgnrh endogenous mrna in ... | 2000 | 11116212 |
| detection of plasmalogen from plasma low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in carp, cyprinus carpio, and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the study revealed the presence of plasmalogens in the low density lipoprotein (ldl) and high density lipoprotein (hdl) of the fish. the composition of the plasmalogen in the carp plasma ldl phospholipids was 0.94 and 0.23% in the hdl; the ldl phospholipids in the rainbow trout were 0.44% and the hdl was 0.18%. aldehydes from the plasmalogen were derivatized with dansylhydrazides and separated by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). their presence was detected using a fluorescence dete ... | 2000 | 11118943 |
| differences in binding characteristics of sex steroid binding protein in reproductive and nonreproductive female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri), and greenback flounder (rhombosolea tapirina). | the binding characteristics of sex steroid binding protein (sbp) were investigated in vitellogenic and nonreproductive female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri), and greenback flounder (rhombosolea tapirina). the binding capacity of rainbow trout and black bream sbp was significantly greater in vitellogenic than in nonreproductive-stage fish. a decrease in binding affinity was observed in male trout injected with estradiol (e(2)) compared to control fish. t ... | 2000 | 11121290 |
| evolutionary and physiological variation in cardiac troponin c in relation to thermal strategies of fish. | striated muscle contraction is initiated when troponin c (tnc) binds ca(2+), which activates actinomyosin atpase. we investigated (i) the variation between cardiac tnc (ctnc) primary structure within teleost fish and (ii) the pattern of tnc expression in response to temperature acclimation. there were few differences between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares), yellow perch (perca flavescens), goldfish (carassius auratus), white sucker (catostomus commersoni), ... | 2000 | 11121357 |
| a comparison of myocardial beta-adrenoreceptor density and ligand binding affinity among selected teleost fishes. | this study quantified the cell surface beta-adrenoreceptor density and ligand binding affinity in the ventricular tissue of seven teleost species; skipjack tuna (katsowonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares), pacific mackerel (scomber japonicus), mahimahi (dolphin fish; coryphaena hippurus), sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and an antarctic nototheniid (trematomus bernacchii). beta-adrenoreceptor density varied by almost fourfold among these spec ... | 2000 | 11128445 |
| first isolation of an aquatic birnavirus from farmed and wild fish species in australia. | during routine sampling and testing, as part of a systematic surveillance program (the tasmanian salmonid health surveillance program), an aquatic birnavirus was isolated from 'pin-head' (fish exhibiting deficient acclimatisation on transfer to saltwater) atlantic salmon salmo salar, approximately 18 mo old, farmed in net-pens located in macquarie harbour on the west coast of tasmania, australia. the isolate grows readily in a range of fish cell lines including chse-214, rtg-2 and bf-2 and is ne ... | 2000 | 11129376 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum, invasion into and shedding by rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the infection route of flavobacterium psychrophilum into rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied using bath and cohabitation challenges as well as oral challenge with live feed as a vector. additionally, the number of bacterial cells shed by infected fish into the surrounding water was determined in the cohabitation experiment and in challenge experiments at 3 different water temperatures. the experiments showed that skin and skin mucus abrasion dramatically enhanced the invasion of f. psy ... | 2000 | 11129378 |