Publications

calcium binding sites of rabbit troponin and carp parvalbumin.		1975	1225590
[morphofunctional types of synapses in the neurosecretory cells of the carp preoptic nucleus].	the ultrastructure of synaptic endings of the neurosecretory cells of the nucleus preopticus was examined in adult cyprinus carpio l. two of synpatic endings occur: type i--small agranular vesicles and large granular vesicles, type ii--only agranular vesicles. the functioning of the nucleus preopticus neurosecretory cells in cyprinus carpio l is presumably controlled by the synpatic endings of the adrenergic (synaptic endings of type i) as well as of the cholinergic (synaptic endings of type ii) ...	2005	1231093
[electromyographical studies on the swimming movement of carp. ii. pectoral fin movement (author's transl)].		1975	1237055
refinement of the structure of carp muscle calcium-binding parvalbumin by model building and difference fourier analysis.		1975	1237625
quantification of phase improvement in the tangent formula application to carp muscle calcium-binding protein.		1975	1237626
terbium replacement of calcium in carp muscle calcium-binding parvalbumin: an x-ray crystallographic study.		1975	1237627
[effects of transections and electrical coagulations in the medulla oblongata upon the activities in the respiratory muscles of the crucian carp (author's transl)].	the following conclusions may be drawn from the results in this work. the respiratory cycles are formed by the neuronal machinery in the reticular formation under the posterior part of the vagal motor nucleus. the motor neurones or the neuronal networks composing the motor nucleus of the respiratory muscles tonically discharge the action potentials, when the neurones or the networks are released from the inhibitory influences of the interneurones connecting the neuronal machinery to the motor ne ...	1975	1238557
ultrastructural aspects of mature cyprinus carpio erythrocytes.		1975	1242080
two-way selection for growth rate in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.)	the domesticated european carp was subjected to a two-way selection for growth rate. five generations of mall selection for faster growth rate did not yield any response, but subsequent selection between groups (families) resulted in considerable progress while maintaining a large genetic variance. selection for slow growth rate yielded relatively strong response for the first three generations. random-bred control lines suffered from strong inbreeding depression and when two lines were crossed, ...	1976	1248737
stimulation of carp interrenal function by adrenocorticotrophin.	the effect of acth on cortisol concentration in the plasma of the carp has been studied; cortisol was determined using a competitive protein-binding radioassay. blood was sampled at 12.00 h (the diurnal minimum) by cardiac puncture. the plasma cortisol level of undisturbed carp (blood obtained 1--3 min after netting) was 16 +/- 14 (s.e.m.) ng/ml. one hour after injection of acth (1-0 i.u./100 g body wt., i.m.) the level of cortisol increased to 415 +/- 62 ng/ml and reached a maximum of 656 +/- 6 ...	1976	1255049
re-examination of horizontal cells in the carp retina with procion yellow electrode.		1976	1258385
polymorphism of transferrin in carp (cyprinus carpio l.): genetic determination, isolation, and partial characterization.	seven transferrin variants (a,b,c,d,e,f, and g) have been found in carp sera (cyprinus carpio l.). genetic analysis involves five variants and agrees with the hypothesis of simple codominant autosomal inheritance at one transferrin (tf) locus in spite of the fact that the carp is a tetraploid in relation to other species of the same family. carp populations from three regions were studied which differed in gene frequencies. individual populations were in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. the polymorph ...	1976	1259703
effects of calcitonin and ultimobranchialectomy (ubx) on calcium and bone metabolism in the eel, anguilla anguilla l.	prolonged administration of synthetic salmon calcitonin (sct) to immature female silver eels, maintained in sea water, provoked a decrease of the serum calcium concentration and an increase of both the osteoblastic apposition and of the degree of mineralization of the intercellular matrix in the vertebral bone. the osteoclastic resorption and osteocytic osteolysis were not significantly affected, however the osteoclastic index was reduced. the ultimobranchial body, site of ct secretion, was caut ...	1976	1260486
a somatotopic and functional representation of the respiratory muscles in the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the place of the cells innervating six most important respiratory muscles in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) were determined by means of the horseradish peroxidase technique. it was found that these muscles are represented in the rostral and caudal subdivisions of the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei. all connections were ipsilateral. the distribution of the various cell populations over the different subnuclei has been related to the function of the respective muscles in the respiratory cycle. ...	1976	1262554
[evoked potentials in the optic tectum of the carp brain upon electric stimulation of the facial nerve].	the evoked potentials in the carp tectum opticum in response to stimulation of the afferent pathway for chemical nonolfactory reception, the facial nerve, are positive deflections of 5-25 ms latency which do not reverse during microelectrode submersion. according to the evoked potential amplitude and latent period 7 active zones were distingnished in the ipsilateral tectum differing from each other either in one or in both parameters. the dependence of the response evoked by facial nerve stimula ...	1976	1264291
distribution of selected metals in tissue sample of carp, cyprinus carpio.		1976	1268353
heart rate and locomotor activity in fish: correlation and circadian and circannual differences in cyprinus carpio l.		1976	1269651
biosynthesis of fatty acids by the carp, cyprinus carpio l., in relation to environmental temperature.	incorporation in vivo of sodium 1-14c-acetate into different lipid classes and fatty acids of total lipids and phospholipids of warm adapted and cold adapted carp livers was studied at 5 c and 22 c, respectively. the fatty acid composition of total lipids and phospholipids was also determined. the level of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in both total lipid and phospholipid fraction was higher in cold adapted fish than in warm adapted ones. the distribution of radioactivity among differen ...	1976	1271977
light chains of carp and pike skeletal muscle myosins. isolation and characterization of the most anodic light chain on alkaline ph electrophoresis.		1976	1278404
cutaneous graft-versus-host-like reaction after paternal lymphocyte immunization for prevention of recurrent abortion.	we have presented an immunocompetent patient who, after paternal lymphocyte immunization, developed a gvh-like skin reaction; she recovered spontaneously. this complication is rarely seen. this was the only case observed in our series of over 70 patients immunized. a similar phenomenon was not reported in a larger series by carp and colleagues (1). however, the case deserves special attention because this reaction can be life-threatening. therefore, we suggest that paternal lymphocyte immunizati ...	1992	1290481
deletion 11q23-->qter (jacobsen syndrome). report of three new patients.	three unrelated patients with de novo del 11q23-->qter are reported. clinical features included growth and mental retardation, hypotonia, trigonocephaly, facial dysmorphism with hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, abnormally shaped palpebral fissures, eye globe malformations, depressed nasal bridge, "carp-shaped" mouth, highly arched palate, low set and malformed ears. one patient had congenital heart defect, and reduced platelet count. this syndrome, originally reported by jacobsen, is now corrobo ...	1992	1296516
[purification and characterization of hec toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila].	an extracellular toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila from cultured crucian carp with septicemia was detected. the toxin was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose chromatography and sephadex g-100 gel filtration. the factor was a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 52.5kd determined by sds-page. the heat-stable toxin possesses hemolytic, enterotoxic and cytolytic activities. the hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes was 3.81 x 10(3) hu/mg, cd50 for vero cell w ...	1992	1299032
peptidergic regulation of muscle movements in a prosobranch mollusc, rapana thomasiana.	peptidergic regulation of the contraction of radula muscles and the heart beat in a prosobranch mollusc, rapana thomasiana was investigated. in the radula muscles, fmrfamide-related peptides were suggested to act on presynaptic sites to enhance their contraction elicited by nerve stimulation, possibly by increasing the release of a main transmitter. a catch-relaxing peptide (carp) was demonstrated to depress the contraction by acting on postsynaptic sites. in the heart, fmrfamide enhanced the am ...	1992	1299108
protease activities in carp retina.	protease of carp retina were examined by electrophoresis and fluorogenic assays. a 70 kd serine protease with an alkaline ph optimum was detected in gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels. a similar enzyme was found in carp brain and muscle, but not in lens. using aminomethylcoumarin (mca) substrates, activities that hydrolysed z-phe-arg-mca, boc-ala-gly-pro-arg-mca and various aminoacyl-mcas were detected. the z-phe-arg-mca hydrolase was an acidic cysteine protease, whereas the boc-ala-gly-pro- ...	1992	1303734
chemical identification of catfish growth hormone and prolactin.	isolation and primary structure of growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) from the pituitary gland of catfish (ictalurus punctatus) are described. alkaline extract of the pituitary glands was fractionated by gel filtration on sephadex g-75, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on octadecyl silica ods. catfish gh and prl were identified by western blotting with antisera against chum salmon gh and prl. the catfish gh consists of ...	1992	1308206
isolation and sequence analysis of carp gonadotropin beta-subunit gene.	using the cdna encoding the beta subunit of carp gonadotropin (cgth-beta) as a probe, 14 clones containing cgth-beta gene have been isolated from a carp genomic library. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the transcriptional unit of the cgth-beta gene is 1.2 kb. similar to mammalian gth-beta genes, cgth-beta gene contains three exons and two introns. the locations of the exon/intron junctions also correspond to those of mammalian gth-beta gene. using the primer extension assay, the star ...	1992	1308812
introducing foreign genes into fish eggs with electroporated sperm as a carrier.	a new method has been developed for introduction of foreign genes into fish eggs. the procedure is based on the incubation of fish sperm cells suspended in dilute citrate solution with plasmid dna, followed by application of high-field-strength electrical pulses (electroporation) to increase dna binding., uptake, or both. tissue homogenates and genomic dna extracts of free swimming fry developed from eggs fertilized with treated sperm was tested to evaluate the efficiency of gene transfer. dot b ...	2012	1308817
fish transgene expression by direct injection into fish muscle.	the ability of a promoter sequence to drive expression of a reporter gene can be determined by direct injection of copies of the cloned sequence into fish muscle, followed by biopsy of muscle from the site of injection. we describe a set of experiments in which copies of the constructs fv1 and fv2, both comprising a carp beta-actin promoter sequence spliced to the bacterial reporter gene cat, were injected into the muscle of tilapia fish )oreochromis niloticus) of between 5 and 8 cm body length. ...	1992	1308819
selection of promoters for gene transfer into fish.	a variety of gene constructs containing carp beta-actin regulatory sequences were tested for their ability to drive transient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in 3 fish cell lines: carp epithelial cells (epc), rainbow trout hepatoma cells (rth149), and rainbow trout fibroblasts (rtg2). the constructs showed a wide variation in their levels of expression, and there were significant differences in the effects of transcriptional elements in the 3 cell lines. sequenc ...	2008	1308823
m-phase-specific histone h1 kinase in fish oocytes. purification, components and biochemical properties.	we demonstrate, for the first time in fish, that a ca(2+)-independent and cyclic-nucleotide-independent histone h1 kinase activity oscillates according to the cell cycle of the oocyte, peaking at the first and the second meiotic metaphase with a transient drop between them. the kinase, m-phase-specific histone h1 kinase (m-h1k), was purified from mature carp oocytes by using two exogenous substrates for assaying its activity: histone h1 and a synthetic peptide (sp peptide, kkaakspkkakk) containi ...	1992	1315270
[effects of prolonged darkness and background illumination on cone horizontal cells in carp retina: a correlative study of morphology and physiology].	using intact, immobilized carp preparations, changes in light responsiveness of cone horizontal cells and ultrastructures of their terminals in cone pedicles (hcts) were correlatively examined in prolonged (greater than 2 h) darkness and after the presentation of a dim background light. following background illumination cone horizontal cells exhibit high light responsiveness and hcts give rise to a lot of long, fingerlike or ball-like extensions, called slender or round spinules. when the retina ...	1992	1320293
characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) receptors in the ovary of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) binding sites have been characterized in the fully mature common carp ovary, using an analog of salmon gnrh ([d-arg6,trp7,leu8,pro9-net]-gnrh; sgnrh-a) as a labeled ligand. binding of sgnrh-a to carp follicular membrane preparation was found to be time-, temperature-, and ph-dependent. optimal binding was achieved after 40 min of incubation at 4 degrees c at ph 7.6; binding was found to be unstable at room temperature. binding of radioligand was a function o ...	1992	1325864
phototransduction in cones as examined in excised membrane patch.	phototransduction mechanisms have been so far investigated mostly in rods, whereas those in cones are much less known. in the present experiment, we investigated phototransduction mechanisms in inside-out patches excised from cone outer segments of the carp. cyclic gmp-activated channels on the patch became light-sensitive when both gtp and mg2+ were supplied by perfusion. when the channels were activated by a hydrolysis-resistant analogue of cgmp, activities were not suppressed by light even th ...	1992	1331581
the effects of atp, inorganic phosphate, protons, and lactate on isolated myofibrillar atpase activity.	the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lactate, protons, inorganic phosphate, and atp on myofibrillar atpase activity. myofibrils were isolated from carp (cyprinius carpio l.) fast-twitch white muscle, and myofibrillar atpase activities were assessed under maximal activating calcium levels (pca 4.0) at 10 degrees c in reaction media containing metabolic profiles similar to those seen in fatiguing muscles. the ca(2+)-activated atpase activity was assessed by an atp regenerating a ...	1992	1335356
[the characteristics of carbohydrate transport in the intestines of fresh-water fishes].	the maximal level of carbohydrate transport was found in the proximal portion of the intestine and in the distal one in the bream and carp. after 48-hr starvation the carbohydrate transport was decreased along the whole length of the intestine. anoxia and some inhibiting agents changed the intensity of glucose and galactose transport in the fish intestine.	1992	1335912
dopamine decreases receptive field size of rod-driven horizontal cells in carp retina.	receptive field size of rod-driven horizontal cells (hcs) in the carp retina was measured by the spread of responses to the slit of light stimulus with changing the distance from the recording electrode and it was found to decay with a single exponential function. by perfusing 10 microm dopamine (da) the length constant of rod-driven hcs was reduced to half and the response amplitude in the centre increased approximately two-fold, and the input resistance was markedly increased. this suggests th ...	1992	1337637
low concentrations of neuroactive peptides modulate cholinergic transmission and cyclic amp levels in helix aspersa.	1. fmrfamide and the catch relaxing peptide (carp) at 0.01-0.1 nm modulate acetylcholine (ach) induced currents of identified neurons of helix aspersa, but have no direct effect on membrane current and conductivity. 2. both fmrfamide and carp noncompetitively inhibit ach cl- responses while having either no effect or increasing ach na+/k+ response. 3. the inhibitory effect of fmrfamide and carp on the ach cl- response was eliminated following pretreatment with forskolin (20 microm), an activator ...	1992	1338559
electroporation: a method for transferring genes into the gametes of zebrafish (brachydanio rerio), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and common carp (cyprinus carpio).	recombinant plasmids containing the rous sarcoma virus long-terminal repeat (rsvltr) promoter linked to either rainbow trout (oncorhyncus mykiss) growth hormone 1 (rtgh1) or growth hormone 2 (rtgh2) cdna were linearized and introduced into the fertilized eggs of zebrafish (brachydanio rerio), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and common carp (cyprinus carpio) by both electroporation and microinjection. the latter two species had these rainbow trout constructs (rsvltr-rtgh1cdna or rsvltr-rtg ...	1992	1339228
switches in fish myosin genes induced by environment temperature in muscle of the carp.	fish are cold blooded animals and their muscle function is expected to be greatly affected by environmental temperature. species that live in the antarctic ocean have evolved a different contractile system to fish that live in the tropical waters. in the case of antarctic fish they have a higher specific myofibrillar atpase activity but 'the trade off' seems to be a lower thermal stability. they are thus capable of a greater muscle power output at low temperatures but the lower thermal stability ...	1992	1341032
[production of a carp-based hamburger-like product by reducing the water activity].	the experimental conditions were determined in order to conserve lean fish by means of combined factors based on aw and ph reduction as well as the addition of an antifungal. theoretical aw was determined in formulas containing fish, sodium chloride, glycerol and sorbitol applying a mathematic model. from the results of the prediction, 4 formulas were prepared experimentally with (cyprinus carpio). phosphoric acid was added to the products in order to obtain a 5.5-6.0 ph. the final formulas were ...	1992	1341858
oral absorption of biologically active insulin in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	1. bovine insulin dissolved in 0.05 m deoxycholic acid was absorbed through oral intubation in fish weighing 200-300 g. 2. the peak of absorption appeared in all fish, 30-45 min after intubation and was followed by a gradual decrease. the extent of absorption was extremely variable, with up to a 20-fold difference between individuals. no detectable insulin was found in fish intubated with vehicle. 3. the absorbed hormone retained 17-88% of its lipogenic bioactivity in vitro. the absorbed insulin ...	1992	1347729
mechanisms for anoxic survival in the vertebrate brain.	when energy supplies to the mammalian brain are significantly reduced by anoxia, for a very short time energy requirements are curtailed by such routes as the suppression of synaptic transmission, while energy supply is enhanced by an increase in cerebral blood flow and an increase in glycolysis. the reduction of atp consumption is insufficient to match the greatly curtailed supply of atp coming from anaerobic glycolysis and the hydrolysis of pcr, and within minutes atp falls, there is a loss of ...	1992	1348613
immunochemical characterization of rat testicular asparagine synthetase.	we studied immunochemical properties of rat testicular asparagine synthetase. western blot analysis of testis extract with polyclonal antibody raised against purified asparagine synthetase revealed an immunoreactive band at 62 kda. the pancreas, brain, thymus, and spleen also showed 62-kda bands. the intensities of these bands were roughly proportional to the specific activities of the enzyme in these tissues. the antibody showed some degree of cross-reactivity to asparagine synthetases from hum ...	1992	1349469
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems in test fish--iv. comparative studies of liver microsomal and cytosolic hydrolases.	1. the initial slopes of the substrate-activity curves of several hydrolases were determined in the microsomal and cytosolic fractions of the liver of several fish recommended by oecd for the regulatory testing of chemicals. 2. inter-species differences ranged within a factor of 7-17 for the esterases and reached a factor of 60 for the amidase. guppy and carp appeared endowed with hydrolase activities which, overall, are much higher than zebra fish, trout and golden orfe. 3. the comparison with ...	1992	1350956
effects of hypoxia on renal function in carp, cyprinus carpio.	1. changes in urine and blood properties and heart rate (hr) of carp were investigated during and following hypoxia. 2. when carp were exposed to hypoxic conditions, urine flow in some carp increased immediately. however, it decreased gradually with time. osmotic pressure and na+, cl-, ca2+ and mg2+ levels in urine increased in contrast to urine flow. k+, p, ammonium, and lactic acid levels in urine increased gradually. 3. when carp lost their balance, blood ph and plasma k+ were lower, and rbc, ...	1992	1351452
an initial screen of a series of neuroactive peptides for activity on identified central neurones of helix aspersa.	1. intracellular recordings were made from identified neurones in the suboesophageal ganglia of helix aspersa. seven neuropeptides were tested for activity and their actions compared with acetylcholine and fmrfamide. 2. three peptides isolated from nematodes, af-1, af-2 and pan-1 had mainly inhibitory effects with thresholds of around 1 nm. this inhibition was due to an increase in potassium conductance. 3. the molluscan neuropeptides lssfvriamide, carp and acep-1 were all active on certain neur ...	1992	1363295
development of expression vectors for transgenic fish.	genetic alteration of fish is important for aquatic biotechnology as well as for investigating molecular interactions that occur during vertebrate development. the numerous, large, transparent, and externally fertilized eggs of many fish species make them ideally suitable for genetic manipulation, especially for production of transgenic animals. genetic engineering of fish requires suitable expression vectors. accordingly, we developed two fish expression vectors, fv-1 and fv-2, which contain th ...	2005	1366961
gene expression following transfection of fish cells.	various genes containing different transcriptional regulatory elements (tre) and the bacterial marker gene coding for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase were transfected into several fish cell lines to evaluate the efficiency of expression in comparison with mammalian cells. the cmv and rsv tre were the most efficient non-inducible promoters in directing reporter gene expression. rsv and cmv appeared of similar potency in a stable fish cell line. the human hsp-70 promoter showed high potency in ...	1992	1369156
organization and nucleotide sequence of carp gonadotropin alpha subunit genes.	we have used pcr to amplify and align the sequence of two genes encoding cgth alpha. both genes comprise four exons and three introns. the organization of cgth alpha genes is very similar to that of mammalian gth alpha genes. however, the cgth alpha genes only span a region of 1.2 kb which is much smaller than those mammalian gth alpha genes.	2003	1370380
the effect of pesticides on carp (cyprinus carpio l). acetylcholinesterase and its biochemical characterization.	the activity and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized in tissues of the carp (cyprinus carpio). tissue ache activity was determined in response to specific inhibitors (ethopropazine, bw 284 c51) or pesticides (cuso4, paraquat (pq), methidathion (md)). the highest ache activity was found in the serum (878 +/- 100 u/liter), followed by the brain (113 +/- 12 u/liter), heart (89 +/- 6 u/liter), and trunk muscle (35 +/- 5 u/liter). experiments with specific choline estera ...	1992	1375147
neuropeptides in the torus semicircularis of the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing neurotensin, neurokinin a, galanin, or somatostatin-28(1-12) immunoreactivity in the torus semicircularis of the carp was studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. in this mesencephalic region, a high-density of galanin-immunoreactive fibers was found, whereas neurokinin a or somatostatin-28(1-12)-immunoreactive processes were observed at a moderate density and neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers at a low density. cell bodies contai ...	1992	1377585
the effect of malathion, diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc, copper, nickel, lead, iron, and mercury on fish.	acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (cu), mercury (hg), lead (pb), zinc (zn), nickel (ni), and iron (fe) were conducted. mortalities of barilius vagra and cyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but lc50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. adult b. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. both juvenile carp and adult b. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. the lc50-96 ...	1992	1384613
effects of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate on the acute toxicity of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (c12las) to fish.	effects of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (smoe20) on the acute toxicity of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (c12las) to fish were investigated in red killifish (orizias latipes) and carp (cyprinus carpio). by adding polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester to c12las solution, the acute toxicity of c12las decreased. as a decreasing toxic effect of these nonionic surfactants, the depression of gill damage was histopathologically observed. no significant hematological and blood biochemical differences ...	1992	1385076
different sensitivity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase enzyme to fluorescein-isothiocyanate in rabbit and carp muscles.	1. carp and rabbit sarcoplasmatic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase enzymes were compared with respect to their sensitivity to fitc labelling. 2. the carp enzyme showed much lower sensitivity to fitc in the ca(2+)-mg2+ activated atpase activity. fifty percent inhibition was observed at 20 microm labelling fitc concentration; in rabbit enzyme this inhibition was already achieved at 2 microm fitc. 3. the tryptic cleavage products of the carp enzyme identified with immunoblot analysis as well as with fitc fl ...	1992	1388116
dna adducts in carp exposed to artificial diesel-2 oil slicks.	in attempts to mimic field exposure, oil slicks prepared from diesel-2 oil/water emulsions were poured onto the surface of water in tanks prepared fresh every day and liver dna adducts were analyzed by 32p-postlabeling in carp free-swimming in these tanks. 'clusters' of lipophilic dna adducts were detected, with five major and numerous minor adducts. essentially a similar adduct pattern was found in the liver dna of carp exposed to crude oil-polluted water. diesel-2 adduct induction was observed ...	1992	1397068
push-pull modulation of ganglion cell responses of carp retina by amacrine cells.	the responses of a ganglion and an amacrine cell were recorded simultaneously in the carp retina. sinusoidal current injected into amacrine cells modulated ganglion cell discharges either in phase (excitation) or in opposite phase (inhibition). on-center ganglion cells received excitatory inputs and off-center ganglion cells received inhibitory inputs from on-center amacrine cells. they received inputs of opposite polarity from off-center amacrine cells. namely, inputs from on-center and off-cen ...	1992	1407715
risk factors for kidney cancer in new south wales--i. cigarette smoking.	in a population-based case-control study of kidney cancer in new south wales, data from structured interviews with 489 cases of renal cell cancer (rcc), 147 cases of renal pelvic cancer (carp) diagnosed in 1989 and 1990, and 523 controls from the electoral rolls confirmed an increased risk associated with cigarette smoking in both types of cancer. the risk among current smokers was consistently higher than among ex-smokers, and was nearly twice as great for carp than for rcc. additional informat ...	1992	1419302
malathion induced changes in the optomotor behavior of an indian carp, labeo rohita.		1992	1421850
neuropeptides and monoamines in the torus semicircularis of the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, alpha-neo-endorphin, angiotensin ii, cholecystokinin-8, serotonin, and tyrosine hydroxylase has been studied in the nuclei lateralis and centralis of the cyprinus carpio torus semicircularis using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. in both nuclei, we found vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, alpha-neo-endorphi ...	1992	1422851
neuropeptides regulate the cardiac activity of a prosobranch mollusc, rapana thomasiana.	involvement of neuropeptides in the regulation of cardiac activity in a prosobranch mollusc, rapana thomasiana, was studied physiologically as well as immunohistochemically. a catch-relaxing peptide (carp) showed strong inhibitory effects on the heart with a lower threshold than acetylcholine. the action of carp was in contrast to that of another neuropeptide, fmrfamide, which has previously been shown to enhance the heart beat. benzoquinonium blocked the effects of acetylcholine and stimulation ...	1992	1423492
maturational gonadotropin from the african catfish, clarias gariepinus: purification, characterization, localization, and biological activity.	a gonadotropic hormone of the african catfish, clarias gariepinus, was was purified and chemically characterized. its biological activity was tested and its localization in the gonadotropic cells of the pituitary demonstrated. an ethanolic extract of 500 pituitaries of adult male and female african catfish was subjected to ion-exchange chromatography on de-52. the 31- to 38-kda fraction was further purified on sephadex g-75. on rphplc over an ods 120t column two major components appeared as sing ...	1992	1426937
isolation of maturational gonadotropin subunits from spotted seatrout (cynoscion nebulosus) and development of a beta-subunit-directed radioimmunoassay for gonadotropin measurement in sciaenid fishes.	maturational gonadotropin (gth) subunits were isolated from pituitaries of the spotted seatrout (cynoscion nebulosus), a marine perciform teleost, by ethanolic extraction and ion-exchange, gel-filtration, and reverse-phase chromatography. partial amino acid sequencing of the n-terminal regions of the alpha and beta subunits indicated 60-80% identities with various carp and salmon gth subunits. the spotted seatrout gth beta-subunit was used as radioligand in a radioimmunoassay (ria) with atlantic ...	2006	1426954
predicted secondary and tertiary structures of carp gamma-crystallins with high methionine content: role of methionine residues in the protein stability.	a systematic structural comparison of several carp gamma-crystallins with high methionine contents was made by the secondary-structure prediction together with computer model-building based on the established x-ray structure of calf gamma-ii crystallin. the overall surface hydrophilicity profile and the distribution of helices, beta-sheets, and beta-turns along the polypeptide chains are very similar among these carp gamma-crystallins. in addition, their general polypeptide packing is close to t ...	1992	1429521
distribution and coexistence of urotensin i and urotensin ii peptides in the cerebral ganglia of aplysia californica.	urotensin i (ui) and urotensin ii (uii) were demonstrated in the cerebral ganglia of aplysia californica by applying immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay procedures. sequential analysis of adjacent sections of the cerebral ganglia of aplysia demonstrated that the ui-immunoreactive (ui-ir) neurons of the f cluster of the cerebral ganglia also contained uii immunoreactivity (uii-ir). both ui-ir and uii-ir were also observed in a cuff-like arrangement of fibers surrounding the proximal portion o ...	1992	1437712
[effect of fusarium autolysate on various immunologic and biologic indices of the state of the carp body].	the fusarium autolysate has been studied for its effect on certain immunobiochemical, parasitological and fishery-biological characteristics of carp fingerlings in the experiment. it is shown that different methods of introduction and treatment of fish with the autolysate induce changes in titres of the compliment and the content of lysozyme in the blood serum of fish as well as growth of its body weight. treatment of carp spawn before its incubation increases survivability of fish. it is shown ...	2015	1448865
acyl-coa: cholesterol acyltransferase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase in carp-liver microsomes: effect of cold acclimation on enzyme activities and on hepatic and plasma lipid composition.	hepatic microsomal activities of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa (hmg-coa) reductase, rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol esterification and cholesterol synthesis, and the concentration sand compartmentalization of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, were studied in carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c. irrespective of acclimation temperature, carp-liver acat is characterized by an apparent km-value for oleoyl-coa of 11-15 microm and display ...	1992	1450216
changes in retinal projections and ganglion cell morphology after unilateral enucleation in the common carp.	changes in retinal projections and ganglion cell morphology were studied in one-eyed individuals of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, which were enucleated at a juvenile stage (within 6 months after hatching) and kept for 18 months after the operation. gross examination of the brains showed a marked atrophy of the contralateral optic tectum and a fine attenuated optic tract ipsilateral to the remaining eye. all retinal recipient areas were bilateral, but numerous projections were heavier contral ...	1992	1450895
retinoic acid enhances the secretion of plasminogen from cultured rat microglia.	to determine the amount of plasminogen in microglial conditioned medium, a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for rat plasminogen was established. weak cross-reactivity with human serum plasminogen was observed, while no reactivity was detected with frog and carp plasminogen. the specificity of the immunosorbent assay was confirmed by western blotting. the secretion of plasminogen into the microglial culture medium was quantified by using the established elis ...	1992	1459246
[humoral factors of transplantation immunity in carp].	the levels of isohemagglutinins, isohemolysins, heterohemagglutinins and lysozyme in blood serum of one and half year old carps have been fixed after scales transplantation. since three weeks after grafting isohemagglutinins and isohemolysins were revealed in recipient fishes with the prevalence of 25% and 95% respectively. intact carps from the same group were lack of these antibodies. recipient and intact fishes did not differ reliably by heterohemagglutinins and lysozyme level in the blood se ...	2015	1462379
use of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic agent in goldfish (cyprinus carpio).		1992	1466124
interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11: report of a case and review of the literature.	a 12-month-old female infant with developmental delay, growth retardation, and dysmorphic features including dolichocephaly, telecanthus, ptosis, flat nasal bridge, anteverted nares, high-arched palate, carp-shaped mouth, micro-retrognathia, and low-set and posteriorly rotated ears was found to have an interstitial deletion of chromosome 11 involving bands q14-q22. immunoblot analysis of her fibroblasts revealed a normal amount of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme a thiolase, of which gene locu ...	1992	1472705
isolation and characterization of hypothalamic growth-hormone releasing factor from common carp, cyprinus carpio.	a growth hormone-releasing factor (grf)-like peptide was isolated from the hypothalamus of common carp, cyprinus carpio, by acid extraction, gel filtration chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography using antiserum directed against rat grf, and multiple steps of hplc using octadecyl columns. based on edman degradation and peptide mapping, this teleost grf was established to be a 45-residue peptide with the following primary structure: his-ala-asp-gly-met-phe-asn-lys-ala-tyr-arg-lys-ala-leu-gl ...	1992	1475012
rod-cone interaction in carp retina: an analysis of electroretinographic b-waves.	changes in electroretinographic b-wave in the presence of background lights of increasing intensity were examined in isolated, superfused carp retinas. within a certain range of ambient illumination b-waves elicited by red (695 nm) test flashes against dimmer background lights were smaller in size than against brighter ones. accordingly, incremental thresholds for red flashes decreased as the intensity of background lights increased within this intensity range. the results suggest that cone path ...	1992	1476617
effect of seasonal acclimatization on estrogen-induced vitellogenesis and on the hepatic estrogen receptors in the male carp.	the levels of circulating vitellogenin in the plasma of male carp after induction by estradiol-17 beta was examined in summer- and winter-acclimatized fish. during the warm season male fish exhibited a clear vitellogenic response, whereas the fish adapted to the cold season did not. the evaluation of the hepatic estrogen receptors revealed that although steroid-binding affinity is not affected by seasonal acclimatization, the concentration of estrogen receptors certainly is. this was evidenced i ...	1992	1482394
parvalbumin in skeletal muscles of teleost (tinca tinca l. and misgurnus fossilis l.). histochemical and immunohistochemical study.	musculatures of two fish species belonging to the suborder cyprinoidei were examined histochemically and immunohistochemically for demonstration of matp-ase activity and parvalbumin content, respectively. the tench lateral musculature shows a typical "acid reversal" picture of matp-ase activity--red fibres are alkali labile, acid stable and white and white fibres are alkali stable, acid labile. in the pond loach a superficial layer of musculature is composed of alkali--and acid stable red fibres ...	1992	1483535
phenotypic changes in germ cells during gonadal development of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). an immunohistochemical study with anti-carp spermatogonia monoclonal antibodies.	a procedure is described in which large early spermatogonia were isolated from carp testes and purified from an initial 4-5% recovery up to 60-70% using equilibrium density centrifugation on a continuous percoll gradient. mice were immunized with the spermatogonia via the intrasplenic route. six hybridoma cultures, producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacting selectively with germ cells, were selected and further analysed. reactivity with five of these mabs was observed on primordial germ cel ...	1992	1487430
five confirmed human cases of gnathostomiasis nipponica recently found in northern japan.	five confirmed human cases of gnathostomiasis nipponica exhibiting creeping eruption and itching were found sporadically from the autumn of 1991 to the winter of 1992 in the northern region of the mainland of japan. in all cases, a causative gnathostome with 3 transverse rows of hooklets on the head bulb was detected in biopsied skin. the morphological characteristics agreed with the advanced third-stage larvae of gnathostoma nipponicum. within a few weeks before development of symptoms, all pat ...	1992	1491291
[planar charged clusters--structural invariants of the gamma-crystallin family of the crystalline lens: functional role and evolutionary conservatism].	plane charge clusters from the calf eye lens protein gamma-crystallin are considered. the clusters consist of four to six side chain charged groups with interatomic distances in ionic pairs from 4 to 7 a. the charge clusters appear to decrease the hydrophilic potential of the molecular surface which maintains the transparent refracting lens medium of vertebrates with a very high protein concentration. it is shown that the charge pattern for different gene products of one species is conservative ...	1992	1491683
purification and characterization of cathepsin h from hepatopancreas of carp cyprinus carpio.	1. cathepsin h was purified about 5400-fold from hepatopancreas of carp (cyprinus carpio) by the method involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on s-sepharose, deae-sephacel, ultrogel aca54, concanavalin a-sepharose 4b and gpc on protein-pak 125. 2. the purified cathepsin h gave a single protein band on analytical-page, but migrated as two bands of 27,000 and 23,000 mol. wt on sds-page. 3. cathepsin h had a ph and temperature optimum of 6.5 and 45 degrees c using arg-mca as ...	1992	1499287
the cellular proliferative response, humoral antibody response, and cross reactivity studies of tetrahymena pyriformis with ichthyophthirius multifiliis in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the immune response of 10-12-week-old juvenile carp to t. pyriformis [ccap 1630/w, 1939 (w)] was investigated. the humoral antibody response following one and two intraperitoneal injections of whole live t. pyriformis (protein concentration of 25 micrograms/g body weight), separated by an interval of 4 weeks, was monitored over 12-16 weeks. peak antibody titres were detected 6 weeks following antigen administration. antibody titres were elevated following the second injection, and relatively hig ...	1992	1505691
demonstration of two forms of vitellogenin in serum of estradiol-17 beta-treated indian major carp, labeo rohita.	vitellogenin (vg) synthesis was induced in the male and non-vitellogenic female rohu, the indian major carp, by estradiol-17 beta(e2) where effect was more in female. a crude preparation of vg was isolated in the second peak after gel filtration on ultrogel aca 34 from the sera of vitellogenic female rohu and e2-treated male and female rohu. estimation of alkali-labile phosphorus was shown to be used as an index of vg. native-page analysis has revealed the presence of two forms of vg (vg1: 430,0 ...	1992	1506024
the role of elongation factors in protein synthesis rate variation in white teleost muscle.	protein synthesis-stimulating activity was assayed in the cytosolic fraction of white muscle from teleost fish (rainbow trout, carp) and of rat liver. in vitro protein synthesis-stimulating activity in the cytosolic fraction is reduced by food deprivation. the addition of elongation factors ef1, ef2, or ef1 + ef2 compensates for the starvation-induced loss of protein synthesis-stimulating activity in trout muscle cytosol. the action of ef2 is stronger than that of ef1 in this respect. however, e ...	1992	1506491
dendritic morphology of interstitial amacrine cells with monostratified dendrites in different-sized carp retinas.	the dendritic morphology of a class of interstitial (is) amacrine cells in retinas of different-sized carp (body length, 9.1-32.3 cm) was investigated by identifying their fluorescent nuclei pre-loaded with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi), followed by iontophoretic injection of lucifer yellow (ly) in isolated and formaldehyde-fixed flat-mounts under microscopic control. the ly-injected fusiform or pyriform cell bodies were found to locate at the middle of the inner plexiform layer (ipl) or i ...	1992	1511523
clinostomum complanatum (trematoda: clinostomatidae) in five new fish hosts in japan.	metacercariae of clinostomum complanatum were found in six species of natural freshwater fishes collected at koyama pond in tottori city of tottori prefecture, japan. five of these fish species are reported here as new records for second intermediate hosts of c. complanatum in japan: the silver crucian carp (carassius gibelio langsdorfi), the deepbodied crucian carp (carassius cuvieri), the carp (cyprinus carpio), the topmouth gudgeon (pseudorasbora parva) and the rose bitterling (rhodeus ocelat ...	1992	1512883
ontogenetic and comparative analysis of ldh isozymes in the three species of indian major carp.	expression patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) isozyme were investigated in embryonic and post embryonic stages of labeo rohita, cirrhinus mrigala and catla catla using starch gel electrophoresis. species specific and differential enzyme locus (gene) expression patterns were found in ldh up to 18th hr of study. the isozyme up to 36th hr after fertilization seemed to be completely active and showed electrophoretic patterns very similar to those of the adults. comparative analysis of the isozy ...	1992	1521871
partial purification and properties of glutathione peroxidase from carp hepatopancreas.	1. two glutathione peroxidases (gsh-px), d1 and d2, were partially purified from the hepatopancreas of common carp cyprinus carpio by ion-exchange, gel filtration, and hydrophobic chromatography. the enzymatic properties of those enzymes were examined. 2. the d1 and d2 differed in following enzymatic properties. the ph optima of d1 and d2 were 8.0 and 9.0, respectively. 3. when stored at ph 4.0 for 36 hr, d1 kept 70% of maximal activity while only 30% of that was shown in d2. 4. d1 and d2 lost a ...	1992	1526130
a monoclonal antibody that recognizes different conformational states of skeletal muscle troponin c and other calcium binding proteins.	skeletal muscle troponin c contains four ca(2+)-binding sites, two with a high affinity for ca2+ that also bind mg2+ competitively (ca2+/mg2+ sites) and two sites of lower affinity that are specific for ca2+. we have characterized a monoclonal antibody (b9d9) that was produced against rabbit skeletal troponin c. the binding of this antibody to rabbit skeletal troponin c is sensitive to the binding of ca2+. increasing the ca2+ concentration produces a decrease in the amount of antibody bound with ...	1992	1527217
fast skeletal myosin isoforms in thermally acclimated carp.	fast skeletal myosins were isolated from carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c, and their structural and enzymatic properties were compared. myosins in 0.5 m kcl were subjected to limited proteolysis by using various proteases including alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and papain, and different sds-page patterns were seen for the 10- and 30 degrees c-acclimated myosins in all cases. myosin subfragment-1 (s1) prepared from the 10 degrees c-acclimated myosin by alpha-chymotryptic digestion in 0.12 m ...	1992	1535074
crystal structure of the unique parvalbumin component from muscle of the leopard shark (triakis semifasciata). the first x-ray study of an alpha-parvalbumin.	the three-dimensional structure of parvalbumin from leopard shark (triakis semifasciata) with 109 amino acid residues (alpha-series) is described at 1.54 a resolution. crystals were grown at 20 degrees c from 2.9 m-potassium/sodium phosphate solutions at ph 5.6. the space group is p3(1)21 and unit cell dimensions are a = b = 32.12 a and c = 149.0 a. the structure has been solved by the molecular replacement method using pike 4.10 parvalbumin as a model. the final structure refinement resulted in ...	1992	1542115
the influence of temperature on muscle function in the fast swimming scup. i. shortening velocity and muscle recruitment during swimming.	in this study, electromyography showed that scup can swim to a maximum speed of 80 cm s-1 with their red muscle whereas previous results showed that carp can swim to only 45 cm s-1. our aim was to evaluate the adaptations that enable scup to swim nearly twice as fast as carp. although we anticipated that, at their respective maximum speeds, the red muscle of scup would be shortening at twice the velocity (v) of carp muscle, we found that the values of v were the same (2.04 muscle lengths s-1). a ...	1992	1556514
the influence of temperature on muscle function in the fast swimming scup. ii. the mechanics of red muscle.	to understand better how scup can swim twice as fast as carp with its red muscle, we measured the mechanical properties of red muscle bundles in scup. the values of the mean maximum velocity of shortening (vmax) at 10 degrees c (3.32 muscle lengths s-1) and at 20 degrees c (5.55 muscle lengths s-1; q10 = 1.69) were nearly the same as those in carp. isometric force, however, was approximately 50% greater (183 kn m-2; q10 = 1.08). the maximal power generation was correspondingly about 50% greater ...	1992	1556515
comparative study on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio by mercury and zinc.	the effects of sublethal concentrations of mercury (0.1mg/l) and zinc (6 mg/l) on acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine content of gill, kidney, intestine, brain, liver and muscle of the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio at 1, 15 and 30 days of exposure were studied. a significant suppression in acetylcholinesterase activity was recorded in all the organs from both mercury and zinc intoxicated fish at all the exposure periods. concurrently, a significant increase in the content of acetyl ...	1992	1558548
papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	over a period of two years four ornamental koi carp (cyprinus carpio) of one variety in a mixed population of 16 were affected with papillomas of the head and body. in one fish there was a transition of these tumours into a squamous cell carcinoma in the region of the head and posterior gill space, with deep invasion of the underlying bone. one of the fish recovered completely after the sloughing of the papillomas. in view of the progressive nature of the lesions, the condition was presumed to b ...	1992	1566540
structure and sequence of the growth hormone-encoding gene from tilapia nilotica.	we report here the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the growth hormone (gh)-encoding gene (gh) of the tilapia fish (tilapia nilotica). the t. nilotica gh gene, similar to that of the salmonidae fish, atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, contains six exons and five introns. however, despite the presence of an additional intron (intron v), the size of the primary transcript of t. nilotica gh (1666 nt) is significantly shorter than that of all other currently characterized fish gh genes. comparison of seq ...	1992	1572545
specific cesium activity in freshwater fish and the size effect.	the specific cs-137 activity of muscle tissue of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from the cooling pond of the chernobyl nuclear power plant caught in 1987 and 1988 increased almost linearly with fish weight ("size effect") in contrast to liver tissue, whose specific activity remained independent of weight. a kinetic model for uptake and excretion was developed to describe the size effect in muscle tissue by introducing a weight-dependent cs biological half-time to fish. similar size ef ...	1992	1574700
sensitivity to maturation-inducing steroids and gonadotropin in the oocytes of blue gourami trichogaster trichopterus (anabantidae, pallas, 1770).	this study examined in vitro the effect of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-p), 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-p), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) on vitellogenesis and the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown (gvbd) in oocytes of the female trichogaster trichopterus (pallas, 1770) after various in vivo treatments: (a) in nonreproductive condition; (b) in reproductive condition together with males; (c) injected with hcg; (d) injected with extract of carp gonadotropin ...	1992	1577246
structure of the mitochondrial urfa6l gene and trna(lys) gene from carp.	the carp mitochondrial urfa6l gene consists of 165 base pairs. the overall structural organization of the gene is very similar to that of the xenopus urfa6l gene. their nucleotide sequences exhibit 68% homology. the carp urfa6l gene encodes a protein of 54 amino acids. the amino acid composition of the protein is unusual because almost half of the residues consist of 5 hydrophobic amino acids (proline, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine). a comparison between the amino acid sequences o ...	1992	1580999
regulation of ache system of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio, under fenvalerate toxicity.		1992	1581676
study of precorneal tear film thickness and structure by interferometry and confocal microscopy.	past measurements of precorneal tear film thickness in rabbits and humans gave values of 4-7 microns. these have been the accepted values. however, measurements presented in this report are much higher. earlier techniques may have changed film thickness or not have fully included the layer containing mucus. little is known about the mucus component. thickness was measured in freshly killed animals of 10 species using two independent optical techniques. coherent light was reflected from eyes and ...	1992	1582804
properties of common carp gonadotropin i and gonadotropin ii.	two gonadotropins, gth i and gth ii, were extracted with 35% ethanol-10% ammonium acetate, ph 6.1, from female common carp pituitary glands and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on a de-52 column followed by gel filtration on a sephadex g-75 column. molecular weights of gth i and gth ii as determined by sds-page were 45,000 and 35,000, respectively. both gths dissociate into two subunits following reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol. these subunits contain different n-terminal amino acids ...	1992	1601254