Publications

hyaluronidase of bloodsucking insects and its enhancing effect on leishmania infection in mice.	salivary hyaluronidases have been described in a few bloodsucking arthropods. however, very little is known about the presence of this enzyme in various bloodsucking insects and no data are available on its effect on transmitted microorganisms. here, we studied hyaluronidase activity in thirteen bloodsucking insects belonging to four different orders. in addition, we assessed the effect of hyaluronidase coinoculation on the outcome of leishmania major infection in balb/c mice.	2008	18820742
ectoparasites and associated pathogens of free-roaming and captive animals in zoos of south carolina.	a survey of ectoparasites and their associated pathogens was conducted in two south carolina zoos, from 2004 to 2007. dead, wild birds and mammals, as well as captive animals examined during routine veterinary checks constituted the study populations. ectoparasites were tested for species of anaplasma, bartonella, coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia, rickettsia, and trypanosoma. forty-six species of ectoparasites were collected from 133 free-roaming and captive hosts and their associated nesting and be ...	2009	18973443
comparative efficacy of imidacloprid, selamectin, fipronil-(s)-methoprene, and metaflumizone against cats experimentally infested with ctenocephalides felis.	four active ingredients--imidacloprid selamectin, fipronil-(s)-methoprene, and metaflumizone--were tested to assess the speed of flea kill against existing flea infestations and subsequent reinfestations. thirty flea-infested cats were allocated to four treatment groups and one untreated control group. flea counts were performed 6, 18, and 48 hours after treatment (day 0) and 2, 4, and 24 hours after weekly flea reinfestations. cats were also reinfested with fleas after the 6- and 18-hour counts ...	2008	19003778
seasonality and prevalence rates of steinina sp. (eugregarinorida: actinocephalidae) in ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) from dogs captured in belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil.	in total, 1500 specimens (448 males and 1052 females) of the flea ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché (siphonaptera: pulicidae) were collected over a period of a year from 150 dogs captured by the centro de controle de zoonoses de belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. microscopic examination of the dissected fleas revealed that 180 fleas were infected with a species of gregarine that was subsequently identified as a member of the genus steinina. the relative abundances, prevalence rates, and sea ...	2008	19058639
[interhost migration behaviour of ctenocephalides felis on cats and in their resting sites].	the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, maintains its life cycle indoors feeding on pets. however, it must be emphasized that only about 1-5% of the flea population is on their hosts, the remaining 95-99% (eggs, larvae and pupae) are spread around the habitat. the eggs and dried blood feces fall from the coat of the animal on its sleeping, resting or feeding sites. in the first study, 100 pupae of the cat flea were applied on the resting sites of 6 cats' (3 female, 3 male), each in a separate box. ...	2008	19066771
ctenocephalides felis in dogs and cats in tandojam region.	one hundred dogs and equal number of cats was examined in tandojam town and its surroundings, with an object to record the flea infestation in these hosts. during this study, only one species of flea, i.e., ctenocephalides felis was founding infesting both host animals. pooled compilation of data revealed that 34% of dogs and 28% cats were infested. however, categorical compilation of results showed that in case of dogs, the higher rate of infestation (50%) was recorded in females than in males ...	2007	19070134
the prevalence of bartonella, hemoplasma, and rickettsia felis infections in domestic cats and in cat fleas in ontario.	the prevalence of persistent bacteremic bartonella spp. and hemoplasma infections was determined in healthy pet cats in ontario. blood samples from healthy cats sent to a diagnostic laboratory for routine health assessment over the course of 1 y were tested for bartonella spp. using both polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and blood culture, and for the presence of hemoplasma by pcr. the overall prevalence of bartonella spp. by pcr and by culture combined was 4.3% (28/646) [3.7% (24/646) bartonella ...	2008	19086373
virulence of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to ctenocephalides felis felis.	ctenocephalides felis felis is a flea species that parasitizes dogs and cats. the current study verified the in vitro virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to eggs and adults of c. felis felis. the fungal isolates were cultivated on rice grains in plastic bags. conidial suspensions were then prepared by immersing the grains in tween 80 aqueous solution (0.01%). eggs and adults of c. felis felis were obtained from a laboratory colony. experiments we ...	2008	19120257
rickettsia felis in cat fleas in taiwan.	we describe the first detection of rickettsia felis in cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) in taiwan. natural infections of r. felis in cat fleas were isolated and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and an immunofluorescence assay. the infection rate in individual fleas and the minimum infection rate in pooled fleas detected by the pcr method were found to be 18.8% (13/69) and 8.2% (8/97), respectively. partial sequences of the plasmid prf, 17-kda antigen, and outer membrane protein a ...	2009	19125661
rdl gene polymorphism and sequence analysis and relation to in vivo fipronil susceptibility in strains of the cat flea.	the gamma-amino butyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride ion channel in the insect central nervous system is the target of cyclodiene and phenylpyrazole insecticides. resistance to dieldrin has been reported in several insect species and was associated with a point mutation (ala285 to ser substitution) in the m2 transmembrane domain of the gaba-gated chloride ion channel (the resistant to dieldrin [rdl] gene). a partial rdl gene sequence was reported previously in specimens of the cat flea, ctenocepha ...	2009	19253656
[characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil].	the present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. the collections were conducted from july to september 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. the ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70 degrees gl ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis u ...	2008	19265575
[residual activity in vitro of treated dog's hair coat with dinotefuran on larvae and adults of ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835) (siphonaptera: pulicidae)].	the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual activity of treated dog's hair coat with dinotefuran on larvae and adults of ctenocephalides felis felis. three female beagle dogs were used. one female dog was treated with 0.834% dinotefuran spray, the second was treated with 30% dinotefuran strip-on and the third was not treated. some areas of dog's hair were clipped on days 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 37 and 44 after treatment. for the evaluation of adulticidal and larvicidal activities, flea adults a ...	2008	19265577
transmission of feline calicivirus via the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis).	in this study, a possible role of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) in transmitting feline calicivirus (fcv) was examined. fleas were fed via artificial membranes with fcv-spiked bovine blood, free of anti-fcv antibodies. flea feces were collected daily for 10 days and incubated at room temperature. infectivity of the feces was tested in vitro using crandell-reese feline kidney (crfk) cells. fcv remained infectious for 8 days. these flea feces were also used to oronasally inoculate four speci ...	2009	19277714
infection of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) by neoaplectana carpocapsae weiser.	infection of cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, larvae by the entomophilic nematode neoaplectana carpocapsae was accomplished in the laboratory. the breton strain of n. carpocapsae provided higher larval mortality at lower dosages than did the dd-136 strain. adult nematodes were evident in the insect hemocoel after 48 h; however, no infective third-stage larvae were produced. larval flea infection increased with an increase in the moisture content of sand from 2% to 7% and of sandy clay from 7% to ...	1982	19295728
rickettsia rickettsii, rickettsia felis and rickettsia sp. twkm03 infecting rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis collected from dogs in a brazilian spotted fever focus in the state of rio de janeiro/brazil.		2009	19298400
[fleas (siphonaptera): a new old infestant in urban environment. analysis of the cases verified in the south piedmont in the years 2005-2008].	in the present study, ten cases of human and environmental infestation, observed between 2005 and 2008 in the southern part of piedmont, are reported. the infestation were caused by fleas and in particular by ctenocephalides felis. the importance of human pulicasis transmitted by animals you have with (cats) and related risks to human health is inderlined. in the past pulicasis, mainly due to pulex irritans, was related to poor hygienic conditions. on the contrary nowadays, pulicasis in urban ha ...	2009	19385329
first detection of rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis fleas from italy.		2009	19416289
occurrence of rickettsia felis in dog and cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) from italy.	abstract : rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the spotted fever group, suspected to cause a murine typhus-like illness in humans, with a cosmopolitan distribution. this study was designed to estimate presence and occurrence of this pathogen in fleas collected from dogs and cats in different areas of italy. two species of fleas were identified, ctenocephalides felis (80.3%) and ctenocephalides canis (19.7%).overall, 320 fleas (257 c. felis and 63 c. canis) collec ...	2009	19426447
overview of flea allergy dermatitis.	flea allergy dermatitis, or flea-bite hypersensitivity, is the most common small animal dermatologic condition. in some regions of the world, it is the most commonly seen canine disease. this disease does not exist in locations that are inhospitable to fleas, such as those at elevations above 1500 ft or with low humidity (e.g., the desert).although there are more than 2000 documented species and subspecies of fleas, the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) is the species most frequently found ...	2009	19517416
identification and characterization of two arginine kinases from the parasitic insect ctenocephalides felis.	arginine kinase (atp:l-arginine omega-n-phosphotransferase, ec2.7.3.3.; ak) is an enzyme crucial for the energy metabolism of insects and other invertebrates, that has known allergenic potential in humans and that has been proposed as a pesticidal drug target. here we report the identification, cdna cloning, genomic gene structure and functional expression of ak genes from ctenocephalides (c.) felis (cat flea). in contrast to other insect species investigated so far, c. felis possesses two ak ge ...	2009	19595766
ecology of rickettsia felis: a review.	it has been two decades since the first description of rickettsia felis, and although a nearly cosmopolitan distribution is now apparent, much of the ecology of this unique microorganism remains unresolved. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is currently the only known biological vector of r. felis; however, molecular evidence of r. felis in other species of fleas as well as in ticks and mites suggests a variety of arthropod hosts. studies examining the transmission of r. felis using colonized ...	2009	19645274
molecular investigation of hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) and fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) as potential vectors of rickettsial and mycoplasmal agents.	the aim of the present study was twofold. first, in general, to reveal new aspects of the potential vector role of ixodid ticks and fleas by screening large numbers of specimens with recently developed molecular biological methods. second, to evaluate the occurrence of vector-borne infectious agents in a geographical context. altogether 3442 unfed hard ticks (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, haemaphysalis inermis, h. concinna, h. punctata) and 939 fleas of cats and dogs (c ...	2010	19660880
ectoparasites of dogs and cats in albania.	one hundred eighty-one dogs and 26 short-hair cats from suburban areas around tirana, albania were examined for ectoparasite infestation. the dogs were examined on several occasions from 2005 through 2009 representing three seasons: winter (december-february), spring (march-may), and summer (june-august); the cats were examined in late autumn (november). in addition, deep ear swab specimens of 30 dogs were examined for ear mites. the arthropod ectoparasite fauna of the dogs included two tick spe ...	2009	19690887
prevalence of flea infestation in dogs and cats in hungary combined with a survey of owner awareness.	a survey was conducted in order to gain current information on flea species (siphonaptera: pulicidae) infesting dogs and cats living in urban and rural areas of hungary, along with data on the factors that affect the presence, distribution and seasonality of infestation. in addition, owner awareness of flea infestation was evaluated. practitioners in 13 veterinary clinics were asked to examine all dogs and cats attending the clinic and to collect fleas, when present, on 2 days in each month from ...	2009	19712149
comparative in vivo adulticidal activity of a topical dinotefuran versus an imidacloprid-based formulation against cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on cats.	fleas cause significant discomfort to pet cats and distress to their owners and are also vectors of disease severe infestations can cause anemia or flea allergy dermatitis and can lead to infections with dipylidium caninum and bartonella henselae. rapid flea kill is an important feature of flea preventives. the efficacy of dinotefuran (vectra for cats and kittens, summit vetpharm) was compared with that of imidacloprid (advantage, bayer animal health) against ctenocephalides felis when applied t ...	2009	19742443
efficacy of a combination of a fipronil-(s)-methoprene spot-on formulation and a deltamethrin-impregnated collar in controlling fleas and sandflies on dogs.	this study investigated the use of two commercial products, a deltamethrin-impregnated collar and a fipronil-(s)-methoprene spot-on formulation, in combination to protect dogs against sandflies and fleas when they live in or travel to leishmaniasis-enzootic areas. interactions, tolerance, and efficacy were evaluated. the combination was well tolerated by the six treated dogs. the antifeeding effect on phlebotomus perniciosus ranged from 89.6% (day 1) to 99.51% (day 21) and exceeded 95% from day ...	2009	19742450
comparison of lufenuron and nitenpyram versus imidacloprid for integrated flea control.	a one-year field study was carried out in 45 households in cairns, north queensland to evaluate the efficacy of three topical or systemic treatment programs in controlling cat flea (ctenocephalidesfelis) infestations within the residence and on dogs and cats. homes were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. in the first group of homes, lufenuron was administered orally to all household pets according to label recommendations for the study duration, and nitenpyram was administered orally ...	2001	19746650
evaluation of the speed of kill of fleas and ticks with frontline top spot in dogs.	the speed of kill of a spot-on formulation of fipronil (frontline top spot, merial limited, duluth, ga) against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus) was evaluated in dogs in a commercial laboratory setting. forty dogs were allocated to 20 replicates of two based on sex and pretreatment flea counts. within each replicate, dogs were randomly allocated to an untreated control group or to treatment with fipronil, administered topically as a spot-on p ...	2001	19753710
ectoparasite infestation on rural dogs in the municipality of são vicente férrer, pernambuco, northeastern brazil.	this article presents the results of a study on ectoparasites infesting rural dogs in pernambuco, northeastern brazil. forty-one dogs from a rural community of pernambuco were examined and 70.7% were infested by ectoparasites. the prevalence rates of infestation by ticks, fleas, and lice were 58.5, 43.9 and 22%, respectively. of 24 dogs parasitized by ticks, 15 were exclusively infested by rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (32 females, 66 males, 9 nymphs; prevalence, 48.8%; mean intensity, 5. ...	2009	19772781
a survey of ectoparasitic arthropods on domestic animals in tak province, thailand.	in july 2008 a survey of ectoparasites on domestic animals was conducted in the royal thai army areas of operation along the thai-myanmar border, tak province, thailand. eleven different ectoparasites were collected: two species of hard ticks (ixodidae), three species of fleas (siphonaptera) and 6 species of sucking or chewing lice (2 species each in the suborders anoplura, ischnocera and amblycera) were collected. domestic dogs (canis lupusfamiliaris) (n = 94) were found infested with 2 species ...	2009	19842427
fleatickrisk: a meteorological model developed to monitor and predict the activity and density of three tick species and the cat flea in europe.	mathematical modelling is quite a recent tool in epidemiology. geographical information system (gis) combined with remote sensing (data collection and analysis) provide valuable models, but the integration of climatologic models in parasitology and epidemiology is less common. the aim of our model, called "fleatickrisk", was to use meteorological data and forecasts to monitor the activity and density of some arthropods. our parasitological model uses the weather research and forecasting (wrf) me ...	2009	19908193
detection and identification of bartonella sp. in fleas from carnivorous mammals in andalusia, spain.	a total of 559 fleas representing four species (pulex irritans, ctenocephalides felis, ctenocephalides canis and spilopsyllus cuniculi) collected on carnivores (five iberian lynx lynx pardinus, six european wildcat felis silvestris, 10 common genet genetta genetta, three eurasian badger meles meles, 22 red fox vulpes vulpes, 87 dogs and 23 cats) in andalusia, southern spain, were distributed in 156 pools of monospecific flea from each carnivore, and tested for bartonella infection in an assay ba ...	2009	19941605
the antiparasitic isoxazoline a1443 is a potent blocker of insect ligand-gated chloride channels.	a structurally unique isoxazoline class compound, a1443, exhibits antiparasitic activity against cat fleas and dog ticks comparable to that of the commercial ectoparasiticide fipronil. this isoxazoline compound inhibits specific binding of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor channel blocker [(3)h]4'-ethynyl-4-n-propylbicycloorthobenzoate (ebob) to housefly-head membranes, with an ic(50) value of 455pm. in contrast, the ic(50) value in rat-brain membranes is>10mum. to study the mode of ac ...	2010	19944072
bacterial communities associated with flea vectors of plague.	the microbial flora associated with fleas may affect their ability to transmit specific pathogens, including yersinia pestis, and also could be used to develop paratransgenesis-based approaches to interfere with transmission. to begin addressing this hypothesis, the microbial flora associated with the relatively efficient y. pestis vectors xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) (siphonaptera: pulicidae) and oropsyllamontana (baker) (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae), and the inefficient vector ctenocephal ...	2009	19960708
discovery of ectoparasiticidal hydrazonotrifluoromethanesulfonanilides.	a series of hydrazonotrifluorosulfonanilide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro activity against the ectoparasites ctenocephalides felis and rhipicephalus sanguineus. some compounds with excellent activity against tick were identified.	2010	19962303
analysis of rickettsia typhi-infected and uninfected cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) midgut cdna libraries: deciphering molecular pathways involved in host response to r. typhi infection.	murine typhus is a flea-borne febrile illness that is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, rickettsia typhi. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, acquires r. typhi by imbibing a bloodmeal from a rickettsemic vertebrate host. to explore which transcripts are expressed in the midgut in response to challenge with r. typhi, cdna libraries of r. typhi-infected and uninfected midguts of c. felis were constructed. in this study, we examined midgut transcript levels for select c. felis serine ...	2010	20017753
[ectoparasites and intestinal helminths in felis catus domesticus from lages city, sc, brazil and social-economical and cultural aspects of owners of family pets].	the purpose of this research was to determinate the prevalence of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal (gi) parasites in domiciliated cats, from central and peripheral region, of lages city, santa catarina state and also characterize the economic, social and cultural status of families' pet owners. from the period of december 2005 to december 2006, 600 questionnaires were distributed to pet owners of lages city and ectoparasites and faeces were collected. the prevalence of ectoparasites was 13.8% ...	2009	20040205
[comparative efficacy of two topical formulations containing 10% fipronil on the control of ctenocephalides felis felis on cats].	the goal of the present study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two topical formulations containing 10% fipronil on the control of ctenocephalides felis felis on cats. the trial was performed at the laboratory of experimental chemotherapy in veterinary parasitology from the department of animal parasitology of the institute of veterinary of the universidade federal rural do rio de janeiro. eighteen mixed-breed cats were divided in three groups of six animals each. one group remained wi ...	2009	20040215
effects of orally administered spinosad (comfortis) in dogs on adult and immature stages of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis).	the efficacy of spinosad against adult fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on dogs was evaluated in three controlled, blinded studies. one study was conducted to determine speed of kill on experimentally infested dogs. two additional studies were designed to assess the efficacy of spinosad in preventing environmental contamination with flea eggs (usa study and eu study). an additional objective of the usa study was to assess the effects of skin and hair-coat debris from spinosad-treated dogs on eggs a ...	2010	20045256
molecular detection of hemoprotozoa and rickettsia species in arthropods collected from wild animals in the burgos province, spain.	limited information on the presence of bacterial and hematozoan infections in parasitic arthropods from spain is available. in an attempt to address this issue, the prevalence of theileria, babesia, hepatozoon, and rickettsia species was investigated by polymerase chain reaction plus sequencing. in a survey for zoonotic pathogens in ectoparasites, 42 wild animals (which included rodents, carnivores, sciuridae, and cervidae) were captured in burgos (spain). a total of 256 arthropods (including 10 ...	2010	20055580
[activity of neem extract on the embryonary development of ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835) (siphonaptera: pulicidae)].	the present study had as objective to evaluate the activity of limonoid azadiractin, extracted of the seeds of the plant azadirachta indica, neem, on the embryonary development of ctenocephalides felis felis. a dog was sprayed with the formulation 10%, another dog was kept as control, without treatment. both had been infested weekly with 600 fleas, in the ratio of 1:1 between males and females. the deriving positions of the infestations had been incubate per seven days in assay pipes, and evalua ...	2008	20059823
acetylcholinesterases of the cat flea ctenocephalides felis: identification of two distinct genes and biochemical characterization of recombinant and in vivo enzyme activities.	acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec3.1.1.7.) is a prime target for insecticides and is the site of action of carbamate and organophosphate drugs used to combat the cat flea ctenocephalides felis. in this paper we report the identification and cdna cloning of two ache-encoding genes from the cat flea, cface1 and cface2. functional heterologous expression of the catalytic domains in pichia pastoris shows that both genes encode functional enzymes, cfache1 and cfache2. bioinformatical analysis of the pre ...	2010	20096355
bartonellosis, an increasingly recognized zoonosis.	cat scratch disease is the most common zoonotic infection caused by bartonella bacteria. among the many mammals infected with bartonella spp., cats represent a large reservoir for human infection, as they are the main reservoir for bartonella henselae, bartonella clarridgeiae and bartonella koehlerae. bartonella spp. are vector-borne bacteria, and transmission of b. henselae by cat fleas occurs mainly through infected flea faeces, although new potential vectors (ticks and biting flies) have been ...	2010	20148999
presence of bartonella species and rickettsia species dna in the blood, oral cavity, skin and claw beds of cats in the united states.	the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bartonella species and rickettsia species dna in the blood, oral cavity, skin and claw beds of feral cats without evidence of skin disease that were housed in alabama (n = 24), florida (n = 27) and colorado (n = 32). samples were assessed by use of polymerase chain reaction assays. the bartonella species igg prevalence was also determined. while bartonella species dna was not amplified from any sample from colorado cats, it was commonl ...	2009	20178489
what's eating you? cat flea (ctenocephalides felis).		2010	20184206
epidemiology of spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsial infection in the amazon basin of peru.	a seroprevalence study for igg antibodies against spotted fever group (sfgr) and typhus group (tgr) rickettsia among humans and domestic pets was conducted in the city of iquitos, located in the amazon basin of peru. of 1,195 human sera analyzed, 521 (43.6%) and 123 (10.3%) were positive for sfgr and tgr antibodies, respectively. district of residence and participant age were associated with antibody positivity for both groups, whereas rodent sightings in the home were associated with tgr antibo ...	2010	20348519
ectoparasites of small ruminants in three selected agro-ecological sites of tigray region, ethiopia.	a study on ectoparasites of small ruminants in three selected agro-ecological sites of tigray region, ethiopia disclosed an overall prevalence of 55.5% and 58% in each examined 750 sheep and goats, respectively. in the sheep population, melophagus ovinus (19.1%), tick infestations (16%), damalinia ovis (15.3%), linognathus africanus (11.5%), and ctenocephalides felis (9%) were the major ectoparasites. the major ectoparasites identified in goats were tick infestations (29.7%), l. africanus (27.9% ...	2010	20369295
[evaluation of different meridic diets upon adult emergence of ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae)].	the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of meridic diets composed by blood from different animal species upon the adult emergence of ctenocephalides felis felis fleas. six artificial diets containing dried blood of cattle (standard), dogs, rabbit and chicken, combined with sand or sand/wheat bran were prepared. for each diet six samples containing ten c. f. felis eggs were evaluated. after 25 days of incubation, samples were assessed for adult emergence. the number of em ...	2010	20385063
evaluation of topical application of 10% imidacloprid-1% moxidectin to prevent bartonella henselae transmission from cat fleas.	to determine whether monthly topical administration of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin would lessen flea (ctenocephalides felis) transmission of bartonella henselae among cats.	2010	20392182
the efficacy of neem seed extracts (tre-san, mitestop on a broad spectrum of pests and parasites.	the paper summarizes the acaricidal and insecticidal effects of a patented neem seed extract when diluted 1:10 with shampoo or 1:20, 1:30, 1:33, 1:40, respectively, 1:66 with tap water. it was shown that a broad range of pests and parasites, such as house dust mites, poultry mites, harvest mites, ixodes and rhipicephalus ticks, cat fleas (adults, larvae), bed bugs (all stages), head lice and mallophaga, cockroaches (genera blatta, blattella, gomphadorhina), raptor bugs (triatoma), and even food- ...	2010	20461406
gastrointestinal and ectoparasites from urban stray dogs in fortaleza (brazil): high infection risk for humans?	dogs are important definite or reservoir hosts for zoonotic parasites. however, only few studies on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in urban areas in brazil are available. we performed a comprehensive study on parasites of stray dogs in a brazilian metropolitan area. we included 46 stray dogs caught in the urban areas of fortaleza (northeast brazil). after euthanization, dogs were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs were examined for the presence of ...	2010	20532563
parasites of stray cats (felis domesticus l., 1758) on st. kitts, west indies.	during 2005-2006, 100 stray cats on st. kitts were examined using standard parasitological methods. eggs identified were those of hookworms (88%), trichuris spp. (71%), eucoleus aerophillus (16%), mammomonogamus spp. (45%), physaloptera spp. (18%), toxocara spp. (4%), platynosomum spp. (81%) and taeniids (30%). coccidian oocysts were found in 12% of the cats and ctenocephalides felis found on 26%. when the direct fecal smear, benchtop flotation, modified double centrifugation, fecal sedimentatio ...	2010	20537465
what's eating you? cat flea (ctenocephalides felis), part 1: clinical features and role as a disease vector.		2010	20540412
[clinical analysis of cat scratch disease].	we analyzed the clinical background of 63 patients with serologically confirmed cat scratch disease (csd), age range of the patients was 0 to 83 years old and mean age was 35.0 years old. seasonal patterns of cases was observed. a number of patients with csd was increased during the summer and fall. the peak incidence of csd occurred in october. infection followed direct cat or dog contact. cat contact occurred in 61 cases (96.8%) and dog contact in 2 cases (3.2%). a specific contact with kitten ...	2010	20560420
survey of flea infestation in dogs in different geographical regions of iran.	medically important arthropods, including fleas, play an important role in causing clinical disorders and disease in man and domestic animals. this study was conducted to determine the seasonal flea infestations for domestic dogs from different geographic regions of iran. a total of 407 fleas, belonging to 5 different species, were recovered from 83 domestic dogs from 3 regions. there was a distinctive pattern of species distribution and infestations with the highest infestation rates observed i ...	2010	20585531
rickettsia felis in fleas from catalonia (northeast spain).	abstract introduction: rickettsia felis produces a syndrome indistinguishable from murine typhus, which has been described in spain. r. felis is transmitted to humans by fleas. although no clinical case has been described so far, serologic evidence of infections in humans, cats, and dogs has been obtained in our area. however, no study has been conducted regarding its presence in vectors. recognition of routes of transmission is of great importance to prevent infection in humans. taking into acc ...	2011	20586606
[influence of the temperature on the development of the african cat flea ctenocephalides felis strongylus (jordan, 1925) (siphonaptera : pulicidae)].	ctenocephalides felis (bouché, 1835) commonly called "cat's flea" presents two recognized subspecies: ctenocephalides felis strongylus (jordan, 1925), observed in the african continent, and ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835) in the other regions (north africa, europe and america) (ménier and beaucournu, 19991. in sub-saharan africa, the principal flea found in the pets and certain livestock (ovine, caprine and bovine), belongs to the subspecies c. f. strongylus. some bio-ecologic paramet ...	2010	20597443
a method for large-scale rearing of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché).		1958	20604042
oral shedding of bartonella in cats: correlation with bacteremia and seropositivity.	cats are the main reservoirs of zoonotic bartonella henselae, b. clarridgeiae and b. koehlerae, transmitted among cats by cat fleas. no study has investigated the presence of bartonella in the saliva of bacteremic and non-bacteremic cats to correlate it to the level of bacteremia and the presence or absence of oral lesions. shelter cats from northern california (n=130) and michigan (n=50) were tested for bartonella bacteremia by blood culture, presence of bartonella antibodies and bartonella dna ...	2010	20646879
the efficacy of a topically applied combination of cyphenothrin and pyriproxyfen against the southern african yellow dog tick, haemaphysalis elliptica, and the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, on dogs.	the objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic and residual efficacy of a topically applied combination of cyphenothrin (40%) and pyriproxyfen (2%) against the tick haemaphysalis elliptica and the flea ctenocephalides felis on dogs. twelve dogs were infested with 50 ticks 2 days before they were treated and with approximately 100 fleas 6 days before treatment and again 2 days before treatment and with 50 ticks and approximately 100 fleas at weekly intervals thereafter. they were ra ...	2010	20649152
what's eating you? cat flea (ctenocephalides felis), part 2: prevention and control.		2010	20666187
identification of candidate proteins for the diagnosis of bartonella henselae infections using an immunoproteomic approach.	bartonella henselae is an emerging gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen transmitted via ctenocephalides felis (cat fleas) or cat scratches. bartonellosis is present mainly in the form of cat scratch disease (csd), bacillary angiomatosis and infective endocarditis (ie). the methods used to diagnose b. henselae rely on culturing, immunofluorescent assays and molecular techniques. the objective of the present study was to identify candidate proteins for the serodiagnosis of bartonellosi ...	2010	20695898
real-time and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reactions for the detection of bartonella henselae within cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, samples.	bartonella henselae (rhizobiales: bartonellacae), the agent of cat-scratch disease, is an emerging bacterial pathogen which can be transmitted via infective faecal material of ctenocephalides felis bouché (siphonaptera: pulicidae). worldwide, b. henselae has been identified in 1-53% of felines and 2.9-17.4% of fleas. although culture is the routine method for detection, the procedure is time-consuming and is rarely used for isolation directly from flea vectors. the current study reports the deve ...	2010	20704655
siphonaptera (pulicidae) in dogs and cats of colombia: clinical and epidemiological aspects.	flea infestation is a common worldwide problem, its effective control results in high costs and difficult implementation. during february to august 2007, an epidemiological study of siphonaptera order in dogs and cats admitted at the university of caldas-colombia - veterinary hospital (ucvh), was carried out by corporal examination and recording epidemiological variables. overall, 3698 fleas were collected from 140 dogs and 30 cats. two main species were identified: ctenocephalides felis (94.2%) ...	2010	20728994
pcr amplification of bartonella koehlerae from human blood and enrichment blood cultures.	abstract:	2010	20735840
association between the prevalence of infestation by rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis felis and the presence of anti-leishmania antibodies: a case-control study in dogs from a brazilian endemic area.	the association between the prevalence of infestation by rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis felis and the presence of anti-leishmania antibodies has been evaluated in dogs located in a city of brazil endemic for canine visceral leishmaniasis. blood samples from 5556 domestic dogs domiciliated in the urban area of belo horizonte (minas gerais state) were submitted to enzyme linked immunosorbent (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifat) assays, and 432 (7.8%) animals t ...	2010	20869131
differential sensitivity of ctenocephalides felis and drosophila melanogaster nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α1 and α2 subunits in recombinant hybrid receptors to nicotinoids and neonicotinoid insecticides.	nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) are the binding sites for nicotinoid drugs, such as nicotine and epibatidine, and are the molecular targets of the selectively insecticidal neonicotinoids. in this study we report the full length cdna cloning of the three ctenocephalides (c.) felis (cat flea) nachr α subunits cfα1, cfα2, and cfα3. when expressed in xenopus oocytes as hybrid receptors with the gallus gallus (chicken) β2 (ggβ2) subunit, these cat flea α subunits formed acetylcholine-respo ...	2010	20933086
feline bartonellosis.	bartonella infection is common among domestic cats, but the role of bartonella species as feline pathogens requires further study. most bartonella species that infect cats are zoonotic. cats are the mammalian reservoir and vector for bartonella henselae, an important zoonotic agent. cat fleas transmit bartonella among cats, and cats with fleas are an important source of human b henselae infections. new information about bartonella as feline pathogens has recently been published, and this article ...	2010	20933137
large-scale monitoring of imidacloprid susceptibility in the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis.	although on-animal topical treatment with compounds such as imidacloprid has revolutionized the control of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouché) (siphonaptera: pulicidae), the development of insecticide resistance is a continuing threat. as part of a highly co-ordinated and unprecedented resistance monitoring programme for c. felis, 1437 flea isolates were collected by veterinary clinics in australia, germany, france, the u.k. and 29 states in the u.s.a. from 2002 to 2009. about 65% of th ...	2010	21138459
rickettsial infection in domestic mammals and their ectoparasites in el valle de antón, coclé, panamá.	the present research evaluated the presence of rickettsia spp. on ectoparasites of horses and dogs (using pcr techniques), and their sera (using immunofluorescence assay) in el valle de antón town in panama. a total of 20 horses and 20 dogs were sampled, finding four species of ectoparasites on dogs (the ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, and the flea ctenocephalides felis), and two tick species on horses (amblyomma cajennense and dermacentor nitens). dna ...	2010	21144663
development of microsatellites for genetic analyses and population assignment of the cat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae).	cat fleas, ctenocephalidesfelis (bouché) (siphonaptera: pulicidae), are common ectoparasites of companion animals that negatively impact their hosts directly by causing dermatitis and blood loss during feeding and indirectly through the potential transmission of disease causing agents. we isolated and characterized seven novel microsatellite loci from a partial genomic library of the cat flea enriched for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats. we screened these loci in cat fleas from two labora ...	2010	21175050
characterization of ectoparasites in an urban cat (felis catus linnaeus, 1758) population of rio de janeiro, brazil.	ectoparasites are capable of transmitting infectious diseases and, therefore, are of zoonotic concern. cats submitted to a spay/neuter program in the city of rio de janeiro were examined to determine the distribution of ectoparasites in cats from a city with a tropical climate. independent of gender, breed, or age, 292 cats were combed and subjected to otoscopic examination. ectoparasites were collected, and blood samples were taken to determine packed cell volume. the majority of the 292 cats w ...	2010	21181196
acquisition of rickettsia felis by cat fleas during feeding.	evidence for horizontal routes of transmission for rickettsia felis has come from detection of r. felis infection in vertebrates and multiple blood-feeding arthropods; however, infection of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, during blood feeding has not been demonstrated. in this study, the ability of cat fleas to acquire r. felis through an infectious blood meal with subsequent vertical transmission was examined. utilizing an artificial feeding system, rickettsia-naive fleas were exposed to r. f ...	2011	21214386
cat-scratch disease.	cat-scratch disease is a common infection that usually presents as tender lymphadenopathy. it should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin and any lymphadenopathy syndrome. asymptomatic, bacteremic cats with bartonella henselae in their saliva serve as vectors by biting and clawing the skin. cat fleas are responsible for horizontal transmission of the disease from cat to cat, and on occasion, arthropod vectors (fleas or ticks) may transmit the disease to humans. ca ...	2011	21243990
isolation of a rickettsial pathogen from a non-hematophagous arthropod.	rickettsial diversity is intriguing in that some species are transmissible to vertebrates, while others appear exclusive to invertebrate hosts. of particular interest is rickettsia felis, identifiable in both stored product insect pests and hematophagous disease vectors. to understand rickettsial survival tactics in, and probable movement between, both insect systems will explicate the determinants of rickettsial pathogenicity. towards this objective, a population of liposcelis bostrychophila, c ...	2011	21283549
rickettsia felis and bartonella henselae in fleas from lebanon.	a total of 155 fleas collected in 2009 in lebanon from 16 cats (104 ctenocephalides felis specimens, 1 c. canis specimen) and 2 dogs (50 c. canis specimens) were tested for the presence of rickettsia spp. and bartonella spp. using molecular methods, including real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr), regular pcr, and sequencing of amplified pcr products. rickettsia felis, the agent of the emerging flea-borne spotted fever in humans, was identified in 17 (16%) c. felis cat fleas. ba ...	2011	21284512
infestation with the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) among students in kuala lumpur, malaysia.	this paper reports six male undergraduate students living at a local university hostel who were infested with cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae: ctenocephalides felis felis) in february 2009. all of them suffered from maculopapular rashes and severe pruritus after the bites. investigation revealed the presence of a stray cat in the hostel building; five of the students had a history of contact with the cat. six cat fleas were collected at the hostel and identified as c. felis felis. most of the ...	2010	21329307
assay of two 10% (w/v) fipronil spot-on formulations against feline infestations with ctenocephalides felis.	a new fipronil-based spot-on formulation was evaluated against experimental flea infestations in cats in two studies. in both studies, eight cats served as negative controls (groups 1 and 4); on day 0, eight cats were treated with a 10% w/v fipronil-based spot-on solution (effipro spot-on, 0.5ml per cat, groups 2 and 5) and eight cats served as positive controls (frontline spot-on, 0.5ml per cat, groups 3 and 6). each cat was infested on day - 1 with 50 fleas (study 1) and weekly (day 7-day 56) ...	2011	21354841
first probable australian cases of human infection with rickettsia felis (cat-flea typhus).	human infection with rickettsia felis has been reported in most parts of the world, and r. felis has recently been confirmed in cat fleas in western australia. the clinical presentations of r. typhi and r. felis are similar, and in the past, the incidence of r. felis infection may have been underestimated. we describe the first reported cases of probable human r. felis infection in australia. two adults and three children in victoria contracted a rickettsial disease after exposure to fleas from ...	2011	21449868
predictors for abundance of host flea and floor flea in households of villages with endemic commensal rodent plague, yunnan province, china.	from 1990 to 2006, fifty-five natural villages experienced at least one plague epidemic in lianghe county, yunnan province, china. this study is aimed to document flea abundance and identify predictors in households of villages with endemic commensal rodent plague in lianghe county.	2011	21468306
prevalence of rickettsia felis and the first identification of bartonella henselae fizz/cal-1 in cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) from taiwan.	cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis [bouché]) are the primary ectoparasites of dog and cat populations. in this study, we report the monthly population dynamics of rickettsia felis and bartonella spp. (two zoonotic pathogens that can cause human disease) in cat fleas collected from dogs and cats in taipei, taiwan, from december 2006 to december 2007. natural r. felis infection in individual cat fleas was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using prf-, ompb-, and glta-specific primer pairs. ...	2011	21485388
absence of zoonotic bartonella species in questing ticks: first detection of bartonella clarridgeiae and rickettsia felis in cat fleas in the netherlands.	abstract:	2011	21501464
morphology and growth characteristics of cultured leptomonas ctenocephali from ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) of dogs in brazil.	to confirm the taxonomic identification of a trypanosomatid found in the hindgut, rectum and malpighian tubules of dog fleas captured in belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, between april and november of 2005, 910 specimens of ctenocephalides felis felis were removed from street dogs and dissected, and isolates from their digestive tracts were cultivated in nnn-alpha-mem medium. four different morphological forms were observed in culture: long, slender, twisted promastigotes with a long flagell ...	2011	21511398
the cat flea (ctenocephalides f. felis) is the dominant flea on domestic dogs and cats in australian veterinary practices.	this study was undertaken to determine the flea diversity on urban dogs and cats in australia in 2009-2010. a total of 2530 fleas were recovered from 291 animals (151 dogs, 69 cats and 71 uncategorised dogs or cats) from veterinary clinics across five states of australia. the majority of specimens were from coastal areas. the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) was the most frequent flea species identified (98.8%, 2500/2530). the only other flea species identified was the stickfast flea (echi ...	2011	21515000
prevalence of bartonella species, haemoplasmas and toxoplasma gondii in cats in scotland.	the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates for select infectious agents of cats presented to the royal (dick) school of veterinary studies at the university of edinburgh, scotland. whole blood, serum, and oral mucosal and nail bed swabs were collected. while ehrlichia species, anaplasma species or rickettsia felis dna were not amplified from any cat, 44.2% of the cats had evidence of infection or exposure to either a bartonella species (15.3% were seropositive and 5.8% pol ...	2011	21570883
molecular evidence supports the role of dogs as potential reservoirs for rickettsia felis.	abstract rickettsia felis causes flea-borne spotted fever in humans worldwide. the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, serves as vector and reservoir host for this disease agent. to determine the role of dogs as potential reservoir hosts for spotted fever group rickettsiae, we screened blood from 100 pound dogs in southeast queensland by using a highly sensitive genus-specific pcr. nine of the pound dogs were positive for rickettsial dna and subsequent molecular sequencing confirmed amplification o ...	2011	21612534
first report of the isolation and molecular characterization of rickettsia amblyommii and rickettsia felis in central america.	abstract during 2010, 15 adult ticks, identified as amblyomma cajennense, were collected from horses in cahuita and turrialba districts, whereas 7 fleas, identified as ctenocephalides felis, were collected from a dog in san jose city, costa rica. in the laboratory, three a. cajennense specimens, two from cahuita and one from turrialba, were individually processed for rickettsial isolation in cell culture, as was a pool of seven fleas. rickettsiae were successfully isolated and established in ver ...	2011	21612539
presence of ctenocephalides canis (curtis) and ctenocephalides felis (bouch├ë) infesting dogs in the city of aguascalientes, m├ëxico.	abstract prevalence and seasonal distribution of ctenocephalides canis (curtis), and ctenocephalides felis (bouch├®) infestations in urban dogs of the city of aguascalientes, mexico were studied. between january and december 2007, 863 dogs in the municipal canine and feline control center were examined. overall prevalence of infestation was 12% (95% ci 10-14). seasonal distribution revealed that prevalences in spring and summer were highest while autumn and winter had lower prevalences. two infe ...	2011	21671718
First report of Ctenocephalides felis felis on the Asiatic Golden Cat, Catopuma temminckii in Thailand.	The cat flea, Ctenocephalidesfelisfelis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) has been reported to parasitize many species of wild and domestic animals and could serve as a vector of zoonotic pathogens. This is the first report of the presence of cat fleas on the Asiatic Golden Cat, Catopuma temminckii (Carnivora: Felidae), quarantined in Khao Pratabchang Wildlife and Breeding Center, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. The findings of this report may be helpful in evaluating the potential risks associated with ...	2011	21706931
rickettsia felis: from a rare disease in the usa to a common cause of fever in sub-saharan africa.	rickettsia felis is a spotted fever group rickettsia that has been definitely described in 2002. within the last 20 years, there have been a growing number of reports implicating r. felis as a human pathogen, parallel to the fast-growing reports of the worldwide detection of r. felis in arthropod hosts, mainly the cat flea ctenocephalides felis felis. r. felis is now known as the agent of the so-called flea-borne spotted fever, with more than 70 cases documented in the literature. recently, two ...	2011	21722253
[tick (ixodoidea) and flea (siphonaptera) species on three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in erzurum province].	in this study, three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) which died after traffic accidents were examined in terms of ectoparasites, in the province of erzurum in january of 2009. 13 ticks and 74 fleas were collected from the foxes and taken to the laboratory in separate glasses containing 70% alcohol. ticks were taken directly from 70% alcohol and have been identified under the stereo microscope. fleas were cleared in 10% koh solution during 4-13 days and washed in distilled water 3-4 times and were iden ...	2011	21776598
understanding attraction stimuli of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, in non-chemical control methods.	comparisons were conducted of flea catches of four commercially available flea traps in the laboratory and under field conditions, in both rural and urban locations. the results clearly showed the my flea trap™, which utilizes an intermittent light to attract fleas, to be far superior in trapping ability to the three continuous light traps; it caught up to 23 times as many fleas as the other traps. altering the lighting mechanism to provide continuous rather than intermittent light significantly ...	2011	21787369
molecular and functional characterisation of resilin across three insect orders.	resilin is an important elastomeric protein of insects, with roles in the storage and release of energy during a variety of different functional categories including flight and jumping. to date, resilin genes and protein function have been characterised only in a small number of flying insects, despite their importance in fleas and other jumping insects. microscopy and immunostaining studies of resilin in flea demonstrate the presence of resilin pads in the pleural arch at the top of the hind le ...	2011	21878390
efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the ks1 ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting cats.	two studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the ks1 flea strain infesting cats. in both studies the treatment groups were comprised of non-treated controls, 6% w/v selamectin (revolution®; pfizer animal health) topical solution and 10% w/v imidacloprid + 1% w/v moxidectin (advantage multi® for cats, bayer animal health) topical solution. all cats were infested with 100 fleas on days -2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. t ...	2011	21914186
zoonotic bartonella species in fleas and blood from red foxes in australia.	abstract bartonella are arthropod-borne, fastidious, gram-negative, and aerobic bacilli distributed by fleas, lice, sand flies, and, possibly, ticks. the zoonotic bartonella species, bartonella henselae and bartonella clarridgeiae, which are the causes of cat scratch disease and endocarditis in humans, have been reported from cats, cat fleas, and humans in australia. however, to date, there has been no report of b. henselae or b. clarridgeiae in australian wild animals and their ectoparasites. ...	2011	21919728
Horizontal transmission of Rickettsia felis between cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis.	Rickettsia felis is a rickettsial pathogen primarily associated with the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Although laboratory studies have confirmed that R. felis is maintained by transstadial and transovarial transmission in C. felis, distinct mechanisms of horizontal transmission of R. felis among cat fleas are undefined. Based on the inefficient vertical transmission of R. felis by cat fleas and the detection of R. felis in a variety of haematophagous arthropods, we hypothesize that R. felis ...	2011	21967477
rickettsia felis and bartonella spp. in fleas from cats in albania.	abstract fleas can serve as vectors for bacterial pathogens like bartonella and rickettsia species, which have been isolated worldwide. however, the knowledge of the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases in general and thus on flea-borne diseases in albania is limited. therefore, from 78 free-roaming cats in tirana, albania, fleas (371 ctenocephalides felis and 5 ctenocephalides canis) were collected to examine them for the presence of rickettsia and bartonella species. ten of the 371 c. felis ...	2011	21995262
identification of rickettsia felis in fleas but not ticks on stray cats and dogs and the evidence of rickettsia rhipicephali only in adult stage of rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides.	rickettsia spp. are zoonotic pathogens and mainly transmitted by various arthropod vectors, such as fleas, ticks, and lice. previous epidemiological studies indicated that ectoparasites infested on dogs or cats may be infected by rickettsia spp., and transmit them to human beings accidentally. in this study, the prevalence of rickettsia infection was evaluated using fleas and ticks from stray dogs and cats in taiwan. a total of 158 pools made by 451 cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) from 37 dogs ...	2011	22000945
bartonellae in animals and vectors in new caledonia.	bartonellae are gram-negative facultative intracellular alpha-proteobacteria from the family bartonellaceae. the natural history of bartonellae consists of a reservoir/host, which is a vertebrate with chronic intravascular infection with sustained bacteremia, and a vector (usually an arthropod) that transfers the bacteria from the reservoir to a susceptible yet uninfected host. in order to reveal the sources and reservoirs of bartonella infection in animals and vectors in new caledonia, we colle ...	2011	22018646
molecular detection of rickettsia felis, bartonella henselae, and b. clarridgeiae in fleas from domestic dogs and cats in malaysia.	the presence of rickettsia felis, bartonella henselae and b. clarridgeiae in 209 fleas (ctenocephalides felis) obtained from domestic cats and dogs in several locations in malaysia was investigated in this study. using a polymerase chain reaction specific for the citrate synthase (glta) and 17-kd antigenic protein (17kd) genes of rickettsiae, we detected r. felis dna in 6 (2.9%) fleas. for detection of bartonellae, amplification of the heme-binding protein (pap31) and riboflavin synthase (ribc) ...	2011	22049052