Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| maintenance of mosquito vectors: effects of blood source on feeding, survival, fecundity, and egg hatching rates. | artificial membrane-feeding techniques have replaced direct feeding on animals for the maintenance of malaria and arbovirus vectors in many laboratories. membrane feeding facilitates controlled experimentation of pathogen transmission during mosquito feeding. sheep blood is commonly used due to its availability and low cost. we evaluated the impact of blood source (human, guinea pig, sheep, and hamster via direct feeding) on feeding rates, adult survival, fecundity, hatching rates, and developme ... | 2013 | 23701605 |
| susceptibility of anopheles sinensis to plasmodium vivax in malarial outbreak areas of central china. | anopheles sinensis, anopheles anthropophagus, anopheles minimus and anopheles dirus are the major vectors of malaria transmission in china. anopheles sinensis is considered a secondary vector due to its relatively low malaria-transmission ability. however, in 2005, an outbreak of over 40,000 plasmodium vivax malaria cases was reported in areas where anopheles sinensis was the only major vector. therefore, it is necessary to reassess the malaria transmission ability of this vector species in chin ... | 2013 | 23768077 |
| genetic compatibility between anopheles lesteri from korea and anopheles paraliae from thailand. | to assess differentiation and relationships between anopheles lesteri and anopheles paraliae we established three and five iso-female lines of an. lesteri from korea and an. paraliae from thailand, respectively. these isolines were used to investigate the genetic relationships between the two taxa by crossing experiments and by comparing dna sequences of ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and subunit ii (coii). resul ... | 0 | 23778670 |
| the impact of nitric oxide toxicity on the evolution of the glutathione transferase superfamily: a proposal for an evolutionary driving force. | glutathione transferases (gsts) are protection enzymes capable of conjugating glutathione (gsh) to toxic compounds. during evolution an important catalytic cysteine residue involved in gsh activation was replaced by serine or, more recently, by tyrosine. the utility of these replacements represents an enigma because they yield no improvements in the affinity toward gsh or in its reactivity. here we show that these changes better protect the cell from nitric oxide (no) insults. in fact the dinitr ... | 2013 | 23828197 |
| border malaria associated with multidrug resistance on thailand-myanmar and thailand-cambodia borders: transmission dynamic, vulnerability, and surveillance. | this systematic review elaborates the concepts and impacts of border malaria, particularly on the emergence and spread of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance (mdr) malaria on thailand-myanmar and thailand-cambodia borders. border malaria encompasses any complex epidemiological settings of forest-related and forest fringe-related malaria, both regularly occurring in certain transmission areas and manifesting a trend of increased incidence in transmission prone areas al ... | 2013 | 23865048 |
| salivary glands proteins expression of anopheles dirus a fed on plasmodium vivax- and plasmodium falciparum-infected human blood. | mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by the salivary glands which created a protein that works against the haemostasis process. this study aims to investigate the salivary glands proteins expression of 50 adult female an. dirus a mosquitoes, a main vector of malaria in thailand, each group with an age of 5 days which were artificial membrane fed on sugar, normal blood, blood infected with p. vivax, and blood infected with p. falciparum. then mosquito salivary gland proteins were analyze ... | 2013 | 23956841 |
| can topical insect repellents reduce malaria? a cluster-randomised controlled trial of the insect repellent n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) in lao pdr. | mosquito vectors of malaria in southeast asia readily feed outdoors making malaria control through indoor insecticides such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying more difficult. topical insect repellents may be able to protect users from outdoor biting, thereby providing additional protection above the current best practice of llins. | 2013 | 23967083 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection during dry season: igg responses to anopheles gambiae salivary gsg6-p1 peptide as sensitive biomarker for malaria risk in northern senegal. | the northern part of senegal is characterized by a low and seasonal transmission of malaria. however, some plasmodium falciparum infections and malaria clinical cases are reported during the dry season. this study aims to assess the relationship between igg antibody (ab) responses to gsg6-p1 mosquito salivary peptide and the prevalence of p. falciparum infection in children during the dry season in the senegal river valley. the positive association of the ab response to gsg6-p1, as biomarker of ... | 2013 | 23988032 |
| serological responses to a soluble recombinant chimeric plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein in vk210 and vk247 population. | circumsporozoite protein (csp) is essential for sporozoite formation and sporozoite invasion into human hepatocyte. previously, a recombinant p. vivax csp based on chimeric repeats (rpvcsp-c) representing two major alleles vk210 and vk247 within central region has been designed. naturally acquired humoral immune responses study show that antigenicity of rpvcsp-c was much higher than that of native strain. however, the serologic reactivity of rpvcsp-c was still unclear in detail. | 2013 | 24034268 |
| changing malaria transmission and implications in china towards national malaria elimination programme between 2010 and 2012. | towards the implementation of national malaria elimination programme in china since 2010, the epidemiology of malaria has changed dramatically, and the lowest malaria burden was achieved yearly. it is time to analyze the changes of malaria situation based on surveillance data from 2010 to 2012 to reconsider the strategies for malaria elimination. | 2013 | 24040210 |
| outdoor malaria transmission in forested villages of cambodia. | despite progress in malaria control, malaria remains an important public health concern in cambodia, mostly linked to forested areas. large-scale vector control interventions in cambodia are based on the free distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), targeting indoor- and late-biting malaria vectors only. the present study evaluated the vector density, early biting activity and malaria transmission of outdoor-biting malaria vectors in two forested regions in cambodia. | 2013 | 24044424 |
| taxonomic assessment of anopheles crawfordi and an. dangi of the hyrcanus group of subgenus anopheles in vietnam. | anopheles dangi, introduced as a new species of the hyrcanus group of subgenus anopheles in an illustrated dichotomous key for the identification of the anopheles mosquitoes of vietnam published in 1987, was distinguished from anopheles crawfordi based on the presence of a humeral pale spot on the base of the costal vein of the wing. however, this character has been known to occur occasionally in an. crawfordi. to determine whether an. dangi is distinct from an. crawfordi, we analyzed nucleotide ... | 2013 | 24055545 |
| entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in western myanmar. | in a large cluster randomized control trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) in western myanmar the malaria protective effect of itn was found to be highly variable and, in aggregate, the effect was not statistically significant. a coincident entomological investigation measured malaria vector abundance and biting behaviour and the human population sleeping habits, factors relevant to itn effectiveness. | 2013 | 24119994 |
| malaria vectors in the greater mekong subregion: overview of malaria vectors and remaining challenges. | malaria transmission in the greater mekong subregion depends on, among other factors, vector behavior and ecology, and the degree of contact between humans and the anopheles mosquitoes. this chapter will review and update knowledge presented in the 2003 mekong malaria monograph for planning and implementing evidence-based vector control programs. collation of 150 publications and reports showed that the highest number of vector species reported included an. minimus theobald complex (26.74%), an. ... | 2013 | 24159831 |
| positive selection drives accelerated evolution of mosquito salivary genes associated with blood-feeding. | the saliva of bloodsucking animals contains dozens to hundreds of proteins that counteract their hosts' haemostasis, inflammation and immunity. it was previously observed that salivary proteins involved in haematophagy are much more divergent in their primary sequence than those of housekeeping function, when comparisons were made between closely related organisms. while this pattern of evolution could result from relaxed selection or drift, it could alternatively be the result of positive selec ... | 2013 | 24237399 |
| injections, cocktails and diviners: therapeutic flexibility in the context of malaria elimination and drug resistance in northeast cambodia. | adherence to effective malaria medication is extremely important in the context of cambodia's elimination targets and drug resistance containment. although the public sector health facilities are accessible to the local ethnic minorities of ratanakiri province (northeast cambodia), their illness itineraries often lead them to private pharmacies selling "cocktails" and artemether injections, or to local diviners prescribing animal sacrifices to appease the spirits. | 2013 | 24244678 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| chemical composition and insecticidal activity of plant essential oils from benin against anopheles gambiae (giles). | insecticide resistance in sub-saharan africa and especially in benin is a major public health issue hindering the control of the malaria vectors. each anopheles species has developed a resistance to one or several classes of the insecticides currently in use in the field. therefore, it is urgent to find alternative compounds to conquer the vector. in this study, the efficacies of essential oils of nine plant species, which are traditionally used to avoid mosquito bites in benin, were investigate ... | 2013 | 24298981 |
| present and future potential of plant-derived products to control arthropods of veterinary and medical significance. | the use of synthetic pesticides and repellents to target pests of veterinary and medical significance is becoming increasingly problematic. one alternative approach employs the bioactive attributes of plant-derived products (pdps). these are particularly attractive on the grounds of low mammalian toxicity, short environmental persistence and complex chemistries that should limit development of pest resistance against them.several pesticides and repellents based on pdps are already available, and ... | 2014 | 24428899 |
| antibodies to a single, conserved epitope in anopheles apn1 inhibit universal transmission of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria. | malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs) represent a promising approach for the elimination and eradication of this disease. anapn1 is a lead tbv candidate that targets a surface antigen on the midgut of the obligate vector of the plasmodium parasite, the anopheles mosquito. in this study, we demonstrated that antibodies targeting anapn1 block transmission of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax across distantly related anopheline species in countries to which malaria is endemic. usin ... | 2013 | 24478095 |
| first characterization of plasmodium vivax liver stage antigen (pvlsa) using synthetic peptides. | plasmodium vivax is the most widespread human malaria in tropical and subtropical countries, including the republic of korea. vivax malaria is characterized by hypnozoite relapse and long latency infection by the retained liver stage of p. vivax, and somewhat surprisingly, little is known of the liver stage antigens of this parasite. here, we report for the first time the characterization of a liver stage antigen of p. vivax (pvlsa). | 2014 | 24520895 |
| surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in china in the 1980s-1990s. | since the successful preparation of the microplates and the medium for field application, the resistance degree and its geographical distribution of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum, the fluctuation of the resistance degree of p. falciparum to chloroquine, and the sensitivity of the parasite to commonly used antimalarial drugs were investigated between 1980 and 2003 by the in vitro microtest and the in vivo four-week test recommended by the world health organization (who). the results ... | 2014 | 24565422 |
| multigene phylogenetics reveals temporal diversification of major african malaria vectors. | the major vectors of malaria in sub-saharan africa belong to subgenus cellia. yet, phylogenetic relationships and temporal diversification among african mosquito species have not been unambiguously determined. knowledge about vector evolutionary history is crucial for correct interpretation of genetic changes identified through comparative genomics analyses. in this study, we estimated a molecular phylogeny using 49 gene sequences for the african malaria vectors an. gambiae, an. funestus, an. ni ... | 2014 | 24705448 |
| assessment of the prophylactic activity and pharmacokinetic profile of oral tafenoquine compared to primaquine for inhibition of liver stage malaria infections. | as anti-malarial drug resistance escalates, new safe and effective medications are necessary to prevent and treat malaria infections. the us army is developing tafenoquine (tq), an analogue of primaquine (pq), which is expected to be more effective in preventing malaria in deployed military personnel. | 2014 | 24731238 |
| made-to-measure malaria vector control strategies: rational design based on insecticide properties and coverage of blood resources for mosquitoes. | eliminating malaria from highly endemic settings will require unprecedented levels of vector control. to suppress mosquito populations, vector control products targeting their blood hosts must attain high biological coverage of all available sources, rather than merely high demographic coverage of a targeted resource subset, such as humans while asleep indoors. beyond defining biological coverage in a measurable way, the proportion of blood meals obtained from humans and the proportion of bites ... | 2014 | 24739261 |
| igg1 and igg4 antibody responses to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 in the sympatric ethnic groups mossi and fulani in a malaria hyperhendemic area of burkina faso. | human antibody response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 has recently emerged as a potentially useful tool for malaria epidemiological studies and for the evaluation of vector control interventions. however, the current understanding of the host immune response to mosquito salivary proteins and of the possible crosstalk with early response to plasmodium parasites is still very limited. we report here the analysis of igg1 and igg4 subclasses among anti-gsg6 igg responders belonging ... | 2014 | 24760038 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| discovery and evolution of bunyavirids in arctic phantom midges and ancient bunyavirid-like sequences in insect genomes. | bunyaviridae is a large family of rna viruses chiefly comprised of vertebrate and plant pathogens. we discovered novel bunyavirids that are approximately equally divergent from each of the five known genera. we characterized novel genome sequences for two bunyavirids, namely, kigluaik phantom virus (kigv), from tundra-native phantom midges (chaoborus), and nome phantom virus (nomv), from tundra-invading phantom midges, and demonstrated that these bunyavirid-like sequences belong to an infectious ... | 2014 | 24850747 |
| a household randomized, controlled trial of the efficacy of 0.03% transfluthrin coils alone and in combination with long-lasting insecticidal nets on the incidence of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria in western yunnan province, china. | mosquito coils are the most commonly used household insecticidal product in the world with sales exceeding 50 billion coils, used by two billion people worldwide annually. despite strong evidence that coils prevent mosquito bites a systematic review concluded that there is no evidence that burning mosquito coils prevents malaria acquisition. therefore, the current trial was designed to measure and compare prevention of malaria infection by mosquito coils or long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) o ... | 2014 | 24885993 |
| using infective mosquitoes to challenge monkeys with plasmodium knowlesi in malaria vaccine studies. | when rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) are used to test malaria vaccines, animals are often challenged by the intravenous injection of sporozoites. however, natural exposure to malaria comes via mosquito bite, and antibodies can neutralize sporozoites as they traverse the skin. thus, intravenous injection may not fairly assess humoral immunity from anti-sporozoite malaria vaccines. to better assess malaria vaccines in rhesus, a method to challenge large numbers of monkeys by mosquito bite was deve ... | 2014 | 24893777 |
| scalable preparation and differential pharmacologic and toxicologic profiles of primaquine enantiomers. | hematotoxicity in individuals genetically deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) activity is the major limitation of primaquine (pq), the only antimalarial drug in clinical use for treatment of relapsing plasmodium vivax malaria. pq is currently clinically used in its racemic form. a scalable procedure was developed to resolve racemic pq, thus providing pure enantiomers for the first time for detailed preclinical evaluation and potentially for clinical use. these enantiomers were ... | 2014 | 24913163 |
| differential roles of an anopheline midgut gpi-anchored protein in mediating plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax ookinete invasion. | novel strategies to directly thwart malaria transmission are needed to maintain the gains achieved by current control measures. transmission-blocking interventions (tbis), namely vaccines and drugs targeting parasite or mosquito molecules required for vector-stage parasite development, have been recognized as promising approaches for preventing malaria transmission. however, the number of tbi targets is limited and their degree of conservation among the major vector-parasite systems causing huma ... | 2014 | 24929123 |
| pirna pathway gene expression in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles stephensi. | the ability of transposons to mobilize to new places in a genome enables them to introgress rapidly into populations. the pirna pathway has been characterized recently in the germ line of the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, and is responsible for downregulating transposon mobility. transposons have been used as tools in mosquitoes to genetically transform a number of species including anopheles stephensi, a vector of human malaria. these mobile genetic elements also have been proposed as too ... | 2014 | 24947897 |
| primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing p. falciparum transmission. | mosquitoes become infected with plasmodium when they ingest gametocyte-stage parasites from an infected person's blood. plasmodium falciparum gametocytes are sensitive to the drug primaquine (pq) and other 8-aminoquinolines (8aq); these drugs could prevent parasite transmission from infected people to mosquitoes, and consequently reduce the incidence of malaria. however, pq will not directly benefit the individual, and could be harmful to those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) defic ... | 2014 | 24979199 |
| hiv treatments reduce malaria liver stage burden in a non-human primate model of malaria infection at clinically relevant concentrations in vivo. | we have previously shown that the hiv protease inhibitor lopinavir-ritonavir (lpv-rtv) and the antibiotic trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) inhibit plasmodium liver stages in rodent malarias and in vitro in p. falciparum. since clinically relevant levels are better achieved in the non-human-primate model, and since plasmodium knowlesi is an accepted animal model for the study of liver stages of malaria as a surrogate for p. falciparum infection, we investigated the antimalarial activity of ... | 2014 | 24988386 |
| socio-economic determinants for malaria transmission risk in an endemic primary health centre in assam, india. | malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in northeast india. as there is limited information available on the potential influence of socio-economic variables on malaria risk, the present study was conducted to assess the influence of demographic factors, the socio-economic status, and knowledge, awareness and education on malaria occurrence. | 2014 | 24991410 |
| a phase iii trial to evaluate the efficacy, fabric integrity and community acceptance of netprotect using a recommended long-lasting insecticidal net as positive control. | the evaluation of new long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins) is coordinated by the who pesticide evaluation scheme (whopes). in 2007, netprotect® was granted whopes interim recommendation after phase i and ii evaluations. present study evaluates netprotect in a phase iii trial in rural cambodia. | 2014 | 24998677 |
| diversity of anopheles mosquitoes in binh phuoc and dak nong provinces of vietnam and their relation to disease. | human malaria is still a burden in dak nong and binh phuoc provinces in south-central vietnam that border cambodia. several anopheles species that transmit human malarial plasmodium may also transmit wuchereria bancrofti, the nematode that causes bancroftian lymphatic filariasis. the objective of this study was to investigate the role of anopheles species in the transmission of these two pathogens in the two highly malaria endemic provinces of vietnam. | 2014 | 25008314 |
| eliminating plasmodium falciparum in hainan, china: a study on the use of behavioural change communication intervention to promote malaria prevention in mountain worker populations. | in the island of hainan, the great majority of malaria cases occur in mountain worker populations. using the behavioral change communication (bcc) strategy, an interventional study was conducted to promote mountain worker malaria prevention at a test site. this study found the methods and measures that are suitable for malaria prevention among mountain worker populations. | 2014 | 25017319 |
| high prevalence of pfcrt k76t and mdr1 n86y mutations in sonitpur district of assam, india. | present study reports the prevalence and distribution of pfcrt k76t and mdr1 n86y mutations in malaria endemic areas of sonitpur district of assam. out of 163 individuals tested for malaria, 67 (spr = 41.1 %) were detected positive for malaria infection using rapid detection kit in the field and pcr assay in the laboratory. nested pcr-rflp assay was used to amplify pfcrt k76t and mdr1 n86y genes flanking the k76t and n86y mutations. p. falciparum was most abundant (91.04 %) among the three plasm ... | 2013 | 25035579 |
| characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) interventions can reduce malaria transmission by targeting mosquitoes when they feed upon sleeping humans and/or rest inside houses, livestock shelters or other man-made structures. however, many malaria vector species can maintain robust transmission, despite high coverage of llins/irs containing insecticides to which they are physiologically fully susceptible, because they exhibit one or more behaviours that define the b ... | 2014 | 25149656 |
| molecular surveillance of pvdhfr, pvdhps, and pvmdr-1 mutations in plasmodium vivax isolates from yunnan and anhui provinces of china. | plasmodium vivax is the predominant species of human malaria parasites present in china. although sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) and chloroquine (cq) have been widely used for malaria treatment in china, the resistance profiles of these drugs are not available. analysis of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), and multidrug resistance (mdr-1) gene mutations in p. vivax isolates is a valuable molecular approach for mapping resistance to sp and cq. this study investigat ... | 2014 | 25179752 |
| clove (syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. | clove (syzygium aromaticum) is one of the most valuable spices that has been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal purposes. clove is native of indonesia but nowadays is cultured in several parts of the world including brazil in the state of bahia. this plant represents one of the richest source of phenolic compounds such as eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid and posses great potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural applications. this review in ... | 0 | 25182278 |
| zoonotic malaria - global overview and research and policy needs. | the four main plasmodium species that cause human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale, are transmitted between humans by mosquito vectors belonging to the genus anopheles. it has recently become evident that plasmodium knowlesi, a parasite that typically infects forest macaque monkeys, can be transmitted by anophelines to cause malaria in humans in southeast asia. plasmodium knowlesi infections are frequently misdiagnosed microscopically as ... | 2014 | 25184118 |
| molecular evidence of increased resistance to anti-folate drugs in plasmodium falciparum in north-east india: a signal for potential failure of artemisinin plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine combination therapy. | north-east india, being a corridor to south-east asia, is believed to play an important role in transmitting drug resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria to india and south asia. north-east india was the first place in india to record the emergence of drug resistance to chloroquine as well as sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine. presently chloroquine resistance is widespread all over the north-east india and resistance to other anti-malarials is increasing. in this study both in vivo therapeutic efficacy ... | 2014 | 25184337 |
| prevention measures and socio-economic development result in a decrease in malaria in hainan, china. | historically, the incidence of malaria in the hainan province, china has been high. however, since 2001 the malaria incidence in hainan has decreased due to large-scale, public educational, promotional campaigns and the adoption of preventative measures against malaria following the fast growth of socio-economic development. the present study analysed the correlation between prevention measures and social economic development on the incidence of malaria in hainan from 2001 to 2013. | 2014 | 25223723 |
| novel approaches to risk stratification to support malaria elimination: an example from cambodia. | accurate malaria stratification is essential for effective targeting of interventions but represents a particular challenge in pre-elimination settings. in these settings transmission is typically sufficiently low and spatially heterogeneous to warrant a need for estimates of malaria risk at sub-district or village level but is also likely to be sufficiently high to render the type of decision support systems appropriate to the final stages of malaria elimination impractical. in such a scenario ... | 2014 | 25233886 |
| spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in ratanakiri province, cambodia. | malaria incidence worldwide has steadily declined over the past decades. consequently, increasingly more countries will proceed from control to elimination. the malaria distribution in low incidence settings appears patchy, and local transmission hotspots are a continuous source of infection. in this study, species-specific clusters and associated risk factors were identified based on malaria prevalence data collected in the north-east of cambodia. in addition, plasmodium falciparum genetic dive ... | 2014 | 25269827 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| anti-relapse activity of mirincamycin in the plasmodium cynomolgi sporozoite-infected rhesus monkey model. | mirincamycin is a close analog of the drug clindamycin used to treat plasmodium falciparum blood stages. the clinical need to treat plasmodium vivax dormant liver stages and prevent relapse with a drug other than primaquine led to the evaluation of mirinicamycin against liver stages in animals. | 2014 | 25326032 |
| protective efficacy of a plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine in aotus nancymaae is associated with antibodies to the repeat region. | we have previously reported that vivax malaria protein 001 (vmp001), a vaccine candidate based on the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium vivax, is immunogenic in mice and rhesus monkeys in the presence of various adjuvants. in the present study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of vmp001 formulated with a tlr9 agonist in a water-in-oil emulsion. following immunization, the vaccine efficacy was assessed by challenging aotus nancymaae monkeys with p. vivax sporozoites. monkeys from ... | 2014 | 25329054 |
| ecotope-based entomological surveillance and molecular xenomonitoring of multidrug resistant malaria parasites in anopheles vectors. | the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (mdr) malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum or plasmodium vivax have become increasingly important in the greater mekong subregion (gms). mdr malaria is the heritable and hypermutable property of human malarial parasite populations that can decrease in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to proven antimalarial drugs as they exhibit dose-dependent drug resistance and delayed parasite clearance time in treated patients. mdr malaria risk situations ref ... | 2014 | 25349605 |
| are topical insect repellents effective against malaria in endemic populations? a systematic review and meta-analysis. | recommended vector control tools against malaria, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs), mainly target mosquitoes that rest and feed on human hosts indoors. however, in some malaria-endemic areas, such as southeast asia and south america, malaria vectors primarily bite outdoors meaning that llins and irs may be less effective. in these situations the use of topical insect repellents may reduce outdoor biting and morbidity from malaria. a systematic rev ... | 2014 | 25413142 |
| biting patterns and host preference of anopheles epiroticus in chang island, trat province, eastern thailand. | a study of species diversity of anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of chang island, trat province, in eastern thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus cellia and remaining specimens to the subgenus anopheles. five important putative malaria vectors were molecularly identified, ... | 2014 | 25424266 |
| diversity of anopheles species and trophic behavior of putative malaria vectors in two malaria endemic areas of northwestern thailand. | we determined the species diversity, blood-feeding behavior, and host preference of anopheles mosquitoes in two malaria endemic areas of tak (mae sot district) and mae hong son (sop moei district) provinces, located along the thai border with myanmar, during a consecutive two-year period. anopheline mosquitoes were collected using indoor and outdoor human-landing captures and outdoor cow-baited collections. mosquitoes were initially identified using morphological characters, followed by the appr ... | 2014 | 25424272 |
| comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics in a rhesus macaque drug administration study. | we describe a multi-omic approach to understanding the effects that the anti-malarial drug pyrimethamine has on immune physiology in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). whole blood and bone marrow (bm) rna-seq and plasma metabolome profiles (each with over 15,000 features) have been generated for five naïve individuals at up to seven timepoints before, during and after three rounds of drug administration. linear modeling and bayesian network analyses are both considered, alongside investigations o ... | 2014 | 25453034 |
| field evaluation of picaridin repellents reveals differences in repellent sensitivity between southeast asian vectors of malaria and arboviruses. | scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. however, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. among topical repellents, deet is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. the protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, includ ... | 2014 | 25522134 |
| linkage disequilibrium network analysis (ldna) gives a global view of chromosomal inversions, local adaptation and geographic structure. | recent advances in sequencing allow population-genomic data to be generated for virtually any species. however, approaches to analyse such data lag behind the ability to generate it, particularly in nonmodel species. linkage disequilibrium (ld, the nonrandom association of alleles from different loci) is a highly sensitive indicator of many evolutionary phenomena including chromosomal inversions, local adaptation and geographical structure. here, we present linkage disequilibrium network analysi ... | 2015 | 25573196 |
| risk factors for border malaria in a malaria elimination setting: a retrospective case-control study in yunnan, china. | a retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for border malaria in a malaria elimination setting of yunnan province, china. the study comprised 214 cases and 428 controls. the controls were individually matched to the cases on the basis of residence, age, and gender. in addition, statistical associations are based on matched analyses. the frequencies of imported, male, adult, and vivax malaria cases were respectively 201 (93.9%), 194 (90.7%), 210 (98.1%), and 176 (82 ... | 2015 | 25601994 |
| aerobic microbial community of insectary population of phlebotomus papatasi. | microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease. | 2013 | 25629067 |
| human ipsc-derived hepatocyte-like cells support plasmodium liver-stage infection in vitro. | malaria eradication is a major goal in public health but is challenged by relapsing malaria species, expanding drug resistance, and the influence of host genetics on antimalarial drug efficacy. to overcome these hurdles, it is imperative to establish in vitro assays of liver-stage malaria for drug testing. induced pluripotent stem cells (ipsc) potentially allow the assessment of donor-specific drug responses, and ipsc-derived hepatocyte-like cells (ihlcs) can facilitate the study of host genetic ... | 2015 | 25660406 |
| primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing plasmodium falciparum transmission. | mosquitoes become infected with plasmodium when they ingest gametocyte-stage parasites from an infected person's blood. plasmodium falciparum gametocytes are sensitive to 8-aminoquinolines (8aq), and consequently these drugs could prevent parasite transmission from infected people to mosquitoes and reduce the incidence of malaria. however, when used in this way, these drugs will not directly benefit the individual.in 2010, the world health organization (who) recommended a single dose of primaqui ... | 2015 | 25693791 |
| submicroscopic and asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections are common in western thailand - molecular and serological evidence. | malaria is a public health problem in parts of thailand, where plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the main causes of infection. in the northwestern border province of tak parasite prevalence is now estimated to be less than 1% by microscopy. nonetheless, microscopy is insensitive at low-level parasitaemia. the objective of this study was to assess the current epidemiology of falciparum and vivax malaria in tak using molecular methods to detect exposure to and infection with parasites ... | 2015 | 25849211 |
| screening for an ivermectin slow-release formulation suitable for malaria vector control. | the prospect of eliminating malaria is challenged by emerging insecticide resistance and vectors with outdoor and/or crepuscular activity. ivermectin can simultaneously tackle these issues by killing mosquitoes feeding on treated animals and humans. a single oral dose, however, confers only short-lived mosquitocidal plasma levels. | 2015 | 25872986 |
| epidemiology of forest malaria in central vietnam: the hidden parasite reservoir. | after successfully reducing the malaria burden to pre-elimination levels over the past two decades, the national malaria programme in vietnam has recently switched from control to elimination. however, in forested areas of central vietnam malaria elimination is likely to be jeopardized by the high occurrence of asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections as shown by previous reports. this paper presents the results of a malaria survey carried out in a remote forested area of central vietnam where ... | 2015 | 25880664 |
| malaria incidence from 2005-2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in guangdong, china. | the temporal variation of malaria incidence has been linked to meteorological factors in many studies, but key factors observed and corresponding effect estimates were not consistent. furthermore, the potential effect modification by individual characteristics is not well documented. this study intends to examine the delayed effects of meteorological factors and the sub-population's susceptibility in guangdong, china. | 2015 | 25881185 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax population before elimination of malaria in hainan province, china. | hainan province is one of the most severe endemic regions with high transmission of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in china. however, the incidence of p. falciparum and p. vivax has dropped dramatically since 2007 and a national elimination malaria programme (nemp) was launched after 2010. to better understand the genetic information on p. vivax population before elimination of malaria in hainan province, the extent of genetic diversity of p. vivax isolates in hainan province was inv ... | 2015 | 25888891 |
| re-imagining malaria: heterogeneity of human and mosquito behaviour in relation to residual malaria transmission in cambodia. | in certain regions in southeast asia, where malaria is reduced to forested regions populated by ethnic minorities dependent on slash-and-burn agriculture, malaria vector populations have developed a propensity to feed early and outdoors, limiting the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llin) and indoor residual spraying (irs). the interplay between heterogeneous human, as well as mosquito behaviour, radically challenges malaria control in such residual transmission contexts. ... | 2015 | 25908498 |
| coverage, use and maintenance of bed nets and related influence factors in kachin special region ii, northeastern myanmar. | myanmar is one of the 31 highest burden malaria countries worldwide. scaling up the appropriate use of insecticide-treated nets (itns) is a national policy for malaria prevention and control. however, the data on use, influencing factors and maintenance of bed nets is still lack among the population in kachin special region ii (kr2), northeastern myanmar. | 2015 | 25990715 |
| plasmodium knowlesi - an emerging pathogen. | ten years have passed since the publication of a large focus of plasmodium knowlesi infections in the human population. the discovery was made during a molecular investigation of atypical p. malariae cases in the kapit health division, sarawak, malaysian borneo. patients were more symptomatic with higher parasite counts than expected in p. malariae infections. the investigation found only p. knowlesi dna present in patient blood samples. morphological similarity had allowed p. knowlesi to masque ... | 2015 | 26029250 |
| establishment of the ivermectin research for malaria elimination network: updating the research agenda. | the potential use of ivermectin as an additional vector control tool is receiving increased attention from the malaria elimination community, driven by the increased importance of outdoor/residual malaria transmission and the threat of insecticide resistance where vector tools have been scaled-up. this report summarizes the emerging evidence presented at a side meeting on "ivermectin for malaria elimination: current status and future directions" at the annual meeting of the american society of t ... | 2015 | 26068560 |
| rna-seq based phylogeny recapitulates previous phylogeny of the genus flaveria (asteraceae) with some modifications. | the genus flaveria has been extensively used as a model to study the evolution of c4 photosynthesis as it contains c3 and c4 species as well as a number of species that exhibit intermediate types of photosynthesis. the current phylogenetic tree of the genus flaveria contains 21 of the 23 known flaveria species and has been previously constructed using a combination of morphological data and three non-coding dna sequences (nuclear encoded ets, its and chloroplast encoded trnl-f). | 2015 | 26084484 |
| malaria and the mobile and migrant population in cambodia: a population movement framework to inform strategies for malaria control and elimination. | the relationships between human population movement (hpm) and health are a concern at global level. in the case of malaria, those links are crucial in relation to the spread of drug resistant parasites and to the elimination of malaria in the greater mekong sub-region (gms) and beyond. the mobile and migrant populations (mmp) who are involved in forest related activities are both at high risk of being infected with malaria and at risk of receiving late and sub-standard treatment due to poor acce ... | 2015 | 26088924 |
| from genome-scale data to models of infectious disease: a bayesian network-based strategy to drive model development. | high-throughput, genome-scale data present a unique opportunity to link host to pathogen on a molecular level. forging such connections will help drive the development of mathematical models to better understand and predict both pathogen behavior and the epidemiology of infectious diseases, including malaria. however, the datasets that can aid in identifying these links and models are vast and not amenable to simple, reductionist, and univariate analyses. these datasets require data mining in or ... | 2015 | 26093035 |
| heterochromatin, histone modifications, and nuclear architecture in disease vectors. | interactions between a pathogen and a vector are plastic and dynamic. such interactions can be more rapidly accommodated by epigenetic changes than by genetic mutations. gene expression can be affected by the proximity to the heterochromatin, by local histone modifications, and by the three-dimensional position within the nucleus. recent studies of disease vectors indicate that gene regulation by these factors can be important for susceptibility to pathogens, reproduction, immunity, development, ... | 0 | 26097808 |
| modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system. | efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying. although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. in this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to ... | 2015 | 26104719 |
| humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of anopheles dirus mosquitoes in south-central vietnam. | recent studies have described natural human infections of the non-human primate parasites plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium cynomolgi. in southeast asia, mosquitoes of the anopheles leucosphyrus group bite both humans and monkeys in the forest and thus offer a possible route for plasmodium species to bridge the species barrier. in this study we analysed the species composition of malarial sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of anopheles dirus in order to determine their potential role as ... | 2015 | 26178324 |
| past and new challenges for malaria control and elimination: the role of operational research for innovation in designing interventions. | this meeting report presents the outcomes of a workshop held in bangkok on december 1st 2014, where the following challenges were discussed: the threat of resistance to artemisinin and artemisinin-based combination therapy in the greater mekong sub-region (gms) and in africa; access to treatment for most at risk and hard to reach population; insecticide resistance, residual and outdoors transmission. the role of operational research and the interactions between research institutions, national ma ... | 2015 | 26185098 |
| improvement of culture conditions for long-term in vitro culture of plasmodium vivax. | the study of the biology, transmission and pathogenesis of plasmodium vivax is hindered due to the lack of a robustly propagating, continuous culture of this parasite. the current culture system for p. vivax parasites still suffered from consistency and difficulties in long-term maintenance of parasites in culture and for providing sufficient biological materials for studying parasite biology. therefore, further improvement of culture conditions for p. vivax is needed. | 2015 | 26243280 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| remarkable repellency of ligusticum sinense (umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of anopheles minimus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | for personal protection against mosquito bites, user-friendly natural repellents, particularly from plant origin, are considered as a potential alternative to applications currently based on synthetics such as deet, the standard chemical repellent. this study was carried out in thailand to evaluate the repellency of ligusticum sinense hexane extract (lhe) against laboratory anopheles minimus and aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of malaria and dengue fever, respectively. | 2015 | 26249666 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| high mobility and low use of malaria preventive measures among the jarai male youth along the cambodia-vietnam border. | malaria control along the vietnam-cambodia border presents a challenge for both countries' malaria elimination targets as the region is forested, inhabited by ethnic minority populations, and potentially characterized by early and outdoor malaria transmission. a mixed methods study assessed the vulnerability to malaria among the jarai population living on both sides of the border in the provinces of ratanakiri (cambodia) and gia lai (vietnam). a qualitative study generated preliminary hypotheses ... | 2015 | 26283747 |
| traditional uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivities of cananga odorata (ylang-ylang). | ylang-ylang (cananga odorata hook. f. & thomson) is one of the plants that are exploited at a large scale for its essential oil which is an important raw material for the fragrance industry. the essential oils extracted via steam distillation from the plant have been used mainly in cosmetic industry but also in food industry. traditionally, c. odorata is used to treat malaria, stomach ailments, asthma, gout, and rheumatism. the essential oils or ylang-ylang oil is used in aromatherapy and is bel ... | 2015 | 26294929 |
| efficacy of essential oil from cananga odorata (lamk.) hook.f. & thomson (annonaceae) against three mosquito species aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles dirus (peyton and harrison), and culex quinquefasciatus (say). | the essential oil of cananga odorata flowers was evaluated for oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal, insecticidal, and repellent activities toward three mosquito species: aedes aegypti, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. oviposition deterrence of the oil was evaluated on gravid females using oviposition deterrence bioassay. the results showed that 10 % ca. odorata exhibited high percent effective repellency against oviposition at 99.4 % to ae. aegypti, 97.1 % to an. dirus, and 100 % to cx. ... | 2015 | 26337270 |
| population dynamics and community structure of anopheles mosquitoes along the china-myanmar border. | understanding the ecology of malaria vectors such as species composition and population dynamics is essential for developing cost-effective strategies to control mosquito vector populations. | 2015 | 26338527 |
| improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against aedes aegypti (linn.) and anopheles dirus (peyton and harrison). | repellency of essential oil extracted from curcuma longa, eucalyptus globulus, and citrus aurantium at various concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 %) with and without 5 % vanillin was evaluated against female mosquitoes: aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus. the comparisons were made with a commercial chemical repellent (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) 25 % w/w; kor yor 15) by arm in cage method. it was found that the essential oils with 5 % vanillin gave the longest lasting period against t ... | 2016 | 26358103 |
| confirmed plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in central vietnam. | plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (cq) is currently reported in almost all countries where p. vivax is endemic. in vietnam, despite a first report on p. vivax resistance to chloroquine published in the early 2000s, p. vivax was still considered sensitive to cq. between may 2009 and december 2011, a 2-year cohort study was conducted in central vietnam to assess the recommended radical cure regimen based on a 10-day course of primaquine (0.5 mg/kg/day) together with 3 days of cq (25 mg/kg ... | 2015 | 26392501 |
| the relationship between wing length, blood meal volume, and fecundity for seven colonies of anopheles species housed at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences, bangkok, thailand. | established colonies of anopheles campestris, anopheles cracens, anopheles dirus, anopheles kleini, anopheles minimus, anopheles sawadwongporni, and anopheles sinensis are maintained at the armed forces research institute of medical sciences (afrims). females were provided blood meals on human blood containing citrate as an anticoagulant using an artificial membrane feeder. the mean wing length, used as an estimate of body size, for each species was compared to blood-feeding duration (time), blo ... | 2015 | 26433074 |
| malaria ecology along the thailand-myanmar border. | malaria in southeast asia frequently clusters along international borders. for example, while most of thailand is malaria free, the border region shared with myanmar continues to have endemic malaria. this spatial pattern is the result of complex interactions between landscape, humans, mosquito vectors, and malaria parasites. an understanding of these complex ecological and socio-cultural interactions is important for designing and implementing malaria elimination efforts in the region. this art ... | 2015 | 26437860 |
| a cost-effectiveness analysis of plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination in hainan province, 2002-2012. | in hainan province, china, great achievements in elimination of falciparum malaria have been made since 2010. there have been no locally acquired falciparum malaria cases since that time. the cost-effectiveness of elimination of falciparum malaria has been analyzed in hainan province. there were 4,422 falciparum malaria cases reported from 2002 to 2012, more cases occurred in males than in females. from 2002 to 2012, a total of 98.5 disability-adjusted life years (dalys) were reported because of ... | 2015 | 26438030 |
| comparison of epsilon- and delta-class glutathione s-transferases: the crystal structures of the glutathione s-transferases dmgste6 and dmgste7 from drosophila melanogaster. | cytosolic glutathione transferases (gsts) comprise a large family of enzymes with canonical structures that diverge functionally and structurally among mammals, invertebrates and plants. whereas mammalian gsts have been characterized extensively with regard to their structure and function, invertebrate gsts remain relatively unstudied. the invertebrate gsts do, however, represent potentially important drug targets for infectious diseases and agricultural applications. in addition, it is essentia ... | 2015 | 26457432 |
| artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates can infect diverse mosquito vectors of southeast asia and africa. | artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum parasites are rapidly spreading in southeast asia, yet nothing is known about their transmission. this knowledge gap and the possibility that these parasites will spread to africa endanger global efforts to eliminate malaria. here we produce gametocytes from parasite clinical isolates that displayed artemisinin resistance in patients and in vitro, and use them to infect native and non-native mosquito vectors. we show that contemporary artemisinin-resis ... | 2015 | 26485448 |
| epsilon glutathione transferases possess a unique class-conserved subunit interface motif that directly interacts with glutathione in the active site. | epsilon class glutathione transferases (gsts) have been shown to contribute significantly to insecticide resistance. we report a new epsilon class protein crystal structure from drosophila melanogaster for the glutathione transferase dmgste6. the structure reveals a novel epsilon clasp motif that is conserved across hundreds of millions of years of evolution of the insect diptera order. this histidine-serine motif lies in the subunit interface and appears to contribute to quaternary stability as ... | 2015 | 26487708 |
| combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and metabolomic data in support of dry-season survival in the two main species of the malarial mosquito anopheles gambiae. | in dry savannahs of west-africa, the malarial mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae sensu stricto complex annually survive the harsh desiccating conditions of the dry season. however, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying how these mosquitoes survive such desiccating conditions are still undefined, and controversial. in this context, we provide the first work examining both proteomic and metabolomic changes in the two molecular forms of a. gambiae s.s (m and s forms) experimental ... | 2015 | 26543889 |
| factors influencing the use of topical repellents: implications for the effectiveness of malaria elimination strategies. | in cambodia, despite an impressive decline in prevalence over the last 10 years, malaria is still a public health problem in some parts of the country. this is partly due to vectors that bite early and outdoors reducing the effectiveness of measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets. repellents have been suggested as an additional control measure in such settings. as part of a cluster-randomized trial on the effectiveness of topical repellents in controlling malaria infections at community ... | 2015 | 26574048 |
| characterizing types of human mobility to inform differential and targeted malaria elimination strategies in northeast cambodia. | human population movements currently challenge malaria elimination in low transmission foci in the greater mekong subregion. using a mixed-methods design, combining ethnography (n = 410 interviews), malariometric data (n = 4996) and population surveys (n = 824 indigenous populations; n = 704 khmer migrants) malaria vulnerability among different types of mobile populations was researched in the remote province of ratanakiri, cambodia. different structural types of human mobility were identified, ... | 2015 | 26593245 |
| plasmodium evasion of mosquito immunity and global malaria transmission: the lock-and-key theory. | plasmodium falciparum malaria originated in africa and became global as humans migrated to other continents. during this journey, parasites encountered new mosquito species, some of them evolutionarily distant from african vectors. we have previously shown that the pfs47 protein allows the parasite to evade the mosquito immune system of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. here, we investigated the role of pfs47-mediated immune evasion in the adaptation of p. falciparum to evolutionarily distant mosqui ... | 2015 | 26598665 |
| microscopic plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia and infectivity to mosquitoes in cambodia. | although gametocytes are essential for malaria transmission, in africa many falciparum-infected persons without smear-detectable gametocytes still infect mosquitoes. to see whether the same is true in southeast asia, we determined the infectiousness of 119 falciparum-infected cambodian adults to anopheles dirus mosquitoes by membrane feeding. just 5.9% of subjects infected mosquitoes. the 8.4% of patients with smear-detectable gametocytes were >20 times more likely to infect mosquitoes than thos ... | 2016 | 26667316 |
| diagnosis of an imported plasmodium ovale wallikeri infection in malaysia. | plasmodium ovale is rare and not exactly known to be autochthonous in malaysia. there are two distinct forms of the parasite, namely p. ovale curtisi (classic form) and p. ovale wallikeri (variant form). here, the first sequence confirmed case of an imported p. ovale wallikeri infection in malaysia is presented. microscopy found plasmodium parasites with morphology similar to p. ovale or plasmodium vivax in the blood films. further confirmation using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the ... | 2016 | 26738724 |