Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of doramectin against boophilus microplus in cattle. | one therapeutic and one persistent efficacy study were conducted in brazil to evaluate doramectin at a dose rate of 200 micrograms kg-1 against induced infestations of the single host tick, boophilus microplus. doramectin was highly effective in eliminating established tick populations from cattle and also in preventing infestation by the parasite. in the therapeutic study, 12 calves were infested three times a week along the dorsal line with 2500 recently hatched larvae, for a total of 11 times ... | 1993 | 8236733 |
| [the cattle tick boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1888) (acarina, ixodidae)]. | the external morphology and life cycle of boophilus microplus--a cattle tick--were given. the control of ticks as well as host resistance to ticks were also mentioned. | 1993 | 8237003 |
| native and baculovirus-expressed forms of the immuno-protective protein bm86 from boophilus microplus are anchored to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol linkage. | a glycoprotein (bm86) from the gut cells of the cattle tick boophilus microplus, when used to vaccinate cattle, has been shown to protect cattle from tick infestation. a recombinant bm86 protein is the principal component of a novel tick vaccine currently under development. the nature of the anchorage of bm86 to tick gut epithelial cells has been investigated using bm86 from b. microplus and recombinant bm86 proteins expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. bm86 from b. ... | 1993 | 8269092 |
| stagewise mortality, ovipositional biology, and egg viability of boophilus annulatus (acari: ixodidae) on boselaphus tragocamelus (artiodactyla: bovidae). | the stagewise mortality, ovipositional biology, and egg viability of the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus (say), on nilgai antelope, boselaphus tragocamelus pallas, was compared with ticks reared on bos taurus (hereford) cattle. mortality was highest during the larval stage on both host species, but larval mortality on nilgai (78.6%) was significantly higher than on cattle (45.6%) hosts. mortality during the nymphal stage was also significantly higher on nilgai (49.3%) than on cattle (13.9%). du ... | 1993 | 8271258 |
| localization of a low abundance membrane protein (bm86) on the gut cells of the cattle tick boophilus microplus by immunogold labeling. | a preembedding immunogold technique was used to locate bm86, an antigen from the gut digest cells of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. gut from partially engorged female ticks was everted to expose the cells, lightly fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and then incubated in rabbit antisera against a recombinant form of bm86. following incubation in a secondary antibody conjugated to 1-nm colloidal gold, bm86 antigenic sites were visualized for both light and electron microscopy using silver enhance ... | 1993 | 8277383 |
| the camel, camelus dromedarius, as a host of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | 1993 | 8368973 | |
| the nucleotidase of boophilus microplus and its relationship to enzymes from the rat and escherichia coli. | boophilus microplus contains a nucleotidase-like enzyme which is able to hydrolyze a range of nucleoside 5'-mono-, di- and triphosphates to the nucleoside. its relationship to several other nucleotide hydrolyzing enzymes has been explored. limited peptide sequencing shows similarities to both mammalian nucleotidases and the escherichia coli uridine diphosphate sugar hydrolase. the tick enzyme also hydrolyzes udp-glucose, though by a mechanism different to that of the bacterial enzyme. on the oth ... | 1993 | 8387372 |
| inhibition and recovery of tick functions in cattle repeatedly infested with boophilus microplus. | six tick-naive male hereford calves were infested with about 18,000 boophilus microplus larvae, 400 in a cloth bag, once a month for 6 mo. working with the bag ticks, 12 tick characteristics were recorded for each infestation. manifestations of resistance to some attributes appeared by the second infestation, peaked by the third (detachment weight, egg weight, fertility index) or fourth (feeding length, start of oviposition), and vanished by the fifth or sixth. resistance to corpse weight, ovipo ... | 1993 | 8410542 |
| effects of cattle tick (boophilus microplus) infestation on the bovine immune system. | the immunosuppressive effect of experimental boophilus microplus infestation on bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and on host antibody production to a protein antigen (ovalbumin) was examined. boophilus microplus infestation caused a marginal decrease in the percentage of t lymphocytes in pbl, which was observed in both lightly (5000 larvae) and heavily (40,000 larvae) infested cattle, and began at the second infestation and continued until the end of the fourth infestation. the percenta ... | 1993 | 8493757 |
| adhesion to and invasion of cultured tick (acarina: ixodidae) cells by borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) and maintenance of infectivity. | lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, interact with cultured tick cells in ways similar to those reported to occur in the vector ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin. spirochete adhesion and penetration were examined using a cell line from embryos of rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann that morphologically resembles tick gut cells, rae25. cocultivation of b. burgdorferi with these cells permitted prolonged maintenance of infectivity for hamsters. borrelial adherence to ... | 1993 | 8510118 |
| changing patterns of vitellin-related peptides during development of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the major components of protein extracts from the cattle tick boophilus microplus eggs and larvae of various ages were characterized by molecular sieving chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and sds-page. the fractions analysed showed a changing chromatographic pattern development. a serum raised against the components of a fraction showing characteristics of vitellin strongly reacted in western blots with the major peptides of extracts from eggs, larvae, gut and ovary. comparison of patt ... | 1995 | 8521746 |
| the effects of continuous and intermittent delivery of antigens of boophilus microplus on the development of murine antibodies. | protective antigens solubilised from the membranes of the midgut (li-gm) of the adult cattle tick boophilus microplus were delivered to mice either continuously for up to 4 weeks from osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously or intermittently in a pulsatile fashion by injections or by a combination of both modes of delivery. the effects of delivery profile on antigen specific antibody levels and avidity were compared. li-gm delivered either by three injections (weeks 0, 2 and 4), or continuously f ... | 1995 | 8533285 |
| carboxydipeptidase from boophilus microplus: a "concealed" antigen with similarity to angiotensin-converting enzyme. | a protein, bm91, which was first identified as a protective vaccine antigen from the tick boophilus microplus, has regions of very strong amino acid sequence similarity to mammalian carboxydipeptidases or angiotensin converting enzymes (ace; e.c. 3.4.15.1). this protein is now shown to share many biochemical and enzymatic properties with mammalian carboxydipeptidases. it is enzymatically active in a conventional assay for ace using hippuryl-gly-gly as substrate. the hydrolysis of the c-terminal ... | 1995 | 8541886 |
| boophilus microplus: multiple proteolytic activities in the midgut. | 1996 | 8617328 | |
| costs of major parasites to the australian livestock industries. | a cost-benefit model is developed to estimate the costs of major parasites to australian livestock industries and to evaluate the benefits from improving parasite management. the model disaggregates the australian livestock industries into agro-climatic regions and various stock classes to estimate the total treatment and production loss costs of major parasites. experimental trials and a computer simulation model are used to estimate the productivity of livestock under different treatment regim ... | 1995 | 8635886 |
| functional bovine immunoglobulins in boophilus microplus hemolymph. | the aim of the present work was to quantify the passage of bovine immunoglobulins into the hemolymph of the tick boophilus microplus during the feeding process and to determine their antibody activity. the knowledge is of paramount importance when vector control or blocking of disease transmission is attempted by vaccination of cattle. approximately 2% of bovine immunoglobulin present in the serum as determined by competitive elisa was demonstrated in hemolymph of b. microplus and antibody activ ... | 1996 | 8638388 |
| catabolism of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine by monoamine oxidase in the ixodid tick, amblyomma hebraeum. | the purpose of this study was to assess biogenic amine catabolism in amblyomma hebraeum koch (an african cattle tick). we assayed haemolymph and saliva for a variety of biogenic amines (usually following injection of substrate into the haemolymph) in partially fed females using hplc coupled to electrochemical detection. dopamine (da) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) were rapidly converted to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa) respectively, indicating that mo ... | 1996 | 8673075 |
| effect of vaccination with a recombinant bm86 antigen preparation on natural infestations of boophilus microplus in grazing dairy and beef pure and cross-bred cattle in brazil. | current methods for the control of the cattle tick boophilus microplus infestations are not effective and the parasite remains a serious problem for the cattle industry in tropical and sub-tropical areas. recent advances have introduced the possibility for the immunological control of the parasite through the use of recombinant vaccines. recently, it was shown that the recombinant vaccine gavac (heber biotec s.a.) is able to control b. microplus populations in artificially infected grazing dairy ... | 1995 | 8701597 |
| light microscopy diagnosis of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina kinetes in the haemolymph of artificially infected boophilus microplus engorged female ticks. | the length, width and position of the nucleus of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina kinetes from the haemolymph of boophilus microplus engorged female ticks were recorded. additionally, the shape of babesia bovis kinetes were registered as curved, semi-curved or straight. to this aim boophilus microplus tick larvae from a colony free of babesia were fed on splenectomised calves artificially infected with either babesia bovis or babesia bigemina pathogenic strains. six engorged female ticks showi ... | 1996 | 8750679 |
| morphology and development of anaplasma marginale in midgut of engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus. | morphology and development of anaplasma marginale were studied in midgut epithelial cells of adult boophilus microplus females using light and transmission electron microscopy. hemoparasite-free b. microplus larvae were used to infest holstein calves experimentally inoculated with a. marginale. when a. marginale parasitemia varied from 0.4% to 4.3%, 140 engorged female ticks were collected and kept individually in steel wire tubes and incubated outdoors on brachiaria decumbens grass pasture. fem ... | 1996 | 8750681 |
| incidence and intensity of babesia spp. sporokinetes in engorged boophilus microplus from a dairy herd in venezuela. | the objective of this study was to determine the incidence and intensity of babesia spp. sporokinetes in hemolymph of engorged females (ef) boophilus microplus monthly detached from two herds of a local dairy breed of cattle named carora breed. the experimental herds were located in 2 ranches, 45 km apart, having different management of tick control (tc). proper methods of tc were commonly used at ranch "a," whereas ineffective methods were used at ranch "b," babesia spp. sporokinetes were diagn ... | 1996 | 8784496 |
| age and weight relationship in boophilus microplus (ixodoidea: ixodidae) larvae. | the study of the age of free-living stages of ticks is not a frequent subject in acarology research. baseline knowledge and some possible applications both in research and in tick control are to be considered. sixty engorged females were incubated at 28 +/- 1 degrees c and 100% relative humidity. age zero of larvae was established at 10 days after the beginning of eclosion. larvae were weighted in paper envelopes in groups ranging from 150 to 400 each. live weight means (lwm) and dry weight mean ... | 1996 | 8784504 |
| light microscopy diagnosis of babesia bovis and b. bigemina kinetes in the hemolymph of artificially infected boophilus microplus engorged female ticks. | 1996 | 8784530 | |
| immunological cross-reactivity between salivary gland proteins of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus ticks. | immunological cross-reactivity was established between salivary gland extract antigens of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (h.a.a) and boophilus microplus (b.m.), using native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-page), immunoblotting, dot-enzyme immunoassay (dot-eia) and in vivo intra-dermal skin test revealing immediate type hypersensitivity swelling reaction. native-page revealed six proteins in common of molecular weights of 60, 66, 148, 264, 300 and > 300 kda in the salivary gland extra ... | 1996 | 8792571 |
| formulation of integrated control of boophilus microplus in paraguay: analysis of natural infestations. | a 3-year study into the seasonal variation in the numbers of boophilus microplus ticks infesting three breeds of beef cattle in paraguay was carried out to provide the basic data necessary to formulate tick control recommendations. the effect of tick burden on weight gain was also analysed. economic parameters for tick control were calculated. half body counts of standard female b. microplus were carried out every 2 weeks, at the same time engorged female ticks were placed in the field to observ ... | 1996 | 8792584 |
| simulation of control strategies for the cattle tick boophilus microplus employing vaccination with a recombinant bm86 antigen preparation. | current strategies for the control of the cattle tick boophilus microplus include the use of chemicals as the principal control method. these methods, however, have met with partially successful results. the recent development of immunological methods for the control of the cattle tick has opened new possibilities for the design of control strategies. employing the results obtained by us in experiments testing the effect of vaccination with the recombinant vaccine, gavac (heber biotec s.a.), on ... | 1996 | 8792587 |
| the efficacy of amitraz against cattle ticks in tanzania. | the efficacy of amitraz on cattle ticks was assessed by susceptibility tests, spraying and dipping trials. tests on the susceptibility of three tick species, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum and boophilus decoloratus to amitraz (technical grade-purity 98.6% w/w) showed all 15 tick strains tested to be highly susceptible, with lc50 ranging between 0.001% and 0.03%, and lc99, between 0.01% and 0.07%. spraying trials were carried out on calves infested with r. appendiculatus, a. v ... | 1996 | 8856759 |
| biochemical characterization of the recombinant boophilus microplus bm86 antigen expressed by transformed pichia pastoris cells. | in the present paper we report the biochemical characteristics of the recombinant tick (boophilus microplus) gut antigen bm86 that previously has been cloned, expressed and recovered at high levels in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the results demonstrate that rbm86 had a modification at position 92 (thr replaced by ile) and aggregated, forming particles ranging between 17 and 40 nm. the rbm86 was n-glycosylated, having at least two non-glycosylated sequons (asn-329 and asn-363) and a ... | 1996 | 8867893 |
| endocytosis by digest cells of the cattle tick boophilus microplus: regulation by protein kinase c. | endocytosis of fluorescently-labeled bovine serum albumin by digest cells of the gut of the cattle tick boophilus microplus is inhibited by approx 60% in the presence of the tumour promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. the results are consistent with a role for protein kinase c in regulating the uptake of blood meal by digest cells. protein kinase c activity has been measured in the digest cell and the amount of enzyme has also been determined using a phorbol ester binding assay. the pr ... | 1996 | 8882657 |
| vaccination against worm parasites of animals. | the 1990s have seen the culmination of decades of painstaking research with the registration and launch of tickgard (hoechst), a recombinant vaccine against boophilus microplus, and the provisional registration of a taenia ovis vaccine. research continues to hold promise for immunological control of echinococcus, fasciola, haemonchus, trichostrongylus and ostertagia. blood-sucking parasites (e.g. ticks and h. contortus) are susceptible to control by vaccines containing 'novel' or 'concealed' ant ... | 1996 | 8893462 |
| integrated tick and tick-borne disease control trials in crossbred dairy cattle in malawi. | crossbred dairy heifers on a farm in an east coast fever (ecf) endemic area in malawi were immunised against theileria parva, anaplasma spp., babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and cowdria ruminantium. they were treated at infrequent intervals with chlorfenvinphos to limit infestation with adult ticks, without providing complete tick control. in one trial, which tested a threshold dipping regimen, 20 heifers were dipped only once in 6 months to control a flush of boophilus microplus. unimmunised co ... | 1996 | 8983132 |
| uniformity of protective antigens among isolates of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | gut membrane antigens were extracted from ten isolates of the cattle tick boophilus microplus; the antigen extracts were probed with bovine antisera and three murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in western blots and dot-elisa. the antisera had been obtained from cattle which were vaccinated with larval and gut extracts of b. microplus, and which were subsequently protected (84% and 94% respectively) against challenge with b. microplus. one of the mabs (qu13) has been demonstrated to precipitate ... | 1996 | 8994130 |
| suppression of boophilus microplus populations with fluazuron--an acarine growth regulator. | 1996 | 9006870 | |
| [vaccines against parasitic diseases of domestic animals]. | this review presents short information on the present status and some future perspectives of vaccination against parasitoses of domestic animals. for the control of such parasitoses in some european countries only a few vaccines are registered: paracox and livacox (for coccidiosis in chickens), toxovax (for toxoplasmosis in sheep), pirodog (for babesiosis in dogs) and dictol (for dictyocaulosis in cattle). these are live vaccines containing attenuated parasites, except pirodog. as a world-wide i ... | 1996 | 9012013 |
| the history of the cattle tick boophilus microplus in australia and achievements in its control. | for more than 100 years, tick fever and the cattle tick have caused tremendous financial loss to cattle producers around the world. since australia became infected with the disease and infested with its tick vector in the mid-19th century, a great deal of research effort has been directed towards their effective control by australian farmers, administrators and scientists. such research has yielded information which has facilitated the development of various control strategies that have equal ap ... | 1996 | 9024884 |
| transmission of anaplasma marginale with adult boophilus microplus ticks fed as nymphs on calves with different levels of rickettsaemia. | nine splenectomised calves were infested with dissimilar numbers of adult boophilus microplus ticks 72 h after collection as engorged nymphs from three non splenectomised calves with different levels of anaplasma marginale rickettsaemia. successful transmission of a. marginale appeared to be more dependent on the level of rickettsaemia of the donor calves than on the number of ticks attaching to the splenectomised calves, since infection was transmitted only when the rickettsaemia was 0.3% or gr ... | 1994 | 9140508 |
| large-scale production in pichia pastoris of the recombinant vaccine gavac against cattle tick. | a gene coding for the bm86 tick protein was recently cloned, expressed in pichia pastoris and shown to induce an inmunological response in cattle against ticks. moreover, the gavac vaccine (heber biotec s.a., havana, cuba), which contains this recombinant protein, has proved to control the boophilus microplus populations under field conditions. this paper reviews the development and large-scale production of this vaccine, the efficacy of the resulting product and the strategy followed in designi ... | 1997 | 9141213 |
| monoclonal antibodies against boophilus microplus and their effects on tick reproductive efficiency. | four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against extracts of embryo and gut tissue obtained from fully engorged boophilus microplus were produced. the mab brbml reacted with different instars and tissues, the brbm2 recognized only antigens present in gut extract and the mabs brbm3 and brbm4 recognized vitellin. the effect of inoculation of these mabs into fully engorged boophilus microplus females was also evaluated. the mabs brbm1 and brbm2 caused a decrease in oviposition of approximately 50% and 70% ... | 1997 | 9195739 |
| epidemiological aspects of the brazilian spotted fever: seasonal activity of ticks collected in an endemic area in são paulo, brazil. | ticks were collected from vegetation and animals at monthly intervals during one year (1993-1994) in an endemic area of brazilian spotted fever in the country of pedreira, state of são paulo. six species of ticks were identified amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma cooperi, amblyomma triste, anocentor nitens, rhipicephalus sanguineus and boophilus microplus. only the first species was sufficiently numerous to permit a quantitative study with seasonal activity, although the distribution and source of ... | 1997 | 9197151 |
| different seasonal occurrence of anaplasmosis outbreaks in beef and diary cattle in an area of argentina free of boophilus microplus ticks. | the seasonal occurrence of anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) outbreaks in dairy and beef cattle was analysed for a region of argentina (29 degrees to 31 degrees s and 58 degrees to 62 degrees w) that is free of boophilus microplus ticks, using data collected from december 1978 to november 1995. the outbreaks were confirmed by inspection of blood smears obtained from sick or dead cattle. a total of 94 outbreaks were confirmed by inspection of blood smears obtained from sick or dead cattle. a tot ... | 1997 | 9225428 |
| comparative vaccination of cattle against boophilus microplus with recombinant antigen bm86 alone or in combination with recombinant bm91. | cattle were vaccinated either with a single recombinant tick antigen, bm86 or with a combination of two recombinant antigens, bm86 and bm91 from the tick boophilus microplus. in three experiments, the responses of cattle to subsequent challenge with the tick were assessed. the addition of the bm91 antigen enhanced the efficacy of the vaccination over that with bm86 alone to a statistically significant degree. moreover, co-vaccination with two antigens did not impair the response of cattle to the ... | 1996 | 9229376 |
| cross-sectional estimation of babesia bovis antibody prevalence in an area of argentina used for extensive cattle breeding as an aid to control babesiosis. | the prevalence of babesia bovis antibodies was estimated by using an elisa (98% sensitivity and 95% specificity). sera were obtained from 165 calves (mean age and standard deviation: 9.7 +/- 2.7 months) from an area in argentina known to be unfavourable for the development of the vector tick, boophilus microplus. the area comprised about 300,000 ha used for cattle breeding. the cattle population of 55,000 included 12,000 cattle under 1 year of age. cattle were maintained mainly on natural grasse ... | 1997 | 9234418 |
| antibody-mediated inhibition of the growth of larvae from an insect causing cutaneous myiasis in a mammalian host. | many insects feed on blood or tissue from mammalian hosts. one potential strategy for the control of these insects is to vaccinate the host with antigens derived from the insect. the larvae of the fly lucilia cuprina feed on ovine tissue and tissue fluids causing a cutaneous myiasis associated with considerable host morbidity and mortality. a candidate vaccine antigen, peritrophin 95, was purified from the peritrophic membrane, which lines the gut of these larvae. serum from sheep vaccinated wit ... | 1997 | 9256413 |
| novel vaccines for ectoparasites. | novel vaccines against ectoparasites have the potential to be cost-effective new technology for pest control that avoids some of the real and perceived problems with insecticide and acaricide usage. nevertheless, their development is in its infancy. a vaccine against the cattle tick boophilus microplus, the world's first vaccine against an ectoparasite, is in field use in australia. considerable effort had gone into the development of a vaccine against the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina, while ot ... | 1997 | 9261979 |
| comparison of indirect immunofluorescence (iif) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in detecting babesia bigemina infection in cattle. | an indirect immunofluorescence test (iif) and an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) were standardised to investigate the prevalence of bovine babesiosis caused by babesia bigemina in experimentally and naturally infected bovids. both iif and elisa detected antibodies to b. bigemina 7 days after experimental infection with 87.5% and 100% sensitivity, respectively. the iif results indicated that a titre greater than 1:64 was a reliable indicator of b. bigemina infection. serological study ... | 1997 | 9270130 |
| the application of moxidectin formulations for control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) under queensland field conditions. | to assess the control of the cattle tick (boophilus microplus) and the performance of commercial cattle treated with the macrocylic lactone endectocide, moxidectin, formulated either as an injection or as a pour-on. | 1997 | 9293342 |
| [serological study of rickettsia infections in niamey, niger]. | rickettsioses is a possible alternative to presumptive diagnosis of malaria. a serologic study was carried out in 1994 to determine the prevalence of rickettsioses in children under 5 years of age from three different areas of niamey, niger. indirect immunofluorescent assays using the micromethod were performed with antigens for rickettsia conori, rickettsia mooseri, and coxiella burneti. results were read from a positive threshold of 1/160 up to 1/640. out of a randomized population of 177 chil ... | 1997 | 9304008 |
| rickettsiae-infected ticks in an endemic area of spotted fever in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | a study on tick-borne rickettsiosis was developed in the county of santa cruz do escalvado, state of minas gerais, brazil, where a clinical case of the disease, confirmed by necropsy, had been reported. of the 1,254 ticks collected, 1,061 belonged to the amblyomma genus, 57 to the rhipicephalus sanguineus species, 81 to boophilus microplus, and 46 to anocentor nitens. the hemolymph test associated with giménez staining showed that 18 of the 221 a. cajennense specimens, 1 of the 16 r. sanguineus, ... | 1997 | 9361740 |
| control of cattle ticks (boophilus microplus) on queensland dairy farms. | 1997 | 9404613 | |
| eradication and pest management. | eradication is the elimination of every single individual of a species from an area to which recolonization is unlikely to occur. cost-benefit analyses of eradication programs involve biases that tend to underestimate the costs and overestimate the benefits. in this review, we (a) highlight limitations of current cost-benefit analyses, (b) assess eradication strategies from biological and sociological perspectives by discussing particular cases of successful and failed eradication efforts, and ( ... | 1998 | 9444755 |
| ultrastructure of sporogony in babesia equi in salivary glands of adult female boophilus microplus ticks. | the development of babesia equi was studied in the salivary glands of adult female ticks, boophilus microplus, using a transmission electron microscope (tem). engorged nymphs were obtained from splenectomized foals experimentally infected with b. equi and fed in the adult phase for 5 days on rabbits. sporogony in b. equi involves the development of sporoblasts and sporozoites, which form from finger-like projections on the surface and through radial budding. mature sporozoites (2.0 x 1.1 microns ... | 1998 | 9491430 |
| daily mean number of eggs laid by the southern cattle tick (acari: ixodidae) compared with mean egg mass weight. | among several methods used to estimate the efficacy of an acaricide is the drummond adult test, based on formulas which permit the assessment of the reproductive capacity of treated female ticks in comparison with controls. a constant value of 20,000 is normally used in these formulas, because this figure approximates the number of larvae that will hatch from 1 g of eggs. in laboratory studies conducted on large numbers of ticks, egg counting is a time-consuming and fastidious operation. therefo ... | 1998 | 9495089 |
| effects of metarhizium anisopliae on the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in stabled cattle. | 1998 | 9500942 | |
| detection of cattle naturally infected with anaplasma marginale in a region of endemicity by nested pcr and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5 (rmsp5-celisa) of anaplasma marginale was validated in a naturally infected cattle herd in an area of eastern oregon where a. marginale is endemic. the true positive and negative a. marginale infection status of 235 randomly selected cattle was determined by using a nested pcr (npcr) coupled with msp5 sequence analysis and hybridization. judgment of the reliability of the npcr and hybridization for detectio ... | 1998 | 9508311 |
| babesiosis in china. | the importance of babesiosis in livestock in china is discussed and mainly focused on bovine and equine babesiosis. babesiosis is still one of the most important diseases affecting livestock and has caused great economic loss. nine species of babesia have been recognized in livestock: b. bigemina, b. bovis, b. major, b. motasi, b. ovis, b. perroncitoi, b. trautmanni, b. equi (theileria equi), b. caballi. the distribution of babesia follows the distribution of the tick vectors. the main vectors o ... | 1997 | 9512738 |
| babesiasis in nanjing area, china. | this article discusses the tick-borne babesiases which harm dairy cattle, buffaloes and dogs. in addition, the pathogen, vector, seasonal occurrence, hosts, symptoms, pathological changes and treatment are summarized and analysed. the pathogens in this area were identified as babesia bigemina, b. bovis and b. gibsoni; the vectors as boophilus microplus, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, haemaphysalis longicornis. affected buffaloes were found from april to september, peak numbers occurred between ... | 1997 | 9512739 |
| ticks and tick-borne bovine piroplasmosis in the southmountain pasture of hunan province, china. | ticks and tick-borne bovine piroplasmosis is one of the most serious diseases affecting cattle bred in the southmountain pasture of hunan province. an investigation carried out from 1992 to 1995 showed that theileria sergenti was found in the blood of disease-stricken cows. ticks were collected from cattle. the species concerned (three genera and four species of ticks: haemaphysalis vietnamensis, haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes sinensis and boophilus microplus) were identified by microscopy an ... | 1997 | 9512740 |
| attempted transmission of babesia major by boophilus microplus. | two experiments was carried out to determine if babesia major could be transmitted by boophilus microplus. in experiment 1, a babesia-free batch of laboratory reared bo. microplus larvae were applied to an intact calf infected by inoculation with a b. major stabilate. the calf showed a b. major parasitaemia while the larvae, nymphs and adult ticks were engorging. the engorged females were cultured and batches were incubated at one of the three following temperatures: 24, 28 or 32 degrees c. appr ... | 1997 | 9512741 |
| expressed sequenced tags and new genes from the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | we used the expressed sequenced tags (ests) approach to study the genome of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. one hundred and forty-two of our 234 unique ests were from genes not previously identified from ticks, mites or any other arachnids. the largest class of identified ests (29%) was from genes involved in transcription and translation. ninety-one ests (39% of all ests) did not match any sequences in international databases; some of these may be specific to ticks. thirteen percent of our ... | 1998 | 9519466 |
| [imported arthropod-borne parasites and parasitic arthropods in dogs. species spectrum and epidemiologic analysis of the cases diagnosed in 1995/96]. | between january 1995 and december 1996 nonendemic or only regionally occurring arthropodborne parasites including ehrlichiae and parasitic arthropods in germany were detected in 484 dogs, whereby at least 15 species were involved. listed in decreasing order, leishmania infections occurred most frequently, followed by infections/infestations with babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, rhipicephalus sanguineus, dirofilaria immitis and dermacentor reticulatus. the other species, namely babesia gibsoni, tr ... | 1998 | 9531673 |
| therapeutic and persistent efficacy of fipronil against boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on cattle. | cattle infested with all parasitic life-stages of boophilus microplus (canestrini) were treated once with a pour-on formulation of fipronil at 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0% active ingredient (ai) to determine the therapeutic efficacy. additionally, cattle were infested at weekly intervals for 13 consecutive weeks after treatment to determine the persistent effectiveness of the three concentrations. results of therapeutic efficacy of fipronil showed that with each increase in concentration there was a corre ... | 1998 | 9561711 |
| sporogony and experimental transmission of babesia equi by boophilus microplus. | the development of babesia equi in salivary glands of adult female boophilus microplus was observed under a light microscope using semithin sections stained with toluidine blue. engorged nymphs were obtained from splenectomized foals experimentally infected with b. equi. as adults, they were then fed on rabbits for 5 days and the salivary glands of manually collected individuals were removed at intervals of 24 h. sporozoites were found in type iii granular acini cells between the 2nd and 5th day ... | 1998 | 9580425 |
| some quantitative aspects of natural babesial infection in the haemolymph of boophilus microplus engorged female ticks. | quantitative aspects of the natural babesial (babesia bovis and babesia bigemina) infection in boophilus microplus engorged female ticks obtained from two herds of holstein heifers positive by the immunofluorescent antibody test to both protozoan were evaluated. the number of kinetes/microscope field of haemolymph was determined for each tick from day 5 to 10 post-collection. a close relationship between daily and cumulative babesial infection was detected. correlation and determination coeffici ... | 1997 | 9587602 |
| establishment of boophilus microplus infected with babesia bigemina by using in vitro tube feeding technique. | the in vitro tube feeding technique is used to establish a laboratory colony of boophilus microplus infected with babesia bigemina. pre-fed engorged female ticks offered 2 x 10(4) and 2 x 10(5)/ml of b. bigemina infected bovine red blood cells (rbc) showed sporokinetes in the haemolymph smear sample, and positive signals for b. bigemina in polymerase chain reaction (pcr). larvae laid from the ticks offered 2 x 10(5)/ml of b. bigemina infected rbc showed evidence for b. bigemina infection in micr ... | 1998 | 9592726 |
| field studies and cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination with gavac against the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the control of tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne diseases remains a challenge for the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. traditional control methods have been only partially successful and the parasites continue to result in significant losses for the cattle industry. recently, vaccines containing the recombinant boophilus microplus gut antigen bm86 have been developed. these vaccines have been shown to control tick infestations in the field. howev ... | 1998 | 9607057 |
| effect of particulation on the immunogenic and protective properties of the recombinant bm86 antigen expressed in pichia pastoris. | the recombinant bm86 tick antigen expressed in pichia pastoris is obtained in a highly particulated form, as a distinguish feature of this expression system. this particulated protein, the active principle of the recombinant vaccine gavac against the cattle tick, have shown high immunogenic and protective properties, probably associated with its own characteristics. to evaluate the effects of particulation on the properties of bm86, three groups of calves were immunized with particulated or non- ... | 1998 | 9607058 |
| isolation of an aspartic proteinase precursor from the egg of a hard tick, boophilus microplus. | an aspartic proteinase precursor, herein named byc (boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin) was isolated from eggs of the hard tick, boophilus microplus. as judged by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel (sds-page), purified byc presented 2 bands of 54 and 49 kda, bearing the same nh2-terminal amino acid sequence. by western blot analysis, byc was also found in the haemolymph, indicating an extraovarian site of synthesis. several organs were incubated in culture medium with [3 ... | 1998 | 9651935 |
| bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis follow-up on cattle relocated in an endemic area for hemoparasitic diseases. | a multiplex pcr/dna probe assay was used to monitor babesia bovis, b. bigemina and anaplasma marginale infection in cattle introduced to a boophilus microplus-infested area in veracruz, mexico. eight intact, 18-month-old, cross-bred beef cattle (four naive, group a; four babesia species--premunized, group b) were immediately exposed to ticks after arrival and were clinically monitored from day 6 to day 98 post-exposure (pe) to ticks. blood sample analysis for dna detection by the mpcr/dna probe ... | 1998 | 9668444 |
| development of tick gut forms of babesia bigemina in vitro. | development of a laboratory cultured tick-transmissible strain of babesia bigemina was followed in vitro after addition of gut material from engorged female boophilus microplus ticks and incubation at 37 degrees c. sequential development of stages, from intraerythrocytic strahlenkörper through multiplication to the fusion of what is assumed to be two gametes, is described. a change in physical environment (temperature, gas composition) experienced during passage of babesia stages into the in vit ... | 1998 | 9669864 |
| adjuvant and immunostimulating properties of the recombinant bm86 protein expressed in pichia pastoris. | the cattle tick boophilus microplus has remained a latent problem to the cattle industry. the recombinant vaccine gavac against the cattle tick has proved its efficacy and, conveniently, combined with the use of chemicals could be the solution to this problem. as this vaccine is based in the recombinant concealed antigen bm86, it has to be given periodically to the animal to maintain an adequate level of antibodies. some other commercially available vaccines for cattle also have to be given peri ... | 1998 | 9682358 |
| [effect of digestion on the immunoglobulin g concentration in the intestinal contents of replete boophilus microplus females]. | in the present paper it was determined the concentration of immunoglobulin g in extracts from gut of female boophilus microplus engorded during the first 7 days of the second stage of continual digestion by using the simple radial immunodiffusion technique. it was also measured the concentration of hemoglobin by spectrophotometric methods. the analysis of correlation between both variables made during the study was positive and significant for p < 0.05. the analysis of simple variance and the ap ... | 1997 | 9685982 |
| production effects of cattle tick (boophilus microplus) infestation of high yielding dairy cows. | forty mid-lactation holstein-friesian cows, 100% lot fed, were assigned to four groups for 15 weeks. two groups of 10 cows were infested each week with a gradually increasing number of boophilus microplus larvae, while the other two groups were maintained free of ticks. milk yield and composition (including somatic cell count, scc), liveweight, dry matter intake, packed cell volume (pcv) and total plasma protein (tpp) were measured throughout the 15 week period. by week 15, control cows produced ... | 1998 | 9703620 |
| vaccination of cattle against the boophilus microplus using a mucin-like membrane glycoprotein. | an antigen, bma7, which induced partial immunity against tick infestation has been isolated from boophilus microplus using two different protein fractionation protocols, accompanied by vaccination and parasite challenge trails. the antigen is a 63 kda glycoprotein isolated from semi-engorged adult female ticks. though significant, the induced immunity is less striking than that previously reported for antigen bm86 from the same parasite. however, co-vaccination with bm86 and bma7 can enhance imm ... | 1998 | 9717194 |
| a survey of the ixodid ticks parasitising cattle in the eastern province of zambia. | the results of tick surveys carried out in the eastern province of zambia between december 1982 and february 1996 were principally in agreement with the findings of earlier surveys conducted during the period 1965-72. boophilus decoloratus has almost been replaced by boophilus microplus. hyalomma truncatum was found in small numbers throughout the province and hyalomma marginatum rufipes was only rarely encountered in collections made from cattle. rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was largely confin ... | 1998 | 9737594 |
| acetylcholinesterase cdna of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus: characterisation and role in organophosphate resistance. | acetylcholinesterase is the target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. organophosphate resistance is widespread in the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, in australia. we have isolated a cdna of acetylcholinesterase from b. microplus and show that it would encode a protein 62 kda in size. the predicted amino acid sequence contains all the residues characteristic of an acetylcholinesterase. alternative splicing of the transcript was detected at both the 5' and 3' ends. alternative splicin ... | 1998 | 9753768 |
| comparison of effects of low and high tick infestations on acquired cattle tick resistance: hyalomma marginatum marginatum. | three holstein calves were infested with low numbers of ticks, two or three pairs of adults hyalomma marginatum marginatum in cloth bag daily for 21 days. infestation was carried out during tick proliferation periods. two months later, cattle leads were challenged with 100 pairs of ticks. another group of three holstein calves were infested five times with 100 pairs of adult ticks of the same species. the five infestations were performed two weeks from the previous infestation. three tick charac ... | 1998 | 9754299 |
| use of a mathematical model to study the control measures of the cattle tick boophilus microplus population in new caledonia. | boophilus microplus is a common cattle tick of great economic importance in various tropical and subtropical countries like new caledonia. the proposed model describes the population dynamics of female boophilus microplus in the absence of resistant ticks. it is a system of six difference equations which can be mathematically analyzed. the analysis of the system shows the great importance of the eigenvalue denoted by lambda1. the population of ticks increases if lambda1 < 1 and decreases if lamb ... | 1998 | 9763318 |
| comparison of genomic dna in various strains of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the conventional method of identifying acaricide resistance in a suspect tick population by the united nations food and agriculture organization packet assay is a laborious and time-consuming process. dna probes have been demonstrated as rapid and accurate tools for detecting pesticide resistance in insect species. random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) has been used by other groups to differentiate species of mosquitoes and populations within a mosquito species. by using different arbitrary ol ... | 1998 | 9775626 |
| studies on the effect of infection by babesia sp. on oviposition of boophilus microplus engorged females naturally infected in the mexican tropics. | three hundred and fifteen engorged female boophilus microplus ticks (weight 210-250 mg) naturally infected with babesia sp., in the mexican tropics were monitored for egg production. haemolymph samples were taken from each tick on the 5th day to the 16th day after collection to detect and estimate the infection with babesia sp. kinetes. all ticks were held in darkness at 27+/-1.5 degrees c and 85-86% relative humidity. the infection rate of babesia sp. was 20.3% (64/315). fifteen ticks were cons ... | 1998 | 9786625 |
| variation in n-linked oligosaccharide structures on heterologous proteins secreted by the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | we report the characterization of n-linked oligosaccharides on six foreign glycoproteins secreted from the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. these proteins included: a bacterial enzyme, bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase; three fungal enzymes, saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase, penicillium minioluteum dextranase, and mucor pusillus aspartic protease; and two higher eukaryotic proteins, boophilus microplus (tick) gut antigen and bovine enterokinase catalytic subunit. the carbohydrates on t ... | 1998 | 9790882 |
| distinguishing species and populations of rhipicephaline ticks with its 2 ribosomal rna. | most populations and some species of ticks of the genera boophilus (5 spp.) and rhipicephalus (ca. 75 spp.) cannot be distinguished phenotypically. moreover, there is doubt about the validity of species in these genera. i studied the entire second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) rrna of 16 populations of rhipicephaline ticks to address these problems: boophilus microplus from australia, kenya, south africa and brazil (4 populations); boophilus decoloratus from kenya; rhipicephalus appendicul ... | 1998 | 9794625 |
| pcr-ribotyping of xenorhabdus and photorhabdus isolates from the caribbean region in relation to the taxonomy and geographic distribution of their nematode hosts. | the genetic diversity of symbiotic xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes was examined by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes (rdnas). a total of 117 strains were studied, most of which were isolated from the caribbean basin after an exhaustive soil sampling. the collection consisted of 77 isolates recovered from entomopathogenic nematodes in 14 caribbean islands and of 40 reference strains belonging to xen ... | 1998 | 9797272 |
| effect of antibodies against beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase on reproductive efficiency of the bovine tick boophilus microplus. | a polyclonal antibody (anti-hex) was developed against a soluble n-acetylhexosaminidase (hex) isolated from larval extracts of boophilus microplus. purified hexosaminidase was strongly inhibited by the igg fraction of this antibody. the antibody inhibited the hexosaminidase activity of other sources, such as haemolymph and larval membranes. the antibody reacted with different antigens in the tick haemolymph, but did not recognize any antigen in saliva, as seen by immunoblot analysis. the anti-he ... | 1998 | 9823065 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluations of a strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) selected for resistance to permethrin. | a strain of boophilus microplus (canestrini) was selected fro resistance to permethrin by pressuring larvae with increasing doses (range, 0.05-0.35% [ai]) through successive generations (generations f2-f7). at the beginning of the selection process (f2), the pyrethroid resistant (pr) strain was 5.4 times more resistant to permethrin than the pyrethroid susceptible (ps) strain, and the level of resistance increased in each successive generation of the pr strain, reaching a resistance factor (resi ... | 1998 | 9835695 |
| contact chemostimuli in the mating behaviour of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | mating of the cattle tick boophilus microplus is mediated by chemical stimuli on the cuticle of females. males are arrested on the dorsum of females attached to the host, frequently sample the substrate, and then tip-over to the ventrally located gonopore. these behaviours are also observed in vitro when males are placed on a small glass bead treated with a female extract. time spent and tip-over by male ticks on dummies is used in an assay to test the behavioural significance of fractions of th ... | 1998 | 9846376 |
| attitudes and practices of queensland dairy farmers to the control of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | to determine practices for the control of cattle ticks on dairy farms in queensland, the attitudes of farmers to tick infestations and to identify opportunities for and barriers against the introduction of non-chemical methods of tick control. | 1998 | 9862066 |
| efficacy of amitraz (taktic 12.5% ec) as a dip for the control of boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) on cattle. | four groups of cattle infested with boophilus microplus (canestrini) were each dipped in a different concentration of amitraz diluted from a 12.5% ec formulation to determine the efficacy and performance of the product in an 11,400 l dipping vat. except for the period when heifers were dipped, animals were restrained in stanchions placed individually inside 3.3 x 3.3 m2 stalls within an open-sided barn. the amitraz in the vat was stabilized with hydrated lime to maintain a ph of ca. 12. analyses ... | 1998 | 9879580 |
| immunization of bovines with an aspartic proteinase precursor isolated from boophilus microplus eggs. | the capacity of the boophilus yolk pro-cathepsin (byc) to induce a protective immune response in cattle against boophilus microplus infestation was tested by vaccination experiments and by inoculation of monoclonal antibody (mab) against byc into fully engorged tick females. in immunization experiments the measurement of various biological parameters demonstrated a partial protection against b. microplus. a continuous decrease in the levels of specific antibodies was observed over 11 months when ... | 1998 | 9880109 |
| geostatistics and remote sensing using noaa-avhrr satellite imagery as predictive tools in tick distribution and habitat suitability estimations for boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in south america. national oceanographic and atmosphere administration-advanced very high resolution radiometer. | remote sensing based on noaa (national oceanographic and atmosphere administration) satellite imagery was used, together with geostatistics (cokriging) to model the correlation between the temperature and vegetation variables and the distribution of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), in the neotropical region. the results were used to map the b. microplus habitat suitability on a continental scale. a database of b. microplus capture localities was used, which was tabulated with t ... | 1999 | 9950331 |
| a simulation study of the effects of acaricides and vaccination on boophilus cattle-tick populations. | this paper describes a simulation model to evaluate different control strategies for boophilus microplus. the model combines a dynamic life-history module for tick-population dynamics with other modules for vaccination, sterile-hybrid larval release and use of acaricide dipping vats. the tick life-history module considers the cattle's nutritional level and allows for distribution of ticks by age at all stages of growth. appropriately, the model was sensitive to host resistance and to host-nutrit ... | 1999 | 10022052 |
| towards a permanent solution for controlling cattle ticks. | acaricides are essential in the short-term but do not offer a permanent solution to tick control. this situation will not change without a change of approach. a vaccine against boophilus microplus confers partial long-term control but has little immediate effect on tick burdens. the effectiveness of acaricides and vaccination is greatest for breeds of high tick resistance. high host resistance is the key to effective long-term tick control with total resistance the ultimate aim. while improvemen ... | 1999 | 10048820 |
| molecular characterization of a haemaphysalis longicornis tick salivary gland-associated 29-kilodalton protein and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in rabbits. | the use of tick vaccines in mammalian hosts has been shown to be the most promising alternative tick control method to current use of acaricides, which suffers from a number of limitations. however, the success of this method is dependent on the identification, cloning, and in vitro expression of tick molecules involved in the mediation of key physiological roles with respect to the biological success of a tick as a vector and pest. we have sequenced and characterized a haemaphysalis longicornis ... | 1999 | 10084999 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in botshabelo and thaba nchu in the free state province. | a seroepidemiological study was conducted on 151 cattle from the botshabelo and thaba nchu areas in the central free state province of south africa, two areas where small scale, peri-urban cattle farming is practised. an indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to test for babesia bigemina and b. bovis antibodies. to test for anaplasma marginale antibodies a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used. there were no significant differences in serological test resu ... | 1998 | 10192841 |
| detection of igm antibodies against babesia bovis in cattle. | the diagnosis of acute babesiosis by direct examination of blood smears has some limitations and the indirect serological methods currently in use are designed for detection of igg, which may not be detectable at an early stage of infection. there is a need, therefore, for rapid and reliable procedures to diagnose acute infections. an elisa system using a crude antigenic preparation of babesia bovis was standardized for the detection of igm antibodies. optimal dilutions of the antigen, using pos ... | 1999 | 10223346 |
| successive tick infestations selectively promote a t-helper 2 cytokine profile in mice. | several studies have revealed that t lymphocytes and cytokines play a crucial role in determining the outcome of parasitic infections in terms of protective immunity. in this study we found that rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva stimulates transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta), and reduces interleukin-12 (il-12) secretion by cells from normal c3h/hej mice. moreover, murine lymph node cells harvested 6 days after the fourth infestation with ticks presented an 82.4% decrease in their proli ... | 1999 | 10233725 |
| identification and characterisation of a cytochrome p450 gene and processed pseudogene from an arachnid: the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. | we isolated and sequenced the first known cytochrome p450 gene and pseudogene from an arachnid, the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. both the gene and pseudogene belong to the family cyp4, but a new subfamily, cyp4w, had to be created for these genes because they are substantially different to other cyp4 genes. the gene, cyp4w1, has greatest homology with cyp4c1 from a cockroach, blaberus discoidalis. the predicted molecular weight of the protein encoded by cyp4w1 (63 kda) is greater than that ... | 1999 | 10333575 |
| access of antibody or trypsin to an integral outer membrane protein (p66) of borrelia burgdorferi is hindered by osp lipoproteins. | the outer membrane of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent, contains lipoproteins anchored by their lipid moieties and integral proteins with membrane-spanning regions. we used the techniques of in situ proteolysis, immunofluorescence, in vitro growth inhibition, and cross-linking with formaldehyde to characterize topological relationships between p66, an integral membrane protein, and selected osp lipoproteins of b. burgdorferi. protease treatment of intact spirochetes cleaved p66 and o ... | 1999 | 10338494 |
| levels of natural resistance to boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in carora breed bulls. | boophilus microplus infestation is one of the most serious limitations to cattle industry in tropical regions, even though bovines show natural resistance to ticks. this resistance was evaluated in cross-bred carora bulls (ccb) a tropicalized dairy breed from venezuela. seven ccb were experimentally infested with b. microplus larvae, "mozo" strain, they were considered tick-naive because they had never been infested with ticks. the mean inoculum size applied on each bull was 6,477 larvae. after ... | 1998 | 10347818 |
| anti-tick effects of stylosanthes humilis and stylosanthes hamata on plots experimentally infested with boophilus microplus larvae in morelos, mexico. | the anti-tick effects of the tropical pasture legumes stylosanthes humilis and stylosanthes hamata were evaluated and compared with two common grasses, cenchurus ciliaris and andropogon gayanus, in the state of morelos, mexico, on plots experimentally infested with larvae of the tick boophilus microplus. the effect was evaluated by recovery of larvae from the experimental plots by flagging during a 4 week period. the anti-tick effect due to stylosanthes was significantly higher for s. humilis an ... | 1999 | 10356768 |
| the novel mitochondrial gene arrangement of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus: fivefold tandem repetition of a coding region. | we sequenced across all of the gene boundaries in the mitochondrial genome of the cattle tick, boophilus microplus, to determine the arrangement of its genes. the mtdna of b. microplus has a coding region, composed of trna(glu) and 60 bp of the 3' end of nd1, that is repeated five times. boophilus microplus is the first coelomate animal known to have more than two copies of a coding sequence. the mitochondrial genome of b. microplus has other unusual features, including (1) reduced t arms in trn ... | 1999 | 10368952 |