Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| conventional crops and organic amendments for pb, cd and zn treatment at a severely contaminated site. | the ability of selected plants and amendments to treat pb, cd and zn accumulations from a metalliferous waste disposal site was studied both in the greenhouse and field. spinach (spinacea oleracea), cabbage (brassica oleracea), and a grass-legume mix (red fescue, festuca rubra; ryegrass, lolium perenne); and bean (vicia faba) were grown in the greenhouse on blast furnace slag or baghouse dust amended with composted peat (cp). all plant species accumulated pb, cd and zn to varying degrees. total ... | 2008 | 17475483 |
| screening of pahs and ddts in sand and acrisols soil by a rapid solid-phase microalgal bioassay. | previously we have demonstrated the rapid screening potential of a newly developed solid-phase microalgal bioassay with spiked sands. in this paper, we report further comparative results using both pahs and ddts spiked sands and field-collected acrisols soils. toxicity responses obtained from standard higher plant tests with three species of plants (lolium perenne, cynodon dactylon and brassica chinensis) were compared with those obtained from a cocktail of microalgae (selenastrum capricornutum, ... | 2007 | 17503178 |
| optimal choice of dairy forages in eastern australia. | although several forage species such as perennial ryegrass are predominant, there is a wide range of forage species that could be grown in subtropical and temperate regions in australia as dairy pastures. these species have differing seasonal patterns of growth, nutrient quality, and water-use efficiency, as demonstrated in a large experiment evaluating over 30 species at the university of sydney (camden, new south wales, australia). some species can be grazed, whereas others require mechanical ... | 2007 | 17517747 |
| nano-aluminum: transport through sand columns and environmental effects on plants and soil communities. | nano-aluminum is being used in increasing quantities as energetic material. this research addresses the transport of two types of nanosized aluminum particles (with aluminum oxide, or carboxylate ligand coating, alex and l-alex, respectively) through sand columns along with associated environmental impacts on soil systems. surface phenomena and ph are variables controlling the transport of nano-aluminum particles through porous media. ph environment controls solubility and electrostatic interact ... | 2008 | 17537426 |
| frequency, type, and distribution of est-ssrs from three genotypes of lolium perenne, and their conservation across orthologous sequences of festuca arundinacea, brachypodium distachyon, and oryza sativa. | simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies in several plant species. they are used for cultivar identification, variety protection, as anchor markers in genetic mapping, and in marker-assisted breeding. currently, a limited number of ssr markers are publicly available for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). we report on the exploitation of a comprehensive est collection in l. perenne for ssr identification. the objectives of this ... | 2007 | 17626623 |
| biogenic amine production in grass, maize and total mixed ration silages inoculated with lactobacillus casei or lactobacillus buchneri. | to investigate the effects of inoculating lactobacillus casei or lacobacillus buchneri on the production of biogenic amines (ba) in silage. | 2007 | 17650192 |
| feeding strategies for small-scale dairy systems based on perennial (lolium perenne) or annual (lolium multiflorum) ryegrass in the central highlands of mexico. | small-scale dairying is an option for campesinos in mexico. the costs of feeding are high and strategies based on quality forages are a priority. the performance, agronomic variables and feeding costs were evaluated for dairy cows continuously grazing perennial ryegrass-white clover for 9 h/day (prg) or fed cut herbage from annual ryegrass for 8 weeks followed by 9 h/day for 6 weeks on a tethered rotational grazing pattern (arg). all cows received 3 kg/day of an 18% crude protein (cp) concentrat ... | 2007 | 17691542 |
| effects of rumen or duodenal glucose infusions on intake in dairy cows fed fresh perennial ryegrass indoors. | the aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of fresh highly digestible ryegrass could be limited by the total amount of energy absorbed. moreover, it investigated whether the limitation was more specific to energy absorbed as volatile fatty acids in the rumen compared with energy absorbed in the lower gastrointestinal tract. four treatments were compared: infusion of 1.25 kg of glucose into the rumen (r1.25), infusion of 2.5 kg of glucose into the rumen (r2.5), infusion of 1.5 kg o ... | 2007 | 17699060 |
| rice pseudomolecule-anchored cross-species dna sequence alignments indicate regional genomic variation in expressed sequence conservation. | various methods have been developed to explore inter-genomic relationships among plant species. here, we present a sequence similarity analysis based upon comparison of transcript-assembly and methylation-filtered databases from five plant species and physically anchored rice coding sequences. | 2007 | 17708759 |
| nitrate losses, nutrients and heavy metal accumulation from substrates assembled for urban soils reconstruction. | urban soils may suffer mild to severe degradation as a result of physical and chemical alterations. to reconstruct these soils, a new upper horizon must be created, usually through the application of organic matter, one source of which is biosolids. different soil mixtures were evaluated with regard to loss of nitrates in percolates and the uptake and incorporation of nutrients and heavy metals into plant tissues. the experiment was conducted in trays; treatments were mixtures of biosolids and a ... | 2008 | 17904270 |
| improved fructan accumulation in perennial ryegrass transformed with the onion fructosyltransferase genes 1-sst and 6g-fft. | carbohydrate limitation has been identified as a main cause of inefficient nitrogen use in ruminant animals, which feed mainly on fresh forage, hay and silage. this inefficiency results in suboptimal meat and milk productivity. one important molecular breeding strategy is to improve the nutritional value of ryegrass (lolium perenne) by increasing the fructan content through expression of heterologous fructan biosynthetic genes. we developed perennial ryegrass lines expressing sucrose:sucrose 1-f ... | 2008 | 17933422 |
| characterization of the dynamics of initial bacterial colonization of nonconserved forage in the bovine rumen. | microbial colonization is central to ruminal degradation of dietary material yet little is known about the dynamics of this process. the aim of this study was to characterize the initial stages of bacterial colonization of forage, and to assess the impact that different postsample processing and analysis methods had on the results obtained. bacterial 16s rrna gene-based analysis of damaged, nonconserved perennial ryegrass, incubated in sacco in the bovine rumen, required the development and vali ... | 2007 | 17941835 |
| evaluation of a cost effective technique for treating aquaculture water discharge using lolium perenne lam as a biofilter. | wastewater stabilization ponds generate low cost by-products that are useful for agriculture. the utilization of these by-products for soil amendment and as a source of nutrients for plants requires a high level of sanitation and stabilization of the organic matter, to maintain acceptable levels of soil, water and air quality. in this study, two aquaculture wastewater treatment systems; recirculating system and a floating plant bed system were designed to improve the quality of irrigation water ... | 2007 | 17966513 |
| sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in relation to alcohol consumption. | alcohol consumption is associated with increased serum ige of unknown specificity. | 2008 | 17979993 |
| effective rumen degradation of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre in forage determined by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. | the objective of the present study was to examine if near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) could be used to predict degradation parameters and effective degradation from scans of original forage samples. degradability of dry matter (dm), crude protein (cp) and neutral detergent fibre (ndf) of 61 samples of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) was tested by using the in situ technique. the grass samples were harvested at three different stages, e ... | 2007 | 17988354 |
| antigenic similarity among group 1 allergens from grasses and quantitation elisa using monoclonal antibodies to phl p 1. | group 1 allergens elicit a specific ige response in about 90% of grass pollen-allergic patients. the aim of this work was to study the antigenic similarity among group 1 allergens from different grasses and to develop a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based quantitation elisa. | 2008 | 18004069 |
| tilletia vankyi, a new species of reticulate-spored bunt fungus with non-conjugating basidiospores infecting species of festuca and lolium. | a bunt fungus, exhibiting a spore germination pattern unique to known reticulate-spored species of tilletia was found infecting plants in seed production fields of festuca rubra ssp. rubra (red fescue) and f. rubra ssp. fallax (chewing's fescue) in oregon, and in seed lots of lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) from australia and germany. teliospores germinated to form 20-40 uninucleate, non-conjugating basidiospores, and colonies derived from single basidiospores produced teliospores in culture ... | 2007 | 18023991 |
| phytotoxicity evaluation of five pharmaceutical pollutants detected in surface water on germination and growth of cultivated and spontaneous plants. | the phytotoxicity of 5 pharmaceuticals detected in italian rivers, atorvastatin (7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-yl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid), gemfibrozil (5-(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-pentanoic acid), tamoxifene (2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine), ethinyl estradiol (17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11, 12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol) and sildenafil (methyl-9-propyl-2,4,7,8-tetrazabi ... | 2008 | 18205060 |
| metabolic profiles of lolium perenne are differentially affected by nitrogen supply, carbohydrate content, and fungal endophyte infection. | lolium perenne cultivars differing in their capacity to accumulate water soluble carbohydrates (wscs) were infected with three strains of fungal neotyphodium lolii endophytes or left uninfected. the endophyte strains differed in their alkaloid profiles. plants were grown at two different levels of nitrogen (n) supply in a controlled environment. metabolic profiles of blades were analyzed using a variety of analytical methods. a total of 66 response variables were subjected to a principle compone ... | 2008 | 18218971 |
| toxic effects of digested, composted and thermally-dried sewage sludge on three plants. | in order to evaluate potential toxic effects of stabilized sewage sludge that are currently applied to agricultural soils, three types of municipal sewage sludge and one pig slurry were subjected to phytotoxicity assays using three plants (brassica rapa, lolium perenne and trifolium pratense). equivalent batches of aerobically and anaerobically-digested sludge (f) from two municipal wastewater treatment plants, were composted (c) or thermally dried (t). in addition, one anaerobically-digested an ... | 2008 | 18280152 |
| advanced data-mining strategies for the analysis of direct-infusion ion trap mass spectrometry data from the association of perennial ryegrass with its endophytic fungus, neotyphodium lolii. | direct-infusion mass spectrometry (ms) was applied to study the metabolic effects of the symbiosis between the endophytic fungus neotyphodium lolii and its host perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) in three different tissues (immature leaf, blade, and sheath). unbiased direct-infusion ms using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer allowed metabolic effects to be determined free of any preconceptions and in a high-throughput fashion. not only the full ms(1) mass spectra (range 150-1,000 mass-to-char ... | 2008 | 18287492 |
| animal performance and economic comparison of novel and toxic endophyte tall fescues to cool-season annuals. | increased costs of annual establishment of small grain pasture associated with fuel, machinery, and labor are eroding the profitability of stocker cattle enterprises. interest has therefore increased in development of cool-season perennial grasses that are persistent and high quality. this study occurred on 24 ha (divided into thirty 0.81-ha paddocks) located at the university of arkansas division of agriculture livestock and forestry branch station, near batesville. two tall fescue (festuca aru ... | 2008 | 18310498 |
| natural enemies act faster than endophytic fungi in population control of cereal aphids. | 1. fast-growing populations of phytophagous insects can be limited by the presence of natural enemies and by alkaloids that are produced by symbiotic associations of many temperate grass species with endophytic fungi. it is unclear if and how acquired plant defences derived from endophytic fungi interact with natural enemies to affect phytophagous insect populations. 2. to assess the relative importance of endophytic fungi compared to that of natural enemies on the population dynamics of phytoph ... | 2008 | 18312338 |
| specific immunotherapy for common grass pollen allergies: pertinence of a five grass pollen vaccine. | patients throughout europe are concomitantly exposed to multiple pollens from distinct pooideae species. given the overlap in pollination calendars and similar grain morphology, it is not possible to identify which grass species are present in the environment from pollen counts. furthermore, neither serum ige reactivity nor skin prick testing allow the identification of which grass species are involved in patient sensitisation. due to their high level of amino acid sequence homology (e.g., >90% ... | 2008 | 18362477 |
| frequent allocation of rotationally grazed dairy cows changes grazing behavior and improves productivity. | twenty holstein cows were blocked in 2 groups according to milk yield to evaluate the effect of frequency of allocation to new grazing plots on pasture intake, grazing behavior, rumen characteristics, and milk yield. the 2 treatments, daily allocation to 0.125-ha plots (1d) or allocation every 4 d to 0.5-ha plots (4d) of lolium perenne l., were tested in a randomized block design (2 rotations with 3 or 4 measuring periods of 4 d each) with mixed model analysis accounting for repeated measures. t ... | 2008 | 18420633 |
| discovery and genetic mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for pathogen defence response in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). | susceptibility to foliar pathogens commonly causes significant reductions in productivity of the important temperate forage perennial ryegrass. breeding for durable disease resistance involves not only the deployment of major genes but also the additive effects of minor genes. an approach based on in vitro single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) discovery in candidate defence response (dr) genes has been used to develop potential diagnostic genetic markers. snps were predicted, validated and mapped ... | 2008 | 18446316 |
| e/z-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rhamnoside, pyrrolizidine conjugates produced by grasses (poaceae). | based on direct infusion mass spectrometry we identified a novel alkaloid as a major component of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). initial mass spectral data suggested it to be a pyrrolizidine conjugate. as this class of alkaloids has not been described before from grasses, we isolated it to elucidate its structure. the isolated alkaloid proved to be a mixture of two stereoisomers. the structures of the two compounds as determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, were e-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rh ... | 2008 | 18466931 |
| 45s rdna regions are chromosome fragile sites expressed as gaps in vitro on metaphase chromosomes of root-tip meristematic cells in lolium spp. | in humans, chromosome fragile sites are regions that are especially prone to forming non-staining gaps, constrictions or breaks in one or both of the chromatids on metaphase chromosomes either spontaneously or following partial inhibition of dna synthesis and have been well identified. so far, no plant chromosome fragile sites similar to those in human chromosomes have been reported. | 2008 | 18478113 |
| maldi-tof ms analysis of labile lolium perenne major allergens in mixes. | it is well known that allergen extracts used for specific therapy of allergic disorders are commonly stored as mixtures, causing an alteration of its stability. | 2008 | 18503569 |
| molecular characterization of lolium latent virus, proposed type member of a new genus in the family flexiviridae. | lolium latent virus (lolv) was recently detected in the usa for the first time in ryegrass hybrids (lolium perenne x lolium multiflorum). the genome of one usa isolate, lolv-us1, has now been fully sequenced. the positive strand genomic rna is 7674 nucleotides (nt) long and is organized in five open reading frames (orfs) encoding the replication-associated protein, the movement-associated triple gene block proteins and the coat protein (cp). the genome organization is similar to that of viruses ... | 2008 | 18509590 |
| direct fermentation of fodder maize, chicory fructans and perennial ryegrass to hydrogen using mixed microflora. | this study examined the feasibility of producing hydrogen by direct fermentation of fodder maize, chicory fructooligosaccharides and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) in batch culture (ph 5.2-5.3, 35 degrees c, heat-treated anaerobically digested sludge inoculum). gas was produced from each substrate and contained up to 50-80% hydrogen during the peak periods of gas production with the remainder carbon dioxide. hydrogen yields obtained were 62.4+/-6.1ml/g dry matter added for fodder maize, 218 ... | 2008 | 18513959 |
| wet oxidation pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of clover-ryegrass mixtures. | the potential of clover (trifolium repens) and ryegrass (lolium perenne) mixtures as raw materials for ethanol production was investigated. wet oxidation, at 175, 185 or 195 degrees c during 10min at two different oxygen pressures and with either addition or no addition of sodium carbonate, was evaluated as pretreatment method for clover-ryegrass mixtures. the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was significantly improved after pretreatment. the highest conversion efficiency, 93.6%, was achieved f ... | 2008 | 18514510 |
| effect of in situ soil amendments on arsenic uptake in successive harvests of ryegrass (lolium perenne cv elka) grown in amended as-polluted soils. | several iron-bearing additives, selected for their potential ability to adsorb anions, were evaluated for their effectiveness in attenuation of arsenic (as) in three soils with different sources of contamination. amendments used were lime, goethite (alpha-feooh) (crystallised iron oxide) and three iron-bearing additives, iron grit, fe(ii) and fe(iii) sulphates plus lime, applied at 1% w/w. sequential extraction schemes conducted on amended soils determined as, cu, zn and ni fractionation. plant ... | 2008 | 18524441 |
| effects of amended compost on mobility and uptake of arsenic by rye grass in contaminated soil. | arsenic poses a major environmental and human health problem because of its carcinogenic nature and effect on the ecosystem. therefore, a cost effective and socially acceptable technique is needed for its remediation. the effect of different combinations of compost amended with zeolite and/or iron oxide (up to 20% w/w) was tested on a contaminated soil with high arsenic levels (34470 mg kg(-1)). the bioavailability of arsenic was determined in terms of uptake by rye grass (lolium perenne l.) und ... | 2008 | 18538368 |
| phosphate addition and plant species alters microbial community structure in acidic upland grassland soil. | agricultural improvement (addition of fertilizers, liming) of seminatural acidic grasslands across ireland and the uk has resulted in significant shifts in floristic composition, soil chemistry, and microbial community structure. although several factors have been proposed as responsible for driving shifts in microbial communities, the exact causes of such changes are not well defined. phosphate was added to grassland microcosms to investigate the effect on fungal and bacterial communities. plan ... | 2009 | 18581037 |
| effects, uptake, and fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene aged in soil in plants and worms. | the present study was aimed at providing data to be used at predicting exposure-based effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) aged in soil on endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used to define criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate sublethal toxicity and uptake of aged soil-based explosives, with tnt as the main contaminant. in these tests, plants were ... | 2008 | 18620472 |
| trophic cascades initiated by fungal plant endosymbionts impair reproductive performance of parasitoids in the second generation. | variation in plant quality can transmit up the food chain and may affect herbivores and their antagonists in the same direction. fungal endosymbionts of grasses change the resource quality by producing toxins. we used an aphid-parasitoid model system to explore how endophyte effects cascade up the food chain and influence individual parasitoid performance. we show that the presence of an endophyte in the grass lolium perenne has a much stronger negative impact on the performance of the parasitoi ... | 2008 | 18636277 |
| phytotoxic effects of sewage sludge extracts on the germination of three plant species. | in order to evaluate the ability of three types of extracts to explain the ecotoxicological risk of treated municipal sewage sludges, the oecd 208a germination test was applied using three plants (lolium perenne l., brassica rapa l., and trifolium pratense l.). three equivalent batches of sludge, remained as dewatered sludge, composted with plant remains and thermally dried, from an anaerobic waste water treatment plant were separated. samples from these three batches were extracted in water, me ... | 2008 | 18651217 |
| dynamics of initial colonization of nonconserved perennial ryegrass by anaerobic fungi in the bovine rumen. | anaerobic fungi (neocallimastigales) are active degraders of fibrous plant material in the rumen. however, only limited information is available relating to how quickly they colonize ingested feed particles. the aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of initial colonization of forage by anaerobic fungi in the rumen and the impact of different postsampling wash procedures used to remove loosely associated microorganisms. neocallimastigales-specific molecular techniques were optimized to ... | 2008 | 18673390 |
| co-digestion of animal slurry can increase short-term nitrogen recovery by crops. | co-digestion changes slurry characteristics and is supposed to increase short-term nitrogen (n) uptake by crops after application. a higher n uptake from slurry reduces the need for additional mineral n fertilizer. if farmers apply co-digested slurry (cs), a higher n recovery has to be taken into account to prevent losses to the environment. since data on the effects of co-digestion on n recovery by crops are scarce, a pot experiment was performed. the apparent n recovery (anr) of five different ... | 2008 | 18689758 |
| impact of sheep urine deposition and plant species on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in upland grassland soil. | the effects of different concentrations of synthetic sheep urine and plant species on ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (aob) communities in an upland grassland soil were investigated using a microcosm approach. plant species characteristic of unimproved and improved agricultural pastures (agrostis capillaris and lolium perenne, respectively) were planted in soil microcosms, and different levels of synthetic sheep urine were applied, with harvests 10 and 50 days following urine application. shifts in ... | 2008 | 18772943 |
| tracking the evolution of a cold stress associated gene family in cold tolerant grasses. | grasses are adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. species of the subfamily pooideae, which includes wheat, barley and important forage grasses, have evolved extreme frost tolerance. a class of ice binding proteins that inhibit ice re-crystallisation, specific to the pooideae subfamily lineage, have been identified in perennial ryegrass and wheat, and these proteins are thought to have evolved from a leucine-rich repeat phytosulfokine receptor kinase (lrr-psr)-like ancestor gene. even t ... | 2008 | 18775065 |
| effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. | to evaluate the effects of length of exposure to prepartum transition diets on milk yield, fat and protein production. | 2008 | 18782415 |
| the molecular mechanism of "ryegrass staggers," a neurological disorder of k+ channels. | "ryegrass staggers" is a neurological condition of unknown mechanism that impairs motor function in livestock. it is caused by infection of perennial ryegrass pastures by an endophytic fungus that produces neurotoxins, predominantly the indole-diterpenoid compound lolitrem b. animals grazing on such pastures develop uncontrollable tremors and become uncoordinated in their movement. lolitrem b and the structurally related tremor inducer paxilline both act as potent large conductance calcium-activ ... | 2008 | 18801945 |
| feasibility of incorporating waste grass clippings (lolium perenne l.) in particleboard composites. | this study investigated some of the important physical (thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) properties of single-layer particleboard panels made from eucalyptus (eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn.), waste of grass clippings (lolium perenne l.) and combinations of the two. the chemical properties (ph, holocelluse and alpha cellulose contents, and water, alcohol-benzene and 1% sodium hydroxide solubilities) of the raw materials were also det ... | 2009 | 18804991 |
| characterization of a family of ice-active proteins from the ryegrass, lolium perenne. | five genes coding for ice-active proteins were identified from an expressed sequence tag database of lolium perenne cdna libraries. each of the five genes were characterized by the presence of an n-terminal signal peptide, a region enriched in hydrophilic amino acids and a leucine-rich region in four of the five genes that is homologous with the receptor domain of receptor-like protein kinases of plants. the c-terminal region of all five genes contains sequence homologous with lolium and triticu ... | 2008 | 18835384 |
| field resistance to strobilurin (q(o)i) fungicides in pyricularia grisea caused by mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | abstract gray leaf spot caused by pyricularia grisea is a highly destructive disease of perennial ryegrass turf. control of gray leaf spot is dependent on the use of preventative fungicide treatments. strobilurin-based (q(o)i) fungicides, which inhibit the cytochrome bc(1) respiratory complex, have proven to be very effective against gray leaf spot. however, in august 2000, disease was diagnosed in q(o)i-treated perennial ryegrass turf on golf courses in lexington, ky, champaign, il, and bloomin ... | 2003 | 18943171 |
| genetic structure of magnaporthe grisea populations associated with st. augustinegrass and tall fescue in georgia. | abstract amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) were used to estimate phylogenetic relationships within magnaporthe grisea and determine the genetic structure of m. grisea populations associated with tall fescue and st. augustinegrass in georgia. sixteen clonal lineages were identified in a sample population of 948 isolates. five lineages were isolated from tall fescue (e, g1, g2, g4, and h), with lineage g4 comprising 90% of the population. isolates from tall fescue were closely relate ... | 2005 | 18943310 |
| mapping and comparative analysis of qtl for crown rust resistance in an italian x perennial ryegrass population. | abstract crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. lolli) is a serious fungal foliar disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and italian ryegrass (l. multiflorum lam.), which are important forage and turf species. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for crown rust resistance previously were identified in perennial ryegrass under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions. in this study, we conducted a qtl mapping for crown rust resistance in a three-generation italian x perennial ryegras ... | 2007 | 18943608 |
| genetic constitution and pathogenicity of lolium isolates of magnaporthe oryzae in comparison with host species-specific pathotypes of the blast fungus. | abstract fungal isolates from gray leaf spot on perennial ryegrass (prg isolates) were characterized by dna analyses, mating tests, and pathogenicity assays. all of the prg isolates were interfertile with triticum isolates and clustered into the crop isolate group (cc group) on a dendrogram constructed from rdna-internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences. since the cc group corresponded to a newly proposed species, magnaporthe oryzae, all of the prg isolates were designated m. oryzae. however, dna ... | 2004 | 18943763 |
| role of phenology in host susceptibility and within-plant spread of stem rust during reproductive development of perennial ryegrass. | abstract perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) was inoculated with urediniospores of puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola at four stages of reproductive tiller development. all developmental stages, from expansion of the penultimate leaf through anthesis, were equally susceptible to infection measured as number of pustules per total inoculated plant area. however, within each stage from boot through anthesis, there was a negative correlation of susceptibility with age of host tissue, the highest d ... | 2004 | 18943980 |
| pyricularia grisea isolates causing gray leaf spot on perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) in the united states: relationship to p. grisea isolates from other host plants. | abstract gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass (prg) (lolium perenne), caused by the fungus pyricularia grisea (teleomorph = magnaporthe grisea), has rapidly become the most destructive of all turf grass diseases in the united states. fungal isolates from infected prg were analyzed with several molecular markers to investigate their relationship to p. grisea strains found on other hosts. all of the molecular markers used in this study revealed that isolates from prg are very distantly related to ... | 2002 | 18943995 |
| a temperature-based model for latent-period duration in stem rust of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. | abstract a temperature-response curve for latent-period duration in stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue was developed from constant-temperature experiments with inoculated plants and evaluated in field experiments. under constant-temperature conditions, time from infection to 50% of pustules erupted for perennial ryegrass ranged from 54 days at 3.5 degrees c to 5.9 days at 26.5 degrees c. the latent period (lp(50)) duration of tall fes ... | 2001 | 18944285 |
| a temperature and leaf wetness duration-based model for prediction of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf. | abstract gray leaf spot is a serious disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), causing severe epidemics in golf course fairways. the effects of temperature and leaf wetness duration on the development of gray leaf spot of perennial ryegrass turf were evaluated in controlled environment chambers. six-week-old legacy ii ryegrass plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidial suspension of pyricularia grisea (approximately 8 x 10(4) conidia per ml of water) and subjected to four different te ... | 2003 | 18944344 |
| prediction of stem rust infection favorability, by means of degree-hour wetness duration, for perennial ryegrass seed crops. | abstract a weather-based infection model for stem rust of perennial ryegrass seed crops was developed and tested using data from inoculated bioassay plants in a field environment with monitored weather. the model describes favorability of daily weather as a proportion (0.0 to 1.0) of the maximum possible infection level set by host and inoculum. moisture duration and temperature are combined in one factor as wet degree-hours (dh(w)) (i.e., degree-hours > 2.0 degrees c summed only over time inter ... | 2003 | 18944362 |
| expression analysis of rice defense-related genes in turfgrass in response to magnaporthe grisea. | abstract magnaporthe grisea (anamorph = pyricularia grisea) causes blast on rice (oryza sativa) and gray leaf spot on turfgrass. gray leaf spot is a serious disease on st. augustinegrass (stenotaphrum secundatum), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). virulence assays performed in this study revealed that m. grisea collected from rice could also cause disease on st. augustinegrass and tall fescue. one rice isolate, che86061, caused similar disease reactions ... | 2007 | 18944372 |
| short communication: effect of postgrazing residual pasture height on milk production. | in grazing systems, dry matter intake (dmi) and milk production have been reported to increase with increasing pasture allowance (pa). this has often led to greater postgrazing residual heights being associated with a well-fed cow. however, in previous studies pastures were often managed to be homogeneous pretreatment, confounding the effect of postgrazing height and pa because high pa led to high postgrazing height. the objective of this study was to determine whether postgrazing height affects ... | 2008 | 18946136 |
| transforming a fructan:fructan 6g-fructosyltransferase from perennial ryegrass into a sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase. | fructosyltransferases (fts) synthesize fructans, fructose polymers accumulating in economically important cool-season grasses and cereals. fts might be crucial for plant survival under stress conditions in species in which fructans represent the major form of reserve carbohydrate, such as perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). two ft types can be distinguished: those using sucrose (s-type enzymes: sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase [1-sst], sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase) and those usi ... | 2009 | 18952861 |
| intercropped oats (avena sativa) - common vetch (vicia sativa) silage in the dry season for small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central mexico. | small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central mexico require feeding strategies based on quality home-grown forage that may reduce high concentrate costs. eight holstein cows paired by parity and date of calving were used in a split-plot experiment to evaluate supplementing 6 kg dm/cow/d of oat-vetch silage (ovs) in comparison to maize silage (ms) as dry season feeding, for a more intensive use of the land through an oat-vetch catch crop. cows had 9 h/d access to continuous grazing of pe ... | 2009 | 19002599 |
| enhanced phytoextraction of uranium and selected heavy metals by indian mustard and ryegrass using biodegradable soil amendments. | the applicability of biodegradable amendments in phytoremediation to increase the uptake of uranium (u), cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), copper (cu), lead (pb) and zinc (zn) by indian mustard (brassica juncea) and ryegrass (lolium perenne) was tested in a greenhouse experiment. plants were cultivated during one month on two soils with naturally or industrially increased contaminant levels of u. treatments with citric acid, nh4-citrate/citric acid, oxalic acid, s,s-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (e ... | 2009 | 19054545 |
| allelopathic effects of medicago sativa l. and vicia cracca l. leaf and root extracts on weeds. | in this study, the allelopathic potential of different concentration (5, 25 and 50%) of m. sativa and v. cracca leaf and root extracts were evaluated on germination and radicle length of four weed species (amaranthus retroflexus l., lolium perenne l., ipomoea hederacea l. and portulaca oleracea l.) in laboratory condition. as a result, germination and radicle length of all species were reduced by the extract from m. sativa and v. cracca leaf and root at different percentage. increasing the water ... | 2007 | 19086510 |
| organic residues as immobilizing agents in aided phytostabilization: (ii) effects on soil biochemical and ecotoxicological characteristics. | sewage sludge (ss), municipal solid waste compost, and garden waste compost (gwc) were used as immobilizing agents in aided phytostabilization of an acid metal-contaminated soil affected by mining activities. the organic residues were applied at 25, 50 and 100 mg ha(-1) (dry weight basis) and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) was used as a "green cover". we studied the effects of the treatments on soil phytotoxicity and enzymatic activities, and on the composition and toxicity of the soil l ... | 2009 | 19091381 |
| [physiological bases of herbages shade-tolerance in eucalyptus grandis and herbage inter-cultivated system]. | the study on the physiological bases of the shade-tolerance of dactylis glomerata, lolium perenne, and hemarthria compressa inter-cultivated in eucalyptus grandis forests with different canopy densities showed that with increasing canopy density, the light saturation point (lsp), light compensation point (lcp), chlorophyll a/b (chla/chlb), and the contents of proline (pro), soluble sugar (ss) and soluble protein (sp) of the three herbages decreased gradually, but the apparent quantum yield (aqy) ... | 2008 | 19102302 |
| digestion during continuous culture fermentation when replacing perennial ryegrass with barley and steam-flaked corn. | the objective of this study was to quantify the optimal inclusion rate of grain required to maximize nutrient digestion of a diet based on highly digestible pasture. it was hypothesized that maximum digestion would occur at a rate of grain inclusion that resulted in a culture ph of 6.0, reflecting the ph below which fiber digestion would be expected to be compromised. four dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to establish the effects on digestion of replacing freeze-dried, highly di ... | 2009 | 19109278 |
| carryover of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) from soil to plants. | within the scope of a joint project to study soil-to-plant carryover of polyfluorinated compounds (pfcs), five cultivated plants (spring wheat, oats, potatoes, maize, and perennial ryegrass) were sown or planted in mitscherlich pots. six variants per species were used, each with a different concentration level of pfoa and pfos (from 0.25 to 50 mg/kg as aqueous solution) to detect possible concentration dependence in the transfer of these two pfcs from soil to plant. pfoa and pfos were detected b ... | 2009 | 19112561 |
| degradation of fuel oil in salt marsh soils affected by the prestige oil spill. | we assessed natural degradation of fuel oil in three marshes from galicia (spain) affected by the prestige oil spill (baldaio, barizo, and muxía). soil samples collected from polluted and unpolluted areas on four different dates were used to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon content and fuel-oil components. natural degradation was monitored by analysing changes in the proportion of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatics, asphaltenes and resins in the soils, and also by evaluating the degree of de ... | 2009 | 19157704 |
| influence of nitrogen fertilizer and endophyte infection on ecophysiological parameters and mineral element content of perennial ryegrass. | an experiment was designed to determine the effect of the fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii on the growth, physiological parameters and mineral element content of perennial ryegrass (lolium perennel l.), when growing at two n supply levels. endophyte infection had a significant positive effect on both shoot and root growth of ryegrass, but this difference was only significant in the high n supply treatment. at high n supply, endophyte-infected (ei) plants accumulated more soluble sugar in the ... | 2009 | 19166497 |
| biodiversity effects on yield and unsown species invasion in a temperate forage ecosystem. | current agricultural practices are based on growing monocultures or binary mixtures over large areas, with a resultant impoverishing effect on biodiversity at several trophic levels. the effects of increasing the biodiversity of a sward mixture on dry matter yield and unsown species invasion were studied. | 2009 | 19168861 |
| indole-diterpene biosynthetic capability of epichloë endophytes as predicted by ltm gene analysis. | bioprotective alkaloids produced by epichloë and closely related asexual neotyphodium fungal endophytes protect their grass hosts from insect and mammalian herbivory. one class of these compounds, known for antimammalian toxicity, is the indole-diterpenes. the ltm locus of neotyphodium lolii (lp19) and epichloë festuce (fl1), required for the biosynthesis of the indole-diterpene lolitrem, consists of 10 ltm genes. we have used pcr and southern analysis to screen a broad taxonomic range of 44 end ... | 2009 | 19181837 |
| identification of the ice-binding face of a plant antifreeze protein. | the antifreeze protein of lolium perenne, a perennial ryegrass, was previously modeled as a beta-roll with two extensive flat beta-sheets on opposite sides of the molecule. here we have validated the model with a series of nine site-directed steric mutations in which outward-pointing short side-chain residues were replaced by tyrosine. none of these disrupted the fold. mutations on one of the beta-sheets and on the sides of the protein retained 70% or greater activity. three mutations that clust ... | 2009 | 19185572 |
| mercury contamination in the vicinity of a chlor-alkali plant and potential risks to local population. | a mercury-cell chlor-alkali plant operated in estarreja (north-western portugal) for 50 years causing widespread environmental contamination. although production by this process ceased in 2002, mercury contamination from the plant remains significant. the main objective of this study was to investigate mercury impact on the nearby environment and potential risks to local population. to assess the level of contamination soil samples were collected from agricultural fields in the vicinity of the p ... | 2009 | 19211131 |
| interception of spray drift by border structures. part 2: field experiments. | this research studied the effect of drift-intercepting structures surrounding the field borders, like artificial screens and natural hedges, which are not yet a part of the drift mitigation measures for field crop sprayers in belgium. drift-interception experiments were performed in a grassland (lolium perenne) with various interception structures: artificial screens with heights of 1, 1.5 and 2 m and screen open areas of 16, 36 and 63% and a row of fagus sylvatica trees with a height of 1.5 m a ... | 2008 | 19226820 |
| assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and grass silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. | twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from ryegrass (lolium perenne) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, milk organoleptic qualities, and whole-body nitrogen partitioning. four dietary treatments, comprising ad libitum access to 1 of 4 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4 kg/d dairy concentrates, we ... | 2009 | 19233807 |
| phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil. | the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ... | 2008 | 19260228 |
| feeding on different host plants alters the natural abundances of delta (1)(3)c and delta (1)n in longidoridae (nemata). | natural abundances of the stable isotope pairs (1)(3)c/(1)(2)c (delta (1)(3)c) and (1)n/(1)n (delta (1)n) have been used previously to study food sources and trophic relationships in soil invertebrates. in this study, delta (1)(3)c and delta (1)n were measured in five species of longidoridae to investigate the effect of transferring nematodes from one plant host to another. longidorus elongatus, paralongidorus maximus, xiphinema diversicaudatum, x. index, and x. vuittenezi were cultured initiall ... | 1999 | 19270871 |
| screening for soil streptomycetes from north jordan that can produce herbicidal compounds. | a total of 231 different soil streptomyces isolates were recovered from 16 different locations in north jordan. they were assessed for their phytotoxic activity on seeds of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) placed adjacent to a 2 cm wide streptomyces culture strips grown at 28c degrees for 3 weeks on starch casein nitrate (scn) agar. phytotoxicity was ascertained on the basis of suppressed seed germination, discoloration of the root tip, reduced root and the shoot gr ... | 2008 | 19275043 |
| populations of criconemella xenoplax on peach interplanted with certain herbaceous plants. | peach trees growing in field microplots infested with criconemella xenoplax were interplanted with centipedegrass, goosegrass, sicklepod, marigold, buckhorn plantain, showy crotalaria, or perennial ryegrass, or left with weed-free soil as the control. buckhorn plantain reduced nematode numbers, but not to levels acceptable for commercial control. marigold, sicklepod, and goosegrass reduced nematode numbers on some sampling dates but not on others. other plants had no effect or appeared to stimul ... | 1992 | 19283046 |
| host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus. | thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ... | 1992 | 19283057 |
| studies on the host range, biology, and pathogenicity of punctodera punctata infecting turfgrasses. | punctodera punctata completed its life cycle on poa annua (annual bluegrass), p. pratensis (merion kentucky bluegrass), lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), and festuca rubra rubra (spreading fescue). minimum time for completion of a life cycle from second-stage juvenile to mature brown cyst was 40 days at 22-28 c. inoculation by single juveniles indicated that reproduction was most likely by amphimixis. infestation levels of 50 or 500 juveniles/250 cm(3) soil did not affect top dry weight, root ... | 1985 | 19294077 |
| effects of temperature on rate of feeding of the plant parasitic nematodes rotylenchus robustus, xiphinema diversicaudatum, and hemicycliophora conida. | rotylenchus robustus, xiphinema diversicaudatum, and hemicycgiophora conida were observed feeding over a range of temperatures on perennial rye-grass (lolium perenne) seedlings grown on agar plates. r. robustus fed between 0.5 and 42.5 c, x. diversicaudatum between 5.0 and 37.0 c and h. conida between 5.0 and 34.0 c. between 10 and 25 c there was a direct relationship between temperature and rate of esophageal bulb contractions. above 25 c the number of esophageal contractions/min did not increa ... | 1980 | 19300695 |
| description of trilineellus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. (tylenchorhynchinae: tylenchida thorne, 1949) with a key to species and observations on tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto. | trilineeilus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. is described and illustrated. it was found as an associate of corn (zea mays) in stockton, georgia, usa, and is related to a group of tylenchorhynchus sensu lato species having three lines in nonareolated lateral fields. this new species is closely related to tylenehorhynehus divittatus siddiqi 1961, t. sculptus seinhorst 1963, and t. triglyphus seinhorst 1963 (syn. t. chonai sethi & swarup 1968) tarjan 1973. it differs from these species primarily by having ... | 1981 | 19300734 |
| mathematical modeling of allelopathy. iii. a model for curve-fitting allelochemical dose responses. | bioassay techniques are often used to study the effects of allelochemicals on plant processes, and it is generally observed that the processes are stimulated at low allelochemical concentrations and inhibited as the concentrations increase. a simple empirical model is presented to analyze this type of response. the stimulation-inhibition properties of allelochemical-dose responses can be described by the parameters in the model. the indices, p% reductions, are calculated to assess the allelochem ... | 2003 | 19330111 |
| two sides of a leaf blade: blumeria graminis needs chemical cues in cuticular waxes of lolium perenne for germination and differentiation. | plant surface characteristics were repeatedly shown to play a pivotal role in plant-pathogen interactions. the abaxial leaf surface of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) is extremely glossy and wettable compared to the glaucous and more hydrophobic adaxial surface. earlier investigations have demonstrated that the abaxial leaf surface was rarely infected by powdery mildew (blumeria graminis), even when the adaxial surface was densely colonized. this led to the assumption that components of the ... | 2009 | 19352695 |
| assessment of very long-chain fatty acids as complementary or alternative natural fecal markers to n-alkanes for estimating diet composition of goats feeding on mixed diets. | this study aimed to assess the use of very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfa) as an alternative or a complement to n-alkane markers for estimation of diet composition of goats fed 7 different diets, composed of different proportions of herbaceous (lolium perenne and trifolium repens) and heathland woody species (erica umbellata, erica cinerea, calluna vulgaris, erica arborea, and ulex gallii), in a metabolism study. diet composition was estimated from vlcfa (i.e., c(22) to c(34)) and alkane (i.e., c ... | 2009 | 19395523 |
| comparison of sensitivity of grasses (lolium perenne l. and festuca rubra l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) exposed to water contaminated with microcystins. | the effects of aqueous extracts from microcysts aeruginosa strains (both microcystin-producers and non-microcystin producers) on germination and root growth were investigated for three economically important plant species: festuca rubra l., lolium perenne l., and lactuca sativa l. there was a clear inhibition of root growth for l. sativa exposed to strains containing microcystins (5.9-56.4 microg l(-1)). the strain that produced the most pronounced effects contained the lowest concentration of m ... | 2009 | 19436926 |
| distribution, biology and pathology of anguina pacificae. | anguina pacificae is distributed along a narrow strip on the pacific coast of northern california where it forms galls on the shoots of poa annua and causes significant damage to golf course greens. methods were developed for the continuous propagation of a. pacificae on p. annua in growth chambers, and they were used to examine the life cycle and host-parasite relationships of the nematode. at a mean temperature of 20 degrees c (22 degrees c day/18 degrees c night) the life cycle was completed ... | 2008 | 19440264 |
| increasing amounts of crushed wheat fed with pasture hay reduced dietary fiber digestibility in lactating dairy cows. | sixteen cows in mid-lactation (milk yield of 23.8 +/- 2.3 kg/d) were individually fed diets consisting of chopped perennial ryegrass hay, offered at 3 kg of dry matter (dm)/100 kg of body weight (bw), fed either alone or supplemented with amounts of crushed wheat ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 kg of dm/100 kg of bw (increasing at nominal intervals of 0.4 kg of dm/100 kg of bw; 5 nominal treatments in total). three cows were allocated to each treatment except the mid-range wheat treatment, which had 4 c ... | 2009 | 19448009 |
| field assessment of a model for fungicide effects on intraplant spread of stem rust in perennial ryegrass seed crops. | intraplant spread of stem rust (puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) in perennial ryegrass during tiller extension is a major determinant of epidemic severity and is dominated by stem extension dynamics. simple equations for extension of inflorescence and internodes are presented and parameterized. these equations are combined with previously published equations for pathogen latent period and for postinfection efficacy of fungicides to produce a model for effects of fungicide type and timing on ... | 2009 | 19453228 |
| activation of sucrose transport in defoliated lolium perenne l.: an example of apoplastic phloem loading plasticity. | the pathway of carbon phloem loading was examined in leaf tissues of the forage grass lolium perenne. the effect of defoliation (leaf blade removal) on sucrose transport capacity was assessed in leaf sheaths as the major carbon source for regrowth. the pathway of carbon transport was assessed via a combination of electron microscopy, plasmolysis experiments and plasma membrane vesicles (pmvs) purified by aqueous two-phase partitioning from the microsomal fraction. results support an apoplastic p ... | 2009 | 19520670 |
| earthworm and belowground competition effects on plant productivity in a plant diversity gradient. | diversity is one major factor driving plant productivity in temperate grasslands. although decomposers like earthworms are known to affect plant productivity, interacting effects of plant diversity and earthworms on plant productivity have been neglected in field studies. we investigated in the field the effects of earthworms on plant productivity, their interaction with plant species and functional group richness, and their effects on belowground plant competition. in the framework of the jena ... | 2009 | 19526252 |
| restricting daily time at pasture at low and high pasture allowance: effects on pasture intake and behavioral adaptation of lactating dairy cows. | in pasture-based dairy systems, daily time at pasture is restricted during several periods of the year. the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of restricting time at pasture on milk yield, pasture dry matter (dm) intake, and grazing behavior of dairy cows according to pasture allowance (pa), which partly defines pasture availability. the experiment was carried out in spring on strip-grazed perennial ryegrass pastures. the 6 treatments consisted of 3 durations of daily time at past ... | 2009 | 19528610 |
| host preference of the chinch bug, blissus occiduus. | the chinch bug, blissus occiduus barber (hemiptera: blissidae), is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nutall) engelmann and potentially other turfgrass, crop, and non-crop hosts. choice studies documented the number of b. occiduus present on selected turfgrasses, crops and weeds, and provided important insights into the host preferences of this chinch bug. grasses with the most chinch bugs present included the warm-season turfgrasses b. dactyloides , zoysiagrass, zoysia japo ... | 2006 | 19537992 |
| a novel nanoparticulate adjuvant for immunotherapy with lolium perenne. | specific immunotherapy implies certain drawbacks which could be minimized by the use of appropriate adjuvants, capable of amplifying the right immune response with minimal side effects. in this context, previous studies of our group have demonstrated the adjuvant capacity of gantrez an nanoparticles, which can effectively enhance the immune response. in this work, two types of nanoparticles (with and without lps of brucella ovis as immunomodulator) with encapsulated lolium perenne extract are te ... | 2009 | 19545572 |
| allergenicity and cross-reactivity of pine pollen. | pine pollen has long been considered a non-allergenic pollen. the large size of the grain and its low levels of proteins are the main reasons invoked to explain this low allergenicity. the aim of this study was to describe the main allergenic bands of pinus radiata (pr) and its cross-reactivity with other pine species, other conifers and grass pollen. | 2009 | 19573163 |
| rumen protozoa are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids due to the ingestion of chloroplasts. | within this study, we investigated whether the polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa)-rich nature of rumen protozoa is a consequence of ingestion of pufa-rich chloroplasts. four hereford x friesian steers were offered hay [low 18:3 (n-3) and low chlorophyll concentration] followed by freshly cut perennial ryegrass [high 18:3 (n-3) and high chlorophyll concentration] for 16 days. on the 14th and 16th days, rumen protozoa as well as attached and planktonic bacteria were fractionated 1 h before (-1 h), ... | 2009 | 19583786 |
| effect of supplementation of grazing dairy ewes with a cereal concentrate on animal performance and milk fatty acid profile. | this work was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing grazing ewes on pasture with a cereal concentrate on the milk fatty acid (fa) profile. ninety assaf ewes in mid lactation were distributed in 9 lots of 10 animals each and allocated to 3 feeding regimens: 1) pasture--ewes were only allowed to graze pasture (an irrigated sward of lolium perenne, trifolium pratense, and dactylis glomerata); 2) ps--grazing ewes were supplemented with oat grain (700 g/animal and day); and 3) tmr--ewe ... | 2009 | 19620680 |
| restricting time at pasture: effects on dairy cow herbage intake, foraging behavior, hunger-related hormones, and metabolite concentration during the first grazing session. | this study investigated the effect of restricting grazing time on circulating concentrations of ghrelin, nonesterified fatty acids (nefa), and glucose before, and foraging behavior of dairy cows during, the first grazing session of the day (gs, 0800-1200 h). forty-eight holstein-friesian cows (470 +/- 47 kg of bw; 35 +/- 9 d in milk) were strip-grazed on a perennial ryegrass pasture for either 4 h after each milking (2 x 4), 8 h between milkings (1 x 8), or the 24-h period excluding milking time ... | 2009 | 19700720 |
| evaluation of the efficiency of a phytostabilization process with biological indicators of soil health. | a phytostabilization process that combined the addition of a synthetic (calcinit + urea + pk14% + calcium carbonate) or organic (cow slurry) amendment with lolium perenne l. growth was used to remediate a mine soil moderately contaminated with zn, pb, and cd. the reduced toxicity caused by both amendments allowed the establishment of a healthy l. perenne vegetation cover that had a positive influence on soil properties, increasing the biomass, activity, and functional diversity of the soil micro ... | 2009 | 19704147 |
| plant-endophyte-herbivore interactions: more than just alkaloids? | a recent paper by rasmussen et al., (new phytol 2007; 173:787-97) describes the interactions between lolium perenne cultivars with contrasting carbohydrate content and the symbiotic fungal endophyte neotyphodium lolii at different levels of nitrogen supply. in a subsequent study undertaken by rasmussen et al., (plant physiol 2008; 146:1440-53) 66 metabolic variables were analysed in the same material, revealing widespread effects of endophyte infection, n supply and cultivar carbohydrate content ... | 2008 | 19704424 |
| fungal endophyte production of reactive oxygen species is critical for maintaining the mutualistic symbiotic interaction between epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass. | key requirements for microbes to initiate and establish mutualistic symbiotic interactions with plants are evasion of potential host defense responses and strict control of microbial growth. we have recently shown that reactive oxygen species (ros) produced by a specific fungal nadph oxidase isoform noxa, have a critical role in regulating hyphal growth in the mutualistic interaction between epichloë festucae and perennial ryegrass. regulation of ros production in the symbiosis requires two addi ... | 2007 | 19704747 |