Publications

physicochemical properties and garification (gari yield) of selected cassava cultivars in rivers state, nigeria.	gari was processed from six different cassava cultivars tms 3575, tms 3044, hormone treated variety (htv), tms 30555, tms 40944 and tms 30572. chemical analyses of the gari samples showed ph values of: 4.0, 4.0, 3.9, 3.6, 3.4, 3.6 and total titratable acidity of 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, 0.85, 0.96, 0.85 (% lactic acid) for tms 3575, 3044, htv, 30555, 30572, and 40944 respectively. physical characteristics of the samples showed the swelling index of 264.5%, 223.5%, 364.0%, 321.3%, 241.3% and 232.7%, wat ...	1998	9839812
sorghum for human food--a review.	a brief review of literature on sorghum for human foods and on the relationship among some kernel characteristics and food quality is presented. the chief foods prepared with sorghum, such as tortilla, porridge, couscous and baked goods are described. tortillas, prepared with 75% of whole sorghum and 25% of yellow maize, are better than those prepared with whole sorghum alone. a porridge formulation with a 30:40:30 mix of sorghum, maize and cassava respectively, has been shown to be the most acc ...	1998	9839838
molecular characterisation of a distinct south african cassava infecting geminivirus.	african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) are whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (wtgs) which are widespread in cassava in africa and cause serious yield losses. recently, a new geminivirus affecting cassava in south africa (sacmv) has been reported. in this work sacmv was found to have dna-a and dna-b components. comparisons of amino acid sequences of the putative coat protein, and nucleotide sequences of the common region and a 687-bp dna b fragment of s ...	1998	9856107
dietary deficiency of cystine and methionine in rats alters thiol homeostasis required for cyanide detoxification.	nutritional status is an important factor in modulating the metabolic fate of xenobiotics. sulfur amino acid (saa) deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for human neurological diseases among protein-poor populations subsisting on the cyanophoric plant cassava. female sprague-dawley rats were used to develop and define a model of saa deficiency for use in future studies examining cassava-related neurotoxicity. rats were kept in metabolic cages for 7-21 d and fed a balanced diet (bd) of kn ...	1998	9885999
bonnet monkey model for pancreatic changes in induced malnutrition.	pancreatic degenerative lesions of identical nature could be induced in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) fed protein-deficient tapioca or cassava starch-based and corn-starch-based diets for 3 or 5 months. marked to severe lobular and acinar cell atrophy in animals fed low-protein diets resembled human pancreatic atrophy resulting from protein deficiency. animals fed low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets showed lesions akin to tropical chronic calculus pancreatopathy with diabetes mellitus. the pa ...	1999	9888664
the energetic value of nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to physical activity in group-housed, growing pigs.	the dose response effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on physical activity in relation to metabolic rate in pigs was studied. twelve clusters of 14 pigs (50-kg castrated males) were fed one of four diets, similar in composition, except for the starch and nsp content. the difference in starch and nsp ratio was created by exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 5, 10, or 15% sbps. pigs were housed in groups and fed at 2.5 times t ...	1998	9928606
adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium mimicking a malignant melanoma of the iris.	adenomas of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium are rare tumors and are difficult to differentiate from amelanotic malignant melanomas of the ciliary body. we describe a 62-year-old woman with a nonpigmented, vascularized iris tumor with small satellites involving the anterior chamber angle. clinically, an amelanotic, tapioca, malignant melanoma of the iris was suggested although the blood-aqueous barrier was intact. a block excision of 7.5 mm, a tectonic corneoscleral graft, and a simultaneous ...	1999	9930172
infectivity of african cassava mosaic virus clones to cassava by biolistic inoculation.	clones of an african cassava mosaic virus isolate originating from nigeria (acmv-nog) were shown to be infectious to cassava by biolistic inoculation. the production of pseudorecombinants between acmv-nog and clones of an acmv isolate originating from kenya (acmv-k) indicated that the lack of infectivity of acmv-k to cassava was due to defect(s) in the dna b genomic component; this component encodes two proteins involved in cell-to-cell movement. this is the first demonstration of infectivity of ...	1998	9930204
recent advances in cassava pest management.	cassava (manihot esculenta) occupies a uniquely important position as a food security crop for smallholder farmers in ares of the tropics where climate, soils, or societal stresses constrain production. given its reliability and productivity, cassava is the most important locally produced food in a third of the world's low-income, food-deficit countries. it is the fourth most important source of carbohydrates for human consumption in the tropics, after rice, sugar, and maize. world production of ...	1999	9990720
sodium cyanate alters glutathione homeostasis in rodent brain: relationship to neurodegenerative diseases in protein-deficient malnourished populations in africa.	sodium cyanate, a neurotoxic chemical in rodents, primates and humans, is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in protein-deficient populations subsisting in parts of africa on the cyanogenic plant cassava. the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cyanate neurotoxicity are not understood. this study investigates the effect of sodium cyanate on glutathione (gsh) homeostasis in rodent brain and liver in vitro and in vivo. gsh levels in mouse brain were rapidly, time- and dose-dependently decr ...	1999	10023026
effect of cassava on motor co-ordination and neurotransmitter level in the albino rat.	the root of cassava, a tropical plant, is consumed in the tropics and has been attributed as the cause for various tropical neuropathies. this study aims to discover the neurotoxic effects of chronic cassava consumption of indian origin and the effect of malnutrition. the assessment is based on the motor co-ordination and brain neurotransmitters in rats. cassava consumption reduced the motor co-ordination, but the changes in neurotransmitter levels due to cassava consumption (except for 5ht in c ...	1999	10069482
modified starch enhances absorption and accelerates recovery in experimental diarrhea in rats.	rice gruels have been used as home remedies to treat dehydration associated with diarrheal illness in developing countries. these preparations have produced conflicting results, most likely due to the heterogeneity of starch used. we investigated whether the modified tapioca starch, textra (tx), at 5.0 or 10.0 g/l added to a 90 mmol/l na+-111 mmol glucose oral rehydration solution (ors) enhanced water and electrolyte absorption in two models of diarrhea. to induce a secretory state (model a), th ...	1999	10088661
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (manihot esculenta).	hydroxynitrile lyase from m. esculenta (cassava) was crystallized in two different crystal forms by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. crystals of form i were obtained from a mixture of polyethylene glycol 8000 and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, and belong to the tetragonal space group p41212 or its enantiomorph p43212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 105.9, c = 188.9 a and with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. these crystals diffract to 2.9 a with conventional x-ray sources and beyond ...	1999	10089330
aflp fingerprinting: an efficient technique for detecting genetic variation of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis.	xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) is the causative agent of cassava bacterial blight (cbb), a worldwide disease that is particularly destructive in south america and africa. cbb is controlled essentially through the use of resistant varieties. to develop an appropriate disease management strategy, the genetic diversity of the pathogen's populations must be assessed. until now, the genetic diversity of xam was characterized by rflp analyses using ribotyping, and plasmid and genomic xam p ...	1999	10206688
culture of cells at perfluorocarbon-aqueous interfaces.	protoplasts (wall-less cells) isolated enzymatically from leaf tissues of manihot esculenta, passiflora edulis and petunia parodii, and from cell suspensions of oryza sativa, passiflora giberti, petunia hybrida and salpiglossis sinuata, were cultured for up to 35 d at an interface between the inert, oxygen-gassed perfluorocarbon (pfc) liquid, perfluorodecalin, overlaid with liquid or semi-solidified aqueous media. the maximum increase in mitotic division, as assessed by initial plating efficienc ...	1999	10226688
aflp assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (cbb).	cassava bacterial blight (cbb) is caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). resistance is found in manihot esculenta and, in addition, has been introgressed from a wild relative, m. glaziovii. the resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. ninety-three varieties of m. esculenta (crantz) were assessed by aflps for genetic diversity and for resistance to cbb. aflp analysis was performed using two primer combinations and a 79.2% level of polymorphism was found. the ...	1999	10231955
purification, partial amino acid sequence and structure of the product of raucaffricine-o-beta-d-glucosidase from plant cell cultures of rauwolfia serpentina.	plant cell suspension cultures of rauwolfia produce within 1 week approximately 250 nkat/l of raucaffricine-o-beta-d-glucosidase. a five step procedure using anion exchange chromatography, chromatography on hydroxylapatite, gel filtration and fplc-chromatography on mono q and mono p delivered in a yield of 0.9% approximately 1200-fold enriched glucosidase. a short protocol employing deae sepharose, tsk 55 s gel chromatography and purification on mono q gave a 5% recovery of glucosidase which was ...	1999	10234858
evidence on the origin of cassava: phylogeography of manihot esculenta.	cassava (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) is a staple crop with great economic importance worldwide, yet its evolutionary and geographical origins have remained unresolved and controversial. we have investigated this crop's domestication in a phylogeographic study based on the single-copy nuclear gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g3pdh). the g3pdh locus provides high levels of noncoding sequence variation in cassava and its wild relatives, with 28 haplotypes identified among 212 ...	1999	10318928
tapioca melanomas of the iris: immunohistology and report on two cases.	tapioca-like tumors are rare, and their benign or malignant nature is obscure without histological work-up. we report on the clinical and histological features of different types of tumors in two patients.	1999	10333110
identification of genes directly and indirectly involved in the insect transmission of african cassava mosaic geminivirus by bemisia tabaci.	the inability to transmit progeny virus resulting from the cloned components of an isolate of african cassava mosaic virus originating from kenya (acmv-k) has been shown to be due to defects in both genomic components. this was achieved by the production of infectious pseudorecombinants between acmv-k and the cloned components of a whitefly-transmissible acmv isolate originating from nigeria (acmv-nog). the exchange of gene fragments between acmv-k and acmv-nog has been used to demonstrate that ...	1999	10334034
purification and properties of a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from bacillus firmus.	a novel raw starch degrading cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase; e.c. 2.4.1.19), produced by bacillus firmus, was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, affinity and gel filtration chromatography. the molecular weight of the pure protein was estimated to be 78,000 and 82,000 da, by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the pure enzyme had a ph optimum in the range 5.5-8.5. it was stable over the ph range 7-11 at 10 degrees c, and at ph 7.0 at 60 degrees c. the optimum tempera ...	1999	10341434
[nutritional evaluation of protein quality of cassava leaf combined with casein by plastein reaction].	the present work was conducted to obtain a proteic product and to evaluate its biological value in order to be used for human and/or domestic animal consumption. thus, it were used cassava leaves as a non conventional source of protein. it was produced a freeze-dried, fat-free and colourless proteic isolated from those leaves (clpi). this was mixed with casein and after the mixture as enzymatically hydrolyzed and resynthesized (plastein reaction) to obtain a precipitated (pp) and a soluble plast ...	1998	10347695
screening of medicinal plants from trinidad and tobago for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties.	antibacterial activity in 51 extracts from 29 plant species currently used in traditional medicine in trinidad and the neighbouring caribbean islands was tested for by the agar dilution streak method using six bacteria: escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa. salmonella tophimurium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis. the extracts from eight of the plants tested showed significant activity against one or more micro-organisms and the most susceptible bac ...	1999	10363843
lipid content and fatty acid composition in foods commonly consumed by nursing congolese women: incidences on their essential fatty acid intakes and breast milk fatty acids.	the fat content and fatty acid (fa) composition of nearly 40 foods, currently consumed by 102 nursing congolese mothers living in brazzaville, were determined to assess their impact on mothers' essential fatty acid (efa) intakes and breast milk fa. data on mothers' milk fa and dietary habits which allowed food selection were recently published (rocquelin et al., 1998). most foods were locally produced. food samples were collected at local markets, bleached if necessary to avoid microbial degrada ...	1998	10367004
secretion of lysine in a broth medium by lactic bacteria and yeasts associated with garri production using a synthetic gene.	although cassava is an important food in the tropics, it has two major deficiencies which are carried over into those foods made from it: its content of toxic cyanogenic glucosides and its low content of protein and amino acids. garri, a fermented cassava food, has previously been ameliorated using organisms which simultaneously secrete linamarase (to reduce the residual cyanide in the food), amylase (to contribute to the growth of fermenting organisms and increase the flavour) and lysine (to im ...	1999	10389256
performance of laying pullets fed on cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and reject cashew nut meal.	1. a 70-d experiment was conducted to determine the response of 26-week-old laying pullets to cereal-free diets based on maize offal, cassava peel and full-fat cashew nut meal (cnm) in comparison with a standard 550 g maize/kg reference diet. the 4 test diets all contained 315 g cnm/kg 232.5, 155.0, 77.5 and 0.0 g/kg of maize offal in combination with 77.5, 155.0, 232.5 and 315.0 g/kg of cassava peel, respectively. 2. pullets fed on the 4 cnm-based diets consumed (p<0.05) less food than those fe ...	1999	10405040
food toxins, ampa receptors, and motor neuron diseases.	environmental chemicals involved in the etiology of human neurodegenerative disorders are challenging to identify. described here is research designed to determine the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of nerve cell degeneration in two little known corticomotoneuronal diseases with established environmental triggers. both conditions are toxic-nutritional disorders dominated by persistent spastic weakness of the legs and degeneration of corresponding corticospinal pathways. lathyrism, a disease ...	1999	10461541
effect of varied fermentation periods on the diabetogenic potential of toasted cassava granules.	the effects of exclusive gari diets prepared using varied fermentation periods on the fasting blood glucose levels (fbgl) and glucose tolerance (gt) of rats were studied. thirty growing male albino rats divided randomly into 5 groups of 6 rats each were used. the 5 groups were each fed gari diets fermented for 0, 24, 48, 72 hours; and a standard rat diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. data on the total cyanogen content and % crude protein of the diets; fbgl, gt, body weight, water:feed consumption ...	1999	10472793
bioactivation of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurological disease in humans subsisting on cassava.	neurological disorders have been reported from parts of africa with protein-deficient populations and attributed to cyanide (cn-) exposure from prolonged dietary use of cassava, a cyanophoric plant. cyanide is normally metabolized to thiocyanate (scn-) by the sulfur-dependent enzyme rhodanese. however, in protein-deficient subjects where sulfur amino acids (saa) are low, cn may conceivably be converted to cyanate (ocn-), which is known to cause neurodegenerative disease in humans and animals. th ...	1999	10478859
parameters of thyroid function in the endemic goitre of akungba and oke-agbe villages of akoko area of southwestern nigeria.	the parameters of thyroid function were determined in akungba and oke-agbe communities of akoko area, where goiter is endemic and compared to a control population of erinmo and ifewara in ijesha area, both areas being in southwestern nigeria. the two study areas have similar physical and geological settings. however, while the main carbohydrate source of the control population are yam and/or bread-fruit, the akoko population derives her carbohydrates mainly from cassava which could lead to incre ...	1998	10497657
comparative effects of scopoletin and cyanide on rat brain, 1: histopathology.	four week old male wistar rats were used to study the effects of scopoletin and cyanide on the histopathology of rat brain. the rats were divided into a control and three experimental groups (2-4) and fed rations containing 0.07 microg scopoletin/100 g, 0.07 microg scopoletin + 1.8 mg cyanide/100 g and 1.8 mg cyanide/100 g, respectively. these levels of scopoletin and cyanide corresponded to levels found in a processed cassava diet. the first group was fed the same ration as the others but witho ...	1999	10540987
a nanovirus-like dna component associated with yellow vein disease of ageratum conyzoides: evidence for interfamilial recombination between plant dna viruses.	yellow vein disease of ageratum conyzoides, a weed species that is widely distributed throughout asia, has been attributed to infection by the geminivirus ageratum yellow vein virus (ayvv). in addition to a single ayvv genomic component (dna a), we have previously demonstrated that infected plants contain chimeric defective viral components, comprising dna a and nongeminiviral sequences, that act as defective interfering dnas. a database search has revealed that the nongeminiviral sequences of o ...	1999	10544139
[spastic paraparesis due to long term consumption of wild cassava (manihot esculenta): a neurotoxic model of motor neuron disease].	cassava (manihot esculenta) is the basic foodstuff of more than 500 million persons in developing countries. its edible root contains a glucoside with a high cyanogenic content, linamarina, which is hydrolysed in the human intestinal tract by the resident microbial flora, with liberation of hcn. inadequate preparation and cooking followed by consumption whilst half-raw, especially in diets based almost exclusively on cassava for a long period of time, may lead to a neurological syndrome of damag ...	1999	10599107
molecular characterization and expression of a cdna encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	a cdna, msod1, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cuznsod) was cloned and characterized from cell cultures of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) which produce a high yield of sod. msod1 encodes a 152-amino acid polypeptide with a pi value of 5.84. southern analysis using an msod1-specific probe indicated that a single copy of the msod1 gene is present in the cassava genome. the msod1 gene is highly expressed in cultured cells, as well as in intact stems and tuberous roots. it i ...	1999	10628864
degradation of cyanogenic glycosides by lactobacillus plantarum strains from spontaneous cassava fermentation and other microorganisms.	strains of lactobacillus plantarum, leuconostoc mesenteroides, candida tropicalis and penicillium sclerotiorum were screened for 19 enzymatic activities using the commercial kit api zym (bio mérieux). this activity was compared to the ability of degrading the toxic cyanogenic glycosides amygdalin, linamarin, and linseed cyanogens (a mixture of linustatin and neolinustatin). good correlation between the beta-glucosidase activity found in the api zym screening and the ability to degrade the cyanog ...	1999	10634708
cytochromes p-450 from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) catalyzing the first steps in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. cloning, functional expression in pichia pastoris, and substrate specificity of the isolated recombinant enzymes.	the first committed steps in the biosynthesis of the two cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in cassava are the conversion of l-valine and l-isoleucine, respectively, to the corresponding oximes. two full-length cdna clones that encode cytochromes p-450 catalyzing these reactions have been isolated. the two cassava cytochromes p-450 are 85% identical, share 54% sequence identity to cyp79a1 from sorghum, and have been assigned cyp79d1 and cyp79d2. functional expression has been achie ...	2000	10636899
evidence of synergism between african cassava mosaic virus and a new double-recombinant geminivirus infecting cassava in cameroon.	stem cuttings were collected in cameroon from cassava plants displaying cassava mosaic disease (cmd) symptoms. the nature of the viruses present was determined by using the pcr with primers specific for the coat protein (cp) genes of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv). all samples were infected by acmv and eight of the 50 samples were infected by both acmv and an eacmv-like virus. the complete nucleotide sequences of dna-a and -b of representative a ...	2000	10640569
plant cyanogenic glycosides.	the cyanogenic glycosides belong to the products of secondary metabolism, to the natural products of plants. these compounds are composed of an alpha-hydroxynitrile type aglycone and of a sugar moiety (mostly d-glucose). the distribution of the cyanogenic glycosides (cgs) in the plant kingdom is relatively wide, the number of cg-containing taxa is at least 2500, and a lot of such taxa belong to families fabaceae, rosaceae, linaceae, compositae and others. different methods of determination are d ...	2000	10669009
expression of functional recombinant antibody molecules in insect cell expression systems.	recombinant single-chain variable-fragment molecules (scfv) were constructed from a cell line expressing a monoclonal antibody against african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and expressed in escherichia coli. dna sequences that encoded the scfv were manipulated to allow scfv expression in insect cell lines. a recombinant baculovirus containing the scfv cdna was constructed and large amounts of scfv were produced in each of three insect cell lines infected with the baculovirus. however, the scfv wer ...	2000	10686153
developing expressed sequence tags (ests) from polymorphic transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).	we applied the cdna-aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique to mrna from the parents of a cassava (manihot esculenta) genetic mapping population, and obtained more than 500 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) that were unique in either parent. a subset of 50 tdfs were cloned and sequenced. sequence alignment of the expressed sequence tags (ests) revealed mostly genes of unknown function. six of the tdfs were mapped on to the cassava genetic map. we also demonstrated by genetic ma ...	2000	10701114
reproduction and mortality in a colony of captive greater cane rats, thryonomys swinderianus, temminck.	the reproductive performance and mortalities in a colony of captive greater cane rats, thryonomys swinderianus, were monitored from 1992 to 1998 at the grasscutter domestication centre, achimota, ghana. the animals were kept in cages and exposed to constant lighting from a 100 w electric light bulb during the night. the diet consisted mainly of freshly cut panicum maximum (guinea grass) fed ad libitum, with occasional supplements of cassava and cane sugar. the results indicate that the mean litt ...	2000	10717939
design and evaluation of a lactobacillus manihotivorans species-specific rrna-targeted hybridization probe and its application to the study of sour cassava fermentation.	based on 16s rrna sequence comparison, we have designed a 20-mer oligonucleotide that targets a region specific to the species lactobacillus manihotivorans recently isolated from sour cassava fermentation. the probe recognized the rrna obtained from all the l. manihotivorans strains tested but did not recognize 56 strains of microorganisms from culture collections or directly isolated from sour cassava, including 29 species of lactic acid bacteria. this probe was then successfully used in quanti ...	2000	10788405
characterization and genomic analysis of tobacco vein clearing virus, a plant pararetrovirus that is transmitted vertically and related to sequences integrated in the host genome.	a previously undescribed caulimo-like virus was identified in the hybrid tobacco species nicotiana edwardsonii, and was named tobacco vein clearing virus (tvcv) after the symptoms associated with its occurrence in this plant. the virions of tvcv are 50 nm in diameter and are composed of a 45 kda capsid protein and a 7767 bp dsdna genome. each strand of the genome is interrupted by a site-specific discontinuity. in genome sequence and arrangement of orfs tvcv was most similar to cassava vein mosa ...	2000	10811941
dietary cyanide from insufficiently processed cassava and growth retardation in children in the democratic republic of congo (formerly zaire).	dietary cyanide exposure from cyanogenic glucosides in insufficiently processed cassava has been advanced as a contributing factor in child growth retardation. whether cyanide exposure aggravates children's growth retardation was studied by comparing two populations of children from the northern and the southern zones of the bandundu region, democratic republic of congo (former zaire), using dietary interviews, anthropometry and urine analyses. both populations consumed cassava as their staple d ...	2000	10824211
characterization of a granulovirus from the cassava hornworm (erinnyis ello: sphingidae).	a colombian isolate of erinnyis ello granulovirus (eegv) was characterized by electron microscopy, restriction endonuclease digestion, and sds-page. electron microscopy showed the occlusion bodies to have a morphology typical of granuloviruses. the restriction patterns of dna from eegv and the granuloviruses of trichoplusia ni (tngv) and pieris rapae (prgv) show little or no similarity, indicating little relatedness among these viruses. eegv was estimated to possess a relatively small genome of ...	2000	10843834
study of biocatalyst to produce ethanol from starch. coimmobilization of glucoamylase and yeast in gel.	this article presents a detailed study on the conditions for achieving a stable biocatalyst to be used in the production of ethanol from starch. different pellets were used depending on which characteristic of the biocatalyst was being studied: (a) saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in pectin or calcium alginate gel particles; (b) silica containing immobilized glucoamylase entrapped in pectin gel particles; or (c) pectin gel particles, with the silica-enzyme derivative and yeast coimmobilized. t ...	2000	10849824
anaerobic digestion from residue of industrial cassava industrialization with acidogenic and methanogenic physical separation phases.	a trial was carried out in a continuous regimen, using a completely stirred tank reactor, at acidogenic phase, and a hybrid reactor (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket + fixed bed) at methanogenic phase at room temperature. the residue to be treated came from a flour and cassava meal industry, and the reactors operated for 300 d with affluent chemical oxygen demand (cod) concentrations of 7500, 9000, 11,000, and 14,000 mg/l. the final results showed a biogas production with a content of 80% methane ...	2000	10849839
enhancement of selectivity for producing gamma-cyclodextrin.	the production of cyclodextrins (cds) by cyclodextrin-glycosyl-transferase (cgtase) from bacillus firmus was studied, with respect to the effect of the source of starch upon cd yield and on the selectivity for producing gamma-cd. cyclodextrin production tests were run for 24 h at 50 degrees c, ph 8.0, and 1 mg/l of cgtase, and substrates were maltodextrin or the starches of rice, potato, cassava, and corn hydrolyzed up to d.e. 10. cornstarch was the best substrate for producing gamma-cd. later, ...	2000	10849849
the use of a starter culture in the fermentation of cassava for the production of "kivunde", a traditional tanzanian food product.	three cassava fermentation methods (spontaneous fermentation, back-slopping and the use of starter culture) for the production of kivunde, executed in three trials at 30 degrees c, were compared in terms of cyanide level reduction, microbiology and product quality improvement. among the isolates from spontaneously fermented cassava batches, four strains were selected on the basis of their enzymatic activities and acid production. all were identified as lactobacillus plantarum and were used as st ...	2000	10857544
gene genealogies and population variation in plants.	early in the development of plant evolutionary biology, genetic drift, fluctuations in population size, and isolation were identified as critical processes that affect the course of evolution in plant species. attempts to assess these processes in natural populations became possible only with the development of neutral genetic markers in the 1960s. more recently, the application of historically ordered neutral molecular variation (within the conceptual framework of coalescent theory) has allowed ...	2000	10860966
comparisons of effects of raw and gelatinized sago and tapioca starches on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats.	effects of raw and gelatinized sago and tapioca starches on serum and liver lipid concentrations were compared in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. total serum cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the rats fed raw sago starch showed a statistically significant decrease and tendency to decrease, respectively, when compared with those of rats fed raw tapioca starch. both the serum total cholesterol and atherogenic index in the rats fed gelatinized sago starch showed a tendency to decrease ...	2000	10868347
effect of wainan rogo on body weight and plasma glucose in wistar rats.	wainan rogo (wr) is a deep-fat fried dough made from grated fresh cassava. it was found in a cross sectional case-control study to have a risk factor 3.2 times higher in diabetic than non diabetic indigenes of borno state of nigeria. this study examines the chemical composition, and effects of wr on body weight and blood glucose in wistar rats. the study found a higher fat and lower protein composition of the wr diet, and found a higher plasma glucose in the wr fed rats and a more significant we ...	2000	10904938
optimization of the production of aroma compounds by kluyveromyces marxianus in solid-state fermentation using factorial design and response surface methodology.	studies were carried out for the production of aroma compounds in solid-state fermentation using factorial design and response surface methodology (rsm) experiments. five agro-industrial residues were evaluated as substrate for cultivating a strain of kluyveromyces marxianus. the results proved the feasibility of using cassava bagasse and giant palm bran (opuntia ficus indica) as substrates to produce fruity aroma compounds by the yeast culture. in order to test the influence of the process para ...	2000	10908866
sale of street food in latin america. the mexican case: joy or jeopardy?	have you ever visited a public market in mexico, guatemala, panama, colombia, venezuela, peru or brazil? have you ever stopped to eat delicious mayan-style pork tacos, turnovers filled with corn fungus or squash flower, octopus stuffed crepes, crab, cassava, 'alcapurrias' or grasshoppers with lime juice and chili, agave worms or a 'come back to life' seafood cocktail? if you have not, you have been missing a large part of the mexican, guatemalan, panamanian, colombian, venezuelan, peruvian and b ...	2000	10912387
molecular diversity of lactic acid bacteria from cassava sour starch (colombia).	lactic acid bacteria and more particularly lactobacilli and leuconostoc, are widely found in a wide variety of traditional fermented foods of tropical countries, made with cereals, tubers, meat or fish. these products represent a source of bacterial diversity that cannot be accurately analysed using classical phenotypic and biochemical tests. in the present work, the identification and the molecular diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cassava sour starch fermentation were assessed by ...	2000	10930082
long-term ingestion of cassava (tapioca) does not produce diabetes or pancreatitis in the rat model.	cassava (tapioca, manihot) is consumed as a staple food in some developing countries. the intake of cassava has been linked to several diseases including fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (tropical calcific pancreatitis). there are few long-term studies on the effect of cassava ingestion on the pancreas in animal models. this article reports on the long-term (up to 1 yr) effects of cassava in the rat model. we found that cassava did not produce diabetes in the rat even after a year of cassava f ...	2000	10952402
monosaccharide composition of sweetpotato fiber and cell wall polysaccharides from sweetpotato, cassava, and potato analyzed by the high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection method.	the cell wall materials (cwms) from sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas cv. kokei 14), cassava (manihot esculenta), and potato (solanum tuberosum cv. danshaku) and commercial sweetpotato fiber as well as their polysaccharide fractions were analyzed for sugar composition by the high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (hpaec-pad) method. the separation of arabinose and rhamnose, and xylose and mannose, by this method has been improved using a carbopac pa 10 colum ...	2000	10956132
effect of some fat replacers on the release of volatile aroma compounds from low-fat meat products.	the effect of fat content and carbohydrate fat-replacers on the release of volatile odor compounds from beefburger, salami, and frankfurter has been investigated. the reduction in fat content in any of the three meat products studied resulted in a tendency toward an increase in the quantities of volatiles released in the headspace. tapioca starch and maltodextrin appear to delay the release of certain classes of compounds selectively; for instance, tapioca starch appears to slow the release of s ...	2000	10956136
a convenient synthesis of optically active 5,5-disubstituted 4-amino- and 4-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanones from (s)-ketone cyanohydrins.	(s)-ketone cyanohydrins (s)-2 are accessible by enantioselective hcn addition to ketones 1 by using hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta ((s)-mehnl) as a biocatalyst. acylation of (s)-2 gave the corresponding (s)-acyloxynitriles (s)-3, which can be cyclized by lhmds to give 5,5-disubstituted (s)-4-amino-2(5h)-furanones (s)-4 and (s)-5. different substituents (h. me, obn, oh) in the 3-position of the furanones were introduced by selecting the appropriate acylating agent, which in the case ...	2000	10961401
[xanthan production by xanthomonas campestris in a non-conventional culture medium].	among 3 varieties of xanthomonas campestris, the variety ocumo (x. campestris pv. ocumo), showed the greatest capacity for producing xanthan. this bacteria grows appropriately and produces this polysaccharide in a wide diversity of carbohydrate sources. however, this strain does not produce xanthan when the carbohydrate comes from lignocellulosic materials. the glucose syrup favepro was the carbon source that showed the best yield (23 g/l) with the greatest viscosity (7000 cps) of xanthan. the o ...	1999	10974710
chemical, physical and morphometric properties of peruvian carrot (arracacia xanthorrhiza b.) starch.	starch was isolated from peruvian carrot (pc)--or arracacha--(arraccacia xanthorrhiza b.) roots. its chemical, physical, physicochemical and granular structural properties were compared to those of commercial cassava starch. scanning electron microscopy revealed a granular size for pc starch ranging between 4 and 26 microns in diameter, with spherical and truncated-egg shapes. pc and cassava starches were similar regarding gross chemical composition and basic physical characteristics but differe ...	1999	10974715
effect of cassava consumption on open-field behavior and brain neurotransmitters in albino rats.	diet exerts a critical influence on human biology and thus studies on the interrelationship of nutrition and behavior continues to be a major and important focus of research in the natural experimental sciences. cassava is known to cause metabolic and neurological derangement on long-term consumption as a staple diet in the tropics. in this article we present the effects of cassava consumption on open-field behavior and catecholamine levels in the hypothalamus of albino rats. cassava consumption ...	2000	10978482
assessment of genetic variability in a traditional cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) farming system, using aflp markers.	despite the urgent need to conserve domesticated plant genetic resources, and developing 'on farm' strategies of conservation, the impact of traditional farming practices and of their interaction with ecological factors on the structure and evolutionary dynamics of the genetic variability of crop populations has been little documented. we assessed the genetic variability of 31 varieties of cassava (m. esculenta crantz) traditionally grown by makushi amerindians from guyana, using aflp markers. w ...	2000	11012725
the effects of calcium benzoate in diets with or without organic acids on dietary buffering capacity, apparent digestibility, retention of nutrients, and manure characteristics in swine.	eight barrows (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]), initially 30 kg bw, were fitted with ileal cannulas to evaluate the effects of supplementing ca benzoate (2.4%) and organic acids (oa) in the amount of 300 meq acid/kg feed on dietary buffering capacity (bc), apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients, and manure characteristics. swine were allotted in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments according to a cyclic (8 x 5) changeover design. two tapioca-corn-soybean meal-b ...	2000	11048928
starch grains reveal early root crop horticulture in the panamanian tropical forest.	native american populations are known to have cultivated a large number of plants and domesticated them for their starch-rich underground organs. suggestions that the likely source of many of these crops, the tropical forest, was an early and influential centre of plant husbandry have long been controversial because the organic remains of roots and tubers are poorly preserved in archaeological sediments from the humid tropics. here we report the occurrence of starch grains identifiable as manioc ...	2000	11057665
cross-species amplification of cassava (manihot esculenta) (euphorbiaceae) microsatellites: allelic polymorphism and degree of relationship.	microsatellite amplification was performed on cassava (manihot esculenta) and six other different species (all wild) of the manihot genus. we used ten pairs of microsatellite primers previously developed from cassava, detecting 124 alleles in a sample of 121 accessions of the seven species. the number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 21 alleles, and allelic diversity was greater in the wild species than in cassava. seventy-nine alleles, including unique ones, were detected in the wild sp ...	2000	11080115
genetic relationships among biotypes of bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) based on aflp analysis.	genetic similarities between 13 samples belonging to nine reference biotypes and two field populations of bemisia tabaci (gennadius), one field population of b. medinae gómez-menor and another of b. afer priesner & hosny, were evaluated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. the results indicate that b. tabaci biotypes can be grouped together with a minimum similarity coefficient of 0.32 and separated from the two other species with a similarity coefficient of 0.07. bemisia ...	2000	11082556
hydrogen peroxide and flavan-3-ols in storage roots of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) during postharvest deterioration.	cassava storage roots are an important staple food throughout the lowland humid tropics. however, cassava suffers from a poorly understood storage disorder, known as postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd), which constrains its exploitation. in an attempt to broaden the understanding of ppd, nine different cassava cultivars were analyzed for specific compounds accumulating during the process. the production of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) is involved in the early stages of ppd in cassava r ...	2000	11087513
enzyme modification of starch granules: formation and retention of cyclomaltodextrins inside starch granules by reaction of cyclomaltodextrin glucanosyltransferase with solid granules.	cyclomaltodextrin glucanosyltransferase (cgtase) was adsorbed into starch granules and allowed to react at 37 degrees c. the reaction was conducted with the granules removed from an aqueous environment, but containing 50% w/w water inside the granule. reaction for 20 h gave a maximum of 1.4%, w/w of cyclodextrins (cds) inside the granule. waxy maize and maize starches gave the highest amounts of cds (1.3 and 1.4%, respectively), with tapioca and amylomaize-7 starches giving about 50% less (0.9 a ...	2000	11093706
complete nucleotide sequence and host range of south african cassava mosaic virus: further evidence for recombination amongst begomoviruses.	complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a (2800 nt) and dna-b (2760 nt) components of a novel cassava-infecting begomovirus, south african cassava mosaic virus (sacmv), were determined and compared with various new world and old world begomoviruses. sacmv is most closely related to east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv) in both its dna-a (85% with eacmv-mh and -mk) and -b (90% with eacmv-ug2-mld and eacmv-ug3-svr) components; however, percentage sequence similarities of less than 90% in the ...	2001	11125158
effects of dietary carbohydrates and buffering capacity on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in finishing pigs.	a 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with 24 finishing pigs (yorkshire x [finnish landrace x dutch landrace]) to determine the effects of dietary buffering capacity (bc) and carbohydrate sources on apparent total tract digestibility (td), n retention, and manure characteristics. twelve of these pigs were fitted with steered ileo-cecal value cannulas to measure the apparent ileal digestibility (id) of n. experimental variables were two levels of bc (high = 600 meq/kg and low = 530 meq/kg) a ...	2000	11132824
cassava mosaic virus disease in east africa: a dynamic disease in a changing environment.	cassava mosaic disease (cmd), now known to be caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses (family geminiviridae; genus begomovirus), was first reported in east africa in 1894. epidemics occurred in madagascar and uganda in the 1930s and 1940s, and more localised rapid spread of cmd was observed in parts of coastal tanzania in the 1930s and coastal kenya in the 1970s. during the 1990s, a major regional pandemic of an unusually severe form of cmd has expanded to affect parts of at least five countries, ...	2000	11137168
identification of essential active-site residues in the cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (linamarase) from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by site-directed mutagenesis.	the coding sequence of the mature cyanogenic beta-glucosidase (beta-glucoside glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.21; linamarase) was cloned into the vector pyx243 modified to contain the suc2 yeast secretion signal sequence and expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant enzyme is active, glycosylated and showed similar stability to the plant protein. michaelis constants for hydrolysis of the natural substrate, linamarin (k(m)=1.06 mm) and the synthetic p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside (pnp ...	2001	11139381
cloning and characterization of estc from burkholderia gladioli, a novel-type esterase related to plant enzymes.	by screening a genomic library of burkholderia gladioli (formerly pseudomonas marginata) for clones exhibiting esterolytic activity, the gene for a novel-type esterase (estc) showing significant homology to plant enzymes could be isolated. high homology was found to two hydroxynitrile lyases originating from hevea brasiliensis (tropical rubber tree) and manihot esculenta (cassava), and to two proteins from oryza sativa (rice) that are specifically induced upon infection by pseudomonas syringae p ...	2000	11152069
microsatellite variation in cassava (manihot esculenta, euphorbiaceae) and its wild relatives: further evidence for a southern amazonian origin of domestication.	genetic variation at five microsatellite loci was used to investigate the evolutionary and geographical origins of cassava (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta) and the population structure of cassava's wild relatives. two hundred and twelve individuals were sampled, representing 20 crop accessions, 27 populations of cassava's closest wild relative (m. esculenta subsp. flabellifolia), and six populations of a potentially hybridizing species (m. pruinosa). seventy-three alleles were observed acros ...	2001	11159133
hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from tapioca starch reduces zinc and iron absorption, but not calcium and magnesium absorption, in rats.	male rats were fed a fiber-free, purified diet containing either gelatinized tapioca starch that was not modified chemically (ts, 50 g/kg diet) or gelatinized chemically modified tapioca starch (cms, 50 g/kg) for 21 d. ts was used as the control. the six kinds of gelatinized hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (hdp) from tapioca with two different degrees of substitution (ds) and three different degrees of cross-linking (dc) were used as cms sources. the wet weight and moisture of fecal output of t ...	2001	11160549
recombination, pseudorecombination and synergism of geminiviruses are determinant keys to the epidemic of severe cassava mosaic disease in uganda.	the molecular variability of cassava geminiviruses occurring in uganda was investigated in this study. infected cassava plants and whiteflies were collected from cassava plantings in different geographical areas of the country and pcr was used for molecular characterization of the viruses. two complete sequences of dna-a and -b from african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), two dna-a sequences from east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv), two dna-b sequences of eacmv and the partial dna-a nucleotid ...	2001	11172108
the size of encapsidated single-stranded dna determines the multiplicity of african cassava mosaic virus particles.	transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants harbouring a defective interfering (di) dna of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and control plants were inoculated with acmv. virus particles were purified from infected plants, separated in sucrose gradients and fractions were analysed by southern blotting. transgenic plant-derived virus particles taken from the top fractions of sucrose gradients contained di dna, middle fractions contained a mixture of genomic and di dna and bottom fractions contained ...	2001	11172110
structure of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in complex with substrates acetone and chloroacetone: implications for the mechanism of cyanogenesis.	the crystal structures of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) complexed with the native substrate acetone and substrate analogue chloroacetone have been determined and refined at 2.2 a resolution. the substrates are positioned in the active site by hydrogen-bond interactions of the carbonyl o atom with thr11 og, ser80 og and, to a lesser extent, cys81 sg. these studies support a mechanism for cyanogenesis as well as for the stereospecific mehnl-catalyzed formation of (s)-cyanohyd ...	2001	11173464
performance of growing goats fed gliricidia maculata.	sixteen female crossbred (localxanglo-nubian) goats raised from 20-30kg were fed a basal diet of cassava chips, cotton seed cake, rice bran and rice straw, where 0, 30, 40 or 50% of the diet dry matter was replaced with leaves from gliricidia maculata. all the diets containing gliricidia resulted in a higher intake than the diet without gliricidia, but the diet with 30% gliricidia gave the best intake and the highest growth rate, 105g per day. total intake was 2.8% of the body weight (bw). five ...	2001	11182303
effects of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on energy metabolism in group-housed sows.	the effect of dietary nonstarch polysaccharide (nsp) content on the metabolic rate in group-housed sows was studied. twelve groups of six nonpregnant sows were each fed one of four experimental diets similar in composition except for the starch and nsp content. exchanging sugar beet pulp silage (sbps) for tapioca created the difference in starch and nsp ratio in the diet. on a dm basis, diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 30% sbps. sows were group-housed and fed at 1.30 times the assumed maintenance e ...	2001	11204695
efficient production of transgenic cassava using negative and positive selection.	in order to improve the efficiency of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) transformation, two different selection systems were assessed, a positive one based on the use of mannose as the selective agent, and a negative one based on hygromycin resistance encoded by an intron-containing hph gene. transgenic plants selected on mannose or hygromycin were regenerated for the first time from embryogenic suspensions cocultivated with agrobacterium. after the initial selection using mannose and hygromyci ...	2000	11206969
a comparative study of modified starches in direct compression of a water soluble drug-chloroquine phosphate.	some in vitro properties of chloroquine phosphate tablets formulated with four modified starches were investigated. the drug was formulated as tablets containing 250 mg of chloroquine phosphate and produced by the direct compression technique. the starches were isolated from maize, zea mays, rice, oryza sativa, cassava, manihot esculenta and cocoyam, zanthosoma sagittifolium. they were modified through physicochemical process, sta-rx 1500, a directly compressible starch was used as basis for com ...	2013	11213430
isozyme diversity in cassava cultivars (manihot esculenta crantz).	isoenzyme electrophoresis was used as a method to determine genetic diversity in various m. esculenta cultivars collected in the southwestern (sw) and northwestern (nw) regions of the state of parana, in the south region of brazil, and in cultivars produced at the agronomic institute of campinas (iac), são paulo state, southeastern region of brazil. the cultivars have been maintained by vegetative propagation for 5 years and are useful in production programs. a total of 28 loci in the acid phosp ...	2000	11221580
effect of dietary factors on the detection of fecal occult blood in cats.	eight different diets were each fed to 6 cats to evaluate the effect on a guaiac and an o-tolidine fecal occult blood test. fecal samples were collected from day 5 through day 7. canine blood or pure cottage cheese were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. one hundred thirty-four fecal samples were analyzed. the dry fish (capelin) and vegetable (tapioca) diet and the pure cottage cheese diet had only negative results in both tests, whereas a canned chicken and cereal (rice) diet ...	2001	11289220
expression of a bifunctional green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion marker under the control of three constitutive promoters and enhanced derivatives in transgenic grape (vitis vinifera).	activity of three constitutive promoters and enhanced derivatives in transgenic grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. thompson seedless) was characterized using a bifunctional fusion marker containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) genes. relative differences in transient gfp expression and stable transformation efficiencies were used to compare promoter activity. expression patterns in transformed somatic embryos revealed that the act2 promoter from ...	2001	11297784
does prolonged cyanide exposure have a diabetogenic effect?	cyanide exposure through cassava consumption has been associated with the development of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (mrdm). however, there are few experimental reproductions of this disease. in the present study 42 rats received 0, 9.0 or 12.0 mg kcn/kg bw/d for 15 d, 26 pigs were dosed with 0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 mg kcn/kg for 74 d, and 34 goats received 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 or 3.0 mg kcn/kg for 5 mo. at the end of each experimental period, plasma samples were obtained for glucose and thioc ...	2001	11308117
mechanistic aspects of cyanogenesis from active-site mutant ser80ala of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta in complex with acetone cyanohydrin.	the structure and function of hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) have been analyzed by x-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis. the crystal structure of the mehnl-s80a mutant enzyme has been refined to an r-factor of 18.0% against diffraction data to 2.1-a resolution. the three-dimensional structure of the mehnl-s80a-acetone cyanohydrin complex was determined at 2.2-a resolution and refined to an r-factor of 18.7%. thr11 and cys81 involved in substrate binding have b ...	2001	11316882
cooperativity and substrate specificity of an alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of micrococcus halobius or-1.	the saccharifying alkaline amylase and neopullulanase complex of micrococcus halobius or-1 hydrolyzes both alpha-(1,4)- and alpha-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages of different linear and branched polysaccharides. the following observations were made concerning the analysis of the coexpressed amylase and neopullulanase enzymes. even though the enzymes were subjected to a rigorous purification protocol, the activities could not be separated, because both the enzymes were found to migrate in a single peak ...	2001	11318036
cassava-soy weaning food: biological evaluation and effects on rat organs.	weaning food was formulated using a cassava product, 'tapioca' (tap), supplemented with roasted-sprouted soybeans (ss), with and without additional (10%) malted sorghum flour (ms). biological evaluation was carried out on the formulations using 4-5 week old weanling albino rats, with cerelac (a commercial maize-milk weaning food) as the control diet. there were increases in growth rate of rats fed with both the test and control diets. there were no significant (p >0.05) differences between the t ...	2001	11318505
methanobacterium congolense sp. nov., from a methanogenic fermentation of cassava peel.	strain ct, a non-motile, mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic, methanogenic bacterium, was isolated from an anaerobic digester used for the treatment of raw cassava-peel waste in congo. the cells were rods, 0.4-0.5 x 2-10 microm in size, and stained gram-positive. hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the only substrates that supported growth and methane production. methane production, but not growth, occurred with co2 in the presence of either 2-propanol, 2-butanol or cyclopentanol as hydrogen donors. the t ...	2001	11321095
dynamics of the microbial community responsible for traditional sour cassava starch fermentation studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative rrna hybridization.	the microbial community developing during the spontaneous fermentation of sour cassava starch was investigated by cultivation-independent methods. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of partially amplified 16s rdna followed by sequencing of the most intense bands showed that the dominant organisms were all lactic acid bacteria (lab), mainly close relatives of bifidobacterium minimum, lactococcus lactis, streptococcus sp., enterococcus saccharolyticus and lactobacillus plantarum., clos ...	2001	11322700
simultaneous analysis of the bidirectional african cassava mosaic virus promoter activity using two different luciferase genes.	the expression of geminivirus genes is controlled by bidirectional promoters which are located in the large intergenic region of the circular dna genomes and specifically regulated by virus encoded proteins. in order to study the simultaneous regulation of both orientations of the dna a and dna b promoters of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), they were cloned between two different luciferase genes with the firefly luciferase gene in complementary-sense and the renilla luciferase gene in virio ...	2001	11324760
amylopectin aggregation as a function of starch phosphate content studied by size exclusion chromatography and on-line refractive index and light scattering.	starches with a natural 65-fold span in covalently bound phosphate content were prepared from five different crops including sorghum, cassava, three potato varieties and an exotic ginger plant, curcuma zedoaria, with extreme starch phosphate content. these starches were subjected to size exclusion chromatography with refractive index detection (sec/ri). a simple and rapid method for starch solubilisation was used. the conditions during solubilisation (2 m naoh) and separation (10 mm naoh, 50 deg ...	2001	11325429
[cloning, expression and preliminary application of a alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase from cassave].	alpha-hydroxynitrile lyase (me-hnls, e.c. 4.1.2.3.37) from the cyanogenic crop cassava(manihot esculentz, crantz) catalyze the condensation of hydrocyanic acid and aldehydes or ketone into (s)-cyanohydrins, which are valuable starting material for various optically active compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. the cdna of a me-hnl were obtained by rt-pcr and cloned. the sequencing result for the cdna showed that the sequence encoded for the me-hnl was inconsistent with all those w ...	2001	11330194
expression of the oligomerization domain of the replication-associated protein (rep) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus interferes with dna accumulation of heterologous geminiviruses.	the minimal dna binding domain of the replication-associated protein (rep) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus was determined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift analysis and co-purification assays. dna binding activity maps to amino acids 1-160 (rep-(1-160)) of the rep protein and overlaps with the protein oligomerization domain. transient expression of rep protein (rep-(1-160)) was found to inhibit homologous viral dna accumulation by 70-86% in tobacco protoplasts and in nicotiana benthamian ...	2001	11342533
dietary factors in relation to the distribution of duodenal ulcer in india as assessed by studies in rats.	the prevalence of duodenal ulcer is less in the northern wheat-eating regions of india and china than in the southern rice-eating areas.	2001	11350544
origin and environmental setting of ancient agriculture in the lowlands of mesoamerica.	archaeological research in the gulf coast of tabasco reveals the earliest record of maize cultivation in mexico. the first farmers settled along beach ridges and lagoons of the grijalva river delta. pollen from cultivated zea appears with evidence of forest clearing about 5100 calendar years b.c. (yr b.c.) [6200 (14)c years before the present (yr b.p.)]. large zea sp. pollen, typical of domesticated maize (zea mays), appears about 5000 calendar yr b.c. (6000 yr b.p.). a manihot sp. pollen grain ...	2001	11359011
microbial ecology of muffins baked from cassava and other nonwheat flours.	cassava flour was evaluated as a partial substitute for wheat flour in gluten-free muffins. four replicate test bakes were carried out to evaluate the microbial ecology of two muffin mixes, made with different combinations of cassava, soya, sorghum, sago, and potato flour. the muffins were baked at 180 degrees c for 25 min, stored at 30 degrees c and analysed microbiologically for up to 10 days post-baking. raw materials were similarly analysed microbiologically on the day of baking. characteriz ...	2001	11368089
characteristics and significance of yeasts' involvement in cassava fermentation for 'fufu' production.	six different strains of yeast, namely candida krusei, c. tropicalis, pichia saitoi, saccharomyces cerevisiae, p. anomala and zygosaccharomyces bailii were found present in cassava-fermenting water in the early part of the fermentation. the latter part of the fermentation was dominated in all cases by three strains of yeast namely c. krusei, c. tropicalis and z. bailii. all the yeast strains exhibited amylolytic capabilities while none was able to produce cellulase. all the strains except zygosa ...	2001	11393690