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human-derived probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strains differentially reduce intestinal inflammation.lactobacillus reuteri (l. reuteri) is a probiotic that inhibits the severity of enteric infections and modulates the immune system. human-derived l. reuteri strains dsm17938, atcc pta4659, atcc pta 5289, and atcc pta 6475 have demonstrated strain-specific immunomodulation in cultured monocytoid cells, but information about how these strains affect inflammation in intestinal epithelium is limited. we determined the effects of the four different l. reuteri strains on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induc ...201020798357
heterologous production of pediocin pa-1 in lactobacillus reuteri.the recombinant dna plr5cat_psab in which pediocin pa-1 structural and immunity genes (pedab) fused with the promoter and deduced signal sequence of an alpha-amylase gene from a bifidobacterial strain were inserted in plr5cat, an escherichia coli-lactobacilli shuttle vector was transferred to lactobacillus reuteri kctc 3679 and the transformant presented bacteriocin activity. the recombinant l. reuteri kctc 3679 transformed with the shortened plr5cat(s)_psab, where non-essential region for the l ...201020798585
lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and l. reuteri rc-14 to prevent or cure bacterial vaginosis among women with hiv.to assess, among women with hiv, whether long-term oral lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 supplementation can prevent bacterial vaginosis (bv) and enhance the cure rate of metronidazole among those with bv.201020801446
specific degradation of the mucus adhesion-promoting protein (mapa) of lactobacillus reuteri to an antimicrobial peptide.the intestinal flora of mammals contains lactic acid bacteria (lab) that may provide positive health effects for the host. such bacteria are referred to as probiotic bacteria. from a pig, we have isolated a lactobacillus reuteri strain that produces an antimicrobial peptide (amp). the peptide was purified and characterized, and it was unequivocally shown that the amp was a well-defined degradation product obtained from the mucus adhesion-promoting protein (mapa); it was therefore termed ap48-map ...201020833791
unraveling the hydroxypropionaldehyde (hpa) system: an active antimicrobial agent against human pathogens.the hydroxypropionaldehyde (hpa) system is a natural defense system synthesized by the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri. to elucidate which of the molecules composing the hpa system (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa), reuterin (hpa dimer), and hpa hydrate) is responsible for the potent antimicrobial activity in biological systems, a combination of biochemical, genetic, and proteomic assays was used. the hpa system reacts with sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as cysteine and reduced g ...201020845960
strain-specific diversity of mucus-binding proteins in the adhesion and aggregation properties of lactobacillus reuteri.mucus-binding proteins (mubs) have been revealed as one of the effector molecules involved in mechanisms of the adherence of lactobacilli to the host; mub, or mub-like, genes are found in all of the six genomes of lactobacillus reuteri that are available. we recently reported the crystal structure of a mub repeat from l. reuteri atcc 53608 (also designated strain 1063), revealing an unexpected recognition of immunoglobulins. in the current study, we explored the diversity of the atcc 53608 mub g ...201020847011
new treatments for infant colic.infantile colic is a common problem within the first 3 months of life and causes considerable distress for parents and paediatricians. despite 40 years of research, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood and treatment remains an open issue. this review will describe recent studies that have examined different kinds of interventions.201020859207
identification and characterization of the propanediol utilization protein pdup of lactobacillus reuteri for 3-hydroxypropionic acid production from glycerol.although the de novo biosynthetic mechanism of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-hp) in glycerol-fermenting microorganisms is still unclear, the propanediol utilization protein (pdup) of lactobacillus species has been suggested to be a key enzyme in this regard. to verify this hypothesis, a pdup gene from lactobacillus reuteri was cloned and expressed, and the encoded protein was characterized. recombinant l. reuteri pdup exhibited broad substrate specificity including 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and util ...201020890600
probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and taiwanese pickled cabbage.this study assessed potential probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and from taiwanese pickled cabbage for their possible use in probiotic fermented foods by evaluating their (i) in vitro adhesive ability, resistance to biotic stress, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and production of β-galactosidase; (ii) milk technological properties; and (iii) in vivo adhesive ability, intestinal survival and microbial changes during and after treatment. five lactobac ...201020951815
probiotic lactobacillus reuteri ameliorates disease due to enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in germfree mice.strains of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) are a group of shiga toxin-producing food-borne pathogens that cause severe hemorrhagic colitis and can lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), a life-threatening condition that principally affects children and for which there is no effective treatment. we used a germfree mouse model of renal and enteric disease due to ehec to determine if probiotic lactobacillus reuteri atcc pta 6475 is effective in suppressing disease symptoms caused by ehe ...201020974822
diversity of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in feces of herbivores, omnivores and carnivores.the lactobacillus and bifidobacterium population in the feces of 26 animals (16 species) were studied by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. lactobacilli were detected from a few herbivores, all carnivores and some omnivores. lactobacillus johnsonii, lactobacillus reuteri, lactobacillus salivarius, lactobacillus vaginalis and lactobacillus ingluviei were the most dominant lactobacilli in carnivores. these species were, however, not predominant in herbivores and omnivores. lacto ...201021034840
protective effect of lactobacillus casei strain shirota against lethal infection with multi-drug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in mice.the anti-infectious activity of lactobacilli against multi-drug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 (dt104) was examined in a murine model of an opportunistic antibiotic-induced infection.201021059159
expression of lactobacillus reuteri pg4 collagen-binding protein gene in lactobacillus casei atcc 393 increases its adhesion ability to caco-2 cells.the collagen-binding protein gene cnb was cloned from the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strain pg4. the dna sequence of the cnb gene (792 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 263 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 28.5 kda. the cnb gene was constructed so as to constitutively express under the control of the lactococcus lactis laca promoter and was transformed into lactobacillus casei atcc 393, a strain isolated from dairy products with poor ability to adhere to intestinal epi ...201021070005
inhibitory effect of heat-killed lactobacillus strain on immunoglobulin e-mediated degranulation and late-phase immune reactions of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.this study investigated the in vitro effect of lactobacillus strains, a major group of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, on immunoglobulin e (ige)- and antigen-induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent gene expression. bone marrow-derived mast cells (bmmcs) from dba/2 mice were cultured with heat-killed lactobacillus strains for 24 h. some strains significantly inhibited ige- and antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from bmmcs. furthermore, lactobacillus reuteri nbrc 15892, which exhibite ...201021108693
genome analysis of lactobacillus fermentum temperate bacteriophage фpyb5.the complete genomic sequence of lactobacillus fermentum temperate bacteriophage фpyb5 was determined. the phage possesses a linear, double-stranded dna genome of 32,847 bp with a g+c content of 45.21%. a total of 46 putative open reading frames (orfs) were identified. on the basis of homology comparisons, 25 orfs could be assigned putative functions. the genome of bacteriophage фpyb5 is highly modular with functionally related genes clustered together. genome dna of temperate bacteriophage фpyb ...201021111501
lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgitation in infants.young infants are frequently affected by uncomplicated regurgitation that may persist despite dietetic and conservative interventions. on this basis, we studied the putative effects of probiotics on the frequency of regurgitation and gastric emptying time in infants with functional gastroesophageal reflux (ger).201021114493
crystal structure of a 117 kda glucansucrase fragment provides insight into evolution and product specificity of gh70 enzymes.glucansucrases are large enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 70, which catalyze the cleavage of sucrose into fructose and glucose, with the concomitant transfer of the glucose residue to a growing α-glucan polymer. among others, plaque-forming oral bacteria secrete these enzymes to produce α-glucans, which facilitate the adhesion of the bacteria to the tooth enamel. we determined the crystal structure of a fully active, 1,031-residue fragment encompassing the catalytic and c-terminal ...201021118988
lactobacillus-mediated priming of the respiratory mucosa protects against lethal pneumovirus infection.the inflammatory response to respiratory virus infection can be complex and refractory to standard therapy. lactobacilli, when targeted to the respiratory epithelium, are highly effective at suppressing virus-induced inflammation and protecting against lethal disease. specifically, wild-type mice primed via intranasal inoculation with live or heat-inactivated lactobacillus plantarum or lactobacillus reuteri were completely protected against lethal infection with the virulent rodent pathogen, pne ...201021169550
lactic acid bacteria fermentation of human milk oligosaccharide components, human milk oligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides.human milk contains about 7% lactose and 1% human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) consisting of lactose with linked fucose, n-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. in infant formula, galactooligosaccharides (goss) are added to replace hmos. this study investigated the ability of six strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab), lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus reuteri, streptococcus thermophilus and leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, to digest ...201021175746
expression of integrins and toll-like receptors in cervical cancer: effect of infectious agents.we hypothesized that development of cervical cancer is associated with alterations in the expression of innate immune receptors, i.e. integrins and tlrs, and that these alterations can be induced by infectious agents. we have studied the expression of these proteins in cervical biopsy tissues and cervical cancer-derived cell lines hela, caski, siha, c-33 a, and me180. immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated an increase in integrin αv, β3, β4, and β6 expression in the epithelium during the dev ...201121239458
structure and functions of exopolysaccharide produced by gut commensal lactobacillus reuteri 100-23.lactobacillus reuteri strain 100-23 together with a lactobacillus-free mouse model, provides a system with which the molecular traits underpinning bacterial commensalism in vertebrates can be studied. a polysaccharide was extracted from sucrose-containing liquid cultures of strain 100-23. chemical analysis showed that this exopolysaccharide was a levan (β-2, 6-linked fructan). mutation of the fructosyl transferase (ftf) gene resulted in loss of exopolysaccharide production. the ftf mutant was ab ...201121248858
proteolysis and bioconversion of cereal proteins to glutamate and ?-aminobutyrate (gaba) in rye malt sourdoughs.this study aimed to achieve the conversion of cereal proteins to the alternative end products glutamate or ?-aminobutyrate (gaba). rye malt, fungal proteases, and lactobacilli were employed to convert wheat gluten or barley proteins. glutamate and gaba formations were strain-dependent. lactobacillus reuteri tmw1.106 and lactobacillus rossiae 34j accumulated glutamate; l. reuteri lth5448 and lth5795 accumulated gaba. glutamate and gaba accumulation by l. reuteri tmw1.106 and lth5448 increased thr ...201121271723
lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci.the production of the staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) by staphylococcus aureus has been associated with essentially all cases of menstruation-associated toxic shock syndrome (tss). in this work, we show that the human vaginal isolate lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 produces small signaling molecules that are able to interfere with the staphylococcal quorum-sensing system agr, a key regulator of virulence genes, and repress the expression of tsst-1 in s. aureus mn8, a pr ...201121282650
effect of oral supplementation of lactobacillus reuteri in reduction of intestinal absorption of aflatoxin b(1) in rats.the goals of this work were to assess the ability of lactobacillus reuteri to bind aflatoxin b(1) in the intestinal tract and determine its effect on intestinal absorption of the toxin dispensed in either single or multiple doses in a murine model. male wistar rats were used, and two experiments were conducted after bacteria were implanted. experiment one involved a single-oral dose of toxin, and the subsequent flow cytometric analysis of bacteria isolated from the small intestine and treated wi ...201121298677
display of fibrobacter succinogenes ß-glucanase on the cell surface of lactobacillus reuteri.the aim of this study was to display a rumen bacterial ß-glucanase on the cell surface of a probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strain. the ß-glucan degrading ability and the adhesion capability of the genetically modified strain were evaluated. the ß-glucanase (glu) from fibrobacter succinogenes was fused to the c-terminus of collagen-binding protein (cnb) from l. reuteri and then expressed by l. reuteri pg4 as a recombinant cnb-glu-his(6) fusion protein. confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and ...201121302894
influence of dietary supplementation with lactobacillus reuteri on the oral flora of healthy subjects.investigate the presence of lactobacillus reuteri in saliva after supplementation with l. reuteri and the probiotic effect of l. reuteri on plaque index and supra- and subgingival microbiota. material and methods: the study included 23 healthy individuals, randomised into test or control subjects. at baseline and after 12 weeks saliva samples, plaque index and supra- and subgingival plaque samples were obtained. the test subjects were given the study product (containing l. reuteri, atcc 55730 an ...201021306085
a novel delivery system of probiotic drop and its effect on dental caries risk factors in cleft lip/palate children.the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children with cleft lip/palate who used the novel drop containing l. reuteri.201221309653
lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 appears to be effective in reducing crying time for colic. 201121316530
inhibition of type 1 diabetes correlated to a lactobacillus johnsonii n6.2-mediated th17 bias.although it is known that resident gut flora contribute to immune system function and homeostasis, their role in the progression of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (t1d) is poorly understood. comparison of stool samples isolated from bio-breeding rats, a classic model of t1d, shows that distinct bacterial populations reside in spontaneous bio-breeding diabetes-prone (bbdp) and bio-breeding diabetes-resistant animals. we have previously shown that the oral transfer of lactobacillus johnson ...201121317395
an in vitro protocol for direct isolation of potential probiotic lactobacilli from raw bovine milk and traditional fermented milks.a method for isolating potential probiotic lactobacilli directly from traditional milk-based foods was developed. the novel digestion/enrichment protocol was set up taking care to minimize the protective effect of milk proteins and fats and was validated testing three commercial fermented milks containing well-known probiotic lactobacillus strains. only probiotic bacteria claimed in the label were isolated from two out of three commercial fermented milks. the application of the new protocol to 1 ...201121318359
impact of ecological factors on the stability of microbial associations in sourdough fermentation.the limits for the stability of the microbial association 1 (lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and candida humilis) and association 2 (lactobacillus reuteri, lactobacillus johnsonii and issatchenkia orientalis) during sourdough fermentation were evaluated by investigating the effects of the ecological factors substrate, refreshment time, temperature, amount of backslopping and competing species in different combinations on their growth. sourdoughs were fermented in 28 batches under different condit ...201021356468
the evolution of host specialization in the vertebrate gut symbiont lactobacillus reuteri.recent research has provided mechanistic insight into the important contributions of the gut microbiota to vertebrate biology, but questions remain about the evolutionary processes that have shaped this symbiosis. in the present study, we showed in experiments with gnotobiotic mice that the evolution of lactobacillus reuteri with rodents resulted in the emergence of host specialization. to identify genomic events marking adaptations to the murine host, we compared the genome of the rodent isolat ...201121379339
increased dietary zinc oxide changes the bacterial core and enterobacterial composition in the ileum of piglets.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of increased dietary zno on the bacterial core and enterobacterial composition in the small intestine of piglets that were fed diets containing a total of 124 or 3,042 mg of zn per kilogram of diet, respectively. zinc was supplemented to the basal diet as zno. bacterial 16s rrna genes of ileal dna extracts were pcr-amplified with 2 bar-coded primer sets and sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing. the bacterial core species were calculated from the rel ...201121383037
lactobacillus reuteri promotes helicobacter hepaticus-associated typhlocolitis in gnotobiotic b6.129p2-il-10(tm1cgn) (il-10(-/-) ) mice.to model inflammatory bowel disease, we assessed infection with helicobacter hepaticus 3b1 (atcc 51449) and a potential probiotic lactobacillus reuteri (atcc pta-6475) in gnotobiotic b6.129p2-il-10(tm1cgn) (il-10(-/-) ) mice. no typhlocolitis developed in germ-free controls (n=21) or in l. reuteri (n=8) or h. hepaticus (n=18) mono-associated mice for 20 weeks post-infection. as positive controls, three specific pathogen-free il-10(-/-) mice dosed with h. hepaticus developed severe typhlocolitis ...201121426337
influence of antimicrobial feed additives on broiler commensal posthatch gut microbiota development and performance.the effects of avilamycin, zinc bacitracin, and flavophospholipol on broiler gut microbial community colonization and bird performance in the first 17 days posthatch were investigated. significant differences in gut microbiota associated with gut section, dietary treatment, and age were identified by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp), although no performance-related differences between dietary treatments were detected. similar age-related shifts in the gut microbiota wer ...201121441326
monitoring the bacterial community of maize silage stored in a bunker silo inoculated with enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri.to monitor variations in the bacterial community and fermentation products of maize silage within and between bunker silos.201121447012
enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogues using immobilized 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase from lactobacillus reuteri.covalent attachment of recombinant lactobacillus reuteri 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase to sepabeads ec-ep303 leads to the immobilized biocatalyst slrndt4, which displayed an enzymatic activity of 65.4 iu/g of wet biocatalyst in 2'-deoxyadenosine synthesis from 2'-deoxyuridine and adenine at 40°c and ph 6.5. response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of slrndt4 activity. optimal conditions for slrndt4 highest activity were observed at 40°c and ph 6.5. immobilized biocatalyst reta ...201121476139
cloning and heterologous expression of lactobacillus reuteri uroporphyrinogen iii synthase/methyltransferase gene (coba/hemd): preliminary characterization.purpose of work: to clone, express and characterize uroporphyrinogen iii synthase/methyltransferase gene (coba/hemd) from lactobacillus reuteri. some strains of lb. reuteri produce cobalamin (vitamin b(12)). cobalamin biosynthesis relies on the sequential action of more than 25 enzymes in a complex metabolic pathway. we have cloned, expressed and characterized the gene in lb. reuteri that codes for the s-adenosy l: -methionine uroprophyrinogen iii methyltransferase/synthase (coba/hemd), a key bi ...201121484341
development of γδ t cell subset responses in gnotobiotic pigs infected with human rotaviruses and colonized with probiotic lactobacilli.γδ t cell responses are induced by various viral and bacterial infections. different γδ t cells contribute to activation and regulation of the inflammatory response and to epithelial repair. how γδ t cells respond to rotavirus infection and how the colonization of probiotics influences the γδ t cell response were unknown. in this study, we evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry the frequencies and distribution of total γδ t cells and three major subsets (cd2-cd8-, cd2+cd8- and cd2+cd8+) in ileum ...201121489639
inhibitory effect of lactobacillus reuteri on periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria.the interaction between lactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic bacterium, and oral pathogenic bacteria have not been studied adequately. this study examined the effects of l. reuteri on the proliferation of periodontopathic bacteria including aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum, porphyromonas gingivalis, and tannerella forsythia, and on the formation of streptococcus mutans biofilms. human-derived l. reuteri strains (kctc 3594 and kctc 3678) and rat-derived l. reuteri kctc ...201121538238
proteomic characterization of a selenium-metabolizing probiotic lactobacillus reuteri lb2 bm for nutraceutical applications.selenium (se), se-cysteines and selenoproteins have received growing interest in the nutritional field as redox-balance modulating agents. the aim of this study was to establish the se-concentrating and se-metabolizing capabilities of the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri lb2 bm, for nutraceutical applications. a comparative proteomic approach was employed to study the bacteria grown in a control condition (mrs modified medium) and in a stimulated condition (4.38 mg/l of sodium selenite). the tota ...201121548091
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized adults.goals: the purpose of the study was to evaluate lactobacillus reuteri for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) in hospitalized adults. background: aad is a problem in hospitalized adults, contributing to increased length of stay, cost, and mortality. probiotics have been proposed as a way to prevent aad. l. reuteri decreases acute infectious diarrhea in children; however, l. reuteri has never been evaluated for the prevention of aad. study: in a randomized, double-blind, placeb ...201121552138
exploring metabolic pathway reconstruction and genome-wide expression profiling in lactobacillus reuteri to define functional probiotic features.the genomes of four lactobacillus reuteri strains isolated from human breast milk and the gastrointestinal tract have been recently sequenced as part of the human microbiome project. preliminary genome comparisons suggested that these strains belong to two different clades, previously shown to differ with respect to antimicrobial production, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation. to explain possible mechanisms of survival in the host and probiosis, we completed a detailed genomic comparison of ...201121559529
bacteriological effects of a lactobacillus reuteri probiotic on in vitro oral biofilms.objective: despite the targeted and incidental exposure of the oral cavity to probiotic bacteria, relatively little information is available concerning their bacteriological effects or ecological fate in this environment. we have investigated the effects of an oral probiotic bacterium, lactobacillus reuteri on salivary biofilm microcosms. design: nascent in vitro plaques in hydroxyapatite disc model and mature continuous culture plaques within constant depth film fermenters (cdffs) were exposed ...201121570060
effect of glutathione on growth of the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri.glutathione (gsh) is an abundant nonprotein thiol that plays numerous roles within the cell. previously, we showed that lactobacillus salivarius has the capacity to mount a glutathione-mediated acid-tolerance response. in the present work we provide evidence of a requirement for gsh by lactobacillus reuteri and have studied the role of gsh during cell growth. medium supplementation with 0.5 mm gsh as the sole sulfur source enhanced cell growth, resulting in an increase in glucose consumption, an ...201121585317
effect of kynurenic acid on the viability of probiotics in vitro.probiotics are bacteria that are commercially available as dietary supplements. one of the important properties of probiotics is their ability to survive in the intestine. recent evidence has identified kynurenic acid (kyna) as a bactericidal constituent of intestinal fluid. these data led us to study the influence of kyna on the viability of selected probiotics. we found that kyna supported the growth of bacteria in the probiotics acidolac (lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium) and lakcid ...201121602611
genome sequence of a vertebrate gut symbiont lactobacillus reuteri atcc 53608.lactobacillus reuteri inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of a range of vertebrates is a true symbiont with established beneficial effects to the host. here we describe the draft genome of l. reuteri atcc 53608 strain isolated from pig. the genome sequence provides important insights into the evolutionary changes underlying host specialisation.201121622738
effects of cryoprotectants on viability of lactobacillus reuteri cicc6226.freeze-drying is commonly used to preserve probiotics, but it could cause cell damage and loss of viability. the cryoprotectants play an important role in the conservation of viability during freeze-drying. in this study, we investigated the survival rates of lactobacillus reuteri cicc6226 in the presence of cryoprotectants such as sucrose, trehalose, and reconstituted skim milk (rsm). in addition, we determined the activities of hexokinase (hk), pyruvate kinase (pk), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) ...201121626024
a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study of probiotics in active rheumatoid arthritis.background: to examine the effect of probiotics as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). a sample size of 30 subjects was calculated to determine a moderate effect.<br /> material/methods: a three month double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed using probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 capsules administered orally. inclusion criteria required at least 4 swollen and 4 tender joints and stable medications with no steroids f ...201121629190
cyclopropane fatty acid synthase mutants of probiotic human-derived lactobacillus reuteri are defective in tnf inhibition.probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. many probiotic strains are now marketed to consumers and include organisms such as lactobacilli, streptococci, bifidobacteria, escherichia coli nissle 1917, and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, "saccharomyces boulardii". in general, probiotics are considered safe for human consumption based on previous clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and historical usage in fermen ...201121637024
effect of 25 weeks probiotic supplementation on immune function of hiv patients.introduction: studies with a follow-up of < 8 weeks have indicated immune-preserving effects of yogurt probiotic supplementation among hiv patients. to evaluate the impact of 25 weeks use of dried, encapsulated probiotics, a randomized, double blind, controlled study was undertaken on 65 women who were naïve to anti-retroviral treatment. results: ten participants were excluded post-randomization due to non-eligibility. thirty participants were assigned placebo, of whom 25 completed the study ver ...201121637031
inhibition of growth of trichophyton tonsurans by lactobacillus reuteri.aim:  the aims of this study were to identify antifungal lactic acid bacteria (lab) and characterize their activity against the dermatophyte trichophyton tonsurans. methods and results:  a total of 165 different lab were isolated and initially screened for anti-penicillium expansum activity. five strains, which exhibited strong inhibitory activity, were then tested against the dermatophyte t. tonsurans dsm12285, where they also caused inhibition as observed by large fungal clearing on agar surfa ...201121645181
ability of lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus reuteri to protect against oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxins-contaminated diet.lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been reported to remove mycotoxins from aqueous solutions through a binding process, which appears to be species and strain specific. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the protective role of lactobacillus casei (l1) and lactobacillus reuteri (l2) against aflatoxin (afs)-induced oxidative stress in rats. sixty female sprague-dawley rats were divided into 6 groups including the control group and the groups treated with l1 or l2 (1 x 10¹¹/ml) alone at a do ...201121658402
lactobacilli antagonize the growth, motility, and adherence of brachyspira pilosicoli: a potential intervention against avian intestinal spirochetosis.avian intestinal spirochetosis (ais) results from the colonization of the ceca and colorectum of poultry by pathogenic brachyspira species. the number of cases of ais has increased since the 2006 european union ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters, which, together with emerging antimicrobial resistance in brachyspira, has driven renewed interest in alternative intervention strategies. probiotics have been reported as protecting livestock against infection with common enteric pathogens, ...201121666022
quantitative transcript analysis of the inducible expression system psip: comparison of the overexpression of lactobacillus spp. +¦-galactosidases in lactobacillus plantarum.abstract:201121696579
in infants with 'colic'/persistent crying, administration of daily lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 was associated with reduced crying time at 1, 2 and 3 weeks. 201121719466
production of high amounts of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde from glycerol by lactobacillus reuteri with strongly increased biocatalyst lifetime and productivity.3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3hpa) is a promising versatile substance derived from the renewable feedstock glycerol. it is a product of glycerol metabolism in lactobacillus reuteri. because of toxic effects, the biotechnological production is poor. in this work the biocatalyst lifetime and product formation could be drastically increased. in the established two-step process already applied, cells are grown in the first step under anaerobic conditions, and in the second step the immobilised or suspe ...201121729774
short-term consumption of probiotic lactobacilli has no effect on acid production of supragingival plaque.acidogenicity and the levels of mutans streptococci (ms) in dental plaque after the use of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and lactobacillus reuteri were determined. the study had a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. thirteen volunteers used tablets containing lgg or a combination of l. reuteri sd2112 and pta 5289 for 2-áweeks. at baseline and at the end of each tablet period, all available supragingival plaque was collected. lactic acid production was determined from a fixed volume (8 ...201121732090
oral treatment of chickens with lactobacilli influences elicitation of immune responses.commensal microbes in the intestine are in constant interaction with host cells and play a role in shaping the immune system. lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus reuteri, and lactobacillus salivarius are members of the chicken intestinal microbiota and have been shown to induce different cytokine profiles in mononuclear cells in vitro. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of these bacteria individually or in combination on the induction of antibody- and cell-mediate ...201121734067
efflux of bile acids in lactobacillus reuteri is mediated by atp.purpose of work: to study whether an active bile acid (ba) efflux occurs in lactobacillus reuteri crl 1098 as well as the nature (atp or proton motive force [pmf] mediated primary transport) of the ba extrusion mechanism. bas are powerful detergents which disorganize the lipid bilayer structure of cellular membranes. specific bile resistance mechanisms (bile efflux, bile salt hydrolysis, and intrinsic architecture and composition of cell membrane the most prevalent) have been described in intest ...201121744273
lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 and l22 display probiotic potential in vitro and protect against salmonella-induced pullorum disease in a chick model of infection.lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 (l. reuteri atcc 55730) and l. reuteri l22 were studied for their probiotic potential. these two strains were able to produce an antimicrobial substance, termed reuterin, the maximum production of reuterin by these two strains was detected in the late logarithmic growth phase (16h in mrs and 20h in lb broths). these two strains could significantly reduce the growth of salmonella pullorum atcc 9120 in mrs broth, l. reuteri atcc 55730 with a reduction of 48.2±4.15% ...201121764090
methodological issues in randomized trials assessing probiotics for periodontal treatment.dhingra k. methodological issues in randomized trials assessing probiotics for periodontal treatment. j periodont res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01399.x.©2011 john wiley & sons a/s background and objective: probiotics traditionally used in medicine field are now being used in an attempt to control and treat periodontal disease. however, the trials used to analyze the effects of probiotics have been subject to methodological criticism. the aim of this review was to assess the methodolog ...201121777405
functional identification in lactobacillus reuteri of a pocr-like transcription factor regulating glycerol utilization and vitamin b12 synthesis.abstract: background: lactobacillus reuteri harbors the genes responsible for glycerol utilization and vitamin b12 synthesis within a genetic island phylogenetically related to gamma-proteobacteria. within this island, resides a gene (lreu_1750) that based on its genomic context has been suggested to encode the regulatory protein pocr and presumably control the expression of the neighboring loci. however, this functional assignment is not fully supported by sequence homology, and hitherto, compl ...201121777454
effect of liquid whey feeding on fecal microbiota of mature and growing pigs.the effect of liquid whey feeding on fecal bacteria and their metabolites was assessed in five pregnant sows and 66 growing pigs. sows were fed a control diet for 4 weeks (control period) followed by the same diet but with whey feeding (5 l/day/pig) for 4 weeks (whey period). one group of growing pigs was given 267 l of whey per pig (whey group), while the other group was not (control group). in both cases, liquid whey was given separately from control diet. sows in the whey period had feces sho ...201121794022
a th1/th2-associated chemokine imbalance during infancy in children developing eczema, wheeze and sensitization.background analyses of circulating chemokines offer novel tools to investigate the t helper (th)1/th2 imbalance in allergic disease in vivo. objective to relate circulating th1- and th2-associated chemokines in infancy to allergic disease, sensitization and probiotic supplementation. methods circulating levels of th1-associated cxc-chemokine ligand (cxcl)9, cxcl10 and cxcl11 and th2-associated cc-chemokine ligand (ccl)17 and ccl22 were assessed with luminex and ccl18 with enzyme-linked immunosor ...201121801246
1,3-propanediol dehydrogenases in lactobacillus reuteri: impact on central metabolism and 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde production.abstract: background: lactobacillus reuteri metabolizes glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa) and further to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pdo), the latter step catalysed by a propanediol dehydrogenase (pdh). the last step in this pathway regenerates nad+ and enables therefore the energetically more favourable production of acetate over ethanol during growth on glucose. results: a search throughout the genome of l. reuteri dsm 20016 revealed two putative pdhs encoded by orfs lr_0030 and lr_1734. o ...201121812997
obesity-associated gut microbiota is enriched in lactobacillus reuteri and depleted in bifidobacterium animalis and methanobrevibacter smithii.background:obesity is associated with increased health risk and has been associated with alterations in bacterial gut microbiota, with mainly a reduction in bacteroidetes, but few data exist at the genus and species level. it has been reported that the lactobacillus and bifidobacterium genus representatives may have a critical role in weight regulation as an anti-obesity effect in experimental models and humans, or as a growth-promoter effect in agriculture depending on the strains.objectives an ...201121829158
viability and delivery of immobilised lactobacillus reuteri dpc16 within calcium alginate gel systems during sequential passage through simulated gastrointestinal fluids.the objective of the study was to design and produce calcium alginate beads that can deliver immobilised lactobacillus reuteri dpc16 to a target site of the colon in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract. in this study, several factors that might affect the effectiveness of calcium alginate gel beads entrapping l. reuteri dpc16 cells were investigated. an in vitro gi tract model was used to simulate the ph variation and the existence of enzymes. firstly, by varying the concentration of alginate at a c ...201121831794
microbiological and chemical characterisation of ting, a sorghum-based sourdough product from botswana.ting is a fermented sorghum product of botswana which is used to prepare porridges of different consistencies. this study aimed to characterise ting with respect to fermentation microbiota and metabolite composition, and to develop starter cultures for ting fermentation. the ph values of 10 ting samples from botswana ranged between 3.5 and 4.0 and cell counts ranged between 1.2×10(8) and 1.2×10(10)cfu/g lactic acid bacteria. yeast cell counts were below 10(5)cfu/g in all samples and enterobacter ...201121862164
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri alleviates the response to gastric distension in rats.Probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been reported to alleviate symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. However, they have not been tested for use in functional gastric disease. We therefore investigated if strains previously shown to protect from response to colorectal distension (CRD) in rats also modulate response to gastric distension (GD). Healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with viable, heat-killed, gamma-irradiated Lactobacillus reuteri or viable Lactobacillus planta ...201121880952
structure-function relationships of the antibacterial activity of phenolic acids and their metabolism by lactic acid bacteria.to determine structure-function relationships of antibacterial phenolic acids and their metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab).201121895894
utilization of uf-permeate for production of beta-galactosidase by lactic acid bacteria.four lactobacilli strains (lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacilus casei and lactobacillus reuteri) were grown in mrs broth and three lactococci strains (streptococcus thermophilus, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetilactis) were grown in m17 broth. l. reuteri and s. thermophilus were chosen on the basis of the best mean beta-galactosidase activity of 10.44 and 10.01 u/ml respectively, for further studies on permeate-bas ...201121905631
Characterization of tetracycline resistance lactobacilli isolated from swine intestines at western area of Taiwan.To investigate the frequency of tetracycline resistance (Tet-R) lactobacilli in pig intestines, a total of 256 pig colons were analyzed and found to contain typical colonies of Tet-R lactic acid bacteria in every sample, ranging from 3.2 × 10(3) to 6.6 × 10(5) CFU/cm(2). From these samples, a total of 159 isolates of Tet-R lactobacilli were obtained and identified as belonging to 11 species, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus planta ...201121906691
Lactobacillus species shift in distal esophagus of high-fat-diet-fed rats.To analyze the microbiota shift in the distal esophagus of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet.201121912459
persistence of lactobacillus reuteri dsm17938 in the human intestinal tract: response to consecutive and alternate-day supplementation.probiotics may enhance gastrointestinal health and immune function. the efficacy of different probiotic dosing strategies on colonization and persistence of probiotics is undefined.201121917706
4,6-a-glucanotransferase, a novel enzyme that structurally and functionally provides an evolutionary link between glycoside hydrolase enzyme families 13 and 70.Lactobacillus reuteri 121 uses the glucosyltransferase A (GTFA) enzyme to convert sucrose into large amounts of the a-D-glucan reuteran, an exopolysaccharide. Upstream of gtfA lies another putative glucansucrase gene, designated gtfB. Previously, we have shown that the purified recombinant GTFB protein/enzyme is inactive with sucrose. Various homologs of gtfB are present in other Lactobacillus strains, including the L. reuteri type strain, DSM 20016, the genome sequence of which is available. He ...201121948833
lactic acid bacteria from chicken carcasses with inhibitory activity against salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes.this study was conducted to isolate psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria (lab) from chicken carcasses with inhibitory activity against strains of salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes. a total of 100 broiler samples were examined for the presence of lab. ninety-two lab isolates that showed antimicrobial effects against salmonella spp. and l. monocytogenes were further analysed to examine their lab (gram-positive, catalase negative, oxidase negative) and psychrotrophic characteristics (abilit ...201121983108
Effect of corn distillers dried grains with soluble on growth performance and health status indicators in weanling pigs.Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and health status of weanling pigs. The first experiment evaluated effects of increasing concentrations of DDGS on growth performance and health of weanling pigs. For Exp. 1, dietary treatments included: 1) control (CTL); 2) 0% DDGS (0% DDGS in Phase 2, and 30% DDGS in Phase 3); 3) 5% DDGS (5% DDGS in Phase 2, and 30% DDGS in Phase 3); and 4) 30% DDGS (Phases 2 and 3). Ov ...201121984709
lc-ms/ms quantification of bioactive angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs.this study quantified antiotensin i-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory peptides in rye malt sourdoughs supplemented with gluten proteins and fermented with six strains of lactobacillus spp. bioinformatic analysis of prolamins from barley, rye, and wheat demonstrated that the ace inhibitory peptides lqp, llp, vpp, and ipp are frequently encrypted in their primary sequence. these tripeptides were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. tripeptide levels in sourdoughs were gen ...201121985248
lactic acid bacteria enriched from human gastric biopsies.the purpose of this paper was to check if viable bacteria, in particular lactic acid bacteria (lab), could be enriched from biopsies obtained from healthy gastroscopy patients. gastric biopsies were obtained from 13 gastroscopy patients and subjected to an anaerobic or microaerophilic enrichment procedure utilizing the portable microbe enrichment unit (pmeu). profuse microbial growth was observed in most cases. samples plated on mrs showed high numbers of lab. the most common species characteriz ...201121991494
probiotics for prevention and treatment of diarrhea.probiotics have been extensively studied over the past several years in the prevention and, to a larger extent, in the treatment of diarrheal diseases, especially in pediatric populations. diarrhea is a symptom, and not a disease. this review will not address chronic disorders associated with diarrhea, or clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea. rather it will focus on published clinical trials performed on acute-onset, likely infectious diarrhea occurring in the settings of day-care centers, in ...201121992955
mannitol production by heterofermentative lactobacillus reuteri crl 1101 and lactobacillus fermentum crl 573 in free and controlled ph batch fermentations.certain lactic acid bacteria, especially heterofermentative strains, are capable to produce mannitol under adequate culture conditions. in this study, mannitol production by lactobacillus reuteri crl 1101 and lactobacillus fermentum crl 573 in modified mrs medium containing a mixture of fructose and glucose in a 6.5:1.0 ratio was investigated during batch fermentations with free ph and constant ph 6.0 and 5.0. mannitol production and yields were higher under constant ph conditions compared with ...201121993480
contribution of glutamate decarboxylase in lactobacillus reuteri to acid resistance and persistence in sourdough fermentation.acid stress impacts the persistence of lactobacilli in industrial sourdough fermentations, and in intestinal ecosystems. however, the contribution of glutamate to acid resistance in lactobacilli has not been demonstrated experimentally, and evidence for the contribution of acid resistance to the competitiveness of lactobacilli in sourdough is lacking. it was therefore the aim of this study to investigate the ecological role of glutamate decarboxylase in l. reuteri.201121995488
effects of a lactobacillus reuteri br11 mutant deficient in the cystine-transport system in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.background: inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with altered composition of the gut microbiota. lactobacillus reuteri br11 (br11) has recently been reported to reduce the severity of experimental ibd because of its probiotic properties possibly attributed to a mechanism of thiol production via its unique cysteine/cystine-transport system. aim: ...201122038505
glycerol conversion to 1, 3-propanediol is enhanced by the expression of a heterologous alcohol dehydrogenase gene in lactobacillus reuteri.abstract: in this work, lactobacillus reuteri has been metabolically engineered for improving 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-pd) production by the expression of an escherichia coli alcohol dehydrogenase, yqhd, that is known to efficiently convert the precursor 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa) to 1, 3-pd. the engineered strain exhibited significantly altered formation rates for the product and other metabolites during the fermentation. an increase in the 1, 3-pd specific productivity of 34% and molar yie ...201122053913
preservation of porcine blood quality by means of lactic acid bacteria.the capacity of 12 lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains to preserve porcine blood during storage was evaluated. a general ability of lab to prevent blood's hemolysis and to maintain the functional properties of plasma was observed. two strains, ps99 (enterococcus raffinosus) and ta43 (lactobacillus reuteri), were selected for studies at 5°c according to their antibacterial activity in blood stored at 15°c. after 144h at 5°c, lower counts of coliforms, pseudomonas spp., proteolytic and hemolytic ba ...200622062312
screening of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria for potential probiotic use in iberian dry fermented sausages.the purpose of this study was to select lactic acid bacteria and bifibobacteria strains as potential probiotic cultures during the processing of iberian dry fermented sausages. a total of 1000 strains were isolated from iberian dry fermented sausages (363), and human (337) and pig faeces (300) in different culture media. around 30% of these strains, mainly isolated from iberian dry fermented sausages in lamvab agar, were pre-selected for testing as potential probiotics by their ability to grow a ...200822063588
Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 yoghurt formulation in hypercholesterolaemic adults.Several studies have reported limited or no reduction in serum cholesterol in response to probiotic formulations. Recently, probiotics have shown promise in treating metabolic disease due to improved strain selection and delivery technologies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a yoghurt formulation containing microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242, taken twice per d over 6 weeks, in hypercholesterolaemi ...201122067612
The potential of biodetoxification activity as a probiotic property of Lactobacillus reuteri.Previous work on the metabolism of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 anticipated a variability in the use of organic electron acceptors as a means to relieve metabolic redox problems. Therefore, investigations focusing on this unique metabolism of L. reuteri may reveal a basis for new probiotic properties. For instance, L. reuteri may use reactive aldehydes and ketones as electron acceptors to balance their redox metabolism, which opens the possibility to exploit this bacterium for in vivo biored ...201222071286
the effect of including lactobacillus reuteri kub-ac5 during post-hatch feeding on the growth and ileum microbiota of broiler chickens.the probiotic strain lactobacillus reuteri kub-ac5, which was originally isolated from chicken intestine, was fed to newborn broiler chicks for the first week post-hatch. the growth and ileum microbiota of the chickens were carefully monitored for 6 wk. the inclusion of 5 log cfu/g of feed statistically increased the bw gain in the first week compared with that of the control group, but this effect did not continue thereafter. significant effects on host feed consumption and the feed-to-growth c ...201122080014
resource partitioning in relation to cohabitation of lactobacillus species in the mouse forestomach.phylogenetic analysis of gut communities of vertebrates is advanced, but the relationships, especially at the trophic level, between commensals that share gut habitats of monogastric animals have not been investigated to any extent. lactobacillus reuteri strain 100-23 and lactobacillus johnsonii strain 100-33 cohabit in the forestomach of mice. according to the niche exclusion principle, this should not be possible because both strains can utilise the two main fermentable carbohydrates present i ...201122094343
structural characterization of linear isomalto/malto-oligomer products synthesized by the novel gtfb 4,6-α-glucanotransferase enzyme from lactobacillus reuteri 121.recently, a novel glucansucrase-like gene (gtfb) was isolated from the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri 121, and expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant gtfb enzyme was characterized, and turned out to be inactive with sucrose, the natural glucansucrase substrate. instead, gtfb acted on malto-oligosaccharides, thereby yielding elongated gluco-oligomers/polymers containing besides (α1→4) also (α1→6) glycosidic linkages, and it was classified as a 4,6-α-glucanotransferase. ...201122138321
randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of lactobacillus reuteri atcc 55730 rectal enema in children with active distal ulcerative colitis.background  intestinal microbiota manipulation, one of the pathogenetic components of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), has become an attractive therapy for ulcerative colitis (uc). aim  to assess in children with active distal uc the effectiveness of lactobacillus (l) reuteri atcc 55730 enema on inflammation and cytokine expression of rectal mucosa. methods  a total of 40 patients (median age: 7.2 years range 6-18) with mild to moderate uc were enrolled in a prospective, randomised, placebo-con ...201122150569
In vitro testing of commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria.Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of selected commercial and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria using common in vitro screening assays such as transit tolerance in the upper human gastrointestinal tract, adhesion capacity to human intestinal cell lines and effect on epithelial barrier function. The selected bacteria include strains of Lac ...201122177712
effect of chewing gums containing the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri on oral malodour.abstract objective. to evaluate the effect of chewing gums containing probiotic bacteria on oral malodour. the null hypothesis was that no difference would be displayed compared with placebo gums. materials and methods. twenty-five healthy young adults with self-reported malodorous morning breath completed this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial. the design included run-in and wash-out periods interspersed by two intervention periods of 14 days each. the subjects ...201122182258
The influence of probiotics on the cervical malignancy diagnostics quality.Probiotics help to provide an optimum balance in the intestines. Probiotics species competitive block toxic substances and growth of unwanted bacteria and yeast species while they compete for the space and food. Lactogyn is the first oral probiotics on Serbian market dedicated to maintaining a normal vaginal flora. Lactogyn contains two well studied probiotics strains - Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14. Both of them are considered as probiotic agents with therapeutic ...201122191313
one-step enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides from low water-soluble purine bases in non-conventional media.the effect of several water-miscible cosolvents on activity and stability of soluble and immobilized 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase from lactobacillus reuteri on sepabeads® has been studied in order to establish optimal conditions for enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides using purine bases with low solubility in aqueous buffer. as a rule of thumb, there was a general reduction of soluble enzyme activity when cosolvent content was gradually increased in reaction medium. in contrast, immobilized enzyme ...201122197334
lactobacillus reuteri strains reduce incidence and severity of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via modulation of tlr4 and nfκb signaling in the intestine.necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is the leading gastrointestinal cause of mortality and morbidity in the premature infant. premature infants have a delay in intestinal colonization by commensal bacteria and colonization with potentially pathogenic organisms. lactobacillus reuteri (lr) is a probiotic that inhibits enteric infections, modulates the immune system, and may be beneficial to prevent nec. in previous studies, lr strains dsm 17938 and atcc pta 4659 differentially modulated inflammation i ...201122207578
grape antioxidant dietary fiber stimulates lactobacillus growth in rat cecum.practical application:  grape antioxidant fiber combines nutritional and physiological properties of dietary fiber and natural antioxidants from grapes. grape antioxidant fiber could be used as an ingredient for functional foods and as a dietary supplement to increase the intake of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds.201222224928
in vitro selection and transferability of antibiotic resistance in the probiotic strain lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938. 201122233824
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